id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_12500 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"—a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are... | [
"China is a major global producer of many raw materials, and, in some cases, a dominant producer. Particular concern has been raised in the United States and elsewhere over China's near-monopoly in the production of \"rare earths\"—a group of 17 elements whose unique properties make them critical in a variety of ad... |
train_12501 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examines and approves applications for patents on claimed inventions and administers the registration of trademarks. It also assists other federal departments and agencies protect American intellectual property in the international marketplace. The USPTO is funded by user fe... | [
"The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examines and approves applications for patents on claimed inventi ons and administers the registration of trademarks. It also assists other federal departments and agencies to protect American intellectual property in the international marketplace. The USPTO is funded b... |
train_12502 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A persistently high unemployment rate is of concern to Congress for a variety of reasons, including its negative consequences for the economic well-being of individuals and its impact on the federal budget. The unemployment rate was 9.5% when the economy emerged from the 11th postwar recession in June 2009. It climbed ... | [
"Despite the resumption of economic (output) growth in June 2009, the unemployment rate remains at an historically high level more than three years into the recovery from the 11 th recession of the postwar period. Not until the fourth quarter of 2012 did the unemployment rate drop below 8%, its lowest level since J... |
train_12503 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has ruled against certain restrictions on the trademark rights of Cubans imposed under § 211 of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1998. Congress has responded with several proposals to comply with the ruling,... | [
"Congress enacted § 211 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998 effectively to prohibit Cuban nationals or their non-Cuban successors in interest from protecting certain trademarks or trade names in the United States. Congress did so partly as a result of a dispute between two claimants to the \"Havana Club\" tra... |
train_12504 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government operates two major student loan programs: the Federal FamilyEducation Loan (FFEL) program, authorized by Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education Act(HEA), and the William D. Ford Direct Loan (DL) program, authorized by Part D of Title IV of theHEA. These programs provide loans to undergraduate... | [
"The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) is being considered for reauthorization. The HEAwas last reauthorized by the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 ( P.L. 105-244 ). Title IV of theact authorizes the major federal student aid programs, including the federal student loan programs,which provide more direct aid t... |
train_12505 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Technological innovation is a primary engine of long-term economic growth, and research and development (R&D) serves as the lifeblood of innovation. The federal government encourages private investment in R&D in several ways, including a tax credit for increases in spending on qualified research above a base amount. Th... | [
"Economists have gained notoriety for their differences of opinion on a variety of policy issues. Notable examples include the long-term economic effects of large, permanent tax cuts; the impact of illegal immigration on domestic wages; and the best ways to lessen income inequality. But on two issues there is littl... |
train_12506 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and related agencies. THUD programs receive both di... | [
"The Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations Subcommittees in the House and Senate are charged with drafting bills to provide annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and six small relat... |
train_12507 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For most disasters across the nation, the affected local, state, or tribal governments have sufficient capabilities to respond to the incident. However, for disasters with consequences that require unique capabilities or that overwhelm the existing capabilities of a respective state or tribal government, Congress has a... | [
"Natural, accidental, or intentional hazards produce disasters of varying severity and consequence in the nation every day. Local, state, or tribal governments respond to the significant majority of these disasters without support from the federal government. This is especially true in the initial phase of disaster... |
train_12508 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Rising procurement costs for Navy ships are a matter of concern for both Navy officials and Members of Congress who track Navy-related issues. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that executing the 30-year shipbuilding plan that the Navy submitted to Congress in early 2006 may require annual funding levels ... | [
"Rising procurement costs for Navy ships are a matter of concern for both Navy officials and Members of Congress who track Navy-related issues. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that executing a 30-year Navy shipbuilding plan submitted to Congress in early 2006 may require annual funding levels about ... |
train_12509 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In June 2005, G8 finance ministers proposed the new Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). The MDRI proposes to cancel debts of some of the world's poorest countries owed to the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and African Development Bank. This report discusses MDRI's implementation and raises some issues... | [
"The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) is the most recent effort by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and African Development Bank (AfDB) to provide poor country debt relief. Proposed by G8 finance ministers in June 2005, the MDRI provides 100% debt relief to select countries that are alre... |
train_12510 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA, Division A of H.R. 1424 , P.L. 110-343 ) established numerous reporting requirements regarding a variety of issues, and many of those reports have already been published. The entities charged with preparation of these reports include both new entities established ... | [
"The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA, Division A of H.R. 1424 , which was enacted on October 3, 2008, as P.L. 110-343 ) established numerous reporting requirements regarding a variety of issues. Some of the reporting requirements are assigned to newly established entities in the act, including th... |
train_12511 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is built on a structure conceived in the 1950s when over-the-air broadcasting was the best-available technology for widely disseminating emergency alerts. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) jointly administers EAS with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in cooperat... | [
"The two mainstays of the U.S. capacity to issue warnings are the Emergency Alert System (EAS), which relies primarily on broadcasting media, and the NOAA Weather Radio All-Hazards Network. The National Weather Service (NWS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sends alerts through NOAA Wea... |
train_12512 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) prohibits discrimination based on genetic information by health insurers and employers. GINA is divided into two main parts: Title I, which prohibits discrimination based on genetic information by health insurers; and Title II, which prohibits discrimination ... | [
"The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), referred to by its sponsors as the first civil rights act of the 21 st century, was enacted on May 21, 2008. GINA, P.L. 110-233 , prohibits discrimination based on genetic information by health insurers and employers. The sequencing of the human genome ... |
