id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11500 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Russia has undertaken several largely piecemeal and halting efforts to revamp the armed forces it inherited from the Soviet Union. In 2007, near the end of then-President Vladimir Putin's second term in office, he appointed Anatoliy Serdyukov—the former head of the Federal Tax Service—as defense minister as part of an ... | [
"At the height of Soviet military power in 1985-1986, there were 4.9 million servicemen and women in the active duty forces, and about another 1 million belonged to the Warsaw Treaty Organization (a mutual defense alliance including several Eastern European countries). After the collapse of the Soviet Union at the ... |
train_11501 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 7, 2012, the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations explaining the scope of the medical device excise tax created by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (HCERA), which modified the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The new ... | [
"As part of recent health care reform efforts, Congress, in t he Affordable Care Act, imposed a 2.3% excise tax on the sale of certain medical devices by device manufacturers, producers, or importers. The excise tax is effective on sales of devices made after December 31, 2012. The implementation of the medical dev... |
train_11502 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The concept that all Americans should have affordable access to the telecommunications network, commonly called the "universal service concept," can trace its origins back to the 1934 Communications Act. The preservation and advancement of universal service has remained a basic tenet of federal communications policy, a... | [
"Lifeline is a federal program, established in 1984, that assists eligible individuals in paying the recurring monthly service charges associated with either wireline or wireless telephone usage. The program is part of the Low Income Program supported by the Universal Service Fund. Eligible households can receive u... |
train_11503 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed regional free trade agreement (FTA) among 12 countries: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam. The negotiating parties describe the TPP as a proposed "living agreement," which seeks to cov... | [
"The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed regional free trade agreement (FTA) under negotiation between the United States and 11 other countries. Current participants include Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam. Participati... |
train_11504 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP) is authorized by Part B of Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, P.L. 114-95) in 2015. To compensate for the challenges facing rural schools, REAP awards two types of formula grants. The Small, Ru... | [
"The Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP) is authorized by Part B of Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, P.L. 114-95 ) in 2015. Congress created this program to address the unique needs of rural schools that disadvantage the... |
train_11505 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report briefly poses and answers several "frequently asked questions" in relation to the floor proceedings used to elect a Speaker of the House. Current practice for electing a Speaker, either at the start of a Congress or in the event of a vacancy (e.g., death or resignation), is by roll-call vote, during which M... | [
"This report briefly poses and answers several frequently asked questions in relation to the floor proceedings used to elect a Speaker of the House. For a more detailed treatment of these election procedures, as well as data on elections of the Speaker in each Congress since 1913, see CRS Report RL30857, Speakers o... |
train_11506 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 16, 2016, President Obama nominated Judge Merrick Garland of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016. Judge Garland was appointed to the D.C. Circuit in April 1997, an... | [
"On March 16, 2016, President Obama nominated Judge Merrick Garland of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016. Judge Garland was appointed to the D.C. Circuit in April 199... |
train_11507 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although seafood consumption can contribute to a healthy diet, some fish and shellfish can cause foodborne illnesses or contain environmental contaminants. Are current food safety programs sufficiently protecting consumers, and if not, what changes should be considered? A complicating factor is that most of the seafood... | [
"Studies and dietary recommendations have suggested that increased consumption of seafood can contribute to a more healthful diet. Nonetheless, seafood consumption is not without risk. Although hazards caused by microbes and naturally occurring toxins in seafood have been well characterized, the public health burde... |
train_11508 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | General strategies for reducing the Navy's dependence on oil for its ships include reducing energy use on Navy ships; shifting to alternative hydrocarbon fuels; shifting to more reliance on nuclear propulsion; and using sail and solar power. Reducing energy use on Navy ships. A 2001 study concluded that fitting a Navy ... | [
"This report provides background information on options for technologies that could reduce the Navy's dependence on oil for its ships. It is based on testimony prepared for a hearing on alternative Navy ship propulsion technologies held on April 6, 2006, before the Projection Forces Subcommittee of the House Armed ... |
train_11509 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As a general rule, federal judges must impose a minimum term of imprisonment upon defendants convicted of various controlled substance (drug) offenses and drug-related offenses. The severity of those sentences depends primarily upon the nature and amount of the drugs involved, the defendant's prior criminal record, any... | [
"This is a brief discussion of the law associated with the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions of federal controlled substance (drug) laws and drug-related federal firearms and recidivist statutes. These mandatory minimums, however, are not as mandatory as they might appear. The governme nt may elect not to pro... |
train_11510 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal white-collar employees are to receive an annual pay adjustment and a locality-based comparability payment, effective in January of each year, under Section 529 of P.L. 101-509 , theFederal Employees Pay Comparability Act (FEPCA) of 1990. The law has never been implementedas originally enacted; annual and locali... | [
"In January 2005, federal white-collar employees received a 2.5% annual pay adjustment anda 1.0% locality-based comparability payment under Executive Order 13368, issued by PresidentGeorge W. Bush on December 30, 2004. (1) The payincrease is authorized by Section 640 of Title VIof Division H of the Consolidated App... |
train_11511 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | H.R. 4772, titled the Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006, passed the House in September 2006 and may, if the Senate acts, move forward during the 2006 lame-duck session. The bill combines process and substance. The process provisions would ease or eliminate four current hurdles to a federal takings or s... | [
"H.R. 4772 , styled the Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006, combines process and substance. Its process provisions would ease or eliminate certain current hurdles to a federal takings or substantive due process claim being adjudicated in federal court on the merits, where government interference wit... |
train_11512 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The growing and diverse nature of recreation on federal lands has increased the challenge of balancing different types of recreation with each other and with other land uses. Motorized recreation on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Forest Service (FS) has been controversial, with issues cent... | [
"The federal government owns approximately 635 million acres of federal land in the United States. Of the total, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Department of the Interior (DOI) owns the largest amount—247.5 million acres, primarily in the West. The Forest Service (FS) in the Department of Agriculture ow... |
