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"""
CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Benchmark & Horticultural Crops Module
Covers Apple, Blueberry, Cherry, Grape, Peach, Bell Pepper, Raspberry, Strawberry, and Squash.
"""
from typing import Dict, Any
BENCHMARK_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
# Apple
"Apple___Apple_scab": {
"name": "Apple Scab (सेब का स्कैब / खुरंड रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Venturia inaequalis",
"crop": "Apple (सेब)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Spring and summer; cool wet weather (Temp 15-22°C), frequent rains",
"economic_injury_level": "Olive-green velvety spots on leaves or scabby fruit lesions",
"symptoms": [
"Olive-green to dull greyish-brown velvety spots on leaves, becoming dark olive-black and raised",
"Scabby, rough, corky, dark brown or black lesions on fruit surface; fruits crack and become distorted",
"Premature leaf and fruit drop in heavy infections"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Prune and destroy infected leaves and fallen fruits from orchard floor"],
"organic_control": ["Spray lime sulfur solution or Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Difenoconazole 25% EC (Score) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Captan 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
"Or Dodine 65% WP @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Post-harvest spray of 5% Urea on orchard floor to accelerate leaf litter decomposition"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Apple___Black_rot": {
"name": "Apple Black Rot / Frogeye Leaf Spot (सेब का ब्लैक रॉट)",
"scientific_name": "Botryosphaeria obtusa",
"crop": "Apple (सेब)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm wet summer weather",
"economic_injury_level": "Frogeye circular spots on leaves and firm rot on fruits",
"symptoms": [
"Frogeye leaf spot: Small purple spots that enlarge with grey centers and dark purple margins",
"Firm, concentric dark brown to black rot on fruits, turning entire fruit into a black mummified shrivelled ball",
"Cankers on branches with cracked bark"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Prune dead twigs and cankered branches; remove mummified fruits"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water"],
"chemical_control": ["Spray Captan 50% WP @ 2.5g/L or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water"]
},
"prevention": ["Pruning of diseased wood during winter dormancy"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Apple___Cedar_apple_rust": {
"name": "Cedar Apple Rust (सेब का रतुआ रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae",
"crop": "Apple (सेब)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Spring wet periods in vicinity of juniper trees",
"economic_injury_level": "Bright yellow-orange spots on upper leaf surfaces",
"symptoms": [
"Bright yellow-orange circular spots on upper surface of leaves, turning orange with black dots",
"Cup-like fungal structures with hair-like projections (aecia) on the lower surface of leaves and fruit",
"Severe defoliation and blemished cracked fruits"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Eradicate alternative juniper hosts within 500 meters of apple orchard"],
"organic_control": ["Spray sulfur formulation @ 3g/L water"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Plant rust-resistant apple cultivars: Enterprise, Freedom, Liberty"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Apple___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Apple Tree (स्वस्थ सेब का पेड़)",
"scientific_name": "Malus domestica (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Set)",
"crop": "Apple (सेब)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; lush dark-green serrated leaves, vigorous shoots and clean smooth fruits",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Lush green serrated leaves free from scab or frogeye spots", "Smooth, firm, unblemished fruits"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain balanced winter pruning and clean orchard sanitation"],
"organic_control": ["Apply organic compost and boron micronutrient spray during pink bud stage"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Regular orchard scouting for early scab lesions during pink bud to petal fall stages"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Grape
"Grape___Black_rot": {
"name": "Grape Black Rot (अंगूर का ब्लैक रॉट रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Guignardia bidwellii",
"crop": "Grape (अंगूर)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm wet rainy spells (Temp 22-28°C)",
"economic_injury_level": "Mummified black berries on bunches",
"symptoms": [
"Small circular reddish-brown spots with dark borders on leaves",
"Berries develop light brown spots that rapidly envelop the entire berry, turning it into a hard, shrivelled, black mummy covered with pycnidia",
"Complete destruction of grape bunches if unchecked"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Remove and bury mummified grape clusters"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water",
"Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water",
"Or Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Open canopy training (bower or trellis) for sunlight penetration"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Grape___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Grape Vine (स्वस्थ अंगूर की बेल)",
"scientific_name": "Vitis vinifera (Optimal Canopy & Bunch Vigor)",
"crop": "Grape (अंगूर)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad lobed vibrant green leaves, clean tendrils and dense healthy grape clusters",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Broad deep-green lobed foliage free from downy/powdery mildew or black rot", "Firm, uniform berry bunches with natural waxy bloom"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal trellis canopy pruning and drip irrigation"],