train_12513 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices are used in the analysis of human samples, such as blood or tissue, to provide information in making health care decisions. Examples of IVDs include (1) pregnancy test kits or blood glucose tests for home use; (2) laboratory tests for infectious disease, such as HIV or hepatitis, and r... | [
"In vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices, including genetic tests, provide information that is used to inform health care decision making. IVDs are devices that are used in laboratory analysis of human samples an d include commercial test products and instruments used in testing, among other things. IVDs may be used in a... |
train_12514 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government administers a number of programs, through multiple federal agencies, that are targeted to assisting people who are experiencing homelessness by providing housing, services, and supports. Some programs target specific populations, such as veterans and youth, while others serve all people who are h... | [
"Federal assistance targeted to homeless individuals and families was largely nonexistent prior to the mid-1980s. Although the Runaway and Homeless Youth program was enacted in 1974 as part of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act ( P.L. 93-415 ), the first federal program focused on assisting all hom... |
train_12515 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal executive branch owns and leases more than 275,000 buildings, with annual operating costs in excess of $21 billion. Oversight of this portfolio of buildings has been a priority for recent congresses, particularly since real property management has been identified as a "high-risk" area by the Government Acco... | [
"The federal executive branch controls an extensive real property portfolio that includes more than a quarter of a million owned and leased buildings. These buildings have been acquired over a period of decades to help federal agencies fulfill their unique missions. Agencies hold buildings with a range of uses, inc... |
train_12516 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the absence of a federal program requiring greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, a growing group of U.S. states are taking action in this arena. Significant actions have been undertaken in California and by a coalition of states from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. California has undertaken several initi... | [
"The connection between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere and climate change has motivated efforts to achieve reductions of GHG emissions. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which called on industrialized countries to initiate GHG ... |
train_12517 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning relatively low wages. Since the credit is refundable, an EITC recipient need not owe taxes to receive the benefit. Hence, many low-income workers, especially those with children, can receive significant financial assist... | [
"The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning relatively low wages. Because the credit is refundable, an EITC recipient need not owe taxes to receive the benefit. Hence, many working poor (especially those with children) who have little or no tax liability rec... |
train_12518 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is considering a number of trade agreements, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement (TPP) and the U.S.-European Union Trade and Investment Partnership. The Congress also may address the issue of trade promotion authority (TPA), which expired on July 1, 2007. In contrast with trade agr... | [
"Congress plays a direct role in formulating and implementing U.S. international trade policies. During the 108 th, -112 th Congresses, this role gained increased importance as the United States negotiated an unprecedented number of trade agreements. The 113 th Congress may also address two of the largest regional ... |
train_12519 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the Deepwater Horizon oil spill began on April 20, 2010, Congress has given much attention to the compensatory liability provisions of the Oil Pollution Act and, to a lesser extent, those of the Jones Act and the Death on the High Seas Act. However, federal laws possibly relevant to the oil spill also impose civi... | [
"Since the Deepwater Horizon oil spill began on April 20, 2010, Congress has given much attention to the compensatory liability provisions in the Oil Pollution Act. These set out the liability of an oil spill's \"responsible parties\" for the costs inflicted on others by the oil spill—in particular, cleanup costs a... |
train_12520 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Senate Rule XXVI spells out specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules that govern its organization and operation. Those committee rules then elaborate, within Senate rules, how the committee will handle its business. Rules adopted by a committee... | [
"Senate Rule XXVI spells out specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules that govern its organization and operation. Those committee rules then elaborate, within Senate rules, how the committee will handle questions of order and procedure. A c... |
train_12521 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | India, which has not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and does not have International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all of its nuclear material, exploded a "peaceful" nuclear device in 1974, convincing the world of the need for greater restrictions on nuclear trade. The United States created the Nuclear ... | [
"President Bush announced in a July 18, 2005, joint statement with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh that he would \"seek agreement from Congress to adjust U.S. laws and policies\" and \"work with friends and allies to adjust international regimes to enable full civil nuclear energy cooperation and trade with India.\" ... |
train_12522 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill provides funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the judiciary, the District of Columbia, and more than two dozen independent agencies. Among those independent agencies are the General Services Admi... | [
"On April 10, 2013, President Obama submitted his FY2014 budget request. The request included a total of $45.4 billion for agencies funded through the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill, including $315 million for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). On July 23, 2013, t... |
train_12523 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 108th Congress passed P.L. 108-446, which reauthorized and revised the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA is the major federal statute authorizing funds for special education and related services for children with disabilities, and providing detailed due process provisions to ensure that these... | [
"The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is both a grants statute and a civil rights statute. It provides federal funding for the education of children with disabilities and requires, as a condition for the receipt of such funds, the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE). The statut... |
train_12524 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the early 2000s, reports indicated that an increasing number of U.S. firms have altered their structure by substituting a foreign parent corporation for a domestic one. Such "inversions" typically involved the creation of a new foreign corporation in a country with low tax rates (a "tax haven") that becomes the pare... | [
"News reports and articles in professional tax journals in the early 2000s drew the attention of policymakers and the public to a phenomenon sometimes called corporate \"inversions\" or \"expatriations\": instances where firms that consist of multiple corporations reorganize their structure so that the \"parent\" e... |
train_12525 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has selected a number of the military personnel issues considered in deliberations on H.R. 4909 as passed by the House on May 26, 2016, S. 2943 as passed by the Sena... | [
"Each year, the House and Senate armed services committees take up national defense authorization bills. The House of Representatives passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 ( H.R. 4909 ) on May 26, 2016. The Senate passed its NDAA bill ( S. 2943 ) on June 14, 2016. These bills contain nu... |
