id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11400 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In November 2003, the Administration notified Congress that it intended to beginnegotiations on a free-trade agreement (FTA) with four Andean countries - Colombia, Peru,Ecuador, and Bolivia. The notification said that an FTA would reduce and eliminate foreign barriersto trade and investment and would support democracy ... | [
"The Andean-U.S. free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations began in May 2004, when theUnited States, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador participated in the first round of talks, with Boliviaparticipating as an observer. After thirteen rounds of talks, however, negotiators failed to reach anagreement. Peru decided to continu... |
train_11401 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal white-collar employees are to receive an annual pay adjustment and a locality-based comparability payment, effective in January of each year, under Section 529 of P.L. 101-509 , theFederal Employees Pay Comparability Act (FEPCA) of 1990. In January 2004, they received a 1.5%annual pay adjustment and a 0.5% loca... | [
"In January 2004, federal white-collar employees received a 1.5% annual pay adjustment anda 0.5% locality-based comparability payment under Executive Order 13322, issued by PresidentGeorge Bush on December 30, 2003. (1) A larger payadjustment of 4.1% for 2004 was included inthe conference agreement for the Consolid... |
train_11402 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With today's large federal deficit, some Members of Congress have become interested in institutional mechanisms that Congress has used in the past in attempts to address one component of this issue—federal spending. One mechanism that has drawn interest is the Joint Committee on Reduction of Non-Essential Federal Expen... | [
"With the large federal deficit, some Members of Congress have become interested in institutional mechanisms that Congress has used in the past in attempts to address one component of this issue—federal spending. One of the mechanisms that has drawn interest is the Joint Committee on Reduction of Non-Essential Fede... |
train_11403 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | From an environmental quality standpoint, much of the interest in animal agriculture has focused on impacts on water resources, because animal waste, if not properly managed, can harm water quality through surface runoff, direct discharges, spills, and leaching into soil and groundwater. A more recent issue is the cont... | [
"From an environmental quality standpoint, much of the public and policy interest in animal agriculture has focused on impacts on water resources, because animal waste, if not properly managed, can adversely impact water quality through surface runoff and erosion, direct discharges to surface waters, spills and oth... |
train_11404 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Klamath River Basin on the California-Oregon border is a focal point for local and national discussions on water allocation and species protection. Previously, water and species management issues have exacerbated competition and generated conflict among several interests—farmers; Indian tribes; commercial and sport... | [
"The Klamath River Basin, a region along the California-Oregon border, has been a focal point for local and national discussions on water resources and species management. Water management issues were brought to the forefront when severe drought conditions in 2001 exacerbated competition for scarce water resources ... |
train_11405 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides information about the FY2018 budget request for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It begins by reviewing the department's mission and structure. This is followed by an overview of the total FY2018 request for the department. Next, the report discusses the concept of the HHS budget ... | [
"The mission of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is to \"enhance the health and well-being of Americans by providing for effective health and human services and by fostering sound, sustained advances in the sciences underlying medicine, public health, and social services.\" HHS is currently or... |
train_11406 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An adequate physician supply is important for the effective and efficient delivery of health care services and, therefore, for population health and the cost and quality of health care. Assessments of the adequacy of physician supply often focus on three dimensions of the physician population: its size; its composition... | [
"An adequate physician supply is important for the effective and efficient delivery of health care services and, therefore, for population health and the cost and quality of health care. Assessments of the adequacy of physician supply often focus on three dimensions of the physician population: its size; its compos... |
train_11407 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unconditional most-favored-nation (MFN) status, or in U.S. statutory parlance, normal trade relations (NTR) status, is a fundamental principle of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Under this principle, WTO members are required unconditionally to treat imports of goods and services from any WTO member no less favorabl... | [
"During the 112 th Congress, Members faced the issue of whether to extend permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status to Russia and Moldova. On November 16, 2012, the House passed (365-43), and on December 6, 2012, the Senate passed (92-4) H.R. 6156 , which did just that, among other things. President Obama sign... |
train_11408 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 14, 2015, Iran and the six powers that had negotiated with Tehran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany—collectively known as the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The JCPOA required constraints that seek to en... | [
"Multilateral negotiations regarding Iran's nuclear program date back to 2003 after the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported on the existence of clandestine nuclear facilities at Natanz. In October of that year, Iran concluded an agreement with France, Germany, and the United Kingdom under which Iran ... |
train_11409 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government plays a significant role in emergency management, which generally refers to activities associated with avoiding and responding to natural and human-caused hazards. Emergency management in the United States is highly decentralized and contextual in nature: activities often involve multiple jurisdi... | [
"Emergency management generally refers to activities associated with avoiding and responding to natural and human-caused hazards. Emergency management in the United States is highly decentralized and contextual in nature. Multiple jurisdictions as well as a vast number of agencies, nongovernmental organizations, an... |
train_11410 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Revelations in December 2005 that President Bush had authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to collect signals intelligence from communications involving U.S. persons within the United States, without obtaining a warrant or court order, raised numerous questions regarding the President's authority to order w... | [
"Recent media revelations that the President authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to collect signals intelligence from communications involving U.S. persons within the United States, without obtaining a warrant or court order, raise numerous questions regarding the President's authority to order warrantles... |
train_11411 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An essential element of the federal government's acquisition system is the capability to identify the businesses, and other types of entities, that do work for the government. Accurate identification of potential contractors and incumbent contractors facilitates a host of procurement processes while contributing to the... | [
"Hundreds of thousands of businesses and other entities provide supplies, equipment, and services to federal agencies each year through procurement contracts (contracts). Accurate identification of prospective and incumbent government contractors (or vendors) facilitates the federal government's procurement process... |
train_11412 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provides duty-free tariff treatment for certain products from designated developing countries. Agricultural imports under GSP totaled $2.6 billion in 2015, nearly 15% of the value of all U.S. GSP imports. Leading agricultural imports (based on value) include processed foods a... | [