train_11513 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Fashion design does not currently receive explicit protection under U.S. copyright law. Limited avenues for protection of certain types of apparel designs can be found through trademark and patent law, though proponents of copyright protection for fashion design argue that these limited means are insufficient. The 111t... | [
"U.S. copyright law does not protect useful articles, and copyright protection has been denied to fashion designs because clothing garments have traditionally been viewed as useful articles—basic items of necessity having utilitarian value—rather than as artistic creations. However, Chapter 13 of the U.S. Copyright... |
train_11514 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) serves as the cornerstone for the United States' foreign assistance policies and programs. Written, passed, and signed into law at what some consider the height of the Cold War, the act is seen by some today as anachronistic. Ironically, when Pres... | [
"The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), enacted at the behest of President Kennedy, sought to organize and implement U.S. foreign assistance programs with a commitment to long-range economic assistance to the developing world. The President, in a \"Special Message to the Congress ... |
train_11515 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With the aim of protecting American manufacturing and manufacturing jobs, Congress over the years has passed several domestic content laws. Statements and actions by the Trump Administration about reinvigorating domestic manufacturing and reinvesting in infrastructure have stimulated renewed interest in these laws, inc... | [
"Congress over the years has passed several domestic content laws that aim to protect American manufacturing and manufacturing jobs. In 1978, Congress placed domestic content restrictions on federally funded transportation projects that are carried out by nonfederal government agencies such as state and local gover... |
train_11516 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cable television is one of the oldest and most popular distribution technologies used to deliver video programming to consumers. It uses fixed coaxial or fiber-optic cables to accomplish delivery. Of the various other methods used to deliver video, only direct broadcast satellite (DBS) successfully competes with cable.... | [
"The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, 98 Stat. 2779, P.L. 98-549 , established for the first time a national regulatory policy concerning cable television communications. The act established a comprehensive cable regulatory scheme, delineating regulatory authority among the federal, state, and local levels.... |
train_11517 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report summarizes provisions in Division A, Titles XVI and XVII, of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, P.L. 110-181, signed by the President on January 28, 2008. Titles XVI and XVII address matters related to the care and treatment of servicemembers and former servicemembers (i.e., vetera... | [
"The FY2008 National Defense Authorization bill, H.R. 1585 , was adopted by the House on December 12, and by the Senate on December 14, 2007. On December 28, the White House announced that the President would \"pocket veto\" the bill, a procedure that would preclude efforts by Congress to override the veto. The Pre... |
train_11518 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; P.L. 111-148, § 9007) imposes requirements on hospitals with § 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. Under the act, hospitals will be required to regularly conduct "community health needs assessments" and adopt implementation strategies to meet those needs.... | [
"Non-profit hospitals receive billions of dollars in governmental subsidies due to their status as charitable organizations. Benefits that arise from this status under federal law include exemption from federal income taxes, eligibility to receive tax-deductible contributions, and authority to use tax-exempt bond f... |
train_11519 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | P.L. 114-254, the further continuing resolution for FY2017, extended funding and program authority for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant through April 28, 2017. Though several bills that would have changed TANF policies were reported by the House Ways and Means Committee to the full House d... | [
"P.L. 114-254 , the further continuing resolution for FY2017, extended funding and program authority for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant through April 28, 2017. Though several bills altering TANF policies were reported by the House Ways and Means Committee to the full House during the... |
train_11520 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Almost half of the states outlaw cross burning with the intent to threaten as such. A few of these statutes cover the display of hangman's nooses and other symbols of intimidation as well. Moreover, the same misconduct also frequently falls under more general state prohibitions on coercion, terroristic threats, harassm... | [
"Burning crosses, exhibitions of hangman's nooses and similar displays are the subjects of criminal statutes in virtually every state in the Union. The coverage of those statutes varies a great deal. The Supreme Court's decision in Black v. Virginia serves as a reminder that efforts to enlarge their scope raise ser... |
train_11521 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In most cases, the success or failure of U.S. foreign aid programs is not entirely clear, in part because historically, most aid programs have not been evaluated for the purpose of determining their actual impact. Many programs are not even evaluated on basic performance. The purpose and methodologies of foreign aid ev... | [
"In considering budget issues, Congress has long been interested in the relative efficiency and effectiveness of federal programs, including foreign assistance. Foreign assistance evaluation is one aspect of a government-wide effort to link program effectiveness to budgeting decisions. It is also an element of broa... |
train_11522 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In an effort to end the ad-hoc nature of emergency crop disaster assistance to farmers, Congress authorized a new Supplemental Revenue Assistance Payments Program (SURE) in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. The program provides payments to producers for crop revenue losses due to natural disaster or adver... | [
"The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( P.L. 110-246 , 2008 farm bill) created a set of disaster programs called \"Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance.\" Beginning with 2008 crops and ending September 30, 2011, the programs supplement crop insurance coverage and provide disaster assistance for l... |
train_11523 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decided at its scheduled meeting, held on April 29, 2009, to leave unchanged the target rate for federal funds, which is now at a range from 0% to ¼%. In doing so, it took notice of its previous decision to add up to $1.75 trillion to the reserves of depository institutions by p... | [
"The Fed directly changes two interest rates. The first, called the discount rate , is an administered rate explicitly set by the Fed. It is the rate at which the Fed lends short-term funds to banks, pursuant to P.L. 96-221 , the Monetary Control Act of 1980. It is determined by the seven-person Board of Governors ... |
train_11524 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Credit unions, banks and thrifts (savings associations) are subject to numerous safety, soundness, and consumer protection laws and regulations. Since 2001, both the banking/thrift and the credit union industries have worked with Congress to develop legislative proposals that would reduce existing regulatory requiremen... | [
"While federal financial regulatory agencies engaged in the process of implementing the provisions of the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006 ( P.L. 109-351 ), new financial services regulatory relief measures were introduced in the 110 th Congress. Reducing the regulatory burden on financial service p... |
train_11525 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | By statutory requirements and by regulation, guidance, and practice, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) works with several overlapping yet distinct programs to get to market quickly new drug and biological products that address unmet needs. FDA most frequently uses three mechanisms for that purpose: Accelerated App... | [
