| |
| """ |
| CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Cash Crops Module (नकदी फसलें: कपास एवं गन्ना) |
| Comprehensive details of all critical diseases, bollworms, borers, and disorders |
| across Central/Western India (Vidarbha, Marathwada, MP, CG, Gujarat). |
| """ |
|
|
| from typing import Dict, Any |
|
|
| CASH_CROPS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = { |
| |
| |
| |
| "Cotton___Pink_Bollworm": { |
| "name": "Cotton Pink Bollworm / Gulabi Sundi (कपास का गुलाबी बोलवॉर्म / सुंडी)", |
| "scientific_name": "Pectinophora gossypiella", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "September to December (squaring, flowering and boll formation); warm days, humid nights", |
| "economic_injury_level": "8-10 male moths caught per trap per night for 3 consecutive nights or 10% rosette flowers or 10% green bolls damaged", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Young larvae bore into squares and flower buds, webbing together petal tips into a twisted rosette appearance ('Rosette Flower' / गुलाब जैसा फूल)", |
| "Larva enters green bolls through a microscopic pin-hole that heals over immediately, leaving NO visible external damage ('Silent Killer')", |
| "Inside the boll, the pink caterpillar feeds directly on developing lint and seeds, staining fibers yellow-brown and hollowing seeds", |
| "Bolls open prematurely ('Locule Damage') with stained, rotting lint and poor fiber quality, causing catastrophic financial losses across India" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Install 5 Pheromone Traps (Pectino-lure / Gossyplure) per acre for monitoring; increase to 15-20 traps/acre for mass mating disruption", |
| "Manually pick and destroy rosette flowers in early morning hours" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma bactrae @ 60,000 to 80,000/acre at weekly intervals starting at squaring", |
| "Foliar spray of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray at EIL threshold (before borer enters inside boll): Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 100ml/acre)", |
| "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Profenofos 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre) for ovicidal action" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Terminate cotton crop by December; avoid ratoon cotton or extending crop into summer which provides continuous pest bridge", |
| "Destroy ginning mill waste and burn cotton stalks after harvest to kill diapausing larvae inside double seeds", |
| "Synchronized community planting using certified early-maturing Bt hybrids" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Cotton___Whitefly": { |
| "name": "Cotton Whitefly & Leaf Curl Virus / CLCuV (कपास की सफेद मक्खी एवं पत्ती मरोड़ रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Bemisia tabaci & Cotton Leaf Curl Geminivirus (CLCuV)", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to October; dry spells, hot humid days (Temp 28-35°C), low rainfall", |
| "economic_injury_level": "6-8 adults per leaf or presence of curling on upper tender leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Clouds of tiny powdery white insects fluttering under the lower surface of leaves", |
| "Nymphs and adults suck phloem sap, turning leaves yellow, cupped downwards, and causing stunted plant growth", |
| "Copious sticky honeydew causes heavy black sooty mould covering upper leaf surfaces, halting photosynthesis", |
| "Transmits Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV): Upward leaf curling, thickening of veins, and cup-shaped leaf-like enations on leaf underside" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at canopy height to capture adult whiteflies", |
| "Spray systemic insecticide targeting lower surface of leaves where colonies feed" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Pyriproxyfen 10% EC (Lano) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre) - insect growth regulator", |
| "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG (Token / Oshin) @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)", |
| "Or Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)", |
| "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Avoid pyrethroids which cause catastrophic whitefly resurgence!" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg seed or Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 4ml/kg", |
| "Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers (urea)", |
| "Grow CLCuV-resistant cotton hybrids" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Cotton___Bacterial_Blight": { |
| "name": "Cotton Bacterial Blight / Black Arm / Angular Leaf Spot (कपास का जीवाणु झुलसा / काला भुजा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xanthomonas axonopodis)", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Bacterial", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October; warm rainy weather (Temp 28-32°C, RH > 85%), rain splashing and high winds", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Angular water-soaked leaf spots spreading to branches", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Angular Leaf Spot: Small water-soaked polygonal spots bounded by veinlets, turning dark reddish-brown to black", |
| "Vein Blight: Bacterial necrosis spreading along main leaf veins, causing leaf drying and shedding", |
| "Black Arm: Dark purplish-black elongated sunken cankers girdling the main stem and branches; branches break easily in wind", |
| "Boll Rot: Round water-soaked spots on green bolls turning sunken black, staining lint brown and causing premature rotting" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Remove and burn severely infected branches and rotting bolls", |
| "Avoid working in wet fields to prevent spreading bacteria through clothing and tools" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of fresh cow dung supernatant (20 kg in 200L water, filtered) or Bacillus subtilis @ 3g/L", |
| "Apply Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Oxychloride 2.5g/L water", |
| "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Acid delinting of seeds with concentrated Sulfuric acid (100ml/kg fuzzy seed) followed by Streptocycline soak (1g in 10L for 2 hours)", |
