id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_13400 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Mining of hardrock minerals on federal lands is governed primarily by the General Mining Law of 1872. The law grants free access to individuals and corporations to prospect for minerals in public domain lands, and allows them, upon making a discovery, to stake (or "locate") a claim on that deposit. A claim gives the ho... | [
"Mining of hardrock minerals on federal lands is governed primarily by the General Mining Law of 1872. The original purposes of the Mining Law were to promote mineral exploration and development on federal lands in the western United States, offer an opportunity to obtain a clear title to mines already being worked... |
train_13401 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The sunset concept provides for programs and agencies to terminate automatically on apredetermined schedule, following a systematic evaluation of past performance, unless explicitlyrenewed by law. In each Congress since the 105th, bills to create a federal sunset commissionmodeled on the sunset commission in Texas have... | [
"The sunset concept provides for programs and agencies to terminate automatically accordingto a predetermined schedule unless explicitly renewed by law. As developed in the 1970s by theorganization Common Cause, a sunset law contains two requisite components: an \"action-forcing\"mechanism and a framework for the s... |
train_13402 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When large, interconnected financial institutions become distressed, policymakers have historically faced a choice between (1) a taxpayer-funded bailout, and (2) the destabilization of the financial system—a dilemma that commentators have labeled the "too-big-to-fail" (TBTF) problem. The 2007-2009 financial crisis high... | [
"T he prospect of a large financial institution's failure often presents policymakers with a stark choice. Regulators can \"bailout\" a distressed institution, risking taxpayer money and arguably creating incentives for management, shareholders, and creditors of similar institutions to take excessive risks. Alterna... |
train_13403 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), is the primary source of federal aid to K-12 education. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA. It is designed to provide supplementary educational and related servi... | [
"The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is the primary source of federal aid to elementary and secondary education. Title I-A is the largest program in the ESEA, funded at $15.5 billion for FY2017. The program is designed to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and othe... |
train_13404 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This is one in a series of papers that explore issues of our aging society. This report examines how unemployment has a different impact on the older worker. As workers age, negative—but previously temporary—events such as unemployment may push otherwise firmly entrenched workers out of the labor force. Older workers a... | [
"This report examines how unemployment has a different impact on the older worker. As workers age, negative—but previously temporary—events such as unemployment may push otherwise firmly entrenched workers out of the labor force. Older workers are less likely than others to experience a spell of unemployment, but t... |
train_13405 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past 13 years, surging crude oil and petroleum product prices have increased oil and gas industry revenues and generated record profits, particularly for the top five major integrated companies, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips. These companies, which reported a predominant share ... | [
"Over the past 13 years, the price of crude oil has generally been increasing and volatile. High crude oil prices, which have led to high gasoline prices, have contributed to a weakening of the U.S. economy. Further, high gasoline prices put increased pressure on household budgets, during a time when households con... |
train_13406 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The FY2006 budget completed the funding required in the Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy (SCN) account for the Navy's program to refuel and convert four Trident ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) into cruise-missile-carrying and special operations forces (SOF) support submarines (SSGNs). Initial Operational Capabili... | [
"The Navy procured 18 Ohio (SSBN-726) class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) between FY1974 and FY1991 to serve as part of the U.S. strategic nuclear deterrent force. They are commonly called Trident submarines because they carry Trident submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). The first T... |
train_13407 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Regulatory analytical requirements (e.g., cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis) have been established incrementally during the last 40 to 50 years through a series of presidential and congressional initiatives. The current set of requirements includes Executive Order 12866 and Office of Management and Budget (O... | [
"A common concern voiced by proponents of regulatory reform in recent decades has been that the costs associated with certain regulations outweigh the benefits that the regulations are intended to provide. Another, and somewhat related, view is that more intelligent regulatory policies could achieve the same social... |
train_13408 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Autumn 2010, all 50 state attorneys general, the attorney general for the District of Columbia, the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) initiated an invest... | [
"The National Mortgage Settlement is an outgrowth of state and federal regulatory investigations into the foreclosure practices of large mortgage servicers that were initiated in late 2010 and early 2011. These investigations were prompted by the sworn statements of employees from several large mortgage servicers a... |
train_13409 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 17, 2007, President Bush issued Executive Order 13438, Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq. It is the latest in a series of executive orders based on the national emergency declared by President Bush with respect to "the unusual and extraordinary threat to the nationa... | [
"On July 17, 2007, President Bush issued Executive Order 13438, Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq. It is the latest in a series of executive orders based on the national emergency declared by President Bush with respect to \"the unusual and extraordinary threat to the n... |
train_13410 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although juvenile justice has always been administered by the states, Congress has had significant influence in the area through funding for grant programs administered by the Department of Justice's (DOJ's) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention A... | [
"The federal government has no juvenile justice system of its own. Instead, starting in the 1960s, the federal government began establishing federal juvenile justice entities and grant programs in order to influence the states' juvenile justice systems. Eligibility for some of these grant programs is tied to certai... |
