id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11300 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enacted by the 100th Congress, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act requires qualified employers that intend to carry out plant closings or mass layoffs to provide 60 days' notice to affected employees, states, and localities. The purpose of the notice to workers is to allow them to seek alterna... | [
"The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act requires qualified employers that intend to carry out plant closings or mass layoffs to provide 60 days' advance notice to affected employees, states, and localities. There are several purposes to the WARN Act. Notices provide workers with time to seek a... |
train_11301 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), finalized in December 2013, is the newest international trade agreement in the World Trade Organization (WTO), having entered into force on February 22, 2017, when two-thirds of WTO members, including the United States, ratified the multilateral agreement. Congress has an interes... | [
"The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), finalized in December 2013, is the newest international trade agreement to enter into force at the World Trade Organization (WTO), after two-thirds of WTO member countries ratified the multilateral agreement as of February 22, 2017. The TFA is important to Congress because i... |
train_11302 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the 113th Congress, legislation (H.R. 2019) became law (P.L. 113-94) eliminating Presidential Election Campaign Fund (PECF) funding for convention operations. The 2012 Democratic and Republican convention committees each received grants, financed with public funds, of approximately $18.2 million (for a total of ... | [
"Every four years, the two major political parties, and some third parties, select their presidential nominees at conventions. These conventions are run by and for parties, without a formal role for the federal government. Until recently, voluntary taxpayer designations provided certain financial support to convent... |
train_11303 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the early 1980s, there has been a historically unprecedented increase in the federal prison population. The total number of inmates under the Bureau of Prisons' (BOP) jurisdiction increased from approximately 25,000 in FY1980 to over 205,000 in FY2015. Between FY1980 and FY2013, the federal prison population incr... | [
"T he Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the largest correctional agency in the country in terms of the number of prisoners under its jurisdiction. BOP was established in 1930 to house federal inmates, professionalize the prison service, and ensure consistent and centralized administration of the federal prison system. At ... |
train_11304 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | While much attention has been focused on threats to maritime security posed by cargo container ships, terrorists could also attempt to use oil tankers to stage an attack. If they were able to place an atomic bomb in a tanker and detonate it in a U.S. port, they would cause massive destruction and might halt crude oil s... | [
"The attacks of September 11, 2001, heightened interest in port and maritime security. Much of this interest has focused on cargo container ships because of concern that terrorists could use containers to transport weapons into the United States, yet only a small fraction of the millions of cargo containers enterin... |
train_11305 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Sub-Saharan Africa ("Africa" hereafter) has been more severely affected by AIDS than any other world region. In 2007, the United Nations reports, there were about 22.5 million HIV-positive persons in Africa, which has nearly 12% of the world's population but about 68% of the global total of infected persons. The adult ... | [
"On January 31, 2008, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs announced that a markup hearing would be held on February 7, 2008 which would consider a House bill entitled The Global HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, for which no text or bill number was immediately available. On January ... |
train_11306 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Locally operated levees and the federal programs that assist and accredit them are receiving increasing congressional attention. Congressional authorization of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), expires on September 30, 2011. The pending reauthorizati... | [
"Congressional awareness of issues associated with locally owned and operated levees is increasing, largely because of the nationwide remapping of floodplains by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and efforts to reauthorize the FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which expires on September 30... |
train_11307 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Citizens United v. FEC, the Supreme Court invalidated two provisions of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), finding that they were unconstitutional under the First Amendment. The decision struck down the long-standing prohibition on corporations using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditur... | [
"In a 5-to-4 ruling, the Supreme Court in Citizens United v. F ederal Election Commission (F EC ) lifted certain restrictions on corporate independent expenditures. The decision invalidated two provisions of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), codified at 2 U.S.C. § 441b. It struck down the long-standing proh... |
train_11308 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent debates about federal funding for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and its affiliated health centers (PPAHCs) have raised questions about the services that PPAHCs provide and the availability of alternative facilities to provide similar services to disadvantaged populations. This report provid... | [
"The Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and its affiliated health centers (called Planned Parenthood Affiliated Health Centers or PPAHCs) have been topics of debate within the 114 th and 115 th Congresses. Legislation in both the 114 th and 115 th Congresses has proposed federal funding bans that would... |
train_11309 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional interest in the laws and processes involved in conditioning U.S. assistance to foreign security forces on human rights grounds has grown in recent years, especially as U.S. Administrations have increased emphasis on expanding U.S. partnerships and building partnership capacity with foreign military and ot... | [
"The increasing Department of Defense (DOD) emphasis on expanding U.S. partnerships and building partnership capacity with foreign military and other security forces has refocused congressional attention on two long-standing human rights provisions affecting U.S. security assistance policy. Sponsored in the late 19... |
train_11310 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior and related agencies appropriations bill includes funds for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for some agencies or programs withinthree other departments -- Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services. It also fundsnumerous smaller related agencies. Pres... | [
"H.R. 2691 , the FY2004 Interior and Related AgenciesAppropriations Act, was enacted into law on November 10, 2003 ( P.L. 108-108 ). The conference report had passed the House narrowly (216-205) on October 30,2003, and was approved by the Senate (87-2) on November 3, 2003. On January 23, 2004, the President signed ... |
train_11311 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 6, 2012, P.L. 112-141, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), was signed into law. Section 100121 of P.L. 112-141 provides authority for a new phased retirement option for certain federal employees. Phased retirement allows eligible, full-time employees covered by the Civil Service Reti... | [
"Section 100121 of P.L. 112-141 , the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century Act (MAP-21, enacted July 6, 2012) provides the authority for a new phased retirement option for certain employees covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS), the retire... |
train_11312 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Founded in 1961, the Peace Corps has sought to meet its legislative mandate of promoting world peace and friendship by sending American volunteers to serve at the grassroots level in villages and towns in all corners of the globe. As of the end of September 2017, about 7,376 volunteers were serving in 65 nations. In 20... | [