"It takes an average of 15 years from the moment a manufacturer first approaches the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with an idea for a new drug to its final approval for marketing. Steps in the development and approval of a drug or biologic (e.g., a vaccine) involve actions by both the manufacturer and FDA. Fir... |
train_11526 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enhancing border and transportation security (BTS) are essential strategies for improving andmaintaining homeland security. Border security entails regulating the flow of traffic across thenation's borders so that dangerous and unwanted goods and people are detected and denied entry.This requires a sophisticated border... | [
"Improving border and transportation security (BTS) are essential strategies for improving andmaintaining homeland security. Border security entails regulating the flow of traffic across thenation's borders so that dangerous and unwanted goods and people are detected and denied entry. This requires a sophisticated ... |
train_11527 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The misclassification of employees as independent contractors contributes to the tax gap. Consequently, congressional interest has been expressed about the importance of the proper classification of workers. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines the gross tax gap as the difference between the aggregate tax liabili... | [
"The misclassification of employees as independent contractors contributes to the tax gap. Consequently, congressional interest has been expressed about the importance of the proper classification of workers. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines the gross tax gap as the difference between the aggregate tax li... |
train_11528 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) authorized an array of agricultural, rural, and nutrition programs. Many provisions of the 2002 farm bill were scheduled to expire in 2007. If a new farm bill or year-long extension were not enacted before the 2008 harvest, permanent law would have taken effect. Under permanent law, el... | [
"On June 18, 2008, the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( P.L. 110-246 , the 2008 farm bill) became law when the House and Senate voted to override President Bush's veto of H.R. 6124 . Enactment of the new law suspends the provisions of permanent law that would have taken effect without a new law. For mor... |
train_11529 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | At its most basic level of organization, the Treasury Department is a collection of departmental offices and operating bureaus. The bureaus as a whole typically account for 95% of Treasury's budget and workforce. Most bureaus and offices are funded through annual appropriations. Treasury appropriations are distributed ... | [
"This report examines FY2017 appropriations for the Treasury Department and its operating bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). More specifically, it describes the President's budget request for Treasury in FY2017 and the current status of legislation in the House and Senate to fund the department.... |
train_11530 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A key issue in congressional debates over expanding consumer access to prescription drugs is the impact of proposed initiatives on the development of new medicines. Some of the initiatives entail significant changes in one or more of the federal policies affecting new drug development. One such policy is federal taxati... | [
"At times, it appears that a major segment of the drug industry cannot avoid being the center of controversy. Firms that develop, produce, and sell brand-name or patented drugs have been praised for their successes in developing safer or more effective versions of existing medicines and new medicines that advance t... |
train_11531 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | From the beginnings of the American federal government, Congress has required executive branch agencies to release or otherwise make available government information and records. Some scholars and statesmen, including James Madison, thought access to information—commonly referred to in contemporary vernacular as "trans... | [
"From the inception of the American federal government, Congress has required executive branch agencies to make certain information and records publicly available to make the actions and information of the government transparent to the public. Some scholars and statesmen, including James Madison, described informat... |
train_11532 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is a policy document that provides federally developed, nutrition-based recommendations for Americans two years of age and older. The guidelines are statutorily mandated under the 1990 National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act (P.L. 101-445), which requires the De... | [
"The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provides federally developed food-based recommendations for Americans two years of age and older, designed to promote health and prevent disease. As mandated by the 1990 National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act ( P.L. 101-445 ), the guidelines are to be revi... |
train_11533 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress enacted the last major amendments to the Clean Water Act in 1987 (P.L. 100-4). Since then, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), states, and others have been working to implement the many program changes and additions mandated in the law. At issue today—more than 30 years after enactment of the core law—i... | [
"Appropriations for EPA's clean water and other programs for FY2007 were considered but not finalized in 2006. The President's budget requested $687.6 million for grants to capitalize clean water state revolving funds (SRFs) which fund local wastewater treatment projects, 22% less than FY2006 funding. On May 18 the... |
train_11534 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the main federal program authorizing state and local aid for special education and related services for children with disabilities. On December 3, 2004, President Bush signed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (P.L. 108-446), a major rea... | [
"The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA—20 U.S.C. §1400 et seq.) is both a grants statute and a civil rights statute. It provides federal funding for the education of children with disabilities and requires, as a condition for the receipt of such funds, the provision of a free appropriate public educ... |
train_11535 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During recent debt limit episodes, federal officials have contended that if the debt limit were to constrain the government's ability to meet its obligations, that would be an unprecedented blemish on the nation's credit. For example, the U.S. Treasury has asserted that "(f)ailing to increase the debt limit would have ... | [
"C oncerns arise during debt limit episodes that the lack of action to raise or suspend the debt limit could impede the U.S. Treasury's ability to meet federal obligations. In October 2015, the U.S. Treasury argued that allowing the debt limit to constrain the government's ability to meet its obligations \"would re... |
train_11536 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A clean energy standard (CES) has been identified as one possible legislative option to encourage a more diverse domestic electricity portfolio. A CES could require certain electricity providers to obtain a portion of their electricity from qualifying clean energy sources. A CES is broader than a renewable energy stand... | [
"A clean energy standard (CES) has been proposed as a tool to provide a more sustainable domestic energy supply, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and secure the United States as a leader in clean energy technology. Some assert that a CES could contribute to economic growth. Opponents of a CES contend that a CES cou... |
train_11537 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Among the initiatives being promoted with the beginning of the Administration of PresidentGeorge W. Bush is that of renewing the President's lapsed authority to submit reorganization plansto Congress. The general rationale offered for renewing this authority is that it would provideadditional flexibility and discretion... | [