"The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) was established by the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2461, et seq.) and now provides preferential duty-free entry of up to 5,000 agricultural and non-agricultural products for 120 designated beneficiary countries and territories. Agricultural products under the progr... |
train_11413 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to recent estimates, about 1.7 million children in the United States have parents who are currently incarcerated in state or federal prisons. Among the approximately 700,000 persons who are released from prison each year about 400,000 of them are fathers and mothers. The current economic crisis together with ... | [
"About 1.7 million children in the United States have parents who are currently incarcerated and more than 10 million U.S. children are separated from one of their parents during a portion of their childhood because of the parent's incarceration. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, of the 1.5 million inm... |
train_11414 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Iraq's agricultural sector represents a small, but vital component of Iraq's economy.Over the past several decades agriculture's role in the economy has been heavily influenced by Iraq'sinvolvement in military conflicts, particularly the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War and the 1991 Gulf War, and by varyingdegrees of government e... | [
"RS21516 -- Iraq's Agriculture: Background and Status May 13, 2003 1. (back) Ahmad, Mahmood. \"Agricultural PolicyIssues and Challenges in Iraq\" Short- and Medium-term Options,\" from Iraq's Economic Predicament ,Kamil Mahdi, Editor. Exeter Arab and Islamic Studies Series, Ithaca Press,copyright©Kamil Mahdi, 2002,... |
train_11415 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports to the United States are increasing to supplementdomestic gas production. Recent actions by Congress and federal agencies have promoted greaterLNG supplies by changing regulations, clarifying siting authorities, and streamlining the approvalprocess for LNG import terminals. Were thes... | [
"The United States is considering fundamental changes in its natural gas supply policy. Facedwith rising natural gas demand and perceived limitations in North American gas production, manyin government and industry are encouraging greater U.S. imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Recent activities by Congress, t... |
train_11416 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of the most persistent political issues facing Congress in recent decades is whether to require that the budget of the United States be in balance. Although a balanced federal budget has long been held as a political ideal, the accumulation of large deficits in recent years has heightened concern that some action t... | [
"The debate over the need to establish a constitutional limit on spending or debt is nearly as old as the nation itself. Thomas Jefferson is often cited as an intellectual forefather in the current debate because of his distrust of government debt. He once wrote that the way to cure what he felt was extravagant spe... |
train_11417 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Commonly known as the "8(a) Program," the Minority Small Business and Capital Ownership Development Program is one of several federal contracting programs for small businesses. The 8(a) Program provides participating small businesses with training, technical assistance, and contracting opportunities in the form of set-... | [
"C ommonly known as the \"8(a) Program,\" the Minority Small Business and Capital Ownership Development Program is one of several federal contracting programs for small businesses. The 8(a) Program provides participating small businesses with training, technical assistance, and contracting opportunities in the form... |
train_11418 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2007, both the House and the Senate established new earmark transparency procedures. They provide for public disclosure of approved earmarks and the identification of their congressional sponsors. These procedures currently are contained in House Rule XXI, clause 9, and Senate Rule XLIV. Under both chambers' rules, ... | [
"During 2007, both the House and the Senate established new earmark transparency procedures for their respective chambers. They provide for public disclosure of approved earmarks and the identification of their congressional sponsors, among other requirements. These procedures currently are contained in House Rule ... |
train_11419 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the six titles of S. 1462 are intended to address the energy security of the United States by promoting the development of clean energy technologies, improving energy efficiency, encouraging the development of domestic energy resources, promoting ener... | [
"The American Clean Energy Leadership Act of 2009 (ACELA, S. 1462 ), an energy policy bill reported out of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on July 16, 2009, would expand the deployment of clean energy technologies, improve energy efficiency and energy security, encourage innovation and workforc... |
train_11420 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (AN... | [
"Afghanistan has a history of a high degree of decentralization, and resistance to foreign invasion and occupation. Some have termed it the \"graveyard of empires.\" Afghanistan's modern history is generally considered to begin with the 1747 foundation of the Durrani Empire by Ahmad Shah Durrani, a Pashtun military... |
train_11421 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) is a pipeline for clinician recruitment and training. Its program objective is to increase the availability of primary care services to populations in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs). It aims to increase clinician availability by making loan repayments and awarding sc... | [
"The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) is a clinician recruitment and retention program that Congress created to reduce health workforce shortages in locations where providers historically have not served or have not served in numbers sufficient to address the needs of the local population. The NHSC consists of ... |
train_11422 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background on the International Military Education and Training Program (IMET). It discusses the program's main features and purposes, perspectives of the IMET's supporters and critics, and recent issues surrounding the program and its implementation. The United States in recent years has trained a... | [
"The International Military Education and Training program (IMET) was formally established in 1976 as part of a restructuring of the United States Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. It had its antecedents in legislation passed in 1949 that created the grant Military Assistance Program (MAP). IMET, as currently c... |
train_11423 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The No Child Left Behind Act (P.L. 107-110), amended and reauthorized the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act (SDFSCA) as Part A of Title IV—21st Century Schools. The act is up for reauthorization in the 110th Congress. The Department of Education (ED) administers SDFSCA through the SDFSC program, which is t... | [
"The No Child Left Behind Act ( P.L. 107-110 ) amended and reauthorized the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act (SDFSCA) within the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) as Part A of Title IV—21 st Century Schools. This program will again be considered for reauthorization in the 110 th Congress. ... |
train_11424 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal agencies rely on information technology (IT) to conduct their work, requiring extensive investments in both updating existing IT and developing new IT. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) has reported that the federal government budgets more than $80 billion each year for IT investment. In FY2017, that i... | [
"The Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA) was enacted on December 19, 2014. The law outlines seven areas of reform that affect how federal agencies purchase and manage their information technology (IT) assets, including— enhancing the authority of agency chief information officers (CIOs); ... |