train_13411 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The population of persons age 65 and older in the United States is expected to grow both in numbers and as a percentage of the total population over the coming years, through 2030. In 2002, a bipartisan commission created by Congress issued a report, A Quiet Crisis in America, that detailed the need for affordable assi... | [
"In 1999, Congress created a bipartisan commission to study the housing needs of the senior population as it ages. The commission's final report, entitled A Quiet Crisis in America , warned of the nation's growing senior population and the lack of affordable housing and supportive services programs to meet future d... |
train_13412 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The global financial and economic crisis affects all three of the essential national interests of the United States: national security, economic well being, and value projection. Only occasionally does an event of this magnitude occur that generates such daunting challenges yet also opportunities for U.S. policy. The e... | [
"The world now faces the worst financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression. The bursting of the U.S. housing market bubble has sparked a ripple effect that has grown to major proportions and is wreaking havoc on market after market and country after country as it works its way around the world. The sud... |
train_13413 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The welfare reform law of 1996 ( P.L. 104-193 ) sharply increased federal child care funding for low-income families, with the expectation that new work requirements for welfare parents (most ofwhom were single mothers) would increase demand for child care services. This additional fundingwas accompanied by the creatio... | [
"The welfare reform law of 1996 ( P.L. 104-193 ) provided an increase in federal child carefunding for low-income families, with the expectation that newly implemented work requirementsfor welfare recipients (many being single mothers) would create a greater demand for child careservices. This additional funding wa... |
train_13414 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although the federal government has authority to regulate water, it typically defers to the states to allocate water resources within the state. The federal government maintains certain federal water rights, though, which exist separate from state law. In particular, federal reserved water rights often arise in questio... | [
"Although allocation of water resources is generally a matter of state law, the federal government may also allocate water rights. Under the Supreme Court's 1908 Winters v. United States decision, when Congress creates an Indian reservation, the water necessary to fulfill the reservation's purposes is reserved impl... |
train_13415 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes the FY2008 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Administration requested a net appropriation of $35.5 billion in net budget authority for FY2008. The requested net appropriation for major components of the department included the following: $8,783 million for Customs a... | [
"The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 ( P.L. 110-161 ) was signed into law by the President on December 26, 2007. The DHS Appropriations Act of 2008 was included as Division E of P.L. 110-161 . The Act provides $38.7 billion in net budget authority for FY2008. It should be noted that the totals for FY2008 in... |
train_13416 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress names individual units of the National Park System in the enabling legislation for each unit. In so doing, Congress establishes the range of titles used in the park system. The system's 409 units currently bear a wide range of titles—national park, national monument, national preserve, national historic site, ... | [
"T he 409 units of the National Park System bear a wide range of titles—national park, national monument, national preserve, national historic site, national recreation area, and national battlefield, among many others. What is indicated by these different designations? Do they mean that units receive different pro... |
train_13417 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although the economic recession that began in December of 2007 has officially ended, unemployment rates still remain close to 10%. Especially hard hit have been older workers, aged 55 and older, for whom unemployment rates have reached historical highs. A combination of an increase in the number of older individuals re... | [
"Although the economic recession that began in December of 2007 officially ended in June 2009, it has been a \"jobless recovery\" with unemployment rates near historical highs. Especially hard hit have been older workers, aged 55 and older. This report first looks at historical trends in unemployment and labor forc... |
train_13418 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal program to manage hazardous waste was established in 1976 by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Under RCRA Subtitle C, Congress directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate standards applicable to persons who generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of such waste. Un... | [
"The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA; 42 U.S.C. §6901 et seq ., as amended) is a comprehensive environmental statute that authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate hazardous wastes in accordance with stringent waste management procedures, established largely in Subtitle C... |
train_13419 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | At the direction of Congress primarily through Water Resources Development Acts (WRDAs), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (an agency within the Department of Defense) undertakes water resources projects. The agency's civil works mission has expanded beyond its original responsibility of improving and maintaining naviga... | [
"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is an agency in the Department of Defense that has military and civilian responsibilities. The military program provides engineering, construction, and environmental management services for Department of Defense agencies. Under its civil works program at the direction of Co... |
train_13420 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The April 20, 2010, explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig led to the largest oil spill in U.S. waters. Federal government officials estimated that the deepwater well ultimately released (over 84 days) over 200 million gallons (or 4.9 million barrels) of crude oil. Although decreasing amounts of oil w... | [
"On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig was reportedly nearing completion of a deepwater oil well (owned by BP) when an uncontained release of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) caused explosions and fire, resulting in 11 crew member fatalities. The incident produced the largest oil spill that ha... |
train_13421 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Several complex water resource systems are receiving increasing intergovernmental and private sector efforts to balance human and broader ecosystem values. Examples include the Florida Everglades, San Francisco Bay-Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, and the Chesapeake Bay, among others. The Florida Everglades is espec... | [