"Founded in 1961, the Peace Corps sends American volunteers to serve at the grassroots level in villages and towns across the globe to meet its three-point legislative mandate of promoting world peace and friendship by improving the lives of those they serve, helping others understand American culture, and sharing ... |
train_11313 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1789, Presidents have submitted 160 nominations to Supreme Court positions. Of these, 36 were not confirmed by the Senate. The 36 nominations represent 31 individuals whose names were sent forward to the Senate by Presidents (some individuals were nominated more than once). Of the 31 individuals who were not conf... | [
"The announcement by Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor of her intention to retire and the death of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist in the summer of 2005 created the need for two new Supreme Court appointments. The process for making these appointments led to three nominations to the Associate Justice positio... |
train_11314 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Chemicals and the facilities that manufacture, store, distribute, and use them are essential to the U.S. economy. However, incidents occasioned by natural disasters, unintentional events, or security threats show that the handling and storage of chemicals are not without risk. Federal agencies implement a number of pro... | [
"Chemicals and the facilities that manufacture, store, distribute, and use them are essential to the U.S. economy. However, incidents occasioned by natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, floods), unintentional events (e.g., fire, accidents), or security threats (e.g., terrorism) show that the handling an... |
train_11315 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Health care spending is one of the most rapidly growing portions of the federal budget. Projections suggest if the rapid growth in health care costs is not curtailed, governments at all levels will face an uncomfortable choice between significant cuts in other spending priorities or major tax increases. This report exa... | [
"Many analysts, policy makers, and politicians argue that the U.S. health care system would perform better if market or market-like institutions played a larger role. This view is based on the belief held by economists that markets generally work most efficiently when left alone, provided that certain conditions ar... |
train_11316 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has played an active role in U.S. policy toward Sudan for more than three decades. Efforts to support an end to the country's myriad conflicts and human rights abuses have dominated the agenda, as have counterterrorism concerns. When unified (1956-2011), Sudan was Africa's largest nation by area, bordering nin... | [
"The U.S. Congress has a long history of engagement on U.S. policy toward Sudan—since the end of apartheid in South Africa, there is no country in Africa on which Congress has focused more sustained attention. This bipartisan focus has been driven in part by diverse advocacy groups and public awareness campaigns on... |
train_11317 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Japan has expressed interest in purchasing the F-22A Raptor aircraft from the United States. Although the export of the plane is now prohibited by U.S. law, Congress has recently and may again consider repealing this ban. Arguments for the sale include potential benefits to U.S. industry, contribution to the defense of... | [
"The F-22A Raptor is the U.S. Air Force's, and according to many observers, the world's, most advanced manned combat aircraft. Developed principally to defeat Soviet aircraft in air-to-air combat, the F-22 exploits the latest developments in stealth technology to reduce detection by enemy radar, as well as thrust-v... |
train_11318 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. policymakers have considered and deliberated on several policy designs that could potentially reduce energy-related carbon emissions. In his 2011 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed the concept of a Clean Energy Standard (CES) that would result in 80% of U.S. electricity generation from clean ener... | [
"Policymakers have several options when considering legislation that would result in reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from the U.S. electricity sector. Some policy options might include a carbon tax or a carbon cap-and-trade approach. A federal clean energy standard (CES), such as that proposed in the Clea... |
train_11319 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Kelo v. City of New London , decided June 23, 2005, the Supreme Court held 5-4 that the city's condemnation of private property, to implement its area redevelopment plan aimed at invigorating a depressed economy, was a "public use" satisfying the U.S. Constitutionâeven though the property might be turned over to p... | [
"On June 23, 2005, the Supreme Court handed down Kelo v. City of New London , one of its three property rights decisions during the 2004-2005 term. In Kelo , the Court addressed the City's condemnation of private property to implement its area redevelopment plan aimed at invigorating a depressed economy. By 5-4, th... |
train_11320 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Electricity is vital to the commerce and daily functioning of United States. The modernization of the grid to accommodate today's uses is leading to the incorporation of information processing capabilities for power system controls and operations monitoring. The "Smart Grid" is the name given to the evolving electric p... | [
"Electricity is vital to the commerce and daily functioning of United States. The electrical grid of the United States consists of all the power plants generating electricity, together with the transmission and distribution lines and their associated transformers and substations which bring power to end-use custome... |
train_11321 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2009, Congress passed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act), which banned the sale of all flavored cigarettes, except menthol cigarettes, in Section 907(a)(1)(A). Indonesia, a major producer of clove cigarettes, challenged the Tobacco Control Act's ban on non-menthol flavored ci... | [
"In an effort to curb youth smoking, Section 907(a)(1)(A) of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act) banned all flavorings in cigarettes except menthol. The ban took effect three months after the Tobacco Control Act became law. This ban was in response to the burgeoning market fo... |
train_11322 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), eight agencies are designated components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are funded primarily with annual discretionary appropriations. They also receive significant amounts of funding from other sources including mandatory funds from t... | [
"The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has designated 8 of its 11 operating divisions (agencies) as components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The PHS agencies are (1) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), (3) th... |
train_11323 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Approximately 26,000 state-approved teacher preparation programs are in operation across the United States. Among these, about 70% are traditional teacher preparation programs—that is, they are contained within schools of education at institutions of higher education (IHEs). Of the remaining, alternative routes to teac... | [
"Quite commonly, reports on elementary and secondary school teachers begin with the rather obvious notion that the quality of instruction is critical to student learning. Decades of federal policymaking have been built on the premise that good pre-service preparation is an effective route to quality teaching and, u... |
train_11324 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President's FY2008 federal budget request, released February 5, 2007, included $647.2 billion in new budget authority for national defense including $483.2 billion for the regular operations of the Department of Defense (DOD), $141.8 billion for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, $17.4 billion for the nuc... | [
