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"""
CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Pulses Module (दलहन फसलें: चना, अरहर, उड़द, मूंग, तिवड़ा)
Comprehensive details of all diseases, pests, and physiological disorders
across Chhattisgarh (Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham, Surguja) and All India.
"""
from typing import Dict, Any
PULSES_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
# =========================================================================
# 1. CHICKPEA / GRAM (चना)
# =========================================================================
"Chickpea___Pod_Borer": {
"name": "Chickpea Pod Borer / Gram Caterpillar (चना फली छेदक इल्ली)",
"scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Insect_Pest",
"severity": "Critical",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "January to March (flowering and pod formation); warm sunny days following winter rain",
"economic_injury_level": "1 larva per meter row or 1 damaged pod per plant",
"symptoms": [
"Early instar caterpillars defoliate young leaflets and tender shoot tips",
"Later instars chew clean circular entry holes into developing green pods, inserting only their head inside while feeding ('Borer')",
"Empty hollow pods with seeds completely consumed, leading to 30-60% harvest loss",
"Caterpillar is greenish-brown with longitudinal lateral stripes and short bristles on body"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Install 'T'-shaped bird perches (T-खूंटी @ 20/acre) to attract insectivorous birds like Drongo and Myna",
"Set up 5 Pheromone Traps (Helilure) per acre for mass monitoring and male trapping"
],
"organic_control": [
"Spray HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus) @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) in evening with 0.1% jaggery",
"Or spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L",
"Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE @ 50g/L) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 2ml/L"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
"Or Spinosad 45% SC (Tracer) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)",
"Or Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Intercrop with Coriander, Mustard, or Marigold (1 row of marigold/mustard after every 8-10 rows of gram) as trap crop",
"Early sowing in October to escape peak larval emergence in February-March"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Chickpea___Fusarium_Wilt": {
"name": "Chickpea Fusarium Wilt / Uktha Rog (चना का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "November (early seedling wilt) and January-February (flowering/pod stage); dry warm soil conditions (25-30°C)",
"economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field",
"symptoms": [
"Sudden drooping of upper petioles and leaves, which turn dull greyish-green and dry up",
"When the main stem or taproot is split longitudinally, dark brown to black vascular discoloration of xylem vessels is clearly visible",
"Roots show internal blackening without external rotting; plants can be pulled out easily",
"Severe devastating disease in Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham and Durg chickpea tracts"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Rogue out and burn wilted plants immediately; soil drench around adjacent healthy plants",
"Avoid deep cultivation that damages roots and spreads fungal mycelium"
],
"organic_control": [
"Bio-agent soil application: Mix Trichoderma viride / harzianum @ 2 kg with 100 kg decomposed FYM, incubate for 7 days under shade, apply to field before sowing",
"Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 kg/acre"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Preventive seed treatment is MANDATORY (no effective cure once vascular wilt sets in): Treat seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/kg seed or Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% (Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g/kg seed",
"Patch drenching: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Deep summer ploughing to eradicate resting chlamydospores",
"3-year crop rotation with non-host crops (Sorghum, Wheat, Mustard)",
"Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: JG-11, JG-14, JG-16, JG-315, JAKI-9218, Vijay, Digvijay"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Chickpea___Dry_Root_Rot": {
"name": "Chickpea Dry Root Rot (चना का शुष्क जड़ सड़न रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia bataticola (Macrophomina phaseolina)",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "February to March (post-flowering); high ambient temperature (above 30°C) and moisture stress",
"economic_injury_level": "Stiff straw-yellow dried plants with brittle roots",
"symptoms": [
"Plants dry up completely, turning straw-yellow with leaves remaining attached to the branches",
"Taproot becomes brittle, black, shredded like dry wood with loss of secondary lateral feeder roots",
"Minute black pepper-like sclerotial bodies visible under the bark of the split root collar",
"Triggered primarily by high heat and severe soil drought stress during pod filling"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Provide light life-saving irrigation to alleviate soil moisture stress", "Remove dead plants"],
"organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with 100 kg compost"],
"chemical_control": [
"Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed",
"Root drenching: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP @ 2g/L water around root zones"
]
},
"prevention": ["Avoid moisture stress during pod filling; apply light irrigation", "Grow heat-tolerant varieties"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Chickpea___Ascochyta_Blight": {
"name": "Chickpea Ascochyta Blight (चना का एस्कोकाइटा झुलसा)",
"scientific_name": "Ascochyta rabiei",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Cool, cloudy, wet weather with frequent showers (Temp 15-20°C, RH > 80%)",