"In the last few decades, the United States has devoted enormous effort and billions of dollars towards restoring some of our most important ecosystems such as the Great Lakes, Florida Everglades (Everglades), and Chesapeake Bay. Restoration efforts have originated, in part, from controversies surrounding water sup... |
train_13422 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of Congress have immunity for their legislative acts under Article I, Section 6, clause 1, of the Constitution, which provides in part that "for any speech or debate in either House, [Senators and Representatives] shall not be questioned in any other place." Even if their actions are within the scope of the Spe... | [
"The Constitution provides that \"for any speech or debate in either House, [Senators and Representatives] shall not be questioned in any other place.\" Commonly referred to as the Speech or Debate Clause, this language affords Members of Congress immunity from certain civil and criminal suits relating to their leg... |
train_13423 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background on intellectual property rights (IPR) and discusses the role of U.S. international trade policy in enhancing IPR protection and enforcement abroad. IPR are legal rights granted by governments to encourage innovation and creative output by ensuring that creators reap the benefits of their... | [
"Intellectual property rights (IPR) traditionally have been matters of national concern. Individual nation states have developed IPR regimes reflecting their domestic needs and priorities. Over time, IPR protection and enforcement have come to the forefront as a key international trade issue for the United States—l... |
train_13424 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes two important measures of inflation: the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). (Hereinafter in this report, the CPI-W and CPI-U will be referred to collectively as the sta... | [
"This report provides technical and logistical information on how the Chained Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) is constructed and reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It explains methodological and statistical differences between the standard Consumer Price Index (CPI) and th... |
train_13425 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Kyrgyzstan is a small and poor Central Asian country that gained independence in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. The United States has been interested in helping Kyrgyzstan to enhance its sovereignty and territorial integrity, bolster economic reform and development, strengthen human rights, prevent weapons ... | [
"The Kyrgyz Republic gained its independence at the end of 1991 with the dissolution of the former Soviet Union. Scientist and mid-level communist party official Askar Akayev had been elected president just before Kyrgyzstan gained independence, and he was reelected in 1995 and 2000 in polls deemed problematic by m... |
train_13426 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In October 2010, the Social Security Administration announced that Social Security beneficiaries will not receive a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) in 2011 for the second consecutive year. The COLA is based on a formula in the Social Security Act and the change in prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index for Urb... | [
"In October 2010, the Social Security Administration (SSA) announced that Social Security beneficiaries would not receive a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) in 2011. Similarly, beneficiaries did not receive a COLA in 2010. Social Security COLAs are based on a measure of inflation reported by the Bureau of Labor Sta... |
train_13427 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The electoral college method of electing the President and Vice President was established in Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution and revised by the Twelfth Amendment. It provides for election of the President and Vice President by electors, commonly referred to as the electoral college. A majority of 270 of the 5... | [
"The United States is unusual among contemporary presidential republics by providing for the indirect election of its President and Vice President. Election of these two officers by a group of electors, known collectively as the electoral college, was established in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution. T... |
train_13428 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to networks of objects that communicate with other objects and with computers through the Internet. "Things" may include virtually any object for which remote communication, data collection, or control might be useful, such as vehicles, appliances, medical devices, electric grids, tran... | [
"T he Internet of Things (IoT) is a complex, often poorly understood phenomenon. The term is more than a decade old, but interest has grown considerably over the last few years as applications have increased. The impacts of the IoT on the economy and society more generally are expected by many to grow substantially... |
train_13429 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has directed that the federal government is responsible for managing wildfires that begin on federal lands, such as national forests or national parks. The states are responsible for managing wildfires that originate on all other lands. Although a greater number of wildfires occur annually on nonfederal lands,... | [
"F unding for federal wildfire management—particularly for suppression operations on federal lands—raises several interrelated policy questions for Congress to consider. These questions include how much funding Congress should provide for suppression purposes, an activity whose costs are generally rising but vary a... |
train_13430 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) requires certain health insurers to provide consumer rebates if they do not meet a set financial target known as a medical loss ratio (MLR). At its most basic, a MLR measures the share of health care premium dollars spent on medical benefits, as op... | [
"Health insurance provides protection against the financial risks associated with illness or injury. Consumers who enroll in health insurance plans pay premiums for a specified set of benefits. When insurers set premiums they include the cost of a set package of medical benefits as well as other costs such as overh... |
train_13431 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under current law, taxpayers who itemize can deduct state and local real estate taxes, personal property taxes, and income taxes from federal income when calculating taxable income. A deduction for sales taxes in lieu of income taxes is also available. The federal deduction for state and local taxes results in the fede... | [
"This report focuses on the interplay between federal and state and local tax systems through the federal deductibility of state and local taxes. Generally, individual taxpayers who itemize deductions are allowed to deduct real and personal property taxes and state and local income taxes paid from federal taxable i... |
train_13432 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Donald J. Trump promised that if he were elected President, he would instruct federal agencies to reduce their regulations significantly. As of late 2017, this deregulation was underway in agencies across the federal government. One way for Congress and the public to be informed about this deregulatory activity is to c... | [