| "Grow resistant cultivars: LRA-5166, Ankur-651, RCH-2 Bt" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Cotton___Grey_Mildew": { |
| "name": "Cotton Grey Mildew / Dahiya Disease (कपास का दहिया रोग / धूसर फफूंद)", |
| "scientific_name": "Ramularia areola (Ramularia gossypii)", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "October to December (late season); cool humid nights, heavy dews and dense plant canopy", |
| "economic_injury_level": "White frost-like angular patches on lower foliage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Angular, pale green to yellowish translucent spots on upper leaf surface, bounded by minor veinlets", |
| "Fluffy, white to greyish-white powdery fungal growth on the underside of leaves resembling frosted curd ('Dahiya')", |
| "Leaves turn dull reddish-brown, dry up, curl, and drop prematurely, leaving bare stalks with un-opened bolls" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray lower leaves thoroughly before defoliation advances to middle canopy"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)", "Apply Bordeaux mixture 1%"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Kresoxim Methyl 44.3% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Avoid excessive plant density; ensure proper pruning and aeration", "Plant tolerant varieties"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Cotton___Jassid": { |
| "name": "Cotton Jassid / Green Leafhopper / Hara Tela (कपास का हरा तेला / जैसिड)", |
| "scientific_name": "Amrasca biguttula biguttula", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to September (vegetative stage); warm humid conditions", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 jassids per leaf or yellowing margins on lower leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Tiny, wedge-shaped greenish-yellow insects that walk sideways on the underside of leaves", |
| "Nymphs and adults inject toxic saliva while sucking sap, causing characteristic marginal downward curling of leaves", |
| "Leaf margins turn yellowish, then rusty-red or bronze, and finally dry into necrotic brown edges ('Hopper Burn')", |
| "Leaves become cup-shaped, crinkled, brittle, and drop off, severely stunting the plant" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray systemic insecticide targeting leaf undersides"], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 10-12 per acre", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.25g/L water (4g per 16L tank; 50g/acre)", |
| "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)", |
| "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg seed (protects crop for first 40 days)", |
| "Grow hairy leaf varieties (trichomes deter jassid feeding)" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Cotton___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Cotton Crop (स्वस्थ कपास फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Gossypium hirsutum (Optimal Boll & Foliage Vigor)", |
| "crop": "Cotton (कपास)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "Kharif season; broad healthy dark-green palmate leaves, clean yellow flowers, vigorous boll setting", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Broad lush green palmate leaves free from downward curling or whitefly sooty mould", |
| "Clean yellow/cream-colored flowers with healthy red centers and zero rosette petal distortion", |
| "Abundant developing green bolls free from pink bollworm bore holes or bacterial black spots" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture and weed-free condition during first 60 days"], |
| "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK + Boron @ 1g/L at flowering to prevent flower and boll shedding"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve beneficial predators like green lacewings and spiders."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Regular pheromone trap monitoring to catch early pink bollworm flights"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Sugarcane___Red_Rot": { |
| "name": "Sugarcane Red Rot (गन्ने का लाल सड़न रोग - 'कैंसर')", |
| "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum falcatum (Glomerella tucumanensis)", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to November; waterlogging, high temperature (27-32°C), high humidity (> 90%), sett-borne pathogen", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of drying crown leaves and red internal stalk pith", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Upper third and fourth leaves of the crown turn yellow, wither, and droop down along margins, followed by drying of the entire crown", |
| "When the infected cane stalk is split longitudinally, the internal pith tissue shows bright red discolouration interrupted by distinctive white horizontal cross-bands ('White transverse patches')", |
| "Pith tissue shrinks, cavities form filled with greyish fungal mycelium, and the cane emits an acidic, alcoholic or sour-wine odor", |
| "Stalks shrivel, rind turns dull red to dark brown with prominent black acervuli spots; known as the catastrophic 'Cancer of Sugarcane'" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Uproot and burn entire clumps of affected canes immediately along with their underground stubble", |
| "Do not allow irrigation water to flow from infected patches to healthy fields", |
| "Do NOT take ratoon crop from fields affected by Red Rot" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Sett treatment before planting: Dip cane setts in Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g/L water for 30 minutes", |
| "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 5 kg/acre mixed with 2 tonnes decomposed FYM" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Mandatory Sett Treatment (no chemical curative once internal stalk pith is rotted): Dip setts in Carbendazim 50% WP (Bavistin) @ 1g/L water (or 100g in 100L water) for 15-20 minutes before planting", |
| "Or Moist Hot Air Treatment (MHAT) of setts at 54°C for 2.5 hours at 95-100% RH" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use only certified, disease-free seed canes from certified nurseries", |
| "Strict 2-3 year crop rotation with paddy or green manure crops", |
| "Plant red-rot resistant varieties: Co-0238 (monitor closely), Co-86032, Co-98014, CoLk-94184" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Sugarcane___Early_Shoot_Borer": { |