train_12526 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report and its appendixes provide background information on Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, and U.S. policy towards it. It also includes information and analysis on (1) the threats Hamas currently poses to U.S. interests, (2) how Hamas compares with other Middle East terrorist groups, (3) Hamas's ideolo... | [
"Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood, a Sunni religious and political organization founded in Egypt in 1928 that has branches throughout the world. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada ... |
train_12527 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term prosecutorial discretion is commonly used to describe the wide latitude that prosecutors have in determining when, whom, how, and even whether to prosecute apparent violations of the law. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and, later, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and its components h... | [
"The term prosecutorial discretion is commonly used to describe the \"wide latitude\" that prosecutors have in determining when, whom, how, and even whether to prosecute apparent violations of the law. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and, later, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and its com... |
train_12528 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes the FY2015 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). While this report makes note of many budgetary resources provided to DHS, its primary focus is on funding approved by Congress through the appropriations process. The Administration requested $38.332 billion in adjusted net di... | [
"This report describes and analyzes the discretionary appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for fiscal year 2015 (FY2015). It compares the President's request for FY2015 funding for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the enacted FY2014 appropriations for DHS, the House- and Senate-rep... |
train_12529 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income—a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being—is forecast at $66.3 billion in 2018, down over $9 billion (-12%) from last year. The forecast decline in 2018 net farm income is the result of a small increase in gross returns (up $5.8 billion or +1.3... | [
"The U.S. farm sector is vast and varied. It encompasses production activities related to traditional field crops (such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton) and livestock and poultry products (including meat, dairy, and eggs), as well as fruits, tree nuts, and vegetables. In addition, U.S. agricultural output incl... |
train_12530 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress is involved in the long-running and costly decision regarding the future production of "pits"; a pit is a nuclear weapon's plutonium core. Rocky Flats Plant (CO) mass-produced pits during the Cold War; production ceased in 1989. The Department of Energy (DOE), which maintains U.S. nuclear weapons, then establi... | [
"Congress is involved in the long-running and costly decision regarding the future production of \"pits\"; a pit is the plutonium core of the primary stage of a nuclear weapon. When imploded by high explosives, a pit becomes so compressed that it results in a nuclear explosion that provides the energy to detonate t... |
train_12531 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When a major disaster overwhelms a state or tribal nation's response capacity, the state's governor or tribal nation's chief executive may request a major disaster declaration from the federal government. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act authorizes the President to issue major disaste... | [
"The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( P.L. 93-288 , hereinafter the Stafford Act) authorizes the President to issue declarations that authorize a range of federal assistance in response to natural or man-made incidents that overwhelm state, local, or tribal capacities. When a major ... |
train_12532 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 11, in response to the global spread of a new strain of influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the level of influenza pandemic alert to phase 6, which indicates the start of an actual pandemic. This change reflected the spread of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus, not its severity. Although current... | [
"On June 11, in response to the global spread of a new strain of influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the level of influenza pandemic alert to phase 6, the highest level, which indicates the start of an actual pandemic. This change in alert level reflected the spread of the new virus, not its sever... |
train_12533 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | News of humans infected with Ebola in West Africa, avian influenza in China, polio in the Middle East, and dengue fever in the Caribbean are examples of reports that heighten concerns about the health screenings of people arriving in the United States. Under current law, foreign nationals who wish to come to the United... | [
"News of humans infected with Ebola in West Africa, avian influenza in China, polio in the Middle East, and dengue fever in the Caribbean are examples of reports that heighten concerns about the health screenings of people arriving in the United States. Worldwide migration has hit unprecedented levels, now roughly ... |
train_12534 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under its civil works mission, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) undertakes water resource projects. The majority of Corps civil works projects involve commercial navigation, flood risk management, and ecosystem restoration. Before Congress will authorize the construction of or appropriate funds for most Cor... | [
"U.S. \"water resources\" include streams, rivers, wetlands, estuaries, lakes, and coasts. Those resources support billions of dollars in commerce, provide drinking water, supply habitat for fish and wildlife, and provide recreational opportunities. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) is one of several fed... |
train_12535 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In civil cases, courts sometimes award punitive (or exemplary) damages in addition to compensatory damages. Compensatory damages are meant to redress the "loss the plaintiff has suffered by reason of the defendant's wrongful conduct," in an attempt to "compensate" the injured person for the loss suffered. Where a defen... | [
"In civil cases, courts sometimes award punitive (or exemplary) damages in addition to compensatory damages. Compensatory damages are meant to redress the \"loss the plaintiff has suffered by reason of the defendant's wrongful conduct,\" in an attempt to \"compensate\" the injured person for the loss suffered. Wher... |
train_12536 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The pace of efforts to revive suspended World Trade Organization Doha Round trade negotiations has quickened as the July 2007 expiration for fast-track or trade promotion authority for expedited congressional consideration of trade agreement legislation approaches. Although technical negotiations have addressed specifi... | [
"This report discusses agricultural issues in World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade negotiations—the so-called Doha Round or the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). The initial focus is on the implications of the suspension of Doha negotiations in July 2006 for future trade negotiations and the next U.S. far... |
train_12537 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses the campaign and results of Russia's March 2, 2008, presidential election and implications for Russia and U.S. interests. Popular outgoing President Vladimir Putin endorsed his First Deputy Prime Minister, Dmitriy Medvedev, who easily won an election viewed by some observers as not free and fair. ... | [
"The popular Russian President Vladimir Putin—in his second and constitutionally-limited final term in office—was faced in 2007 with the decision of either stepping down at the expiration of his second term or with abolishing constitutional term limits. After he announced in April 2005 that he would not change the ... |
train_12538 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides the freedom to individuals to exercise their religious beliefs without governmental interference, and simultaneously prohibits government actions that benefit followers of one faith over another. At times, when government actions would otherwise burden individuals' ... | [