"On January 22, the Senate passed H.R. 4986 , a revised version of H.R. 1585 , the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act, thus clearing the bill for the President, who had vetoed the original version of the bill on December 28. The President vetoed the initial version because of one section which would allow vi... |
train_11325 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) convenes for the 21st time (COP21) in Paris, France, from November 29 to December 11, 2015. The United States ratified the UNFCCC in 1992. Accordingly, the United States and the other 195 UNFCCC Parties already hav... | [
"N ational delegations from more than 190 countries and the European Union will gather in Paris, France, on November 29, 2015, to try to negotiate an agreement to address climate change. They have set for themselves a deadline of December 11 to adopt \"an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applica... |
train_11326 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148) was signed into law on March 23, 2010. The law comprises numerous provisions in 10 titles. The provisions in Titles I-VIII largely relate to how health care in the United States is financed, organized, and delivered. Title IX contains revenue provisions... | [
"T he Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 ) was signed into law on March 23, 2010. On March 30, 2010, the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA; P.L. 111-152 ) was signed into law, which included new provisions and amended several ACA provisions. Collectively, the laws compri... |
train_11327 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The General Education Provisions Act (GEPA) contains a broad array of statutory provisions that are applicable to the majority of federal education programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), as well as provisions related to the powers and responsibilities of ED. While these provisions cover topics ... | [
"The General Education Provisions Act (GEPA) contains statutory provisions that are applicable to the majority of federal education programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED), as well as provisions related to the powers and responsibilities of ED. GEPA was originally enacted as Title IV of the E... |
train_11328 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federally supported child nutrition programs/initiatives and the Special SupplementalNutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (the WIC program) reach more than 39million children and 2 million lower-income pregnant/ postpartum women. In FY2006,spending on them is anticipated to be $18.4 billion, supported by ... | [
"Child nutrition programs and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program forWomen, Infants, and Children (the WIC program) provide cash, commodity, and otherassistance (including nutrition services and food packages in the WIC program) under threemajor federal laws: the National School Lunch Act (originally enacted... |
train_11329 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations (U.N.) has undergone numerous reforms as international stakeholders seek ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the U.N. system. During the past two decades, controversies such as corruption in the Iraq Oil-For-Food Program, allegations of sexual abuse by... | [
"United Nations (U.N.) reform is an ongoing policy issue for the United States, and may continue to be an area of focus during the 114 th Congress. As the single largest financial contributor to the U.N. system, the U.S. government has an interest in ensuring the United Nations operates as efficiently and effective... |
train_11330 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994, establishing a free trade area as part of a comprehensive economic and trade agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. President Trump has repeatedly stated that he intends to either renegotiate or withdraw from NAFTA. I... | [
"T he North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994 ( P.L. 103-182 ), establishing a free trade area as part of a comprehensive economic and free trade agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Although some industries may have reduced their U.S. operations, in gener... |
train_11331 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 112th Congress, in both its legislative and oversight roles, confronts numerous issues that affect the trade and economic relationship between the United States and the European Union (EU). As U.S.-EU commercial interactions drive significant job creation on both sides of the Atlantic, Congress is monitoring ongoin... | [
"The United States and the European Union (EU) share a large, dynamic, and mutually beneficial economic relationship. Not only are trade and investment ties between the two partners huge in absolute terms, but the relative importance of bilateral trade and investment flows for each partner has remained high and rel... |
train_11332 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recently there has been significant congressional interest in compensation of the federal civilian workforce. The increased interest has been driven at least in part by budgetary pressure and in part by the state of the economy since the recession began in 2007. Issues related to the compensation of federal employees o... | [
"In recent years, there has been significant congressional interest in compensation of the federal workforce. The increased interest has been driven at least in part by the federal fiscal situation and in part by the state of the economy since the recession began in 2007. Issues related to the compensation of feder... |
train_11333 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), a bureau of the Department of Commerce, is the executive branch's principal advisory office on domestic and international telecommunications and information policies. Its mandate is to provide greater access for all Americans to telecommunications s... | [
"The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is a bureau in the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC). The NTIA frequently works with other executive branch agencies to develop and present the Administration's position on key policy matters. It represents the executive branch in both domestic ... |
train_11334 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) estimates that without a servicing mission to replace key components, the Hubble Space Telescope will cease scientific operations in 2008. In January 2004, then-NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe announced that the space shuttle would no longer be used to service Hu... | [
"NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990 aboard the space shuttle Discovery . Unlike other NASA space telescopes, Hubble was designed to be serviced regularly by astronauts. That design proved fortuitous when it was discovered that Hubble had a defective mirror that produced blurry images. Astronauts on th... |
train_11335 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There has been a long-running controversy about the fate of certain U.S. prisoners of war (POWs) and servicemembers missing in action (MIAs) as a result of various U.S. military operations. While few people familiar with the issue feel that any Americans are still being held against their will in communist countries as... | [
"In early September 2005, another Navy report on the status of 1991 Gulf War Navy pilot Lt. Cdr. Michael Scott Speicher was completed. It reiterated conclusions reached in earlier studies that he could well have been captured; that there was no specific evidence of his death; and that some former members—they were ... |
train_11336 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report presents an overview of proposed and enacted FY2012 appropriations legislation. The report consists primarily of a table showing discretionary appropriations, by bill title, for each of the proposed and enacted appropriations bills, together with the comparable figures enacted for FY2011. The product is int... | [
"As of December 23, 2011, Congress completed action on and the President signed into law all 12 of the regular appropriations bills for FY2012, which began on October 1, 2011. Regular appropriations bills were consolidated into two laws, P.L. 112-55 and P.L. 112-74 . In addition, Congress enacted supplemental FY201... |
train_11337 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Conscience clause laws allow medical providers to refuse to provide services to which they have religious or moral objections. In some cases, these laws are designed to excuse such providers from performing abortions. While substantive conscience clause legislation, such as the Abortion Non-Discrimination Act, has not ... | [