"Introduction Donald J. Trump promised that if elected President, he would instruct federal agencies to reduce their regulations significantly. Because of certain federal rulemaking requirements, agencies must generally undertake rulemaking procedures when they are issuing new regulations and when they are changing... |
train_13433 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As estimates for the amount of U.S. natural gas resources have grown, so have the prospects of rising U.S. natural gas exports. The United States is expected to go from a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter by 2016. With recent natural gas prices relatively low compared to global prices and historically low f... | [
"The United States has exported natural gas for close to 100 years, but has generally exported less natural gas than it has imported. U.S. gas exports have been primarily via pipeline to Mexico and eastern Canada. Historically, the United States has also exported liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Alaska—almost exclu... |
train_13434 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As a general rule, federal judges must impose a minimum term of imprisonment upon defendants convicted of various controlled substance (drug) offenses and drug-related offenses. The severity of those sentences depends primarily upon the nature and amount of the drugs involved, the defendant's prior criminal record, any... | [
"This is a brief discussion of the law associated with the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions of federal controlled substance (drug) laws and drug- related federal firearms and recidivist statutes . The se mandatory minimums, however, are not as mandato ry as they might appear. The government may elect not to ... |
train_13435 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Housing issues related to the recent turmoil in U.S. housing markets, as well as perennial issues related to the housing needs of low-income individuals and families, were prominent in the 111th Congress. The recent recession that was, in part, both a cause and a result of issues in the housing finance system put legis... | [
"During the first session of the 111 th Congress, the economy officially exited its recent recession. However, the economy and housing markets across the country continued to feel the effects of an economic downturn that featured the largest decline in output, consumption, and investment and the largest increase in... |
train_13436 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The European Union (EU) is one of the United States' chief agricultural trading partners but also a major competitor in world markets. Historically, both the United States and the EU have provided significant government support for their agricultural sectors. In the United States, federal farm policy has traditionally ... | [
"Both the United States and European Union (EU) have large, diverse, and economically important agricultural sectors. In addition, both political entities provide significant government support to their agricultural sectors. Each entity's agricultural policy regime has changed substantially over the years, although... |
train_13437 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense's Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), enacted in 1972, provides cash benefits in the form of a lifetime annuity to a surviving spouse or other eligible recipient(s) of a retiree or deceased member of the uniformed services. The original intent of the SBP (and its antecedents) was to "ensure that the ... | [
"The Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP), enacted in 1972, provides cash benefits to a surviving spouse or other eligible recipient(s) of a retiree or deceased member of the uniformed services. The original intent of the SBP (and its antecedents) was to \"ensure that the surviving dependents of military personnel who die i... |
train_13438 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, the United States has admitted an increasingly diverse group of refugees and other humanitarian cases with a diverse set of needs. There seems to be broad consensus that the U.S. refugee resettlement assistance system is not adequately meeting the needs of these new arrivals and is ripe for reform. The... | [
"In the early years of the [refugee] program, large numbers of relatively few nationalities located in a limited number of countries dominated the program. Many of the resettled refugees had family members already in the United States. Over the past decade, however, the United States has worked closely with the Uni... |
train_13439 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The largest sources of federal funding for elementary and secondary education are the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB; P.L. 107-110), and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; P.L. 108-446). The ESEA provides funding and services for a bro... | [
"The largest sources of federal funding for elementary and secondary education are the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB; P.L. 107-110 ), and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; P.L. 108-446 ). In FY2014, the ESEA provided approximatel... |
train_13440 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Generally speaking, United States patent law does not have extraterritorial effect. The exception, however, is § 271(f) of the Patent Act, which makes it an act of patent infringement to manufacture within the United States the components of a patented invention and then export those disassembled parts for combination... | [
"In 1972, the Supreme Court ruled in Deepsouth Packing Co. v. Laitram Corp . that, under the Patent Act as it was written at that time, it was not an act of patent infringement to manufacture the components of a patented invention in the United States and then ship them abroad for assembly into an end product. In r... |
train_13441 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The current legislative and oversight activity with respect to electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has drawn national attention to several overarching issues. This report briefly outlines three such issues and touches upon some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing deba... | [
"The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, P.L. 95-511 , 92 Stat. 1783 (October 25, 1978), 50 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq . (hereinafter FISA), was enacted in response both to the Committee to Study Government Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (otherwise known as the Church Committee) revelation... |
train_13442 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal law establishes many authorities governing employee awards and incentives. The authorities generally have been established by Congress to provide agencies with tools to help them manage their workforces and, thereby, to better accomplish agency missions and public policy goals that cut across agency boundaries.... | [
"Federal law establishes many personnel authorities governing employee awards and incentives. The statutory authorities generally have been established by Congress to provide agencies with tools to help them manage their workforces and, thereby, to better accomplish individual agency missions as well as public poli... |