"The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides the freedom to individuals to exercise their religious beliefs without governmental interference, and simultaneously prohibits government actions that benefit followers of one faith over another. At times, when government actions would otherwise burden individu... |
train_12539 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal efforts to bolster farm household incomes and the rural economy by providing support to producers of key crops has been a central pillar of U.S. farm policy since such programs were first introduced in the 1930s. Current farm support programs are counter-cyclical in design—that is payments are triggered when th... | [
"The farm bill is omnibus, multi-year legislation that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. It is typically reauthorized about every five years. The current 2014 farm bill ( P.L. 113-79 ) contains 12 titles that address commodity program payments, farm credit, trade, agricultural conservation, resear... |
train_12540 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced on May 31, 2013, that a variety of genetically engineered (GE) wheat had been discovered in a field in eastern Oregon. No varieties of genetically modified wheat have been approved, or deregulated, by the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the USDA ag... | [
"Between 1998 and 2005, the Monsanto Company field-tested a variety of genetically engineered (GE) wheat that was tolerant of glyphosate, a widely used, broad-spectrum herbicide marketed by the Monsanto Company under its trade name, Roundup. Many crop varieties, including soybeans, cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets, and... |
train_12541 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There has been increased interest in monitoring foreign students while maintaining the longtradition of permitting international scholars to study in the United States. There are three mainavenues for students from other countries to temporarily come to the United States to study, and eachinvolves admission as a nonimm... | [
"Since the Immigration Act of 1924, the United States has expressly permitted foreignstudents to study in U.S. institutions. There are three main avenues for students from other countriesto temporarily come to the United States to study, and each involves admission as a nonimmigrant. The three visa categories used ... |
train_12542 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The events of September 11, 2001, focused attention on the security status of the nation's drinking water supplies and the vulnerability of this critical infrastructure sector to attack. Congress since has enacted security requirements for public water systems and has provided funding for vulnerability assessments, eme... | [
"Ensuring the security of the nation's drinking water supplies poses a substantial challenge, partly because the number of water systems is very large and also because the responsibility for protecting drinking water safety is shared among federal, state and local governments, and public and privately owned utiliti... |
train_12543 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The basic structure of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 has never been amended, but recent legal, scientific, and technological changes are prompting some policy makers to reexamine the law. The Kid-Safe Chemicals Act (H.R. 6100/S. 3040 in the 110th Congress) would have reshaped risk assessment and manag... | [
"The useful properties of thousands of chemicals provide a wide range of benefits to American consumers and bolster the U.S. economy. However, experiences with certain chemicals—for example, DDT, leaded gasoline, and asbestos—have shown that adverse effects sometimes occur when there is insufficient information abo... |
train_12544 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to develop a regulatory response to a 2006 federal court ruling that vacated a long-standing EPA rule. That rule had exempted discharges associated with the normal operation of vessels from permit requirements of the Clean Water Act. Concern that this ruling could r... | [
"In the 110 th Congress, legislation concerning the applicability of certain environmental regulatory requirements to recreational and other types of boats was introduced. Two bills are titled the Clean Boating Act of 2008 ( S. 2766 and H.R. 5949 ). Legislation titled the Recreational Boating Act of 2007 also was i... |
train_12545 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Presidential transition is usually defined as the period and process that take place when one President prepares to leave office, due to retirement or failure to win reelection, and a successor prepares for inauguration. In modern times, the transition period begins immediately after the general election, which is held... | [
"Presidential transition is generally defined as the period during which an incumbent President who is retiring or who has failed to win reelection prepares to leave office, while the incoming President-elect prepares for inauguration. In modern times, the transition period begins immediately after the general elec... |
train_12546 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | It is estimated that 25% of student trips to schoolâ5.5 billion trips each yearâare made on school buses. Nationwide, an average of seven school bus passengers die each year in crashes. Buses have the lowest death rate of any mode of transporting children to school in the United States. Federal safety standards for... | [
"Federal regulations have required that all new passenger vehicles (cars and light trucks) be equipped with seat belts since 1970. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has estimated that seat belts in passenger vehicles have saved tens of thousands of lives in crashes during that time. Given t... |
train_12547 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a statute that authorizes grant programs that support special education services. Under the IDEA, a series of conditions are attached to the receipt of grant funds. These conditions aim to provide certain educational and procedural guarantees for students with d... | [
"The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the main federal statute governing special education for children from birth through age 21. IDEA protects the rights of children with disabilities to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). It also supplements state and local funding to pay for some of... |
train_12548 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States now has a unified inspections operation at the borders; a single inspectoris charged with examining people, animals, plants, goods, and cargo upon entry to the country. Thetransfer of these functions to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) marks a significant policyshift for all of these function... | [
"The United States now has a unified inspections operation at the borders; one inspector ischarged with examining people, animals, plants, goods, and cargo upon entry to the country. Thisreport delves into border inspections from the perspectives of the three major types of inspections: immigration, customs, and an... |
train_12549 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since September 2013, China has undertaken extensive reclamation and construction on several reefs in the Spratly Island chain in the South China Sea, raising a variety of concerns in the United States and Asia. The reclamation has created over 2,000 acres (809 hectares) of artificial landmasses on Chinese-occupied ree... | [
"Since September 2013, China has undertaken extensive land reclamation and construction on several reefs in the Spratly island chain in the southern part of the South China Sea, raising a variety of concerns in the United States and Asia. Photographs released by sources including IHS-Jane's, the Center for Strategi... |
train_12550 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When the House considers legislation, one of the last steps it takes is to consider a motion to recommit. The motion to recommit represents the last chance of the House to affect a measure. In practice, that means either to offer amendatory language or to send the bill back to committee. The motion to recommit is typic... | [