"Conscience clause laws allow medical providers to refuse to provide services to which they have religious or moral objections. These laws are generally designed to reconcile \"the conflict between religious health care providers who provide care in accordance with their religious beliefs and the patients who want ... |
train_11338 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some policymakers have expressed renewed interest in school resource officers (SROs) as a result of the December 2012 mass shooting that occurred at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, CT. SROs are sworn law enforcement officers who are assigned to work in schools. For FY2014, the Administration requested $150 mil... | [
"Schools have a mission of great importance to our nation—they are responsible for keeping our children safe while educating them and helping prepare them to be responsible and productive citizens. The December 14, 2012, shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, CT, that claimed the lives of 20 children ... |
train_11339 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Railroad Retirement Board (RRB), an independent federal agency, administers retirement, survivor, disability, unemployment, and sickness insurance for railroad workers and their families. Railroad retirement payroll taxes include two tiers—Tier I and Tier II taxes. The Tier I tax finances the Tier I railroad retire... | [
"The Railroad Retirement Act authorizes retirement, survivor, and disability benefits for railroad workers and their families. The Railroad Retirement Board (RRB), an independent federal agency, administers these benefits. Workers covered by the RRB include those employed by railroads engaged in interstate commerce... |
train_11340 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Even Start program provides education and related services jointly to parents lacking a high school diploma (or equivalent) and their young children. Even Start services include basic academic instruction and parenting skills training for the adults, and early childhood education for their children, along with nece... | [
"The Even Start Family Literacy program, authorized by ESEA Title I, Part B, provides education and related services jointly to disadvantaged parents and their young children. The purpose of the program is to integrate early childhood education, adult basic education, and parenting skills education into a \"unified... |
train_11341 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the recovery from the recession of December 2007-June 2009 continues, congressional interest in multifamily and commercial mortgages has shifted from worries about the immediate impact of foreclosures to consideration of the future of mortgage finance. During the recession, losses on mortgages raised concerns about ... | [
"Any mortgage, be it on a single-family house, a multifamily building, a commercial building, or a farm, is a loan that is to be repaid over an agreed period of time, at a specified interest rate, that pledges the structure as collateral. This report concentrates on multifamily and commercial mortgages. It examines... |
train_11342 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Obama, in an Earth Day speech, addressed the linkage between the problems he associated with U.S. reliance on imported oil and the importance of a future based more on alternative energy sources. These problems could be partially addressed by reducing what the Administration sees as favorable treatment of the... | [
"In an Earth Day speech, President Obama linked the importance of winning the technological race to develop clean energy sources with the economic problems associated with U.S. dependence on oil. The President said that the federal deficit, the trade deficit, as well as global warming, were all related to U.S. depe... |
train_11343 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Pakistan is a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministe... | [
"A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Military regimes have ruled Pakista... |
train_11344 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | National Security Letters (NSLs) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Various intelligence agencies use them to demand certain customer information from communications providers, financial institutions, and consumer credit reporting agencies under the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Fair Credit Repor... | [
"National Security Letters (NSLs) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Intelligence agencies issue them for intelligence gathering purposes to telephone companies, Internet service providers, consumer credit reporting agencies, banks, and other financial institutions, directing the recipients to turn... |
train_11345 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Early on the morning on October 7, 2004, a conference agreement on the FY2005 defenseauthorization bill ( H.R. 4200 ) was announced. The House approved the conferenceagreement by a vote of 359-14 on October 8, and the Senate approved it by unanimous consent onOctober 9. The President signed the bill into law ( P.L. 108... | [
"Early in the morning on October 7, 2004, a conference agreement on the FY2005 defenseauthorization bill ( H.R. 4200 ) was announced. The House approved the conferencereport (by a vote of 359-14) on October 8, and the Senate approved it (by unanimous consent) onOctober 9. The President signed the bill into law ( P.... |
train_11346 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report tracks action by the 106th Congress on FY2001 appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, andState, the Judiciary, and other related agencies (often referred to as CJS appropriations). P.L. 106-113 appropriated $39.6 billion for these agencies for FY2000. President Clinton's FY2001 budget reque... | [
"On February 7, 2000, President Clinton submitted the FY2001 budget request for appropriations for theDepartments ofCommerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and related agencies. The House Appropriations Committee approveditsversion of the bill on June 14, 2000 ( H.R. 4690 , H.Rept. 106-680 ). The bill was passe... |
train_11347 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) is available to assist Senators in their official duties. The allowance is provided on a fiscal year basis (i.e., October 1-September 30). Funding is provided in the annual legislative branch appropriations bills. Senators have a high degree of flexib... | [
"C ongressional office spending has been a regular topic of interest to Members of Congress, constituents, academics, interest groups, and media organizations. Members must choose how to allocate official funds and organize their offices and staff in a way to best represent their constituents. Media reports and int... |
train_11348 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and the other 153 members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been conducting a set or "round" of negotiations called the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) since the end of 2001. The DDA's main objective is to refine and expand the rules by which WTO members conduct foreign trade with one another. ... | [
"The United States and the other 153 members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been engaged in a set or \"round\" of negotiations called the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) since December 2001. The DDA's main objective is to refine and expand the rules by which WTO members conduct foreign trade with one anot... |
train_11349 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Foreign nationals seeking asylum must demonstrate a well-founded fear that if returned home, they will be persecuted based upon one of five characteristics: race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Foreign nationals arriving or present in the United States may apply fo... | [
"Comprehensive refugee reform legislation, the Refugee Protection Act of 2011 ( S. 1202 / H.R. 2185 ), would make significant revisions to asylum policy. Senate Committee on the Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy and House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement Ranking Member Zo... |
train_11350 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report tracks action by the 107th Congress on FY2002 appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and other relatedagencies (often referred to as CJS appropriations). President Bush's FY2002 budget request totals $40.81 billion,about one billion dollars (2.6%) above theFY2001 ... | [