train_13443 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In fiscal year (FY) 2008, the nation's budget deficit reached $455 billion or 3.2% of gross domestic product (GDP), up from $161 billion or 1.2% of GDP in FY2007. New deficit projections provide a picture of what the United States faces over the next decade. In February 2009, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) proje... | [
"The nation's budget situation is challenging. In fiscal year (FY) 2008, the budget deficit reached $455 billion or 3.2% of gross domestic product (GDP), up from $161 billion or 1.2% of GDP in FY2007. New deficit projections provide a picture of what the United States faces over the next decade. In February 2009, t... |
train_13444 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Home Star Energy Retrofit program as proposed is intended to promote both greater residential energy-efficiency and increased employment in the home remodeling, energy services, and related manufacturing industries. Two very similar Home Star programs are detailed in legislation proposed in the House and Senate. Th... | [
"Congress is concerned about widespread U.S. unemployment in the wake of the recent economic recession. As of June 2010, the nation's jobless rate stood at 9.5%. Particularly hard hit have been workers in the residential contracting industry, which, by some estimates, faces unemployment on the order of 25%. At the ... |
train_13445 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 2, 2015, the Obama Administration released its budget request for FY2016. The Administration's proposed budget included $474 million in special federal payments to the District of Columbia government. An additional $286 million was requested for the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA) and... | [
"The authority for congressional review and approval of the District of Columbia's budget is derived from the Constitution and the District of Columbia Self-Government and Government Reorganization Act of 1973 (Home Rule Act). The Constitution gives Congress the power to \"exercise exclusive Legislation in all Case... |
train_13446 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Beck v. PACE International Union case concerned the decision by an employer in bankruptcy proceedings to terminate its pension plans. The employer, which was both plan sponsor and administrator, had the option of terminating the plans by buying annuities for plan participants and beneficiaries or by merging the pla... | [
"Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), a single-employer defined benefit pension plan may be terminated at the employer's discretion. If a plan's assets are sufficient to meet its benefit liabilities, this process is called a \"standard termination.\" The plan administrator initiates a ... |
train_13447 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Drug trafficking is a significant public health and safety threat facing the United States. The federal government has taken a variety of actions aimed at countering this threat. These have ranged from giving law enforcement more tools for combatting traffickers to establishing programs and initiatives to reduce the su... | [
"D rug trafficking is a significant public health and safety threat facing the United States. Criminals exploit the U.S. demand for illicit drugs, moving product into and throughout the country. Both transnational and domestic trafficking of drugs affects U.S. communities. Mexican transnational criminal organizatio... |
train_13448 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Though climate change science often is portrayed as controversial, broad scientific agreement exists on many points: The Earth's climate is warming and changing. Human-related emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants have contributed to warming observed since the 1970s and, if continued, would tend to d... | [
"Despite portrayals in popular media about controversies in climate change science, almost all climate scientists agree on certain important points: The Earth's climate has warmed significantly and changed in other ways over the past century ( Figure 1 ). The warming has been widespread but not uniform globally, wi... |
train_13449 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. travel and tourism industry accounted for 2.6% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 and directly employed nearly 5.4 million people in 2013. Tourism exports reached a record $215 billion in 2013, representing almost a third of total U.S. services exports. The sector has posted an annual trade surplus with t... | [
"The travel and tourism industry represents an amalgam of business activities including transportation, lodging, entertainment, meals, and retail trade. Collectively, this mature sector of the U.S. economy accounts for 2.6% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and directly employs nearly 5.4 million Americans. Empl... |
train_13450 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Of the 614,000 public road bridges in the United States, about 56,000 (9%) were classified as structurally deficient in 2016. These figures—along with events such as the July 20, 2015, washout of the Interstate 10 Bridge near Desert Center, CA, and the partial closure of the Arlington Memorial Bridge, which connects Wa... | [
"The United States has approximately 614,000 bridges on public roads subject to the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) mandated by Congress. About 48% of these bridges are owned by state governments, and 50% are owned by local governments. State governments generally own the larger and more heavily travele... |
train_13451 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress authorized the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA, P.L. 94-163) to help prevent a repetition of the economic dislocation caused by the 1973-1974 Arab oil embargo. The program is managed by the Department of Energy (DOE). The capacity of the SPR is 727 million barr... | [
"From the mid-1970s until 2007, world markets have had to absorb roughly five significant spikes in the price of crude oil and petroleum products. Whether driven by disruptions in the physical supply of crude or refined fuels, or by uncertainties owing to international conflicts and instabilities, these price incre... |
train_13452 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Legislative initiatives to comprehensively amend the Clean Water Act (CWA) have stalled for some time as interested parties have debated whether and exactly how to change the law. Congress has instead focused legislative attention on narrow bills to extend or modify selected CWA programs, but not any comprehensive prop... | [
"Before adjourning sine die in December 2006, Congress passed legislation to reauthorize the Clean Water Act's Lake Pontchartrain Basin program ( H.R. 6121 ). President Bush signed this bill into law on December 12 ( P.L. 109-392 ). House and Senate committees reported several other bills near the end of the 109 th... |
train_13453 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 25, 2013, President Obama announced a Climate Action Plan (CAP) to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG), and to encourage adaptation to expected climate change. The President affirmed his 2009 pledge to reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 if all other ... | [
"On June 25, 2013, President Obama announced a national plan to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as to encourage adaptation to expected climate change. The President stated a willingness to work with Congress on a bipartisan, market-based scheme to reduce GHG emis... |