"When the House considers legislation, one of the last steps it takes is to consider a motion to recommit. The motion to recommit represents the last chance of the House to affect a measure. In practice, that means either to offer amendatory language or to send the bill back to committee. In practice, the motion to... |
train_12551 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | House procedures are based not solely on the code of Rules the chamber adopts at the start of each Congress, but also on constitutional mandates, published precedents reflecting authoritative rulings and interpretations of the foregoing authorities, procedural principles set forth in the manual of practice prepared by ... | [
"House procedures are not based solely on the Rules that the chamber adopts at the outset of each new Congress. The foundations of House parliamentary procedure also include constitutional mandates, principles of parliamentary practice set forth in Jefferson ' s Manual , provisions of law that have the force and ef... |
train_12552 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The congressional budget process distinguishes between "authorizations," which establish or define the activities of the federal government, and "appropriations," which finance those activities. The purpose of this report is to discuss the changes in the form and frequency of authorization laws that have occurred over ... | [
"A basic principle underlying the congressional budget process is the separation between money and policy decisions. One means through which this division of labor has been observed is through congressional rules and practices that distinguish between provisions that establish the activities of government, and thos... |
train_12553 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In some jurisdictions, it is unethical for an attorney to secretly record a conversation even though it is not illegal to do so. A few states require the consent of all parties to a conversation before it may be recorded. Recording without mutual consent is both illegal and unethical in those jurisdictions. Elsewhere t... | [
"Has an attorney engaged in unethical conduct when he or she secretly records a conversation? The practice is unquestionably unethical when it is done illegally; its status is more uncertain when it is done legally. The issue is complicated by the fact that the American Bar Association (ABA), whose model ethical st... |
train_12554 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | All citizens of the United States as well as U.S. resident aliens are required to report their world-wide income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, where foreign assets are involved, this is an area in which taxpayers, knowingly or unknowingly, may fail to comply with the law. There are numerous information... | [
"The term \"gross income,\" according to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), generally \"means all income from whatever source derived.\" As a result, worldwide income is subject to taxation by the United States. Thus, U.S. citizens and U.S. residents generally are required to pay U.S. income tax on income from source... |
train_12555 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress enacted two restitution provisions in the 110th Congress, one as part of the Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2008 (Title II of P.L. 110-326)(H.R. 5938), and the other as part of the Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-403)(S. 3325). It devot... | [
"Restitution is the act of restoring an individual or entity in whole or in part to the lost circumstances they might have once enjoyed. In a federal criminal context, it is the order of a sentencing court directing a defendant to reimburse or otherwise compensate the victims of his crimes. Federal courts have no i... |
train_12556 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a general description of price determination in major U.S. agriculturalcommodity markets for wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, and cotton. Understanding the fundamentalsof commodity market price formation is critical to evaluating the potential effects of governmentpolicies and programs (existing or pro... | [
"This report focuses on the major factors affecting price formation for the five largest U.S.program crops -- wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, and cotton. (1) According to the U.S. Agricultural Census, these five cropsaccounted for 67% of harvested crop land in the United States in 2002. (2) Certain commoncharacteristi... |
train_12557 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funds for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except the Bureau of Reclamation, and funds for some agencies or programs withinthree other departments--Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services. It also fundsnumerous smaller agencies. On April, 9,... | [
"On November 5, 2001, the FY2002 Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill wasenacted ( P.L. 107-63 ). The conference report had passed the House (380-28) and the Senate (95-3)on October 17, 2001. House and Senate conferees had met on H.R. 2217 on October10, 2001, and filed a report containing their agreeme... |
train_12558 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military construction for active and reserve components of the Armed Forces, military family housing construction and operations, the U.S. contribution to the NATO Security Investment Program, military base closures and realignment actions, and the military housing privatization initiative will be funded through Title ... | [
"Military construction for active and reserve components of the Armed Forces, military family housing construction and operations, the U.S. contribution to the NATO Security Investment Program, military base closures and realignment actions, and the military housing privatization initiative will be funded through T... |
train_12559 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Discussions of U.S. and global energy supply refer to oil, natural gas, and coal using several terms that may be unfamiliar to some. The terms used to describe different types of fossil fuels have technically precise definitions, and misunderstanding or misuse of these terms may lead to errors and confusion in estimati... | [
"Current discussions of U.S. and global energy supply refer to oil, natural gas, and coal using several terms that may be unfamiliar to some. The terms used to describe different types of fossil fuels have technically precise definitions, and misunderstanding or misuse of these terms may lead to errors and confusio... |
train_12560 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Perkins Loan program authorizes the allocation of federal funds to institutions of higher education to assist them in capitalizing revolving loan funds for the purpose of making low-interest loans to students with exceptional financial need. Institutions participating in the program are required to provide ... | [
"The Federal Perkins Loan program is one of three postsecondary student financial aid programs that are collectively referred to as the campus-based programs. The Perkins Loan program authorizes the allocation of federal funds to institutions of higher education (IHEs) to assist them in capitalizing revolving loan ... |
train_12561 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. policies and strategies for protecting air cargo have focused on two main perceived threats: the in-flight detonation of explosives concealed in an air cargo shipment and the hijacking of a large all-cargo aircraft for use as a weapon to attack a ground target such as a major population center, critical infrastruc... | [
"The air cargo industry consists of a complex distribution network linking manufacturers and shippers to freight forwarders, off-airport freight consolidators, and airport sorting and cargo handling facilities where shipments are loaded on and unloaded from aircraft. While only a small fraction of cargo shipments t... |
train_12562 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Given its relatively low savings rate, the U.S. economy depends heavily on foreign capital inflows from countries with high savings rates (such as China) to meet its domestic investment needs and to fund the federal budget deficit. The willingness of foreigners to invest in the U.S. economy and purchase U.S. public deb... | [
"Because of its low savings rate, the United States borrows to finance the federal budget deficit and its private capital needs. It therefore depends on countries with high savings rates, such as China, to invest some of their capital in the United States. Such investments help to keep U.S. interest rates relativel... |