train_11425 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 111th Congress has devoted considerable effort to health reform that seeks to increase health insurance coverage for more Americans and help control increasing costs while improving quality and patient outcomes. H.R. 3962, the Affordable Health Care for America Act, was passed by the House of Representatives on Nov... | [
"The 111 th Congress has devoted considerable effort to health reform that seeks to increase health insurance coverage for more Americans and help control increasing costs while improving quality and patient outcomes. H.R. 3962 , the Affordable Health Care for America Act, was passed by the House of Representatives... |
train_11426 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Capitol Visitor Center (CVC), which opened to the public on December 2, 2008, was designed to enhance the security, educational experience, and comfort of those visiting the U.S. Capitol. The decision to build a subterranean facility beneath the East Front Plaza, largely invisible from an exterior perspective, was ... | [
"Since opening to the public on December 2, 2008, the Capitol Visitor Center (CVC) has had more than six million visitors. Located beneath the East Front Plaza, the CVC was designed to enhance the security, educational experience, and comfort of visitors to the U.S. Capitol. The decision to build a subterranean fac... |
train_11427 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation was created pursuant to language contained in the National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 ( H.R. 5408 ), which was incorporated into the H.R. 4205 conference report ( H.Rept. 106-945 ), enacted into law on October 30, 2000 ( P.L. 106-398 ). The Institute was... | [
"The FY2001 National Defense Authorization Act ( H.R. 5408 ) enacted into law by P.L. 106-398 , established authority for the Secretary of Defense to operate a facility for the purpose of providing \"professional education and training to eligible nations of the Western Hemisphere within the democratic principles s... |
train_11428 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Gulf of Mexico coastal environment (Gulf Coast) stretches over approximately 600,000 square miles across five U.S. states: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. It is home to more than 22 million people and more than 15,000 species of sea life. Efforts are ongoing to restore this environment, which h... | [
"The Gulf of Mexico coastal region (Gulf Coast) stretches over the shoreline areas of five U.S. states: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The coastal environment has been altered over time due to changes in hydrology, loss of barrier islands and coastal wetland habitat, issues associated with low... |
train_11429 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress is again debating work requirements in the context of programs to aid poor and low-income individuals and families. The last major debate in the 1990s both significantly expanded financial supports for working poor families with children and led to the enactment of the 1996 welfare reform law. That law created... | [
"Congress is again debating how to promote work in the context of programs to aid poor and low-income people and families, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps) and federal rental housing assistance programs (public housing and the Section 8 Housing Choice Vou... |
train_11430 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 29, 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a rule intended to establish control over the use and misuse of intergovernmental transfers in financing the states' shares of Medicaid costs. The rule clarifies the types of intergovernmental transfers of funds allowable for financing a porti... | [
"Medicaid is a state-administered program that is jointly financed by states and the federal government. The federal and state shares of program costs vary for each state based on a formula that takes into consideration each state's per capita income compared with the national per capita income. The formula is desi... |
train_11431 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Both the House and the Senate have passed comprehensive legislation to reauthorize existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) programs and expand the agency's authority to ensure the safety of prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics. The Senate passed the Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act (S. ... | [
"Both chambers of Congress have passed comprehensive legislation to reauthorize expiring programs at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to expand the agency's authority to help ensure the safety of certain medical products. The bills are the Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act ( S. 1082 ) and th... |
train_11432 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal excise tax on alcoholic beverages is imposed at the manufacturer and importer level, based on the per unit production or importation of alcoholic beverages (e.g., distilled spirits, wine, and beer) for sale in the U.S. market. When converted to standard drink measures liquor drinks are generally subjected t... | [
"The federal government levies an excise tax, at the manufacturer and importer level, based on the per unit production or importation of alcoholic beverages (e.g., distilled spirits, wine, and beer) for sale in the U.S. market. Alcohol excise taxes in the United States have a history almost as old as the federal go... |
train_11433 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since shortly after the establishment of limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the mid-1990s, the United States has periodically provided assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) for civil security and counterterrorism purposes. Following the death of Yasser Arafat in late 2004 and the el... | [
"Since shortly after the establishment of limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the mid-1990s, the United States has periodically provided assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) for civil security and counterterrorism purposes. Following the death of Yasser Arafat in late 2004 and t... |
train_11434 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Between 1995 and 2008, the United States provided North Korea with over $1.3 billion in assistance: slightly more than 50% for food aid and about 40% for energy assistance. Since early 2009, the United States has provided virtually no aid to North Korea, though episodically there have been discussions about resuming la... | [
"For four decades after the end of the Korean War in 1953, U.S. strategy toward the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, commonly referred to as North Korea) was relatively simple: deter an attack on South Korea. This included a freeze on virtually all forms of economic contact between the United States and... |
train_11435 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The European Union (EU) is a unique partnership in which member states have pooled sovereignty in certain policy areas and harmonized laws on a wide range of economic and political issues. The EU is the latest stage in a process of European integration begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countri... | [
"The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign states. It is the latest stage in a process of European integration begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to promote peace and economic recovery. Its founder... |
train_11436 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Senators and Representatives are frequently asked to support or sponsor proposals recognizing historic events and outstanding achievements by individuals or institutions. Among the various forms of recognition that Congress bestows, the Congressional Gold Medal is often considered the most distinguished. Through this v... | [
"G eorge Washington, Bob Hope, Joe Louis, the Wright Brothers, Robert Frost, Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra, and Mother Teresa of Calcutta share a common bond in American history. These notable personages, together with approximately 300 other individuals and the American Red Cross, have been accorded the unique ... |
train_11437 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The disclosure by professional lobbyists and commercial lobbying firms of expenditures or payments for "grassroots" lobbying campaigns continues to be an issue of importance to reformers both inside and outside of Congress. Legislative proposals, such as S. 1, 110th Congress and H.R. 4682, 109th Congress, had originall... | [