| "name": "Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer (गन्ने का अगेती तना छेदक)", |
| "scientific_name": "Chilo infuscatellus", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "March to June (early shoot/tillering stage before monsoon); hot dry weather (Temp 35-42°C, RH < 50%)", |
| "economic_injury_level": "15% dead hearts in young shoots", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Central whorl of leaves dries up into a characteristic straw-coloured 'Dead Heart' (सूखा कल्ला) in shoots under 3 months old", |
| "Dead heart can be pulled out easily, emitting an offensive foul, rotting odor from the chewed base", |
| "Small circular bore holes visible at the base of the shoot just above or below ground level", |
| "Heavy tiller mortality resulting in sparse, uneven crop stands" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Cut infested shoots at ground level and destroy larvae; provide frequent light irrigations to keep soil cool", |
| "Earth up soil around shoots (हल्की मिट्टी चढ़ाना) to bury entry holes and prevent egg deposition" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 20,000 to 25,000/acre at 10-day intervals starting from 30 days after planting", |
| "Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water or apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Soil furrow application at planting: Fipronil 0.3% G @ 10 kg/acre or Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (Ferterra) @ 7.5 kg/acre in furrows", |
| "Or spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.4ml/L water (60ml/acre in 200L water) directing spray at the base of shoots", |
| "Or Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Trash mulching: Spread sugarcane trash @ 3 tonnes/acre in furrows to conserve moisture and suppress borer emergence", |
| "Early planting in January-February to escape extreme summer heat" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Sugarcane___Pyrilla": { |
| "name": "Sugarcane Pyrilla / Leafhopper (गन्ने का पायरीला कीट)", |
| "scientific_name": "Pyrilla perpusilla", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October (post-monsoon); humid warm weather, heavy nitrogen fertilization", |
| "economic_injury_level": "3-5 nymphs/adults per leaf", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Adults and nymphs suck sap from the lower surface of leaves, turning leaves pale yellow and dried", |
| "Insects excrete copious sweet honeydew on which black sooty mould develops rapidly, turning the entire field jet black", |
| "Loss of sucrose content by 25-40% and difficulties in jaggery (gur) making with poor crystallization" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Conserve and augment the natural nymphal/adult ectoparasitoid: Epiricania melanoleuca (small white furry cocoons on leaves)", |
| "If Epiricania cocoons are present (> 1 per leaf), DO NOT SPRAY chemical insecticides!" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Release Epiricania melanoleuca cocoons @ 2,000 to 4,000 per acre or egg masses @ 200,000 to 300,000/acre", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray only when Epiricania bio-agent is absent: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Dimethoate 30% EC @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Detrash lower dry leaves to remove egg masses and allow sunlight into the canopy"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Sugarcane___Smut": { |
| "name": "Sugarcane Whip Smut (गन्ने का चाबुक कंडुवा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Sporisorium scitamineum (Ustilago scitaminea)", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Summer and early monsoon (April to July); dry hot spells favoring spore dispersion", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Presence of black whip-like structures from crown", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Central growing spindle transformed into a long, curved, black, whip-like unbranched structure ('Whip')", |
| "Whip is initially covered by a thin silvery membrane that ruptures, shedding millions of powdery black teliospores into the wind", |
| "Infected clumps produce numerous thin, grassy, erect tillers with small narrow leaves ('Grassy shoots')", |
| "Complete cane loss with zero sugar recovery from infected stalks" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Cover the black whip carefully with a polythene or canvas bag, cut at base and burn outside field to prevent spore rain", |
| "Do NOT take ratoon crops from smut-infected fields" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": ["Sett dip in Trichoderma viride @ 10g/L water for 30 minutes"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Sett treatment before planting: Dip setts in Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water or Triadimefon 25% WP @ 1g/L for 15 minutes", |
| "Or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1g/L water" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Use certified disease-free seed setts", "Plant resistant varieties: Co-86032, Co-0238"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Sugarcane___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Sugarcane Crop (स्वस्थ गन्ना फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Saccharum officinarum (Optimal Biomass & Sucrose Vigor)", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane (गन्ना)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "All seasons; thick erect juicy stalks with long broad deep-green leaves, vigorous tillering", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Vigorous upright thick canes with clean intact nodes and internodes free from bore holes or red staining", |
| "Broad deep-green leaves free from pyrilla honeydew or black sooty mould", |
| "Clean white internal pith tissue with high sugar content and healthy fibrous root system" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; timely earthing up to prevent lodging during monsoon"], |
| "organic_control": ["Apply pressmud compost @ 5 tonnes/acre and mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Regular detrashing of lower dead leaves to ensure aeration and reduce pest shelter"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| } |
| } |
|
|