"Division abbreviations: ALD = American Law Division; G&F = Government and Finance Division; RSI = Resources, Science, and Industry Division, DSP =Domestic Social Policy Division; FDT = Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. The CJS conferees met on November 8, 2001 and agreed to a total budget authority (af... |
train_11351 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Paragraph 1(b) of Senate Rule XIX—commonly known as the Pastore rule, after its author, former Rhode Island Senator John Pastore—requires Senate floor debate to be germane during specific periods of a Senate work day. The rule has been enforced sporadically since its adoption in 1964. In current practice, the germanene... | [
"Under the rules and precedents of the Senate, debate on the Senate floor is largely unrestricted. In most cases, once recognized, a Senator may speak without time limit and on almost any subject of his or her choosing. Paragraph 1(b) of Senate Rule XIX, however—commonly known as the Pastore rule, after its author,... |
train_11352 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1970, Congress enacted legislation directing the President to promulgate oil spill prevention and response regulations. This presidential authority was delegated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by President Nixon in 1970. In 1973, EPA issued Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulatio... | [
"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulations include requirements for facilities subject to the regulations to prevent, prepare, and respond to oil discharges that may reach U.S. navigable waters or adjoining shorelines. Requirements include secondary c... |
train_11353 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the Sahel region weathers another year of drought and poor harvests, the political and security situation in Chad remains volatile, compounding a worsening humanitarian situation in which some 2 million Chadians are at risk of hunger. In the western Sahelian region of the country, the World Food Program warns that a... | [
"Chad, a landlocked country roughly twice the size of Texas, has had a turbulent history of religious and ethnic conflict and intermittent civil war in its 50 years of independence. Bordered by Libya to the north and Sudan to the east, it is considered to be among the world's 10 poorest countries, according to the ... |
train_11354 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Beginning with the Improving America's Schools Act in 1994, and continuing through the Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), the authorization of special forms of flexibility for grantees has been a focus of federal K-12 education legislation. These flexibility a... | [
"Beginning with adoption of the Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) in 1994 ( P.L. 103-382 ), and continuing through enactment of the Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 ( P.L. 106-25 ) and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB, P.L. 107-110 ), the authorization of special forms of flexibility for... |
train_11355 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP) as a voluntary complement to its regulatory program known as the Clean Power Plan (CPP). The goal of the CPP is to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from existing fossil-fuel-fired electric power plants, wh... | [
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP) as a voluntary complement to its regulatory program known as the Clean Power Plan (CPP). The CEIP is intended to promote early reductions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions before the CPP is scheduled to take effe... |
train_11356 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As Congress debates comprehensive immigration reform and its component parts of immigration control (i.e., border security and interior enforcement), legal reform (i.e., temporary and permanent admissions), and the resolution of unauthorized alien residents, concerns arise over the capacity of the Department of Homelan... | [
"Foreign nationals not legally residing in the United States who wish to come to the United States generally must obtain a visa to be admitted. Under current law, two departments—the Department of State (DOS) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—each play key roles in administering the law and policies on ... |
train_11357 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Small Business Act for Europe (2008) is not an act, per se, as understood in the United States. It is a European Commission initiative, endorsed by the Council of the European Union, that provides 10 "guiding principles" to promote the growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe (e.g., "Create an... | [
"This report examines the Small Business Act for Europe (2008), which was adopted by the European Commission and endorsed by the Council of the European Union during the \"Great Recession\" of 2008-2009. The recession affected many nations across the world, and it hit many European countries particularly hard. For ... |
train_11358 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the Revenue Act of 1943, a special $500 income tax deduction was first permitted the blind for expenses directly associated with readers and guides. This deduction for expenses evolved to a $600 personal exemption in the Revenue Act of 1948 so that the blind did not forfeit use of the standard deduction and so that ... | [
"Federal income tax laws provide certain allowances for the blind, the most important of which is the additional standard deduction amount allowed to legally blind taxpayers. Other special tax allowances are included in other provisions of the law, such as the exception from the 2% floor for deducting employee busi... |
train_11359 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 9/11 Commission found that al Qaeda operatives exploited known weaknesses in U.S.aviation security to carry out the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. While legislation andadministration actions after September 11, 2001 were implemented to strengthen aviation security,the 9/11 Commission concluded that severa... | [
"The National Commission on Terrorists Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11Commission) found that al Qaeda terrorists exploited weaknesses in the aviation security system tocarry out the attacks of September 11, 2001. Weaknesses in aviation security exploited by the 9/11terrorists included A pre-screening proce... |
train_11360 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House and Senate both require that a conference report be signed by a majority of House conferees and a majority of Senate conferees. When some conferees are appointed only for limited purposes, the two chambers have different ways of counting to determine whether the conferees' report carries sufficient signatures... | [
"A valid conference report must carry the signatures of a majority of the conferees appointed by each chamber. House precedents state that \"to be valid in the House, a conference report must be signed by a majority of the managers of the House and by a majority of the managers of the Senate.\" Similarly, Senate pr... |
train_11361 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In disputes between Congress and the executive, questions arise about Congress's ability to turn to the federal courts for vindication of its powers and prerogatives, or for declarations that the executive is in violation of the law or the Constitution. This report seeks to provide an overview of Congress's ability to ... | [
"In disputes between Congress and the executive, questions arise about Congress's ability to turn to the federal courts to vindicate its powers and prerogatives or for declarations that the executive is in violation of the law or the Constitution. This report seeks to provide an overview of Congress's ability to pa... |
train_11362 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 27, 2002, the President signed into law the Bipartisan Campaign ReformAct of 2002 (BCRA), P.L. 107-155 (H.R. 2356, 107th Cong.), which was also known as the McCain-Feingold campaign finance reformlegislation prior to enactment. Most provisions of the new law became effective onNovember 6, 2002. Shortly after P... | [