"organic_control": ["Apply potassium-rich bio-tonics during berry sizing"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Prune excess foliage to maintain bunch aeration"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Bell Pepper
"Pepper,_bell___Bacterial_spot": {
"name": "Bell Pepper / Shimla Mirch Bacterial Spot (शिमला मिर्च का जीवाणु धब्बा)",
"scientific_name": "Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria",
"crop": "Bell Pepper / Capsicum (शिमला मिर्च)",
"category": "Bacterial",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm, humid, rainy weather (Temp 24-30°C, RH > 85%)",
"economic_injury_level": "Small water-soaked blister spots on leaves and fruit",
"symptoms": [
"Small, circular to irregular, water-soaked dark brown spots with chlorotic haloes on leaves",
"Raised, corky, blister-like brown pustules on green bell peppers",
"Severe leaf yellowing and defoliation resulting in sunscald of exposed fruits"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Avoid overhead irrigation; destroy severely infected plants"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5g/L water"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 500g in 200L water per acre",
"Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Seed treatment with Streptocycline (1g in 10L for 30 minutes)", "Crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Pepper,_bell___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Bell Pepper (स्वस्थ शिमला मिर्च फसल)",
"scientific_name": "Capsicum annuum var. grossum (Optimal Canopy & Fruit Health)",
"crop": "Bell Pepper / Capsicum (शिमला मिर्च)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy green leaves, sturdy branching, blocky firm bell peppers",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Lush dark-green smooth foliage free from bacterial spots or leaf curling", "Firm, glossy, thick-walled blocky green, red, or yellow capsicums"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain balanced fertigation and staking"],
"organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and calcium nitrate to prevent blossom end rot"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Scout leaf undersides weekly for early thrips and mite symptoms"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Squash
"Squash___Powdery_mildew": {
"name": "Squash / Cucurbits Powdery Mildew (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों का चूर्णी रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Podosphaera xanthii (Erysiphe cichoracearum)",
"crop": "Squash / Cucurbits (कद्दू/लौकी)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Dry warm sunny days with humid nights and dense canopy shade",
"economic_injury_level": "White talcum powder coating covering > 15% leaf area",
"symptoms": [
"White talcum-powder-like fungal patches on both upper and lower surfaces of leaves and stems",
"Patches coalesce covering entire leaves; leaves turn yellow, brown, and dry into brittle brown paper",
"Premature defoliation, stunted fruit growth, and sunscald of exposed squash fruits"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray lower leaves and inner canopy where white powder starts"],
"organic_control": [
"Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre in 200L water)",
"Apply baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) solution @ 5g/L with 2ml liquid soap or raw milk (1:9 ratio)"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
"Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Maintain wide plant spacing for sunlight and airflow", "Plant resistant cultivars"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Strawberry
"Strawberry___Leaf_scorch": {
"name": "Strawberry Leaf Scorch (स्ट्रॉबेरी का पत्ती झुलसा)",
"scientific_name": "Diplocarpon earlianum",
"crop": "Strawberry (स्ट्रॉबेरी)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm wet rainy weather",
"economic_injury_level": "Purplish-brown irregular spots coalescing on leaves",
"symptoms": [
"Irregular purplish-red to dark brown spots on upper leaf surfaces without white centers",
"Lesions coalesce causing leaves to appear burned or scorched; margins curl upwards",
"Calyx leaves turn brown and die, resulting in stunted, unmarketable berries"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Prune and remove scorched foliage after fruiting"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2g/L water"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Captan 50% WP @ 2g/L water or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water",
"Or Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Drip irrigation instead of overhead sprinklers", "Plant on plastic-mulched raised beds"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Strawberry___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Strawberry Plant (स्वस्थ स्ट्रॉबेरी पौधा)",
"scientific_name": "Fragaria ananassa (Optimal Crown & Berry Health)",
"crop": "Strawberry (स्ट्रॉबेरी)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy green trifoliate foliage, white flowers, vibrant red berries",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Lush glossy green trifoliate leaves with serrated margins free from spots", "Clean white flowers and glossy red cone-shaped berries on clean mulch"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain clean straw or plastic mulch under fruit clusters to prevent soil contact"],
"organic_control": ["Apply compost tea and seaweed extract every 15 days"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Ensure raised beds are well-drained"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Peach