"Reorganization authority was delegated by Congress to the President (5 U.S.C. 901-912)from time to time under various forms between 1932 and 1984. The rationale for this delegation wasto be found in the view that the key to effective and efficient government lay in delegation byCongress to the President of broad a... |
train_11538 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional attention has recently been directed towards two practices within the pharmaceutical industry. The first pertains to "reverse payment" or "pay-for-delay" settlements of patent litigation. Under this scenario, a generic firm agrees to neither challenge the brand-name company's patents nor sell a generic ve... | [
"The increasing costs of health care have focused congressional attention upon both the development and public availability of prescription drugs. Congress has long recognized that the patent system has an important role to play in the pharmaceutical industry in each respect. The Drug Price Competition and Patent T... |
train_11539 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pass-through businesses—sole proprietorships, partnerships, and S corporations—generate more than half of all business income in the United States. Pass-through income is, in general, taxed only once at the individual income tax rates when it is distributed to its owners. In contrast, the income of C corporations is ta... | [
"M ore than half of business income is generated by sole proprietorships, partnerships, and S corporations. Businesses that choose one of these organizational forms are often referred to as \"pass-throughs\" because the income they earn passes through the company to its owners without triggering a business-level ta... |
train_11540 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, functions, and systems across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures (e.g., electricity, the power plants that generate it, and the electric gri... | [
"Certain socioeconomic activities are vital to the day-to-day functioning and security of the country; for example, transportation of goods and people, communications, banking and finance, and the supply and distribution of electricity and water. Domestic security and our ability to monitor, deter, and respond to h... |
train_11541 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Veterans' employment outcomes in the civilian labor market are an issue of ongoing congressional interest. This report offers introductory data on veterans' performance in the civilian labor market as well as a discussion of veteran-targeted federal programs that provide employment-related benefits and services. Accord... | [
"Veterans' employment outcomes in the civilian sector are an issue of ongoing congressional interest. A number of programs currently exist to assist veterans in obtaining or training for civilian employment. There is regular congressional debate about expanding or otherwise amending these programs to better serve v... |
train_11542 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article II of the Constitution provides that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and counsels, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided... | [
"The Constitution establishes that the President \"shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and counsels, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for ... |
train_11543 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Al Qaeda (AQ) has evolved into a significantly different terrorist organization than the one that perpetrated the September 11, 2001, attacks. At the time, Al Qaeda was composed mostly of a core cadre of veterans of the Afghan insurgency against the Soviet Union, with a centralized leadership structure made up mostly o... | [
"The Al Qaeda movement has transformed in recent years: some of the strategic objectives of the original, or core, organization have remained consistent while the views and goals of new affiliates, leaders, and recruits have evolved and become more diverse. Osama Bin Laden's Al Qaeda and the affiliated organization... |
train_11544 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 110th Congress maintained an interest in the situation of Afro-Latinos in Latin America, particularly the plight of Afro-Colombians affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. In recent years, people of African descent in the Spanish-and Portuguese-speaking nations of Latin America—also known as "Afro-Latinos"—have... | [
"Persons of African descent, commonly referred to as \"Afro-Latinos,\" along with women and indigenous populations, are among the poorest and most marginalized groups in Latin America. The term \"Afro-Latinos,\" as used within the international development community and the U.S. government, generally refers to Afro... |
train_11545 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking have eroded Afghanistan's fragile political and economic order over the last 30 years. In spite of ongoing counternarcotics efforts by the Afghan government, the United States, and their partners, Afghanistan remains the source of over 90% of the world's illicit opium. Since... | [
"In spite of ongoing international efforts to combat Afghanistan's narcotics trade, U.N. officials estimate that Afghanistan supplies over 90% of the world's illicit opium. Afghan, U.S., and international officials have stated that opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking constitute serious strategic threats to... |
train_11546 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 23, 2006, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ordered the District Court for the Southern District of Florida to enjoin EchoStar Communications Corporation from retransmitting all programming originating on any station affiliated with ABC, Inc.; CBS Broadcasting, Inc.; Fox Broadcasting Co.; or National Broadca... | [
"On May 23, 2006, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ordered the District Court for the Southern District of Florida to impose an injunction on EchoStar Communications Corporation to cease retransmitting all programming originating on stations affiliated with ABC, Inc.; CBS Broadcasting, Inc.; Fox Broadcasting C... |
train_11547 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Colombia is one of the largest producers of cocaine globally, and it also produces heroin bound for the United States. Counternarcotics policy has long been a key component of the U.S.-Colombian relationship, which some analysts have described as "driven by drugs." In recent years, Colombia revised its approach to coun... | [
"Counternarcotics policy has been the defining issue in U.S.-Colombian relations since the 1980s because of Colombia's preeminence as a source country for illicit drugs. Peru and Bolivia were the main global producers of cocaine in the 1980s and early 1990s; however, successful efforts in reducing supply in those c... |
train_11548 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System comprises 12 regional banks (the Banks) that form a collective government-sponsored enterprise (GSE). As a GSE, the Banks have special ties to the federal government that accord them "agency" status and lead investors in capital markets to infer that the government would step in... | [
"The 12 banks (the Banks) that make up the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System constitute one collective government-sponsored enterprise (GSE). Originally chartered by Congress to provide liquidity to the nation's predominant lenders for home mortgage loans—savings and loan associations and savings banks—the Banks... |
train_11549 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some economists have long criticized the American model of central banking for featuring multiple policy goals, discretion on the part of the central bankers as to which goal to emphasize, freedom in the choice of instruments to achieve the policy goals, and rather vague accountability for policy failures if, indeed, t... | [
"The 1970s stand out in the post-World War II era as the inflation decade. This is evident from the data in Table 1 for the leading industrial countries. Inflation served to motivate public policy in a number of countries. A major impetus of these initiatives was to focus central banks on one major policy goal: the... |
train_11550 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of the legal requirements for dual citizenship and some of the issues concerning dual citizenship. There are several potential problems and issues falling into two categories—first, actions which may result in expatriation from the U.S., i.e., loss of American citizenship, and second, p... | [