"RS21511 -- Campaign Finance: Brief Overview of District Court Opinion in McConnell v.FEC Updated May 19, 2003 On March 27, 2002, the President signed into law the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), P.L. 107-155 ( H.R. 2356 , 107th Cong.), and most provisions of thenew law became effective on November 6... |
train_11363 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has played a leading role in global efforts to alleviate hunger and improve food security. U.S. international food assistance programs provide support through two distinct methods: (1) in-kind aid, which ships U.S. commodities to regions in need, and (2) cash-based assistance, which provides recipient... | [
"The United States has played a leading role in global efforts to alleviate hunger and improve food security. Current food assistance programs originated in 1954 with the passage of what is now named the Food for Peace Act (FFPA, P.L. 83-480). This legislation, commonly referred to as \"P.L. 480,\" established the ... |
train_11364 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Forest Service (FS, in the U.S. Department of Agriculture) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are the two primary federal entities tasked with wildland fire management activities. Federal wildland fire management includes activities such as preparedness, suppression, fuel reduction, and site rehabilitation, a... | [
"W ildfire (or wildland fire), an unplanned and unwanted fire, can have beneficial and harmful impacts on human, historical, cultural, and ecological resources. Wildfires can damage timber resources and soils and degrade water quality and watershed functions. Wildfires can also damage communities, destroy homes, an... |
train_11365 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The ability to gather accurate and timely information on enemy forces is an essential enabler of modern military operations. The growing use of precision guided munitions (PGMs) which candestroy specific targets without extensive collateral damage depends upon the availability of preciseinformation. No single platform ... | [
"The ability to gather accurate and timely information on enemy forces is an essential enabler of modern military operations. Joint Vision 2010 , the Pentagon's \"conceptual template...to achievenew levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting\" specifically highlights the importance of achievinginformation dominan... |
train_11366 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many in Congress have expressed a continuing interest in improving energy efficiency and increasing the use of renewable energy. To facilitate investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy at federal facilities, Congress established alternative financing methods that utilize private sector resources and capabili... | [
"The federal government is the largest energy consumer in the United States, and it is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. Policymakers have highlighted the role of energy efficiency improvement in the federal sector as a mechanism to reduce energy consumption and its associated costs. Many Members of... |
train_11367 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For most of the last 20 years, some water contractors in California have received less than their full contract water supplies from federal and state facilities. Although such allocations are in part the result of the prior appropriation doctrine in western water law and are consistent with the expectation of a "junior... | [
"On February 16, 2012, the House Natural Resources Committee ordered reported H.R. 1837 , the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Water Reliability Act. The bill aims to address water shortages experienced by some California state and federal water contractors, shortages that sponsors attribute to implementation of the C... |
train_11368 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has in the past enacted legislation providing authority for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to treat certain veterans for specific medical conditions resulting from their exposure to certain toxic substances or environmental hazards while on active military duty. In the 1980s, officials at Camp Lejeune... | [
"The Honoring America's Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012 ( H.R. 1627 , P.L. 112-154 , enacted on August 6, 2012) is an \"omnibus\" bill containing a number of provisions impacting various veterans programs. P.L. 112-154 reflects a compromise agreement by the House and Senate Committees on V... |
train_11369 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Public interest in the means by which the government may collect telephone call records has been raised by revelations in recent years regarding alleged intelligence activity by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). According to a USA Today article from May 11, 2006, the NSA ... | [
"Public interest in the means by which the government may collect telephone call records has been raised by revelations in recent years regarding alleged intelligence activity by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). According to a USA Today article from May 11, 2006, the... |
train_11370 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Each new House elects a Speaker by roll call vote when it first convenes. Customarily, the conference of each major party nominates a candidate whose name is placed in nomination. A Member normally votes for the candidate of his or her own party conference but may vote for any individual, whether nominated or not. To b... | [
"The traditional practice of the House is to elect a Speaker by roll call vote upon first convening after a general election of Representatives. Customarily, the conference of each major party in the House selects a candidate whose name is formally placed in nomination before the roll call. A Member may vote for on... |
train_11371 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97; P.L. 105-33) established the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) under a new Title XXI of the Social Security Act and provided annual appropriations for CHIP through FY2007. The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA, H.R. 2, P.L. 11... | [
"The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97; P.L. 105-33 ) established the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) under a new Title XXI of the Social Security Act and provided annual appropriations for CHIP through FY2007. The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA, H.R. 2 , ... |
train_11372 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides benefits to nonelderly workers and their eligible dependents if the worker paid Social Security taxes for a certain number of years and is unable to perform substantial work due to a qualifying impairment. As in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI)—the retirement c... | [
"Lawmakers and the public have expressed increasing concern over the solvency of the Disability Insurance (DI) trust fund, from which Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits are paid. Until recently, the DI trust fund was projected to be depleted in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2016, at which ti... |
train_11373 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term "burrowing in" is sometimes used to describe an employment status conversion whereby an individual transfers from a federal appointed (noncareer) position to a career position in the executive branch. Critics of such conversions note that they often occur during the transitional period in which the outgoing Ad... | [
"Some individuals, who are serving in appointed (noncareer) positions in the executive branch, convert to career positions in the competitive service, the Senior Executive Service (SES), or the excepted service. This practice, commonly referred to as \"burrowing in,\" is permissible when laws and regulations govern... |
train_11374 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The blue-slip process had its genesis in the Senate tradition of senatorial courtesy. Under thisinformal custom, the Senate would refuse to confirm a nomination unless the nominee had beenapproved by the home-state Senators of the President's party. The Senate Committee on theJudiciary created the blue slip (so called ... | [
"The Judiciary Committee's blue-slip policy has been a central component in its confirmationof judicial nominations. For a large portion of its history, the blue slip gave Senators the ability todetermine the fate of their home-state judicial nominations. If a home-state Senator had no objectionto a nominee, a blue... |