"This report discusses the constitutional issues that may arise with respect to a federal law that would require disclosures of efforts to stimulate so-called \"grassroots\" lobbying activities by those entities and persons who are compensated to engage in such activities. Activities which are generally described a... |
train_11438 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a list of selected health-related programs and activities under specified titles of the Social Security Act (SSA), including the Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant (Title V), General Provisions, Peer Review, and Administrative Simplification (Title XI), Medicare (Title XVIII), Medicaid ... | [
"This report provides a list of selected health-related programs and activities under specified titles of the Social Security Act (SSA), including the Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant (Title V), General Provisions, Peer Review, and Administrative Simplification (Title XI), Medicare (Title XVIII), Medi... |
train_11439 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of recent trends in the enforcement of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), the principal U.S. anti-money laundering law regulating financial institutions. The report begins by providing general background information on BSA penalties and enforcement. The report concludes by discussing three rec... | [
"The BSA is \"the primary U.S. anti-money laundering (AML) law\" regulating financial institutions. Among other things, the Act and related regulations impose certain reporting and recordkeeping requirements and require certain institutions to establish AML programs that meet specified minimum standards. The BSA an... |
train_11440 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government, in an effort to protect the purchasing power of Social Security beneficiaries, indexes benefits to increases in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). Concern has periodically been expressed that the CPI-W may understate the impact of inflation on the elder... | [
"In an effort to protect the purchasing power of Social Security recipients, Congress in the early 1970s indexed benefit increases to the only consumer price index available at the time. The index to which Social Security benefits are linked became known as the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Cleric... |
train_11441 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Four years after Congress directed the Department of Energy (DOE) to revamp its polygraph program, taking into account a 2003 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report that questioned the scientific basis for the accuracy of polygraph testing, particularly when used to "screen" employees, DOE promulgated a regulation o... | [
"Since its establishment in 1977, the Department of Energy (DOE) has been frequently criticized for its lax approach to counterintelligence, particularly at its nuclear weapons laboratories. Years of increasingly critical counterintelligence (CI) reviews by the Government Accountability Office, the Intelligence Com... |
train_11442 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report offers context for consideration of immigration policy options by presenting data on key geographic, demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the foreign-born population residing in the United States. Interest in the U.S. foreign-born population stems in part from the changing demographic profil... | [
"This report offers context for consideration of immigration policy options by presenting data on key geographic, demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the foreign-born population residing in the United States. Data on the native-born population are often shown for comparison. The report relies heavi... |
train_11443 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, the international community has increasingly recognized international violence against women (VAW) as a significant human rights and global health issue. VAW, which can include both random acts of violence as well as sustained abuse over time, can be physical, psychological, or sexual in nature. Studie... | [
"In the past three decades, the U.S. government and international community have increasingly recognized violence against women (hereinafter VAW) as a human rights problem with far reaching consequences. Prior to the 1970s, many in the international community viewed VAW as a private matter to be dealt with among in... |
train_11444 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The large influx of immigrants in recent decades has led to an equally long debate over their effect on the labor market outcomes of native-born workers. Economic theory posits that an increase in the supply of labor, such as from immigration, will reduce the wage employers are willing to pay all workers (native-born a... | [
"Immigration has been a contentious issue since the nation's inception. During periods of substantial immigration, it has not been unusual for the native-born population to raise objections on many grounds—cultural, religious, ethnic, and economic. The focus of the latest national debate over high levels of immigra... |
train_11445 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Debate is occurring on short- and long-term efforts to boost the economy, reduce the deficit, and stabilize the debt; this debate includes proposals to alter the overall size and composition of federal spending and revenues. "Human resources" programs account for the majority of federal outlays (67% in FY2011) and woul... | [
"Members of Congress and the Obama Administration are engaged in debate over short- and long-term efforts to sustain recovery and further stimulate the economy, reduce the federal budget deficit, and stabilize the national debt. Within that debate, policymakers hold different points of view on the optimal size and ... |
train_11446 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cybersecurity has been gaining attention as a national issue for the past decade. During this time, the country has witnessed cyber incidents affecting both public and private sector systems and data. These incidents have included attacks in which data was stolen, altered, or access to it was disrupted or denied. The f... | [
"Cybersecurity issues are gaining national prominence, generating extensive media coverage, and affecting constituents nationwide. The frequency of cybersecurity incidents and their effects on the U.S. economy and national security have elevated congressional interest in cybersecurity issues. This report provides a... |
train_11447 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Supreme Court in 2005 affirmed the constitutionality of the so-called beef check-off program, one of the 18 generic promotion programs for agricultural products that are now active nationally. Supporters view check-offs as economically beneficial self-help activities that need minimal government involvement or... | [
"Check-off programs, particularly at the state and regional levels, have existed for many decades. Interest in more federally mandated programs has increased over the past several decades, as commodity groups have sought new ways to support their products. Such groups view the programs as economically beneficial fa... |
train_11448 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the Supreme Court's 2008-2009 term, which likely will conclude in late June, 2009, the Court has accepted for argument five environmental cases—an unusually large number out of the roughly 85 cases accepted for argument. This report reviews the cases, decided and undecided, and then briefly comments. The one case of... | [
"In the Supreme Court's 2008-2009 term, which likely will conclude in late June, 2009, the Court has accepted for argument five environmental cases—an unusually large number out of the roughly 85 cases accepted for argument. The reason for this interest in environmental cases at this particular time is speculative;... |
train_11449 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Buy American Act of 1933 is the earliest and arguably the best known of various statutes regarding federal procurement of domestic products. Essentially, the act attempts to protect U.S. businesses and labor by restricting the acquisition and use of end products or construction materials that are not "domestic." Fo... | [
"T he Buy American Act of 1933 is the earliest and arguably the best known of the various statutes regarding federal procurement of domestic products. Essentially, the act attempts to protect domestic businesses and labor by establishing a price preference for domestic end products and construction materials in gov... |