train_12563 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report responds to frequently asked questions about the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB), including the board's background, current status, controversial issues including legal challenges, and recent legislative efforts to repeal the IPAB. For additional information, see CRS Report R41511, The Independent... | [
"Established as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended), the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB) is charged with developing proposals to \"reduce the per capita rate of growth in Medicare spending.\" The board's proposals are to be implemented by the Secretary o... |
train_12564 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Thirty years after its enactment, Congress has undertaken a review of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act (GNA) as well as the broader organization and structure of the contemporary Department of Defense (DOD) more broadly. Most observers agree that in principle a comprehensive review of the ... | [
"Thirty years after having enacted it, Congress is reviewing the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reform Act. Deeply controversial at the time, Goldwater-Nichols augmented command relationships, strengthened the role of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, enhanced joint procurement, and redesigned personnel in... |
train_12565 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 established renewable energy goals for federal government agencies. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 directs the Secretary of Defense "to establish a policy to maximize savings for the bulk purchase of replacement renewable energy certificates in connecti... | [
"The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (NDAA; P.L. 112-81 , §2824) directs the Secretary of Defense \"to establish a policy to maximize savings for the bulk purchase of replacement renewable energy certificates (RECs) in connection with the development of facility energy projects using renewab... |
train_12566 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | India is a country with a long history and a large population (more than onebillion people, nearly half living in poverty). Given that it is the world's most populous democracy, a U.S. ally inanti-terrorism efforts, and a potentially major export market, India's economic development and its trade relationswith theUnite... | [
"RS21502 -- India-U.S. Economic Relations Updated February 10, 2005 Upon achieving independence from British rule in 1947, India pursued policies that sought to assert government planningover most sectors of the economy and strove to promote relative economic self-sufficiency. These policies includedextensive gover... |
train_12567 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tribal areas and communities continue to lag behind other areas and segments of American society with respect to broadband and telecommunications services. High poverty rates and low income levels in tribal lands—along with the fact that many tribal communities are located in remote rural areas (often with rugged terra... | [
"Broadband—whether delivered via fiber, cable modem, copper wire, satellite, or wirelessly—is increasingly the technology underlying telecommunications services such as voice, video, and data. Since the initial deployment of high-speed internet in the late 1990s, broadband technologies have been deployed primarily ... |
train_12568 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A bill related to the management of the federal workforce is being considered by the 108th Congress. S. 129 , the Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2003, passed the Senatewith an amendment by unanimous consent on April 8, 2004. In the House, the Subcommittee onCivil Service and Agency Organization forwarded S. 129 t... | [
"As in the previous Congress, management of the federal workforce continues to be an issue ofinterest to the Senate and the House of Representatives in the 108th Congress. S. 129 ,the Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2003, passed the Senate with an amendment by unanimousconsent on April 8, 2004. Senator George ... |
train_12569 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is in the process of discovering the true extent of its unconventional natural gas resources primarily derived from shale, with estimates rising every year. Natural gas has become an increasingly available, low-priced commodity, and U.S. natural gas is in demand at home and abroad. The price of natura... | [
"This report is one of two companion reports prepared by Pennsylvania State University, with contributions from Seth Blumsack and Thomas Murphy. Their work was performed under contract to CRS, and was part of a multiyear CRS project to examine various aspects of U.S. energy policy. [author name scrubbed], Assistant... |
train_12570 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. President Obama's FY2012 budget request for Energy and Wate... | [
"President Obama's FY2012 budget request for Energy and Water Development was released in February 2011, but Congress was concerned for the first months of the year with completing the appropriations cycle for FY2011. A continuing resolution for the rest of the fiscal year, P.L. 112-10 , was signed by the President... |
train_12571 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1994, 34 Western Hemisphere nations met at the first Summit of the Americas, envisioning a plan to complete a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by January 1, 2005. Faced with deadlocked negotiations, the United States and Brazil, the FTAA co-chairs, brokered a compromise at the November 2003 Miami trade ministe... | [
"Following the 1980s debt crisis, much of Latin America embraced broad economic policy reform that included major strides toward trade liberalization. This trend raised the prospect of a previously unrealized idea—a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) among 34 nations of the region. Latin America's trade reform ... |
train_12572 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of U.S. interests and policies regarding China's labor conditions. It compares a cross section of labor codes of conduct utilized by U.S. corporations andtheir suppliers that manufacture toys, shoes, apparel, and other labor intensive merchandise in Chinafor export. Many consumer goods ... | [
"U.S. congressional objectives and concerns regarding Chinese labor include supporting laborrights in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and preventing the importation of goods from thePRC that were made from prison labor, child labor, or under conditions that violateinternationally-recognized labor standards. P.... |
train_12573 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prospects for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) between the United States and the United Kingdom (UK) are of increasing interest for both sides. In a national referendum held on June 23, 2016, a majority of British voters supported the UK exiting the European Union (EU), a process known as "Brexit." The Brexit ref... | [
"In a June 23, 2016, national referendum, a majority of British voters supported the United Kingdom (UK) exiting the European Union (EU), a process known as \"Brexit.\" Since then, various Members of Congress have voiced support for launching U.S.-UK free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations, while other Members have... |
train_12574 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The local public housing authorities (PHAs) that administer the federal public housing program began receiving their annual federal operating subsidies under a new formula in January 2007. As a result of this formula change, some PHAs were eligible for an increase in their eligibility for funding and others were eligib... | [
"The federal government supplies subsidies to PHAs to help make up the difference between what low-income tenants pay in rent and the cost of operating low-rent public housing. The formula for providing these operating funds changed in January 2007. Under the formula change, some PHAs were eligible to receive an in... |
train_12575 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In May 2006, the Administration launched an effort to revive U.S.-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) security cooperation under the auspices of a new Gulf Security Dialogue (GSD). The Dialogue now serves as the principal security coordination mechanism between the United States and the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation... | [