"Peach___Bacterial_spot": {
"name": "Peach Bacterial Spot (आड़ू का जीवाणु धब्बा रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni",
"crop": "Peach (आड़ू)",
"category": "Bacterial",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm, wet, windy spring weather",
"economic_injury_level": "Angular purplish spots on leaves and pitted fruit lesions",
"symptoms": [
"Small angular water-soaked purplish spots that drop out, creating a 'shot-hole' appearance on leaves",
"Cracked, sunken, pitted dark lesions on fruit surface exuding amber gum",
"Severe premature defoliation leading to fruit sunburn and weakened tree vigor"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Prune infected cankered twigs during winter dormancy"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L or Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 500g in 200L water per acre",
"Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Plant resistant peach varieties", "Avoid high nitrogen fertilization"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Peach___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Peach Tree (स्वस्थ आड़ू का पेड़)",
"scientific_name": "Prunus persica (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Vigor)",
"crop": "Peach (आड़ू)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; lanceolate deep-green leaves, pink blossoms, velvety blush-red peaches",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Healthy lanceolate glossy green leaves free from shot holes or yellowing", "Smooth velvety peaches free from gumming or pitted brown lesions"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal fruit thinning for large fruit size"],
"organic_control": ["Apply organic compost around drip line"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Prune during winter to maintain open vase canopy architecture"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Blueberry
"Blueberry___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Blueberry Bush (स्वस्थ ब्लूबेरी पौधा)",
"scientific_name": "Vaccinium corymbosum (Optimal Canopy & Berry Setting)",
"crop": "Blueberry (ब्लूबेरी)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Acidic soil conditions; oval glossy dark-green leaves, bell-shaped flowers, plump indigo berries",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Lush glossy green oval leaves free from leaf spots or chlorosis", "Firm, plump indigo-blue berries covered with natural powdery bloom"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain acidic soil pH (4.5 to 5.2) using elemental sulfur and pine needle mulch"],
"organic_control": ["Apply ericoid mycorrhizal inoculants"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Bird netting over bush clusters during berry ripening"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Cherry
"Cherry___Powdery_mildew": {
"name": "Cherry Powdery Mildew (चेरी का चूर्णिल आसिता)",
"scientific_name": "Podosphaera clandestina",
"crop": "Cherry (चेरी)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Late spring and summer; warm dry days with humid nights",
"economic_injury_level": "White powdery fungal growth on leaves and green fruit",
"symptoms": [
"White circular patches of powdery mildew on underside of leaves, causing leaves to cup upward and distort",
"Fungal mycelium covers developing green and ripening cherries, causing them to crack, shrivel, and fail to mature",
"Severe reduction in commercial fruit packout"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Prune watersprouts to improve canopy airflow"],
"organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Myclobutanil 10% WP @ 1g/L water or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water",
"Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water"
]
},
"prevention": ["Canopy pruning to maximize sunlight exposure", "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Cherry___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Cherry Tree (स्वस्थ चेरी का पेड़)",
"scientific_name": "Prunus avium (Optimal Foliage & Berry Health)",
"crop": "Cherry (चेरी)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Temperate climate; vibrant serrated ovate leaves, white spring blossoms, glossy plump cherries",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Clean, vibrant dark-green leaves free from powdery mildew or shot holes", "Glossy, firm, unblemished deep red cherries with green stems"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture and winter orchard sanitation"],
"organic_control": ["Apply organic compost and foliar seaweed extract"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Install bird netting during fruit color turning stage"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# Raspberry
"Raspberry___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Raspberry Bush (स्वस्थ रास्पबेरी पौधा)",
"scientific_name": "Rubus idaeus (Optimal Cane & Berry Vigor)",
"crop": "Raspberry (रास्पबेरी)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Temperate cool climate; compound serrated leaves, upright canes, plump red aggregate berries",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": ["Vigorous green compound leaves free from anthracnose or rust spots", "Healthy primocanes and floricanes with plump red aggregate berries"],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Trellis canes for vertical support; remove old spent floricanes after fruiting"],
"organic_control": ["Mulch with wood chips to keep root zone cool and moist"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Prune dead canes to ground level every winter"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
}
}
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