train_11450 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) through the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). The act states, "The primary function of the OSTP Director is to provide, within the Executive Office of the President [EOP], advice on the ... | [
"The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 ( P.L. 94-282 ) established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), including the position of its Director, within the Executive Office of the President (EOP) to provide scientific and technological analysis and advice... |
train_11451 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that an applicant for a federal license or permit provide a certification that any discharges from the facility will comply with the act, including state-established water quality standard requirements. Disputes have arisen over the states' exercise of this authority in... | [
"Under the Clean Water Act (CWA), an applicant for a federal license or permit to conduct any activity that may result in a discharge to waters of the United States must provide the federal agency with a Section 401 certification. The certification, made by the state in which the discharge originates, declares that... |
train_11452 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the start of the 21st century, the U.S. energy system has seen tremendous changes. Technological advances in energy production have driven changes in energy consumption, and the United States has moved from being a growing net importer of most forms of energy to a declining importer—and possibly a net exporter in... | [
"The United States has been an integral part of the global energy sector for many decades. It is a global leader in energy production, consumption, and technology, and its energy market is highly sophisticated. Its energy prices, for the most part, are determined in the marketplace and rise or fall with changes in ... |
train_11453 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some of the 60 operating nuclear power plants (comprising 99 nuclear reactors) in the United States have experienced financial stress in recent years due to a combination of low wholesale electricity prices and escalating costs. Six nuclear reactors have permanently shut down during the past five years, and 19 others h... | [
"Recent and planned nuclear reactor closures have raised questions about the future of nuclear power in the United States and its potential contribution to the U.S. electricity mix. The nuclear power industry and its supporters have proposed that Congress take action to prevent the shutdown of currently operating U... |
train_11454 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Several western states are experiencing extreme or exceptional drought conditions. The persistence and intensity of the drought, which began in 2011 in some areas, has received considerable attention from Congress. To date, federal legislative proposals have focused primarily on the management of federal water projects... | [
"Widespread drought is a recurring phenomenon for much of the country, and is especially acute for the We st, where drought conditions such as low water supplies and soil moisture are prevalent. Several western states, including California, Oregon, Nevada, Washington, and portions of Montana and Idaho are experienc... |
train_11455 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In a splintered decision issued in April 2008, the Supreme Court upheld an Indiana statute requiring photo identification for voting, determining that lower courts had correctly decided that the evidence in the record was insufficient to support a facial attack on the constitutionality of the law. Written by Justice St... | [
"In 2005, Indiana enacted a statute requiring citizens voting in person on primary or general election day, or casting a ballot in person at the office of the circuit court clerk prior to election day, to present a photo identification card issued by the government. Often referred to as the \"Voter ID Law,\" it doe... |
train_11456 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 1, 2008, the United States became a full member of the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (hereinafter "Convention"), and the Convention entered into force in the United States. As a result, the Convention now governs intercountry adoptions between the United States and other Convention member countries... | [
"On May 29, 1993, at The Hague, 66 nations approved the final text of a multilateral Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, popularly known as the \"Hague Adoption Convention\" (hereinafter \"Convention\"). The purpose of the Convention is to establish uniform sta... |
train_11457 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Bush's tax proposal and H.R. 6 (passed by the House) have different approaches to the marriage penalty. The Administration proposal, inaddition to rate changes, has a second-earner deduction for 10% of income (up to $30,000) earned by the lowerearning spouse. H.R. 6 wouldincrease the standard deduction and wi... | [
"It is surprisingly difficult to measure marriage penalties and bonuses. The measure of the marriage penaltyrequires a counterfactual: what would the combinedtaxes of the two spouses be if they were not married? Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to this questionbecause marriage itself tends to be a life-chan... |
train_11458 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Al Qaeda terrorist network founded by Osama bin Laden is believed to pose a continuing, although diminished, threat to the United States at home and to U.S. interests and allies abroad following the network'sdefeat in its base in Afghanistan. As stated in taped appearances by its leaders since the September 11, 200... | [
"This report updates the version issued on September 10, 2001, just prior to the September 11 attacks on theWorld Trade Center and the Pentagon that killed about 3,000 persons. It is an analysis of Near Eastern terroristgroups and countries on the U.S. \"terrorism list,\" a list of countries that the Secretary of C... |
train_11459 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) held parliamentary by-elections on April 1, 2012. According to the official results announced by Union Election Commission (UEC), the National League for Democracy (NLD) won all but two of the 45 seats, including NLD Chair Aung San Suu Kyi winning a seat in the lower house o... | [
"The Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma) held parliamentary by-elections on April 1, 2012. Depending on the conduct of the election, the official election results, and the treatment of the newly elected members of parliament, U.S. policy toward Burma may undergo a major shift, possibly including the waiver or ... |
train_11460 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In today's severe global economic downturn, concerns are being raised that countries may try to improve their own trade positions in order to help domestic industries at the expense of others by imposing measures that artificially increase their exports or restrict imports. Such efforts are considered by some to be a f... | [
"The world economy may now be undergoing its most severe crisis since the Great Depression. The economies of the United States, Japan, and Europe are in recession and the emerging economies in Asia and Latin America are experiencing slower growth as well. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), world ec... |
train_11461 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides answers to frequently asked questions about the presidential nominating process, including how the delegates to the national conventions are chosen, the differences between a caucus and a primary, national party rules changes for 2016, and the national conventions themselves. It is not a comprehens... | [
"This report answers frequently asked questions about presidential primaries and caucuses, and the national party nominating conventions that follow them. The nominating process elicits questions because it relies on a dense combination of national and state party rules and state election laws to conduct the primar... |
train_11462 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Administrative law judges (ALJs) preside at formal adjudicatory and rulemaking proceedings conducted by executive branch agencies. ALJs make decisions in these proceedings, and their administrative determinations must be based on the record of trial-type hearings. An ALJ's function as an independent, impartial trier of... | [