"This report provides an overview of the legal requirements for dual citizenship and some of the issues concerning dual citizenship. There are several potential problems and issues falling into two categories—first, actions which may result in expatriation from the U.S., i.e. , loss of American citizenship, and sec... |
train_11551 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The September 11, 2012, attack on U.S. facilities in Benghazi, Libya, prompted sustained congressional attention on the specific circumstances of the events in question, as well as broader questions regarding how U.S. diplomatic personnel and facilities abroad are secured. Ensuring that the Department of State is bette... | [
"While attacks on U.S. diplomatic facilities and personnel abroad are not infrequent, the severity of the September 11, 2012, attack on U.S. facilities in Benghazi, Libya, has caused a reexamination of measures in place to protect U.S. diplomatic personnel and facilities abroad. Ambassador Christopher Stevens was t... |
train_11552 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Caribbean island-nation of Jamaica has had a relatively stable parliamentary political system stemming from its history of British colonial rule. Current Prime Minister Bruce Golding of the Jamaica Labour Party was elected in September 2007 when his party defeated the long-ruling People's National Party led by then... | [
"An English-speaking Caribbean nation with a population of about 2.8 million, Jamaica has had a relatively stable parliamentary political system stemming from its history of British colonial rule, even though extensive political violence often marred national elections in the 1970s and 1980s. Two political parties—... |
train_11553 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In mid-2005, wireless communications managers commenced the process of moving selected public safety radio channels to new frequencies. This step was part of a rebanding plan to mitigate persistent problems with interference to public safety radio communications. The majority of documented incidents of interference was... | [
"Wireless signals are subject to various types of interference, even when operating within assigned frequencies. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates commercial radio, television, commercial wireless services, and state and local public safety and other non-federal uses of radio frequency spectrum.... |
train_11554 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 109th Congress is considering legislation to reauthorize and amend programs that werecreated or revised in the 1996 welfare reform law. Early in 2005, the Senate Committees on Financeand Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) reported their welfare reauthorization legislation(respectively, S. 667 and S. 525 ... | [
"The 109th Congress is considering legislation to reauthorize and amend programs that werecreated or revised in the 1996 welfare reform law. (1) Early in the 109th Congress, the Senate Finance and Health,Education, Labor, and Pensions Committees approved and reported their welfare reauthorizationlegislation (respec... |
train_11555 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bush Administration has made bilateral and regional free-trade agreements (FTAs) an important element of U.S. trade policy, a strategy known as "competitive liberalization." This strategy, it argues, will push forward trade liberalization simultaneously on bilateral, regional, and multilateral fronts. It is meant t... | [
"September 22, 2008: The United States launches negotiations to join the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement. July 29, 2008: A WTO negotiating ministerial ends without agreement on Doha Round modalities in Geneva. July 14, 2008: The United States and Malaysia held a round of FTA negotiations. June 25, 2008... |
train_11556 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal tax code classifies state and local bonds as either governmental bonds or private activity bonds. Governmental bonds are intended for governmental projects, and private activity bonds are for projects that primarily benefit private entities. Typically, the interest earned by holders of governmental bonds is... | [
"State and local governments issue debt for most large public capital projects such as new schools, public buildings, and roads. On occasion, state and local governments will issue debt for projects whose purpose is less public in nature, such as privately owned and operated multifamily residential housing. Neverth... |
train_11557 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Alvaro Colom, of the center-left Nation Union of Hope (UNE) party, defeated right-wing candidate Otto Pérez Molina of the Patriot Party, in November 4, 2007 run-off elections. President-elect Colom will take office on January 14, 2008. No single presidential candidate won a majority of votes in the first round held on... | [
"Center-left presidential candidate Alvaro Colom of the National Union for Hope (UNE) defeated General Otto Pérez Molina of the right-wing Patriot Party (PP) in the November 4, 2007 run-off elections, which were considered free and fair. Voter turnout fell to under 50%, down from nearly 60% in the September 9 firs... |
train_11558 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA), P.L. 112-144, amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to expand the authority of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in performing its human drug, biological product, and medical device responsibilities. Frequently referred to as th... | [
"The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA), P.L. 112-144 , continues the five-year reauthorization cycle of the prescription drug and medical device user fee programs that allow the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to collect fees and use the revenue to support the review of brand-name d... |
train_11559 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prescription drugs often cost far more in the United States than in other countries. Some consumers have attempted to import medications from abroad in order to realize cost savings. The practice of importing prescription drugs outside the distribution channels established by the brand-name drug company is commonly ter... | [
"The pricing of prescription drugs remains a significant concern for many U.S. consumers. As spending on health care has risen in recent years, so too has consumer interest in purchasing more affordable medications. Overseas markets provide one possible source of less costly prescription drugs. Some comparative stu... |
train_11560 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The decline of salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia Basin began in the second half of the 19th Century. Activities such as logging, farming, mining, irrigation, and commercial fishing all contributed to the decline, and populations further declined since the construction and operation of the Federal Columbi... | [
"Salmon and steelhead are anadromous fish, meaning they are born in freshwater, migrate to the ocean to mature, and return to their place of birth to spawn. Dams and their operations make the migrations treacherous both up and downstream. Federal dams have had an effect on salmon and steelhead populations in the Co... |
train_11561 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress and the President to provide FY2015 appropriations for accounts funded by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) appropriations bill. This bill provides funding for all accounts subject to the annu... | [
"This report provides an overview of FY2015 appropriations actions for accounts traditionally funded in the appropriations bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This bill provides discretionary and mandatory appropriations to three federal depa... |
train_11562 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 30, 2008, President Bush signed into law a bill, H.R. 2642 (P.L. 110-252), that makes supplemental appropriations for FY2008 and FY2009, extends unemployment payments, and expands veterans' educational benefits. The House approved the measure on June 19 and the Senate on June 26. As enacted, the bill reflects c... | [
"On June 30, 2008, President Bush signed H.R. 2642 ( P.L. 110-252 ), a bill which makes supplemental appropriations for FY2008 and FY2009 for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and for other purposes. The bill also extends unemployment payments, and expands veterans' educational benefits. The House had pas... |