"economic_injury_level": "Circular concentric brown lesions on pods and leaflets",
"symptoms": [
"Circular or elongated brown spots with dark margins and concentric rings containing black pycnidia dots on leaves and stems",
"Deep sunken lesions on stems causing the branches to break and fall over ('Girdling')",
"Circular sunken lesions on pods with fungal pycnidia arranged in neat circles; seeds infected and shrivelled"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray immediately after rain or heavy fog; do not walk in wet crop canopy"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply Copper Soap / Bordeaux mixture 1%"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)",
"Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Use certified disease-free seed; seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed",
"Grow blight-tolerant varieties: GNG-469, PBG-5, Himachal Chana-1"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Chickpea___Collar_Rot": {
"name": "Chickpea Collar Rot (चना का कॉलर रॉट रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Sclerotium rolfsii",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Seedling stage (October-November); high soil moisture and warm soil temperature",
"economic_injury_level": "Seedling collapse at soil line",
"symptoms": [
"Water-soaked decaying lesion at collar region of seedling near ground level",
"White fan-like cottony fungal mycelial growth on stem base and surrounding moist soil",
"Mustard-seed-like round brown sclerotial bodies attached to mycelium at the soil line",
"Seedlings turn yellow, collapse, and rot rapidly"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Avoid excessive moisture around collar; expose soil line to air"],
"organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 2.5 kg/acre with vermicompost"],
"chemical_control": [
"Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed",
"Soil drenching: Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank) around infected patches"
]
},
"prevention": ["Ensure clean seedbed free of decaying stubble", "Avoid sowing too deep in wet soil"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Chickpea___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Chickpea / Gram (स्वस्थ चना फसल)",
"scientific_name": "Cicer arietinum (Optimal Canopy & Podding)",
"crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Rabi season; lush green pinnate foliage with acid exudate glands, vigorous pod setting",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": [
"Dense branching canopy with fresh green glandular leaflets and high malic acid secretion",
"Clean developing green pods with zero borer puncture holes",
"Healthy taproot system with active pink nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium nodules"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture; protect from frost during flowering"],
"organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% Urea or 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients at pod formation"],
"chemical_control": ["No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial spiders and parasitoid wasps."]
},
"prevention": ["Regular scouting for early borer egg masses on tender leaves"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# =========================================================================
# 2. PIGEONPEA / ARHAR / TUR (अरहर)
# =========================================================================
"Pigeonpea___Fusarium_Wilt": {
"name": "Pigeonpea / Arhar Wilt (अरहर का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Fusarium udum",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "September to November (flowering and podding stage); soil-borne pathogen favored by warm soils",
"economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field",
"symptoms": [
"Interveinal chlorosis and yellowing of upper leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying of branches",
"Characteristic purple-black bands or strips running up the stem from the ground line",
"Internal vascular xylem vessels turn dark brownish-black when stem is split open",
"Partial wilting is common where one side of the plant dies while the other side remains green"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Uproot and burn diseased plants along with their main root systems to prevent sclerotial buildup",
"Ensure proper drainage; waterlogging aggravates root asphyxiation and fungal invasion"
],
"organic_control": [
"Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre incubated with 200 kg farmyard manure",
"Green manuring with Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp) to suppress soil Fusarium populations"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg",
"No post-infection chemical curative exists once systemic xylem vessels are blocked"
]
},
"prevention": [
"3-year crop rotation with non-hosts like Sorghum, Maize, or Tobacco",
"Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: Asha (ICPL-87119), Maruti (ICP-8863), BSMR-736, BDN-711, Rajiv Lochan (CG recommended)"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Pigeonpea___Sterility_Mosaic": {
"name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Disease / SMD (अरहर का बांझपन मोजेक रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Emaravirus (PPSMV) vectored by Aceria cajani mite",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Viral",
"severity": "Critical",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "August to October; warm humid weather, dense shade favoring eriophyid mite vector",
"economic_injury_level": "Appearance of bushy pale green plants with zero flowers",
"symptoms": [
"Severe stunting and proliferation of auxiliary branches giving the plant a bushy, broom-like appearance ('Green Island')",
"Leaves turn pale yellowish-green with mosaic mottling and become smaller in size",