train_13454 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Industrial hemp is an agricultural commodity that is cultivated for use in the production of a wide range of products, including foods and beverages, cosmetics and personal care products, nutritional supplements, fabrics and textiles, yarns and spun fibers, paper, construction and insulation materials, and other manufa... | [
"F or centuries, industrial hemp (plant species Cannabis sativa) has been a source of fiber and oilseed used worldwide to produce a variety of industrial and consumer products. Currently, more than 30 nations grow industrial hemp as an agricultural commodity, which is sold on the world market. In the United States,... |
train_13455 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | China's growing use of "soft power" in Southeast Asia—non-military inducements including culture, diplomacy, foreign aid, trade, and investment—has presented new challenges to U.S. foreign policy. By downplaying many conflicting interests and working collaboratively with countries and regional organizations on such iss... | [
"Foreign policy observers often attribute China's growing influence in Southeast Asia, and other parts of the world, to its use of \"soft power\"—diplomacy, foreign assistance, trade, and investment, and the view of China as a vast, potential market. As part of its \"charm offensive\" in the region, the People's Re... |
train_13456 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The European Union's (EU's) Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU'sefforts to meet its obligation under the Kyoto Protocol. It covers more than 11,500 energy intensivefacilities across the 25 EU member countries, including oil refineries, powerplants over 20megawatts (MW) in capacity, coke ovens, an... | [
"Climate change is generally viewed as a global issue, but proposed responses typicallyrequire action at the national level. With the 1997 Kyoto Protocol now in force, countries that ratified the protocol are developing appropriate implementation strategies to begin reducing theiremissions of greenhouse gases. (1) ... |
train_13457 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 12, 2011, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued its final policy letter on Performance of Inherently Governmental and Critical Functions. The policy letter is to guide executive branch agencies in (1) identifying inherently governmental and ... | [
"On September 12, 2011, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued its final policy letter on the Performance of Inherently Governmental and Critical Functions (\"Policy Letter 11-01\" or \"final policy letter\"). Scheduled to take effect on October 12, 2... |
train_13458 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution requires Congress to present each measure it enacts to the President for approval. In contrast, the Constitution requires the President to act on measures within 10 days of their presentment and is silent on the amount of time that may elapse before Congress presents each measure to the President. Not ... | [
"The Constitution requires that after any bill or joint resolution that would become law passes both houses of Congress in final form, it must be presented to the President for approval or veto. The Constitution also sets time limits on the President's action: after a measure is presented, the President must either... |
train_13459 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Firearms are one of the leading causes of deaths for law enforcement officers feloniously killed in the line of duty. Since FY1999, Congress has provided funding to state and local law enforcement agencies to help them purchase armor vests for their officers. The Matching Grant Program for Law Enforcement Armor Vests (... | [
"F irearms are one of the leading causes of deaths for law enforcement officers feloniously killed in the line of duty. According to data published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), approximately 92% of the 505 non-federal law enforcement officers feloniously killed in the line of duty between 2005 and ... |
train_13460 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Five federal statutes authorize various intelligence agencies to demand, through National Security Letters (NSLs), certain customer information from communications providers, financial institutions, and consumer credit reporting agencies, under the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Nati... | [
"National security letters (NSL) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Intelligence agencies issue them for intelligence gathering purposes to telephone companies, Internet service providers, consumer credit reporting agencies, banks, and other financial institutions, directing the recipients to turn ... |
train_13461 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In February 2013, the House of Representatives announced that there will be an annual Congressional Academic Competition for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education. The aim of the competition is to promote entrepreneurship and innovation. The annual competition is open to any enrolled high s... | [
"In the 108 th Congress (2003-2004), Representatives Vernon Ehlers and Mark Udall launched what was then known as the bipartisan Science and Math (STEM) Educational Caucus. The caucus has been registered as a congressional Member organization (CMO) in the House of Representatives under a variety of names since its ... |
train_13462 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For several years, some Members of Congress and many military analysts have argued that the U.S. Armed Forces are too small to adequately meet all the requirements arising after the Cold War, particularly with the advent of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). In January 2004, the Department of Defense acknowledged a pr... | [
"Throughout the Cold War, end strength of the U.S. active duty force never dropped below 2.0 million personnel and peaked at over 3.5 million during the Korean and Vietnam Wars. From 1989 to 1999, end strength dropped steadily from 2.1 million to 1.4 million, where it has remained. Force structure dropped even more... |
train_13463 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The average service tenure of Members of the Senate and House of Representatives has varied substantially since 1789. This report presents data on Member tenure over time, analyzes factors that affect average tenure in any given Congress, and examines historical patterns of congressional service, including the distribu... | [
"This report presents data on average Member tenure over time, analyzes several factors that affect tenure in any given Congress, and examines historical patterns of congressional service, including the distribution of years served within each Congress, and the cross-chamber experience of Representatives and Senato... |
train_13464 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $28 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes the broad framework of U.S. assistance programs and policies in the region and then focuses on the FREEDOM Support A... | [
"Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $28 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. Over the years, various aspects of the program have drawn strong congressional interest and sponsorship; some country programs have b... |