"The maintenance of stability in the Persian Gulf region has long been a national security priority for the United States. Primary U.S. objectives have included securing the free flow of the region's oil and natural gas to international markets and supporting allied regional governments in their efforts to balance ... |
train_12576 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Scientific and technical knowledge and guidance influences not just policy related to science and technology, but also many of today's public policies as policymakers seek knowledge to enhance the quality of their decisions. Science and technology policy is concerned with the allocation of resources for and encourageme... | [
"Scientific and technical knowledge and guidance influences many of today's public policies. The following definition is used by some science and technology policy analysts as a cornerstone of thinking about science and technology (S&T) policy decisionmaking: [Science and technology policy] is concerned with the al... |
train_12577 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Total intelligence spending is usually understood as the combination of the National Intelligence Program (NIP), which supports strategic planning and policymaking, and the Military Intelligence Program (MIP), which supports military operational and tactical levels of planning and operations. There are 4 defense NIP pr... | [
"This report examines intelligence funding over the past several decades, with an emphasis on the period from 2007 to 2018, during which total national and military intelligence program spending dollars have been publicly disclosed on an annual basis. A table of topline budget figures (see Table 1 ) and accompanyin... |
train_12578 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S.-EU relations have been affected by a number of trade disputes in recent years. While the majority of trade disputes do get resolved, attempts to settle some of the disputes have been met withrefusal or inability by one or another of the parties to comply in a timely manner with the WorldTrade Organization (WTO) pa... | [
"This report discusses disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO) between the UnitedStates and the European Union (EU). The report begins with an overview of the issues to beaddressed, and continues with a brief description of the WTO dispute settlement process, a summaryof U.S.-EU dispute settlement history, a... |
train_12579 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | India's growing energy needs and its relatively benign view of Iran's intentions will likely cause policy differences between New Delhi and Washington. India seeks positive ties with Iran and is unlikely to downgrade its relationship with Tehran at the behest of external powers, but it is unlikely that the two will dev... | [
"A July 2005 Joint Statement resolved to establish a U.S.-India \"global partnership\" through increased cooperation on economic issues, on energy and the environment, on democracy and development, on non-proliferation and security, and on high-technology and space. U.S. policy is to isolate Iran and to ensure that... |
train_12580 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy Information Administration (EIA) in its Short Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEWFO) provided good news for residential natural gas consumers. EIA projected that natural gas winter home heating costs might decline by as much as 13% from last year's record-setting levels, even though consumption is exp... | [
"The Energy Information Administration (EIA), in its October 2006 Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEWFO), provided encouraging news for residential natural gas consumers. Their 2006-2007 winter heating bills were projected to decline by an average of about $119 per household, or 13%, from 2005-2006 lev... |
train_12581 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Events and entities outside the United States are affecting or may affect the competitiveposition of U.S. insurers, intwo ways. First, supranational organizations are developing international standards for insurance accounting andfor aspects of supervision, such as reinsurancesupervision. Second, U.S. insurers are oper... | [
"RS21828 -- Insurance Regulation: International Developments April 28, 2004 Summary Events and entities outside the United States are affecting or may affect the competitiveposition of U.S. insurers, intwo ways. First, supranational organizations are developing international standards for insurance accounting andfo... |
train_12582 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Origination Clause of the Constitution, Article I, Section 7, clause 1, states that, "Allbills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may proposeor concur with amendments as on other bills." This report discusses opinions of the Supreme Courtand some lower federal courts... | [
"This report discusses opinions of the Supreme Court and some lower courts that haveelucidated the meaning of the Origination Clause of the Constitution and delineated the Senate'spower to amend bills to raise revenue. It does not address parliamentary precedents of the Houseand Senate, which generally have interpr... |
train_12583 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Agriculture appropriations bill includes all of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except the Forest Service, plus the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) appropriation also has been enacted with the Agriculture appropriations bill, even though jurisdiction in ... | [
"An FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act, P.L. 111-8 , was enacted on March 11, 2009, more than five months after the beginning of the fiscal year. A continuing resolution had funded operations from October 1, 2008, until the omnibus was enacted. In addition, two supplemental appropriations bills for FY2009 have been ... |
train_12584 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prior to and since the passage of the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, Congress has debated how best to ensure that consumers have access, as quickly as possible, to new and improved medical devices and, at the same time, prevent devices that are not safe and effective from entering or remaining on the market. Medica... | [
"Medical device regulation is complex, in part because of the wide variety of items that are categorized as medical devices. They may be simple tools used during medical examinations, such as tongue depressors and thermometers, or high-tech life-saving devices that are implanted in the patient, like pacemakers and ... |
train_12585 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 3, 2017, the House passed H.Res. 5 , adopting the standing rules for the House of Representatives for the 115 th Congress. In addition to the standing rules, H.Res. 5 included several separate orders. This report provides information on the standing rules and separate orders that might affect the congression... | [
"A t the beginning of each Congress, the House of Representatives must adopt rules to govern its proceedi ngs. The House does this by readopting the rules of the previous Congress along with any changes that will apply in the new Congress. On January 3, 2017, the House passed H.Res. 5 , adopting the standing rules ... |
train_12586 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) included an across-the-board increase in benefits provided under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp program), effective in April 2009. ARRA substantially raised maximum monthly benefits, by 13.6% in FY2009. F... | [
"Based on legislation passed in the 111 th Congress, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly the Food Stamp program) benefits, which were temporarily increased beginning in April 2009, are scheduled to be reduced after October 31, 2013. This report explains the increase that has been in place sinc... |
train_12587 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Low farm milk prices and declining dairy sector income in 2009 renewed congressional interest in imposing new import barriers on milk protein concentrates (MPCs), which generally include casein, the main protein found in milk, and caseinates, a soluble form of casein. To limit U.S. imports of MPCs, the Milk Import Tari... | [