train_11563 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A flu pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of an influenza virus. As such, the United States' response to a flu pandemic would have both international and domestic components. Additionally, the domestic response effort would include contributions from every governmental level (local, state, tribal, and federal), non-govern... | [
"A flu pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of an influenza virus. As such, the United States' response to a flu pandemic would have both international and domestic components. Additionally, the domestic response effort would depend upon contributions from every governmental level (local, state, tribal, and federal), n... |
train_11564 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 108th Congress, the House and Senate passed competing versions of the Patient Safetyand Quality Improvement Act ( H.R. 663 , S. 720 ), but the differencesbetween the two measures were never resolved. On March 9, 2005, the Senate Committee onHealth, Education, Labor, and Pensions unanimously approved S. 544 , whi... | [
"In the 108th Congress, the House and Senate passed competing versions of the Patient Safetyand Quality Improvement Act ( H.R. 663 , S. 720 ). Despite broad bipartisansupport for the legislation, no further action took place before adjournment in December 2004. OnMarch 9, 2005, the Senate Committee on Health, Educa... |
train_11565 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Geographical indications (GIs) are place names used to identify products that come from these places and to protect the quality and reputation of a distinctive product originating in a certain region. The term is most often applied to wines, spirits, and agricultural products. Some food producers benefit from the use o... | [
"G eographical indications (GIs) are place names used to identify products that come from these places, and to protect the quality and reputation of a distinctive product originating in a certain region. The term is most often applied to wines, spirits, and agricultural products. Examples of registered or establish... |
train_11566 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past several years, China has enjoyed one of the world's fastest-growing economies and has been a major contributor to world economic growth. However, the current global financial crisis has significantly slowed China's economy; real gross domestic product (GDP) fell from 13.0% in 2007 to 8.0% in 2008. Several... | [
"China's economy is heavily dependent on global trade and investment flows. In 2007, China overtook the United States to become the world's second-largest merchandise exporter after the European Union (EU). China's net exports (exports minus imports) contributed to one-third of its GDP growth in 2007. China's expor... |
train_11567 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses Rothe Development Corporation v. Department of Defense, a case involving a constitutional challenge to a minority contracting program authorized under Section 1207 of the Department of Defense (DOD) Authorization Act of 1987. This program allowed DOD to take 10% off the price of offers submitted b... | [
"On November 4, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued its decision in Rothe Development Corporation v. Department of Defense , a case involving a challenge to the constitutionality of a \"small disadvantaged business\" (SDB) program of the Department of Defense (DOD). As part of the SDB pro... |
train_11568 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses legislative attempts to amend the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) to allow for union certification without an election, based on signed employee authorizations. The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), introduced most recently as H.R. 1409 and S. 560 in the 111th Congress, would have allowed union... | [
"Legislation that would allow a union to become the exclusive bargaining representative of a unit of employees without an election has been proposed in recent Congresses. The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA or the act), introduced most recently as H.R. 1409 and S. 560 in the 111 th Congress, would have amended the N... |
train_11569 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Radio frequency spectrum policy issues before Congress are characterized by economic, technological and regulatory complexity. Of particular interest to policy makers are the allocation of spectrum for specific types of use (such as TV broadcasting, radio, advanced wireless services, or unlicensed) and the assignment o... | [
"Radio frequency spectrum is used for all forms of wireless communications, including cellular telephony, paging, personal communications service, radio and television broadcast, telephone radio relay, aeronautical and maritime radio navigation, and satellite command and control. Spectrum policy covers both satelli... |
train_11570 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A statute of limitations dictates the time period within which a legal proceeding must begin. The purpose of a statute of limitations in a criminal case is to ensure the prompt prosecution of criminal charges and thereby spare the accused of the burden of having to defend against stale charges after memories may have f... | [
"The Constitution's Speedy Trial Clause protects the criminally accused against unreasonable delays between his indictment and trial. Before indictment, the statutes of limitation, and in extreme circumstances, the Due Process Clauses protect the accused from unreasonable delays. This is an overview of federal law ... |
train_11571 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Conference committees have long been known as the "third house of Congress." They are often the principal forum for resolving bicameral differences on major measures when the House and Senate pass dissimilar versions of the same bills. Current developments suggest, however, that the "third house" characterization might... | [
"Conference committees have long been known as \"the third house of Congress.\" In a bicameral legislature like the U.S. Congress, they are usually the principal forum for reconciling major bills passed in dissimilar form by the two houses. These bicameral units often write the final version of major measures that ... |
train_11572 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Geographic proximity has forged strong linkages between the United States and the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean, with critical U.S. interests encompassing economic, political, and security concerns. U.S. policy makers have emphasized different strategic interests in the region at different times, from comb... | [
"Foreign assistance is one of the tools the United States has employed to advance U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the focus and funding levels of aid programs changing along with broader U.S. policy goals. Current aid programs reflect the diversity of the countries in the region. Some countr... |
train_11573 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The nexus of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS) and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the nature of warfare. RAS offers the possibility of a wide range of platforms—not just weapon systems—that can perform "dull, dangerous, and dirty" tasks—potentially reducing the risks to soldiers and Marine... | [
"The nexus of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS) and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the nature of warfare. RAS offers the possibility of a wide range of platforms—not just weapon systems—that can perform \"dull, dangerous, and dirty\" tasks—potentially reducing the risks to soldiers and... |
train_11574 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, P.L. 112-95, Congress has tasked the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with integrating unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), sometimes referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones, into the national airspace system by September 2015. Although the text of ... | [
"The integration of drones into U.S. skies is expected by many to yield significant commercial and societal benefits. Drones could be employed to inspect pipelines, survey crops, and monitor the weather. One newspaper has already used a drone to survey storm damage, and real estate agents have used them to survey p... |