train_11375 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The development of offshore oil, gas, and other mineral resources in the United States is impacted by a number of interrelated legal regimes, including international, federal, and state laws. International law provides a framework for establishing national ownership or control of offshore areas, and domestic federal la... | [
"T he development of offshore oil, gas, and other mineral resources in the United States is shaped by a number of interrelated legal regimes, including international, federal, and state laws. International law provides a framework for establishing national ownership or control of offshore areas, and U.S. domestic l... |
train_11376 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1996, Congress enacted comprehensive reform of the nation's statutory and regulatory framework for telecommunications by passing the Telecommunications Act, which substantially amended the 1934 Communications Act. The general objective of the 1996 Act was to open up markets to competition by removing unnecessary reg... | [
"A comprehensive statutory framework for U.S. communications policy, covering telecommunications and broadcasting, was first created in the Communications Act of 1934 (\"1934 Act\"). That act created the Federal Communications Commission (\"FCC\" or \"Commission\") to implement and administer the economic regulatio... |
train_11377 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Export Clause, found in Article I, Section 9, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution, directly states "No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State." The Clause represents one of the few restrictions on Congress's otherwise broad taxing power. Examples of taxes that have been found unconstitutional a... | [
"The Export Clause states that \"No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.\" The clause is perhaps among the lesser-known provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Nonetheless, it is an important one for Congress because it is one of the few limitations on Congress's taxing power. The Clause's pr... |
train_11378 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A growing number of U.S. physicians are combining their practices; affiliating with hospitals, insurance companies, and specialty management firms; or going to work directly for such organizations. The moves are part of a broader trend toward consolidation in health care, with the overall number of mergers and acquisit... | [
"Most Americans enter the health care system through their local physician's office, which is the setting for 84% of primary care visits. Historically, physicians have operated in what the American Medical Association and others have called a \"cottage industry\" of small or solo practices around the country. Even ... |
train_11379 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prescription drugs often cost far more in the United States than in other countries. Some consumers have attempted to import medications from abroad in order to realize cost savings. The practice of importing prescription drugs outside the distribution channels established by the brand-name drug company is commonly ter... | [
"The pricing of prescription drugs has become a significant concern for many U.S. consumers. As spending on health care has risen in recent years, so too has consumer interest in purchasing more affordable medications. Overseas markets provide one possible source of less costly prescription drugs. Some comparative ... |
train_11380 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides benefits to nonelderly workers with certain disabilities and their eligible dependents. As in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI)—Social Security's retirement program—SSDI benefits are based on a worker's past earnings. To qualify, individuals must have worked and... | [
"Concern among some Members of Congress and the public over the financial sustainability of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program has grown. Under current law, the Federal Disability Insurance (DI) Trust Fund—which finances the benefits and administrative costs of the SSDI program—is projected to ... |
train_11381 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | P.L. 107-296, the Homeland Security Act, consolidated some research and development (R&D) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). For FY2007, Congress appropriated an R&D budget (excluding management/procurement) totaling about $1.0 billion, about 22% less than FY2006, and representing the first decline in DHS's ... | [
"Federal agency funding for homeland security R&D was requested at about $5.1 billion for FY2007, about the same amount as in FY2005 and FY2006. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) reports that the top three agency supporters are the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), specifi... |
train_11382 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Most federal employees (59.8%) are paid on the General Schedule, a pay scale that consists of 15 pay grades in which an employee's pay increases are to be based on performance and length of service. Some Members of Congress, citizens, and public administration scholars have argued that federal employee pay advancement ... | [
"As of June 2009, the General Schedule (GS) covered roughly 59.8% of federal employees. The GS contains 15 pay grades, each of which is divided into 10 steps. The higher an employee's grade and step, the higher his or her pay. Federal employees rise within grades in the GS pay scale based on performance and length ... |
train_11383 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The VH-71 program is intended to provide 23 new presidential helicopters to replace the current fleet of 19 aging presidential helicopters. As part of its proposed FY2010 Department of Defense (DOD) budget, the Administration proposed terminating the VH-71 program in response to substantial cost growth and schedule del... | [
"The VH-71 program is intended to provide 23 new presidential helicopters to replace the current fleet of 19 aging presidential helicopters. As part of its proposed FY2010 Department of Defense (DOD) budget, the Administration proposed terminating the VH-71 program in response to substantial cost growth and schedul... |
train_11384 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 6, 2018, the John S. McCain III, Daniel K. Akaka, and Samuel R. Johnson VA Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks Act of 2018, or the VA MISSION Act of 2018 (S. 2372; P.L. 115-182; H.Rept. 115-671), was signed into law. The Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities ... | [
"Policymakers and other stakeholders may hold a variety of views regarding the appropriate role of the private sector in meeting the health care needs of eligible veterans. Some believe that the best course for veterans is to provide all needed care in facilities under the direct jurisdiction of the Department of V... |
train_11385 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A number of policy issues have direct or indirect consequences for the nonprofit and charitable sector, including the establishment of a social innovation initiative, changes in the tax treatment of charitable donations, responses to the economic downturn, and health care reform. The nonprofit and charitable sector rep... | [
"As this report illustrates, the nonprofit and charitable sector represents a significant, highly diverse component of the U.S. economy. Currently, there are a number of policy issues that could affect, either directly or indirectly, the structure and functioning of nonprofit and charitable organizations. President... |
train_11386 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The issue of expanding intellectual property protections for geographical indicationsforwines, spirits, and agricultural products is being debated in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Geographicalindications areimportant in international trade because they are commercially valuable. Some European and developing count... | [
"RS21569 -- Geographical Indications and WTO Negotiations July 14, 2003 The Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) defines geographical indications as\"indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that ter... |
train_11387 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A pit is the plutonium core of a thermonuclear weapon. Imploding it with conventional explosives provides the energy to detonate the rest of the weapon. The Rocky Flats Plant made up to 2,000 pits per year (ppy) through 1989; since then, the United States has made 29 pits for the stockpile. Yet the FY2015 National Defe... | [