"Low farm milk prices and declining dairy farm incomes in 2009 renewed congressional interest in imposing new import barriers on milk protein concentrates (MPCs), which generally include casein, the main protein found in milk, and caseinates, a soluble form of casein. MPCs are derived from raw milk and are used in ... |
train_12588 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although brand-name pharmaceutical companies routinely procure patents on their innovative medications, such rights are not self-enforcing. Brand-name firms that wish to enforce their patents against generic competitors must commence litigation in the federal courts. Such litigation ordinarily terminates in either a ju... | [
"The increasing costs of health care have focused congressional attention upon both the development and public availability of prescription drugs. Congress has long recognized that the patent system has an important role to play in the pharmaceutical industry in each respect. The Drug Price Competition and Patent T... |
train_12589 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report serves as a starting point for congressional staff assigned to cover cybersecurity issues related to federal and military government activities. Much is written by and about the federal government's efforts to address cybersecurity policy challenges, and this CRS report directs the reader to authoritative s... | [
"This report serves as a starting point for congressional staff assigned to cover cybersecurity issues related to federal and military agency activities. Much is written by and about the federal government's efforts to address cybersecurity policy and practical challenges, and this CRS report directs the reader to ... |
train_12590 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an analysis of the possible economic implications for the United States and the global economy of an exit from the European Union (EU) by the United Kingdom (UK), commonly referred to as Brexit. It offers background information on possible implications of the vote to leave the EU, an overview of U.... | [
"Nearly 52% of British voters in the June 23 referendum on European Union (EU) membership answered that the United Kingdom (UK) should leave the EU. Among a complex pattern of supporters and opponents of Brexit, the vote pitted Prime Minister David Cameron, who led the campaign to remain, against many me mbers of h... |
train_12591 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal agencies regularly adopt rules, which have the force of law, to implement the statutes and programs authorized by Congress. Unless a statute directs otherwise, agencies generally must follow the requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act to promulgate rules. However, beginning with President Reagan, Presi... | [
"The executive branch has exercised control over agency rulemaking through executive orders such as E xecutive O rder 12866 . This Executive Order requires executive agencies to submit significant rules to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) at the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for revie... |
train_12592 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. §1973–1973aa-6), legislation had been urged for over two decades that would create a national voter registration system designed to make registration easier and more uniform from state to state. The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA, P.L. 103-31,... | [
"On June 30, 2013, the Election Assistance Commission released the 10 th biennial report on the impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 on the 2011-2012 election cycle. On June 17, 2013, the United States Supreme Court, by a vote of 7-2, held that the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 preempts t... |
train_12593 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148, ACA), as amended, includes provisions for the grandfathering of existing health insurance plans. Given that most Americans had private health insurance coverage on the date of enactment of ACA, most Americans' health coverage was affected by the grandfatheri... | [
"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( P.L. 111-148 , ACA), as amended, includes provisions for the grandfathering of existing health insurance plans. Given that most Americans had private health insurance coverage on the date of enactment of ACA, most Americans' health coverage was affected by the grand... |
train_12594 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Considerable attention has been focused on the ability of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to accomplish its mission with the funds provided by congressional appropriations and user fees. FDA regulates a wide range of products valued at more than $1 trillion in the U.S. economy. The agency plays a key public heal... | [
"There is growing debate about whether the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the ability to accomplish its mission with the resources provided by congressional appropriations and industry user fees. FDA plays a central role in protecting the public health in the United States by regulating most of the food sup... |
train_12595 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The scope of the executive's discretion in implementing federal immigration law is a topic of perennial interest to Members and committees of Congress. Most recently, questions have been raised as to whether particular actions announced by the Obama Administration in November 2014 are within the executive's authority. ... | [
"T he scope of the executive's discretion in implementing federal immigration law is a topic of perennial interest to Members and committees of Congress. Most recently, questions have been raised as to whether particular actions announced by the Obama Administration in November 2014 are within the executive's autho... |
train_12596 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutrition-rich foods, nutrition education (including breastfeeding promotion and support), and health care and social services referrals to eligible low-income women, infants, and children. In FY2016, approximately 7.7 million pe... | [
"The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplemental nutrition-rich foods and nutrition education (including breastfeeding promotion and support), as well as referrals to health care and social services, to low-income, nutritionally at-risk women, infants, and chi... |
train_12597 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 30, 2012, President Obama signed H.R. 5949, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012, which extends Title VII of FISA until December 31, 2017. Reauthorizations of expiring provisions of FISA have been an annual occurrence in Congress since 2009. Prior to 20... | [
"Reauthorizations of expiring provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) have been an annual occurrence in Congress since 2009. Prior to 2012, the legislative debate and reauthorizations largely dealt with three amendments to FISA that are commonly linked to the Uniting and Strengthening America... |
train_12598 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States, Canada, and Mexico in many ways comprise one large, integrated market for energy commodities. Canada, for example, is the single largest foreign supplier of crude oil to the United States, and the United States is Canada's sole crude oil customer. Both Mexico and Canada are major buyers of petroleum ... | [
"The United States, Canada, and Mexico in many ways comprise one large, integrated market for energy commodities. Canada, for example, is the single largest foreign supplier of crude oil to the United States, and the United States is Canada's sole crude oil customer. Both Mexico and Canada are major buyers of petro... |
train_12599 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report assesses U.S. policy toward Islamist organizations in the Arab world, specificallythose groups that have renounced violence and terrorism. The report analyzes U.S. governmentattitudes toward Islamist movements and investigates how U.S. democracy promotion policy isapplied in three Arab countries with a sign... | [
"As an ongoing response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and a justification forthe U.S. invasion of Iraq, the Bush Administration has made the promotion of democracy in theMiddle East a national security priority, stating that greater political freedom can undercut the forcesof Islamic radicalism an... |
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