train_11575 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | States and localities have the primary responsibility for prevention and control of domestic crime. As crime became more rampant, the federal government increased its involvement in crime control efforts. Over a period of 10 years, Congress passed five major anti-crime bills and increased appropriations for federal ass... | [
"The prevention and control of domestic crime has traditionally been a responsibility of state and local governments, with the federal government playing more of a supportive role. The federal government increased its involvement in domestic law enforcement through a series of grant programs to encourage and assist... |
train_11576 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Iron emerged in the eighth century B.C., helping to usher in the use of cavalry instead of chariots. Today's new technologies, including the development of precision-guided weaponry, have given rise to new methods of war fighting, thus bringing dramatic change to the operational battlefield. As will other decision make... | [
"This report provides background information and considers issues for Congress related to the worldwide proliferation of \"precision strike\" capabilities. Precision strike systems utilize projectiles, bombs, missiles, torpedoes, and other weapons that can actively correct for initial-aiming or subsequent errors by... |
train_11577 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Barack Obama signed H.R. 1, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, into law on February 17, 2009, as P.L. 111-5 (123 Stat. 115-521). The act is seen as one of the most significant legislative responses made thus far to the current economic turmoil. This report provides a summary and legisl... | [
"President Barack Obama signed H.R. 1 , the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, into law on February 17, 2009, as P.L. 111-5 (123 Stat. 115-521). This report provides a summary and legislative history of ARRA and identifies other resources that provide additional information regarding its content... |
train_11578 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Amber Alerts (also referred to as AMBER plans) were created to disseminate information about child abductions in a timely manner. Research has found that most abducted children murdered by their kidnappers are killed within three hours of the abduction. Prompt response to child abductions is therefore deemed critical b... | [
"Amber Alerts (also referred to as AMBER ) use technology to disseminate information about child abductions in a timely manner. Typically an Amber Alert is triggered for children under 18 who are believed by law enforcement officers to have been abducted (except in cases of parental abduction). Research has found t... |
train_11579 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (H.R. 2, CHIPRA) was first passed in the House on January 14, 2009, and an amended version was passed in the Senate on January 29, 2009. On February 4, 2009, the House passed H.R. 2 as amended by the Senate and later that day President Obama signed the... | [
"The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 ( P.L. 105-33 , BBA-97) established the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) under a new Title XXI of the Social Security Act. CHIP builds on Medicaid by providing health care coverage to low-income, uninsured children in families with incomes above applicable Medicaid i... |
train_11580 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA08) requires implementation of positive train control (PTC) on railroads which carry passengers or have high-volume freight traffic with toxic- or poisonous-by-inhalation hazardous materials. PTC is a communications and signaling system that has been identified by the Nation... | [
"Following several high-profile train incidents, Congress passed the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA08; P.L. 110-432 ), which mandated positive train control (PTC) on many passenger and freight railroads by December 31, 2015. The law does not describe PTC in technical terms, but defines it as a risk mitig... |
train_11581 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government has relied primarily on two policy tools in recent years to help mitigate the financial losses experienced by crop farmers as a result of natural disasters—a federal crop insurance program and congressionally mandated ad-hoc crop disaster payments. Congress has made several modifications to the c... | [
"Agriculture is generally viewed as an inherently risky enterprise. Farm production levels can vary significantly from year to year and by location, primarily because farmers operate at the mercy of nature, and frequently are subjected to weather-related and other natural disasters. Since the Great Depression, poli... |
train_11582 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under current Department of Homeland Security (DHS) guidance on immigration-related worksite enforcement, the agency uses available civil and administrative tools, including civil fines and debarment, to penalize and prevent unlawful employment. According to 2012 estimates, there are some 8.1 million unauthorized worke... | [
"According to the estimates by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), some 11.4 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the United States in 2012. The Pew Research Center's unauthorized alien population estimate for 2012 was 11.2 million, which included some 8.1 million unauthorized workers in the U.S. c... |
train_11583 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Food fraud, or the act of defrauding buyers of food or ingredients for economic gain—whether they be consumers or food manufacturers, retailers, and importers—has vexed the food industry throughout history. Some of the earliest reported cases of food fraud, dating back thousands of years, involved olive oil, tea, wine,... | [
"Food fraud, or the act of defrauding buyers of food and food ingredients for economic gain—whether they be consumers or food manufacturers, retailers, and importers—has vexed the food industry throughout history. Some of the earliest reported cases of food fraud, dating back thousands of years, involved olive oil,... |
train_11584 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The capacity, transparency, legitimacy, and cohesiveness of Afghan governance are crucial to Afghan stability as nearly all international forces exit Afghanistan by the end of 2016. The size and capability of the Afghan governing structure has increased significantly since the Taliban regime fell in late 2001, but the ... | [
"Afghanistan's governing structure has historically consisted of a weak central government unwilling or unable to enforce significant financial or administrative mandates on all of Afghanistan's diverse ethnic communities or on the 80% of Afghans who live in rural areas. Ethnic and rural communities, many of which ... |
train_11585 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The development of the Internet has revolutionized communications. It has never been easier to speak to wide audiences or to communicate with people that may be located more than half a world away from the speaker. However, like any neutral platform, the Internet can be used to many different ends, including illegal, o... | [
"The development of the Internet has revolutionized communications. It has never been easier to speak to wide audiences or to communicate with people who may be located more than half a world away from the speaker. However, like any neutral platform, the Internet can be used for many different ends, including illeg... |
train_11586 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the past two decades, the privatization of federal agencies and activities has been much debated. That said, privatization—here defined as the use of the private sector in the provision of a good or service, the components of which include financing, operations (supplying, production, delivery), and quality cont... | [
"Newspapers and journals carry reports of efforts by local, state, and national governments to privatize government agencies or services. Privatization initiatives are being considered and carried out in nation-states around the world. Privatization is an idea that has attracted both strong adherents and vociferous... |
train_11587 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A variety of statutes and agency regulations govern leasing and permitting for oil and gasdevelopment on federal lands. This report first explains the legal framework for oil and gas leasingand development on federal "public domain" lands, which involves an overview of the following: laws and regulations affecting whic... | [