train_13465 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For the first time since the judicial impeachments of 1986-1989, the House of Representatives has impeached two federal judges. On June 19, 2009, the House voted to impeach U.S. District Judge Samuel B. Kent of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The impeachment trial of Judge Kent before the Se... | [
"The American impeachment process places in the legislative branch the authority to remove the President, Vice President, and other federal civil officers in the executive and judicial branches upon a determination that such officers have engaged in treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. It is one... |
train_13466 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Davis-Bacon Act (DBA) requires, among other things, that not less than the locally prevailing wage be paid to workers employed, under contract, on federal construction work "to which the United States or the District of Columbia is a party." Congress has added DBA prevailing wage provisions to more than 50 separate... | [
"In 1987, Congress amended the Clean Water Act (CWA) to provide for establishment of a program of state revolving loan funds (SRFs) through which to finance local water pollution abatement projects ( P.L. 100-4 ). The SRFs were to be jointly funded by the federal government and the states with loans to be made (and... |
train_13467 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services Block Grant is a federal-state partnership program that aims to improve the health of low-income pregnant women, mothers, and children. In addition, the program aims to connect low-income families with other services and programs, such as Medicaid and the State Children's He... | [
"The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services Block Grant is administered by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This block grant is intended to improve the well-being of the low-income maternal ... |
train_13468 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal cybersecurity workforce is responsible for protecting U.S. government systems and networks against cyber threats and attacks. Federal agencies, however, have reported difficulty in assessing the size and capabilities of their cybersecurity workforces. DOD and DHS, which play prominent roles in the nation's ... | [
"Cybersecurity refers to a broad set of concepts for which there is no standard definition—it often varies by the entity employing it. DHS, for example, has defined cybersecurity as \"the activity or process, ability or capability, or state whereby information and communications systems and the information containe... |
train_13469 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Peru, a coca-producing country in the Andean region of South America, has had a turbulent political history. Despite its tumultuous past, Peru has recently taken steps to consolidate its democracy and pursue market-friendly economic policies. For the past seven years, Peru, a leading mineral exporter, has posted some o... | [
"Peru has had a turbulent political history, alternating between periods of democratic and authoritarian rule. Political turmoil dates back to Peru's traumatic experience during the Spanish conquest, which gave rise to the economic, ethnic and geographic divisions that characterize Peruvian society today. Since its... |
train_13470 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Same-sex marriage has engendered heated debate throughout the country. There is no federal same-sex marriage prohibition after the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Windsor, which struck down the portion of the Defense of Marriage Act that defined marriage as a union between a man and a woman. However, many ... | [
"Same-sex marriage has engendered heated debate throughout the country. Many states have passed statutes or constitutional amendments that prohibit same-sex couples from marrying, and that deny recognition of same-sex marriages that were legally formed in other states. These same-sex marriage bans may impact gay in... |
train_13471 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Malawi is a poor, landlocked country in southeastern Africa. A former British colony, Malawi transitioned from one-party rule to a democratic system in the early 1990s. It has since held a series of multi-party elections—though the most recent polls, held in 2014, featured some logistical shortcomings, limited violence... | [
"Malawi is a small, poor southeastern African country of just over 18 million people that in the early 1990s underwent a democratic transition from one-party rule. The country has long relied on foreign assistance, and U.S. aid is the main focus of U.S.-Malawian relations. Congressional interest centers mostly on s... |
train_13472 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was last amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB; P.L. 107-110). During the 113th Congress, both the House and Senate have considered legislation to reauthorize the ESEA. On June 12, 2013, the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee ... | [
"The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was last amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB; P.L. 107-110 ). Appropriations for most programs authorized by the ESEA were authorized through FY2007. As Congress has not reauthorized the ESEA, appropriations for ESEA programs are currently not exp... |
train_13473 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Obama Administration, in the FY2012 budget proposal, seeks to eliminate certain tax expenditures that benefit the oil and natural gas industries. Supporters of these tax provisions see them as comparable to those affecting other industries and supporting the production of domestic oil and natural gas resources. Opp... | [
"The Obama Administration, in the FY2012 budget proposal, has proposed eliminating a variety of federal tax deductions and credits available to the oil and natural gas industries. This year's proposals are similar to those sent to Congress in conjunction with the FY2010 and FY2011 budget requests. New revenue estim... |
train_13474 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A striking feature of the modern U.S. economy is its growing openness—its increased integration with the rest of the world. The attention of tax policymakers has recently been focused on the growing participation of U.S. firms in the international economy and the increased pressure that engagement places on the U.S. sy... | [
"The increasingly global scope of U.S. business has a variety of dimensions. In trade, the overall level of exports plus imports has risen steadily and substantially in recent decades, increasing from 16% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 1976 to 29% of GDP in 2016. Cross-border investment is growing even mor... |
train_13475 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The appointment of a Supreme Court Justice is an event of major significance in American politics. Each appointment is of consequence because of the enormous judicial power the Supreme Court exercises as the highest appellate court in the federal judiciary. Appointments are usually infrequent, as a vacancy on the nine-... | [
"The appointment of a Supreme Court Justice is an event of major significance in American politics. Each appointment to the nine-member Court is of consequence because of the enormous judicial power that the Court exercises, separate from, and independent of, the executive and legislative branches. While \"on avera... |