"Complete cessation of flowering and pod setting; plants remain 100% sterile (Green barren bush)",
"Transmitted by microscopic eriophyid mites (Aceria cajani) carried by wind currents"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Rogue out and destroy infected sterile plants in early vegetative stage to prevent mite vector spread",
"Spray acaricide immediately to eradicate the mite vector"
],
"organic_control": [
"Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank) to control mite vectors",
"Apply Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Acaricide vector control spray: Fenazaquin 10% EC (Magister) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
"Or Propargite 57% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)",
"Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Grow SMD-resistant varieties: Asha (ICPL-87119), BSMR-736, BSMR-853, BDN-2",
"Eradicate perennial or volunteer pigeonpea plants around field borders that harbor mites"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Pigeonpea___Pod_Borer": {
"name": "Pigeonpea Pod Borer Complex (अरहर का फली छेदक कीट)",
"scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera & Maruca vitrata",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Insect_Pest",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "October to December (budding, flowering and pod development); sunny warm days",
"economic_injury_level": "1-2 larvae per plant or 5% pod damage",
"symptoms": [
"Caterpillars web together flower buds, flowers, and leaves with silk and feed inside (Maruca)",
"Large circular bore holes in developing pods with caterpillars chewing developing seeds (Helicoverpa)",
"Heavy shedding of flowers and flower buds leading to barren terminal twigs",
"Massive yield drop of 40-70% if unmanaged at 50% flowering stage"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Shake plants vigorously in early morning onto polythene sheets placed between rows to collect and destroy dislodged larvae",
"Set up 5 Pheromone Traps per acre at canopy height"
],
"organic_control": [
"Spray HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) with 0.1% jaggery in late afternoon",
"Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L at flower bud initiation",
"Apply Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)",
"Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)",
"Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"First spray must coincide with 50% flowering stage before larvae enter inside the green pods",
"Install bird perches @ 20 per acre for natural predation"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Pigeonpea___Pod_Fly": {
"name": "Pigeonpea Pod Fly (अरहर की फली मक्खी)",
"scientific_name": "Melanagromyza obtusa",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Insect_Pest",
"severity": "Severe",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "November to January (pod maturation stage); hidden damage without external entry holes",
"economic_injury_level": "10% pod infestation or presence of adult shiny black flies around flowers",
"symptoms": [
"Adult female fly punctures green pod wall and deposits eggs directly onto developing seeds",
"Maggot feeds inside the seed coat creating circular white galleries; seed becomes rotten, unfit for consumption or sowing",
"External pod looks completely normal with NO visible entry hole until adult fly cuts a 'window' hole to exit",
"Major hidden cause of 30-50% pulse yield drop in Central India"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Spray systemic insecticide at green pod stage when adult flies are actively ovipositing",
"Collect and burn infested pod residues after threshing"
],
"organic_control": [
"Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water during pod formation",
"Install yellow sticky traps @ 8-10 per acre to monitor adult flies"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank; 350ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Monocrotophos (use restricted) / Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
"Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Grow pod fly resistant or early maturing varieties",
"Avoid staggered sowing in adjacent plots"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Pigeonpea___Phytophthora_Blight": {
"name": "Pigeonpea Phytophthora Stem Blight (अरहर का फाइटोफ्थोरा झुलसा)",
"scientific_name": "Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Critical",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "July to August (seedling and vegetative stage); continuous heavy rain, stagnant water, Temp 28-32°C",
"economic_injury_level": "Stem girdling and rapid wilting in waterlogged areas",
"symptoms": [
"Water-soaked circular to irregular lesions on leaves that rapidly dry into dull grey patches",
"Dark brown to black necrotic girdling lesions on the main stem and branches, usually near ground level",
"The stem swells slightly at the lesion site and breaks easily in wind; foliage above lesion withers and dies rapidly",
"Sudden epidemic death of plants in low-lying, poorly drained waterlogged patches"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Provide immediate furrow drainage to remove standing water from root zones",
"Spray systemic fungicide immediately upon cessation of heavy rainfall"
],
"organic_control": [
"Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with compost",
"Apply Copper Hydroxide bio-shield @ 2g/L"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Foliar spray: Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)",
"Or Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Plant pigeonpea on raised ridges (Ridge and Furrow planting system) to prevent waterlogging at stem base",
"Seed treatment with Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 2g/kg seed",
"Avoid planting in low-lying flood-prone clayey soils"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Pigeonpea___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Pigeonpea / Arhar (स्वस्थ अरहर फसल)",