"The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) was enacted in 1946 to ensure fairness and due process in executive agency actions or proceedings involving rulemaking and adjudications. In pursuit of this goal, the APA created the position of the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) within the federal government. ALJs were origi... |
train_11463 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Contractors have played a considerable role in U.S. military operations over the last decade, and some commentators anticipate they will continue to do so in the future. Due in part to their heavy involvement in military operations, contractors have faced numerous tort suits, or suits seeking remedy for civil wrongs, i... | [
"Contractors and contractor employees perform countless tasks on the government's behalf, which include playing an integral role in U.S. military operations. Though combat operations in Iraq have ceased and the government plans a drawdown of U.S. forces in Afghanistan in 2014, commentators have noted that contracto... |
train_11464 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) ( P.L. 100-497 ) generally prohibits gaming on lands acquired for Indians in trust by the Secretary of the Interior (SOI or Secretary) after October 17, 1988. The exceptions, however, raise the possibility of Indian gaming proposals for locations presently unconnected with an Ind... | [
"The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) provides a framework for gaming on \"Indian lands,\" according to which Indian tribes may conduct gaming that need not conform to state law. The three classes of gaming authorized by IGRA progress from class I social gaming, through class II bingo and non-banking card games,... |
train_11465 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This is an overview of the law under the federal material witness statute which authorizes the arrest of material witnesses, permits their release under essentially the same bail laws that apply to federal criminal defendants, but favors their release after their depositions have been taken. Legislative efforts in the ... | [
"Witnesses in a federal criminal case may find themselves arrested, held for bail, and in some cases imprisoned until they are called upon to testify, 18 U.S.C. 3144. The same is true in most if not all of the states. Although subject to intermittent criticism, it has been so at least from the beginning of the Repu... |
train_11466 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Park System includes 412 diverse units administered by the National Park Service (NPS) in the Department of the Interior. Units generally are added to the National Park System by acts of Congress, although the President may proclaim national monuments for inclusion in the system on land that is federally m... | [
"The National Park System contains 412 units throughout the nation. They are administered by the National Park Service (NPS) in the Department of the Interior (DOI). The system encompasses 84.6 million acres of land—80.6 million acres federally owned and 4.0 million acres of private and other public land (e.g., sta... |
train_11467 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress passed comprehensive food safety legislation in December 2010 (FDA Food Safety Modernization Act [FSMA], P.L. 111-353), representing the largest expansion and overhaul of U.S. food safety authorities since the 1930s. FSMA greatly expanded food safety oversight authority at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA... | [
"Congress passed comprehensive food safety legislation in December 2010 (FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, or FSMA, P.L. 111-353 ), representing the largest expansion and overhaul of U.S. food safety authorities since the 1930s. FSMA greatly expanded food safety oversight authority at the Food and Drug Administrat... |
train_11468 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Obstruction of justice is the impediment of governmental activities. There are a host of federal criminal laws that prohibit obstructions of justice. The six most general outlaw obstruction of judicial proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1503), witness tampering (18 U.S.C. 1512), witness retaliation (18 U.S.C. 1513), obstruction of... | [
"Obstruction of justice is the frustration of governmental purposes by violence, corruption, destruction of evidence, or deceit. It is a federal crime. In fact, federal obstruction of justice laws are legion; too many for even passing reference to all of them in a single report. This is a brief description of those... |
train_11469 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965 was enacted to help preserve, develop, and ensure access to outdoor recreation facilities to strengthen the health of U.S. citizens. The law created the Land and Water Conservation Fund in the U.S. Treasury as a funding source to implement its outdoor recreation g... | [
"The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965 was enacted to help preserve, develop, and ensure access to outdoor recreation resources. A main goal of the law was to facilitate participation in recreation and strengthen the \"health and vitality\" of U.S. citizens. The law sought to accomplish this goal ... |
train_11470 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Benefits for retired employees are of particular interest to policymakers, who often are concerned with the income security of retirees, a large and fast-growing population. One aspect of this congressional concern is what happens when bankrupt employers are unable to provide promised pension and health benefits to the... | [
"Benefits for retired employees are of particular interest to policymakers, who often are concerned with the income security of retirees, a large and fast-growing population. One aspect of this congressional concern is what happens when bankrupt employers are unable to provide promised pension and health benefits t... |
train_11471 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 31, 2006, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced FY2006 allocations of federal homeland security assistance to states and urban areas. That assistance is made available through the following three programs: the State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP), which is designed to fund state homel... | [
"On May 31, 2006, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced FY2006 allocations of federal homeland security assistance to states and urban areas. That assistance was made available through the following three programs: the State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP), which is designed to fund state... |
train_11472 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International affairs expenditures typically amount to about 1.5% of the total federal budget. While some foreign policy and defense experts view that share as a small price to pay for a robust foreign affairs budget that they believe is essential to meeting national security and foreign policy objectives, others see i... | [
"Facing significant pressure to reduce the federal budget deficit, some in the 112 th Congress viewed international affairs spending, particularly for foreign aid programs, as expenditures of limited benefit to U.S. taxpayers and eligible for cuts. Others favored a more robust foreign affairs budget for various rea... |
train_11473 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article III of the Constitution restricts the jurisdiction of federal courts to deciding actual "Cases" and "Controversies." The Supreme Court has articulated several "justiciability" doctrines emanating from Article III that restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes. One justiciability concept is the polit... | [
"Article III of the Constitution defines the proper scope of the federal courts' jurisdiction as limited to adjudicating \"Cases\" and \"Controversies.\" The Supreme Court has articulated several legal doctrines emanating from Article III that restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes, such as standing,... |
train_11474 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Lawmakers incorporated the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (H.R. 1), the economic stimulus bill that the President signed into law on February 17, 2009 (P.L. 111-5). The HITECH Act is intended to promote the widesp... | [
"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; H.R. 1 ), which the President signed into law on February 17, 2009 ( P.L. 111-5 ), incorporated the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act. The HITECH Act, based on legislation introduced in the 110 th Congress, is inten... |