"A variety of interrelated statutes and agency regulations govern leasing and permitting foroil and gas development on federal lands. The national mining and minerals policy fosters andencourages the following activities: private enterprise in ... the development of economicallysound and stable domestic mining, min... |
train_11588 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Between 2008 and 2015, economic growth has been, depending on the indicator, one-quarter to one-half the long-term average since World War II. Economic performance has been variable throughout the post-war period, but recent growth is markedly weaker than previous low growth periods, such as 1974 to 1995. Initially, sl... | [
"F ollowing the housing crash and financial crisis that began to unfold in 2007, the United States experienced the longest and deepest recession since the Great Depression. The \"Great Recession\" that began in December 2007 could be explained after the fact based on the disruptions to the financial system caused b... |
train_11589 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, as amended; 2 U.S.C. 601-688) provides for the annual adoption of a concurrent resolution on the budget each year. The congressional budget resolution represents a budget plan for the upcoming fiscal year and at least the following four fiscal years. As ... | [
"The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344 , as amended; 2 U.S.C. 601-688; hereafter referred to as the \"Budget Act\") provides for the annual adoption of a concurrent resolution on the budget each year. The congressional budget resolution represents a budget plan for the upcoming fiscal yea... |
train_11590 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As of the date of this report, Members in the 111th Congress have introduced nine stand-alone proposals that would control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proposals offered to date would employ market-based approaches—either a cap-and-trade or carbon tax system, or some combination thereof—to reduce GHG emissions. ... | [
"A diverse array of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is currently under way or being developed on the international, national, and sub-national level (e.g., individual state actions or regional partnerships). Proposals in the U.S. Congress have generally focused on market-based approaches, but some ... |
train_11591 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSLs) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56) exp... | [
"National security letter (NSL) authority began with dissatisfaction with the exception to the privacy provisions of the Right to Financial Privacy Act (RFPA). Congress initially acted, without a great deal of analysis on the record, to be sure the exception was not too broadly construed. But the exception was just... |
train_11592 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 23, 2005, President Bush signed the Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005 (KETRA; H.R. 3768 ) into law, P.L. 109-73 . It primarily contains temporary tax relief intended to directly and indirectly assist individuals in recovering from Hurricane Katrina. The provisions cover a variety of areas, including... | [
"The Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005, P.L. 109-73 , provides tax relief that is intended to assist the victims of Hurricane Katrina. Some of its provisions distinguish between the \"Hurricane Katrina disaster area,\" which is the presidentially declared disaster area, and the \"core disaster area,\" which ... |
train_11593 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2011, Burma's ruling military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) formally dissolved itself and transferred power to a semi-military/semi-civilian government known as the Union Government, headed by President Thein Sein, ex-general and former prime minister for the SPDC. President Thein Sein,... | [
"The United States imposes sanctions on Burma through a variety of means, including certain laws and presidential executive orders (E.O.s) specifically targeting Burma, as well as laws that impose sanctions on countries for unacceptable behavior related to functional issues of importance to the U.S. government, suc... |
train_11594 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual consideration of appropriations bills (regular, continuing, and supplemental) by Congress is part of a complex set of budget processes that also encompasses the consideration of budget resolutions, revenue and debt-limit legislation, other spending measures, and reconciliation bills. In addition, the operati... | [
"On October 4, 2006, P.L. 109-295 was signed into law. Both the House and Senate approved the conference report ( H.Rept. 109-699 ) on September 29, 2006; the House by a vote of 412-6, and the Senate by a voice vote. P.L. 109-295 provides gross total budget authority of $41.4 billion for the Department of Homeland ... |
train_11595 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A biological product, or biologic, is a preparation, such as a drug or a vaccine, that is made from living organisms. Compared with conventional chemical drugs, biologics are relatively large and complex molecules. They may be composed of proteins (and/or their constituent amino acids), carbohydrates (such as sugars), ... | [
"A biologic or biological product is a preparation, such as a therapeutic drug or a vaccine, made from living organisms, either human, animal, yeast, or microorganisms. Biologics are composed of proteins (and/or their constituent amino acids), carbohydrates (such as sugars), nucleic acids (such as DNA), or combinat... |
train_11596 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Speech or Debate Clause (Clause) of the U.S. Constitution states that "[F]or any Speech or Debate in either House," Members of Congress (Members) "shall not be questioned in any other Place." The Clause serves various purposes: principally to protect the independence and integrity of the legislative branch by prote... | [
"[F]or any Speech or Debate in either House, [The Senators and Representatives] shall not be questioned in any other Place. U.S. Const. Art I, § 6 cl. 1 The Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause (Clause) represents a key pillar in the American separation of powers. The Clause, which derives its form from the langu... |
train_11597 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) granted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate cosmetic products and their ingredients. The statutory provisions of the FFDCA that address cosmetics include adulteration and misbranding provisions. In addition to the FFDCA, cosmetics are re... | [
"The U.S. cosmetic, beauty supply, and perfume retail industry consists of approximately 13,000 establishments, with annual revenue of about $10 billion. Worldwide, the cosmetics and personal care products industry has more than $250 billion in annual retail sales. According to economic census data released in 2009... |
train_11598 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For the past 22 years, Afghanistan has been embroiled in conflict. Humanitarian assistance programs have been a key partof the overall multilateral effort to relieve human suffering and assist refugees and internally displaced persons(IDPs). Since September 11, 2001, while actions are still being taken to eliminate Tal... | [
"Even before the current crisis, Afghanistan had suffered twenty-two years of war, which included a long Sovietoccupation,followed by civil war, and, beginning in 1996, harsh Taliban rule in most of the country. (1) With a devastated infrastructureand minimal government and social services, even basic health care a... |
train_11599 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent developments in the subprime home loan market have triggered concern in Congress and the public at large as to whether borrowers were fully informed about the terms of their mortgage loans. Some observers have suggested that some borrowers in the subprime market may have been victims of predatory lending practic... | [
"Recent mortgage repayment problems and subsequent increases in foreclosures have generated concern in Congress as to whether borrowers are taking out high interest loans that they cannot afford. There are at least four possible explanations why some borrowers receive higher-priced loans. First, borrowers with weak... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.