"scientific_name": "Cajanus cajan (Optimal Reproductive Health)",
"crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Kharif to Rabi; tall upright shrubby growth, prolific yellow flowering, healthy green pods",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": [
"Robust upright trifoliate foliage with healthy dark green canopy",
"Profuse flowering clusters with healthy flower buds free from webbing or webbing frass",
"Smooth, healthy green pods filling uniformly with seeds"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free conditions during first 60 days; provide protective irrigation at pod filling"],
"organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flower initiation to prevent bud drop"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve honeybees for essential pollination."]
},
"prevention": ["Scout flower clusters weekly for early webbing caterpillar signs"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# =========================================================================
# 3. BLACKGRAM / GREENGRAM (उड़द एवं मूंग)
# =========================================================================
"Urad_Moong___Yellow_Mosaic_Virus": {
"name": "Urad / Moong Yellow Mosaic Virus / MYMV (उड़द/मूंग का पीला मोजेक रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)",
"crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
"category": "Viral",
"severity": "Critical",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "July to September (Kharif) & March to May (Zaid); hot humid weather favoring whitefly explosion",
"economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow mosaic patches on young trifoliate leaves",
"symptoms": [
"Bright yellow patches alternating with green areas on leaves (classic golden-yellow mosaic pattern)",
"Yellow patches coalesce until the entire leaf turns brilliant golden-yellow",
"Leaves become small, puckered, leathery, and brittle; plants stunted with fewer flowers",
"Pods become small, curled upwards, and produce small shrivelled discoloured seeds"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": [
"Rogue out and bury infected yellow plants during first 2-3 weeks to eliminate viral reservoir",
"Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci)"
],
"organic_control": [
"Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at canopy level to trap flying whiteflies",
"Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)",
"Or Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre)",
"Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": [
"Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30% FS (Cruiser) @ 4ml/kg seed or Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg",
"Grow MYMV-resistant varieties: Pant U-31, KU-96-3, Pratap Urad-1, Pusa Vishal, IPM 205-7 (Virat)"
],
"expert_consultation_recommended": True
},
"Urad_Moong___Powdery_Mildew": {
"name": "Urad / Moong Powdery Mildew (उड़द/मूंग का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Erysiphe polygoni",
"crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "October to November (late Kharif) and February (Rabi); dry cool weather with morning dew",
"economic_injury_level": "White powdery patches covering > 15% of foliage",
"symptoms": [
"Small white circular powdery spots on upper leaf surfaces, rapidly spreading over stems and green pods",
"Entire leaf canopy covered in white flour-like fungal growth, turning dull greyish-brown later",
"Leaves turn chlorotic, dry up, curl, and shed prematurely, leaving bare stems with stunted pods"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray at first appearance of white dust patches on lower leaves"],
"organic_control": [
"Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)",
"Apply raw milk + water solution (1:9 ratio) or baking soda solution @ 5g/L"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)",
"Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Early planting of summer moong/urad", "Plant resistant cultivars"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Urad_Moong___Cercospora_Leaf_Spot": {
"name": "Urad / Moong Cercospora Leaf Spot (उड़द/मूंग का सर्कोस्पोरा पत्ती धब्बा)",
"scientific_name": "Cercospora canescens & Cercospora cruenta",
"crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Warm humid weather (Temp 25-30°C, RH > 85%) during flowering/podding",
"economic_injury_level": "Reddish-brown circular spots on foliage",
"symptoms": [
"Circular to irregular spots with greyish-white center and defined reddish-brown border on leaves",
"Spots coalesce forming large necrotic patches that crack and drop out, creating 'shot-hole' appearance",
"Severe defoliation leading to premature leaf shedding and small shrivelled pods"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial leaf spotting before flowering"],
"organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Spray 5% NSKE @ 50ml/L"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)",
"Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed", "Destruction of crop residues"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Urad_Moong___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Urad & Moong (स्वस्थ उड़द एवं मूंग फसल)",
"scientific_name": "Vigna mungo & Vigna radiata (Optimal Pulse Health)",
"crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "All seasons; clean dark-green trifoliate leaves, healthy root nodules, uniform green pod bunches",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": [
"Clean glossy green trifoliate foliage with zero yellow mosaic mottling or whitefly colonies",
"Prolific yellow flower clusters with clean developing pod bunches free from borer frass",
"Active nitrogen fixation with profuse pink Rhizobium nodules on roots"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free plot during initial 30 days"],
"organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flowering"],
"chemical_control": ["No pesticide application required."]