train_11475 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In April 2009, then-Secretary of Defense Gates announced he intended to significantly restructure the Army's Future Combat System (FCS) program. The FCS was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program that had been underway since 2000 and was at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. In lieu of the cancelled FCS ... | [
"In April 2009, then Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced he intended to significantly restructure the Army's Future Combat System (FCS) program. The FCS was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program that had been underway since 2000 and was at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. It was to be the ... |
train_11476 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Indexation of the minimum wage (linking the minimum wage to an outside economic variable) in a variety of forms has been a subject of discussion at least since the early years of the 20th century. When early proponents of a wage floor began to consider the matter as public policy within the United States, they establis... | [
"Indexation of the minimum wage was considered some years prior to enactment of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) in 1938. It continues to be an issue of discussion and, in some cases at the state level, has been introduced as a part of the general minimum wage structure. This report provides an evolutionary hist... |
train_11477 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, P.L. 103-414, 47 U.S.C. 1001-1010), enacted October 25, 1994, is intended to preserve the ability of law enforcement officials to conduct electronic surveillance effectively and efficiently despite the deployment of new digital technologies and wireless serv... | [
"In the early 1990s the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) asked Congress for legislation to assist law enforcement agencies to continue conducting electronic surveillance. The FBI argued that the deployment of digital technologies in public telephone systems was making it increasingly difficult for law enforcem... |
train_11478 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 21st Century Cures Act (P.L. 114-255) was signed into law on December 13, 2016, by President Barack Obama. On November 30, 2016, the House passed the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 34, the 21st Century Cures Act, on a vote of 392 to 26. The bill was then sent to the Senate where it was considered a... | [
"The 21st Century Cures Act ( P.L. 114-255 ) was signed into law on December 13, 2016, by President Barack Obama. On November 30, 2016, the House passed the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 34 , the 21st Century Cures Act, on a vote of 392 to 26. The bill was then sent to the Senate where it was cons... |
train_11479 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (CCI) was the parent company of several private, for-profit institutions of higher education, including the Everest Institute, Everest Colleges, Heald Colleges, and Wyotech Technical Schools. CCI operated more than 100 of these institutions across the nation, with total enrollments of approxim... | [
"Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (CCI) was the parent company of several private, for-profit institutions of higher education, including the Everest Institute, Everest Colleges, Heald Colleges, and Wyotech Technical Schools (Wyotech). CCI operated more than 100 of these institutions across the nation, with total enrollme... |
train_11480 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Notwithstanding air quality progress since 1970, challenges remain to reduce pollution in areas exceeding federal standards and to ensure continued compliance elsewhere. The movement of air pollutants across state lines, known as interstate transport, has made it difficult for some downwind states to attain federal ozo... | [
"The movement of air pollutants across state lines, known as interstate transport, has posed a decades-long challenge to air quality protection. The Clean Air Act (CAA) assigns responsibility to states to limit emissions from sources within their borders as needed to attain federal health-based air quality standard... |
train_11481 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was enacted in 1976 to govern the regulation of chemical substances in U.S. commerce. Its core provisions have not been significantly amended since that time. Under TSCA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented a chemicals management program over the past four d... | [
"Preemption raises complex issues of law, policy, and federalism. Under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, state law and policy (or law and policy of local subdivisions of states, acting under state law) that conflicts with federal law must yield to the exercise of Congress's powers. Whether a certain s... |
train_11482 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The importance of a successful aerospace industry to the United States economy has been repeatedly acknowledged by President Obama and members of his Cabinet, many Members of Congress, and by all concerned with the competitive fortunes of the U.S. aircraft manufacturing industry. The U.S. aerospace industry is highly c... | [
"The importance of a successful aerospace industry to the United States economy has been repeatedly acknowledged by President Obama and members of his Cabinet, many Members of Congress, and by all concerned with the competitive fortunes of the U.S. aircraft manufacturing industry. The U.S. aerospace industry is hig... |
train_11483 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides information about the early August 2014 U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit in Washington, DC, and policy issues likely to be addressed by participants in the summit and other events being held in conjunction with it. In providing background on key U.S.-Africa policy issues, the report addresses: Africa's d... | [
"In mid-2013, during a speech at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, President Obama announced that he would invite African heads of state to a summit in the United States \"to help launch a new chapter in U.S.-African relations.\" The leaders' summit, to be held all day on August 6, 2014, will be preceded b... |
train_11484 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the federal government developed a unified regimen to identify and list known or suspected terrorists. The regimen has received repeated congressional attention, and this report briefly discusses for congressional policymakers how the U.S. government fashions and uses ... | [
"A fter the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the federal government developed a unified regimen to identify and list known or suspected terrorists. The regimen has received repeated congressional attention, and this report briefly discusses for congressional policymakers how the U.S. government fashions and... |
train_11485 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With the advent of shale gas, the United States has transformed from a growing importer of natural gas to a burgeoning exporter. Exports by pipeline and ship have grown in the last couple of years. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports in 2013 were about 13 billion cubic feet (bcf), while in 2016 that figure jumped to al... | [
"As U.S. natural gas production increased and the possibility of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from the continental United States became more likely, interest grew in sending U.S. natural gas to the Caribbean (see Figure 1 ). During the Obama Administration, Vice President Biden was a proponent of helping the... |
train_11486 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Funding authorization for Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) programs set forth in the Vision 100—Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (P.L. 108-176, hereinafter referred to as "Vision 100") expired at the end of FY2007. During the current reauthorization process, methods to address the environmental impacts asso... | [
"The operation of an airport involves many activities that can affect the environment. In addition to potential impacts to local air and water quality, aircraft noise levels may affect property values or the quality of life of residents in nearby communities. Certain activities or projects to address airport enviro... |
train_11487 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal policy makers have a long-standing interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education that dates to at least the 1st Congress. This interest is largely driven by concerns about the national science and engineering workforce, which is widely believed to play a central role in U.S. glo... | [