"This is the third in a series of CRS reports on pit manufacturing. A \"pit\" is the core of the primary stage of a thermonuclear weapon. Its key ingredient is weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu), which is composed mainly of the fissile isotope plutonium-239 (Pu-239) along with small quantities of other plutonium isotop... |
train_11388 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 18, 2015, Congress passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (H.R. 2029), which was signed by the President and became P.L. 114-113. Included in P.L. 114-113 is a provision that repeals Section 103 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA; P.L. 94-163), which directs the President to p... | [
"In the wake of the 1973 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) embargo of oil shipments to the United States, and during an era of U.S. oil price controls, Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA; P.L. 94-163 ), which included a provision directing the President to ... |
train_11389 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the wake of a rapidly deteriorating economic picture and year-long recession that the Congressional Budget Office has called the most severe since World War II, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5). This report discusses ARRA's "general oversight provisions" and sever... | [
"In the wake of a rapidly deteriorating economic picture and year-long recession that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has called the most severe since World War II, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). This report discusses ARRA's \"general oversight provisions\" and seve... |
train_11390 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Justice John Paul Stevens played a pivotal role in determining the scope of executive-branch power in a post-9/11 world. After 9/11, Congress quickly authorized the Executive to respond to the terrorist attacks using military force. Difficult legal questions emerged from the consequences of the ensuing military actions... | [
"Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Congress authorized the President's use of \"all necessary and appropriate force\" against those \"nations, organizations, or persons\" who \"planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks.\" As a result of subsequent military action, particularly in Afghanista... |
train_11391 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Chief of Mission," or COM, is the title conferred on the principal officer in charge of each U.S. diplomatic mission to a foreign country, foreign territory, or international organization. Usually the term refers to the U.S. ambassadors who lead U.S. embassies abroad, but the term also is used for ambassadors who head... | [
"In recent years, congressional attention has been drawn to the roles and responsibilities of U.S. ambassadors who serve as Chiefs of Mission in U.S. embassies abroad. The death of Ambassador Christopher Stevens in Benghazi, Libya, in September 2012 highlighted the dangers that ambassadors may encounter as the fron... |
train_11392 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has long held to the principle that it will not return a foreign national to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened. This principle is embodied in several provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), most notably in provisions defining refugees and asylees. Aliens seeking ... | [
"The United States has long held to the principle that it will not return a foreign national to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened. This principle is embodied in several provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), most notably in provisions defining refugees and asylees. Aliens see... |
train_11393 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the judiciary, the District of Columbia, and more than two dozen independent agencies. Among those independent agencies are the General Services Admi... | [
"The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the judiciary, the District of Columbia, and more than two dozen independent agencies. For each title of the regular FSGG appropriations bill, T... |
train_11394 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Arsenal Act (10 U.S.C. §4532) requires the Secretary of the Army to have all supplies needed by the Army to be made in government-owned factories or arsenals if this can be accomplished "on an economical basis." It also grants the Secretary the authority to "abolish any United States arsenal that he considers unnec... | [
"In 1794, Congress granted President George Washington the authority to establish national arsenals to arm of the new United States Army with domestically produced weapons. In 1853, Congress gave the Secretary of War (the predecessor to the Secretary of the Army) the authority to abolish any arsenal that he deemed ... |
train_11395 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) is a multilateral agreement codifying consular practices originally governed by customary practice and bilateral agreements between States. Pursuant to Article 36 of the VCCR, when a foreign national of a signatory State is arrested or otherwise detained, appropriate a... | [
"Pursuant to Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR), when a foreign national of a signatory State is arrested or otherwise detained, appropriate authorities within the receiving signatory State must inform him \"without delay\" of his right to have his consulate notified. In the consolidat... |
train_11396 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Central American nation of Panama has had five successive elected civilian governments since its return to democratic rule in 1989, and a sixth is scheduled to assume power on July 1, 2014 with the inauguration of current Vice President Juan Carlos Varela as President. Hailing from the center-right Panameñista Part... | [
"A Central American nation with a population of about 3.8 million, Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the December 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the military regime of General Manuel Antonio Noriega from power. The intervention was the culmination of two and a half years of ... |
train_11397 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Extradition" is the formal surrender of a person by a State to another State for prosecution or punishment. Extradition to or from the United States is a creature of treaty. The United States has extradition treaties with over a hundred nations, although there are many countries with which it has no extradition treaty... | [
"\"'Extradition' is the formal surrender of a person by a State to another State for prosecution or punishment.\" Extradition to or from the United States is a creature of treaty. The United States has extradition treaties with over a hundred of the nations of the world, although there are many with which the Unite... |
train_11398 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government has historically supported the open publication of federally funded research results. In cases where such results presented a challenge to national security concerns, several mechanisms have been employed. For fundamental research results, the federal policy has been to use classification to limi... | [
"Publication of scientific research results that might be used by terrorist groups has led some policymakers to question whether the method used to control scientific research results, namely classification, should be revisited. The Administration, legislators, and scientific professional societies are reexamining ... |
train_11399 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2000 elections resulted in a Senate composed of 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats. Not since the Senate of 1881 (37 Republicans, 37 Democrats, and two Independents) had the two major parties been equally represented. An historic powersharing agreement, worked out by the party floor leaders in consultation with their ... | [
"Twice during the 107 th Congress, the Senate had to address fundamental organizational questions. First, the 2000 senatorial elections produced a tied Senate, necessitating the negotiation of a \"powersharing agreement\" to govern many aspects of committee and floor activities. Then, the decision of Senator James ... |
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