},
"prevention": ["Scout weekly for whitefly under leaf surfaces"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
# =========================================================================
# 4. LATHYRUS / TIWDA (तिवड़ा / केसरी दाल - Chhattisgarh Relay Crop)
# =========================================================================
"Lathyrus___Powdery_Mildew": {
"name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Powdery Mildew (तिवड़ा का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)",
"scientific_name": "Erysiphe pisi",
"crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "January to February; dry winter days, foggy mornings, common in relay/paira crop in CG paddy fallows",
"economic_injury_level": "White powdery coating over > 20% of lower foliage",
"symptoms": [
"White talcum-powder-like patches on leaves, stipules, and green pods of the tiwda vine",
"Patches coalesce covering entire plants in a white floury dust; leaves turn dull grey, yellow and dry up",
"Pods remain underdeveloped, small and poorly filled; significant reduction in forage and grain yield"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray lower foliage thoroughly where white powder starts"],
"organic_control": [
"Dust sulfur powder @ 10 kg/acre in early morning while dew is present",
"Or spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)"
],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)",
"Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)",
"Or Dinocap 48% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Grow low-ODAP and powdery mildew tolerant varieties: Prateek, Ratan, Mahatiwda (CG released)"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Lathyrus___Downy_Mildew": {
"name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Downy Mildew (तिवड़ा का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)",
"scientific_name": "Peronospora lathyri",
"crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
"category": "Fungal",
"severity": "Moderate",
"is_healthy": False,
"season_and_weather": "Cool, humid, foggy weather in December-January",
"economic_injury_level": "Purplish-grey downy growth under leaves",
"symptoms": [
"Yellowish chlorotic patches on upper leaf surface corresponding to purplish-grey downy fungal growth on lower surface",
"Leaves curl, turn brown, and wither prematurely",
"Stunted vine growth and premature pod drop"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Spray immediately upon first appearance of downy growth"],
"organic_control": ["Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L"],
"chemical_control": [
"Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)",
"Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)"
]
},
"prevention": ["Avoid dense broadcasting in waterlogged paddy stubbles"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
},
"Lathyrus___healthy": {
"name": "Healthy Lathyrus / Tiwda (स्वस्थ तिवड़ा फसल)",
"scientific_name": "Lathyrus sativus (Optimal Relay Crop Vigor)",
"crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)",
"category": "Healthy",
"severity": "Healthy",
"is_healthy": True,
"season_and_weather": "Rabi relay season in paddy fallows; lush spreading green tendril foliage, blue-purple flowers",
"economic_injury_level": "None",
"symptoms": [
"Healthy spreading tendril-bearing foliage with vibrant green winged stems",
"Prolific blue, violet, and purple flowers with clean flat green pods",
"Strong root nodules fixing atmospheric nitrogen in residual paddy moisture"
],
"treatment": {
"immediate_action": ["Protect from grazing; no pesticide application needed"],
"organic_control": ["No intervention required"],
"chemical_control": ["No chemical application needed."]
},
"prevention": ["Use low-neurotoxin (ODAP) certified seeds (Prateek, Ratan)"],
"expert_consultation_recommended": False
}
}
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