"Federal policy makers have a long-standing interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This interest is largely driven by concerns about the national science and engineering workforce, which is widely believed to play a central role in U.S. global economic competitiveness and na... |
train_11488 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concern is sometimes expressed that certain entities which qualify for tax-exempt 501(c)(3) status as "educational" organizations have abused their exemption by advocating a policy viewpoint. The argument is that these entities should have to present information on both sides of an issue equally and neutrally, without ... | [
"Educational organizations qualify for tax-exempt status as entities described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Benefits that arise from 501(c)(3) status include exemption from federal income taxes and eligibility to receive tax-deductible contributions. One criterion for 501(c)(3) status is... |
train_11489 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of issues related to hunting and fishing on federal lands. Each year millions of individuals participate in hunting and fishing activities, bringing in billions of dollars for regional and national economies. Due to their popularity, economic value, constituent appeal, and nexus to fede... | [
"Hunting and fishing, often referred to as sportsmen and sportswomen (sportsperson) activities, on federal lands is a perennial issue for Congress. Members of Congress routinely introduce legislation and debate issues pertaining to recreational opportunities and access, federal land use, and the federal government'... |
train_11490 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Allegations of abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. soldiers at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq haveraised questions about the applicability of the law of war to interrogations for military intelligencepurposes. Particular issues involve the level of protection to which the detainees are entitled underthe Geneva Conventions ... | [
"Allegations of abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. soldiers at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq raisequestions about the applicability of the law of war to interrogations for military intelligencepurposes. Particular issues involve the level of protection to which the detainees are entitled underthe Geneva Conventions o... |
train_11491 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A small share of federal spending is for direct provision of domestic government services, which many people may think of when considering federal spending. Because this spending is normally about 10% of total federal spending and about 2% of gross domestic product (GDP) and deficits are projected to be 2.8% of GDP and... | [
"The growth of the national debt, which is considered unsustainable under current policies, continues to be one of the central issues of domestic federal policy making. On August 2, 2011, Congress adopted, and the President signed, the Budget Control Act (BCA; P.L. 112-25 ), which might be viewed as an initial step... |
train_11492 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There has been significant growth in the practice of breastfeeding in recent years. As a result, Congress and numerous state legislatures have considered various proposals concerning different aspects of breastfeeding. Congress has authorized and funded the Breastfeeding Promotion Program ("Program") as part of the Chi... | [
"The practice of breastfeeding has gained significant popularity in recent years. A stated objective of the U.S. Public Health Service, set out in its report Healthy People 2010 , is to increase the proportion of mothers who breastfeed their children. The national objective set out in this report is to achieve a 75... |
train_11493 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses procedures and related issues involved in considering changes to Senate rules. The Constitution empowers each house of Congress to determine its own rules. The Senate normally considers changes to its Standing Rules in the form of a simple resolution, which (like any ordinary measure) can be adopt... | [
"Recent interest in possible changes to Senate procedural rules, and the potential difficulty of accomplishing them, has fostered renewed discussion about the procedures under which the Senate could consider such changes. Current public discussions have often described some features of these procedures in incomplet... |
train_11494 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background data on U.S. arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 2003-2010, made through the U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. In a series of data tables, it lists the total dollar values of U.S. government-to-government arms sales agreements ... | [
"This report provides background data on U.S. arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 2003-2010. It provides the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with its top five purchasers in five specific regions of the world for the periods 2003-2006, 2007-2010, and fo... |
train_11495 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 50 U.S.C. § 1801 et seq., as passed in 1978, provided a statutory framework for the use of electronic surveillance in the context of foreign intelligence gathering. In so doing, Congress sought to strike a delicate balance between national security interests and persona... | [
"On October 26, 2001, President George W. Bush signed P.L. 107-56 , the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act or the USA PATRIOT Act. Among its provisions are a number which impacted or amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FIS... |
train_11496 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, and the means to deliver them, are front and center today for policy makers who guide and form U.S. foreign policy and national security policy, and economic sanctions are considered a valuable asset in the national security and foreign policy toolbox. The... | [
"The use of economic sanctions to stem weapons proliferation acquired a new dimension in the 1990s. While earlier legislation required the cutoff of foreign aid to countries engaged in specified nuclear proliferation activities and mentioned other sanctions as a possible mechanism for bringing countries into compli... |
train_11497 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides information about the FY2019 budget request for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The report begins by reviewing the department's mission and structure. Next, the report offers a brief explanation of the conventions used for the FY2018 estimates and FY2019 request levels in the bud... | [
"The mission of HHS is to \"enhance the health and well-being of Americans by providing for effective health and human services and by fostering sound, sustained advances in the sciences underlying medicine, public health, and social services.\" HHS is currently organized into 11 main agencies, called \"operating d... |
train_11498 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To address a nationwide water pollution problem caused by leaking underground storage tanks (USTs), Congress authorized a leak prevention, detection, and cleanup program in 1984, under Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. In 1986, Congress established the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund to pro... | [
"In the 1980s, EPA determined that many of the roughly 2.2 million underground storage tanks (USTs) in the United States, most of them storing petroleum products, were leaking. Many other tanks were nearing the end of their useful life expectancy and were expected to leak in the near future. Approximately 50% of th... |
train_11499 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In February 2016, the Obama Administration proposed a $96.9 billion budget for the Department of Transportation (DOT) for FY2017. That is approximately $22 billion more than was provided for FY2016. The budget request reflected the Administration's call for significant increases in funding for highway, transit, and rai... | [
"The Obama Administration requested $94.5 billion for the Department of Transportation (DOT) for FY2017, $19.5 billion (26%) more than DOT received in FY2016. The Obama Administration proposal included significant increases in funding for highway, transit, and intercity passenger rail programs. Around 75% of DOT's ... |
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