train_13476 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Thirteen temporary energy tax provisions expired at the end of 2017. All of these provisions had expired at the end of 2016, and were retroactively extended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA; P.L. 115-123) and made available for the 2017 tax year. This report briefly summarizes and discusses the economic impact... | [
"In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring temporary tax provisions. Collectively, these temporary tax provisions are often referred to as \"tax extenders.\" Of the 33 expiring provisions addressed in the most recent tax extender legislation, included in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 20... |
train_13477 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines brownfields as abandoned, idled, orunder-used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicatedby real or perceived environmental contamination. The brownfields program was establishedadministratively by EPA under the aegis of the Supe... | [
"The Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative is an effort begun in 1993 by the EPAto address sites that may be contaminated by hazardous substances, (2) but do not pose a seriousenough public health or environmental risk to qualify for cleanup under the Superfund program. (3) The purpose of the programis to p... |
train_13478 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, enacted as P.L. 111-292 (December 9, 2010), requires the head of each executive agency to establish and implement a policy under which employees shall be authorized to telework. The law amends Title 5 of the United States Code by adding a new chapter, Chapter 65, entitled "Telework... | [
"Enactment of P.L. 111-292 , the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, on December 9, 2010, as the 111 th Congress was approaching adjournment, represented the culmination of several years of legislative activity related to this issue. For example, the 108 th and 109 th Congresses saw the introduction and referral to c... |
train_13479 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 1970s, the Supreme Court handed down Smith v. Maryland and United States v. Miller, two of the most important Fourth Amendment decisions of the 20th century. In these cases, the Court held that people are not entitled to an expectation of privacy in information they voluntarily provide to third parties. This leg... | [
"In 1967, the Supreme Court pronounced in Katz v. United States that \"[w]hat a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection.\" This rule \"that a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to th... |
train_13480 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171) made changes to the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program that will result in less federal financial support to state CSE programs. The CSE program serves families that are recipients of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and non-recipient famil... | [
"This report describes the current system of child support financing, analyzes trends in child support collections and expenditures, and discusses the effect of declining Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) rolls on Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program financing. It also explains how child support col... |
train_13481 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes homegrown violent jihadists and the plots and attacks that have occurred since 9/11. For this report, "homegrown" describes terrorist activity or plots perpetrated within the United States or abroad by American citizens, lawful permanent residents, or visitors radicalized largely within the United... | [
"This report analyzes homegrown violent jihadist plots and attacks that have occurred since 9/11. It discusses the radicalization process and the forces driving violent extremist activity. It examines post-9/11 law enforcement and intelligence efforts to combat terrorism and the challenges associated with those eff... |
train_13482 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and politically sensitive. As a result, the timeline for reauthorization has become less certain. With the exception of the 2018... | [
"T he farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and politically sensitive. This has made the timeline for reauthorization less certain. Recent farm bills have been subjec... |
train_13483 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tests and examinations are widely used to decide whether a person is qualified to take up a particular occupation, advance professionally, or attend a certain educational institution. These tests can pose unique challenges to individuals with disabilities. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), an entity that... | [
"Tests and examinations can pose unique challenges to individuals with disabilities and, if accommodations are not made, prevent these individuals from advancing professionally or academically. To ameliorate these challenges, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits the administration of tests in a manne... |
train_13484 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report, in light of continued Senate interest in the judicial confirmation process during a President's final year in office, provides statistics related to Senate action on U.S. circuit and district court nominations during the eighth year of the George W. Bush, Clinton, and Reagan presidencies. The eighth year o... | [
"The process by which lower federal court judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate during the final year of a presidency has, in recent decades, been of continuing interest to Congress. The eighth year of a presidency is significant, in part, because it is the final opportunity for a Preside... |
train_13485 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This selective list of events provides information on instances of North Korean provocative actions between June 1950 and 2007. The purpose of this report is to place current provocations in the context of past actions to better judge their significance and to determine changes in trends. The term "provocation" is defi... | [
"This selective list of events provides information on reported instances of North Korean provocations against South Korea, the United States, and Japan between June 1950 and 2007 and related actions. The term \"provocation\" is defined to include armed invasion; border violations; infiltration of armed saboteurs a... |
train_13486 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the Constitution protects a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. In a companion case, Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973), the Court held further that a state may not unduly burden a woman's fundamental right to abortion b... | [
"In Roe v. Wade , the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the Constitution protects a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. In a companion case, Doe v. Bolton , the Court held further that a state may not unduly burden a woman's fundamental right to abortion by prohibiting or substantially limi... |
train_13487 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Now expired, Section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2006 (P.L. 109-163) provided authority for the Department of Defense (DOD) to transfer to the State Department up to $100 million per fiscal year in defense articles, services, training or other support for reconstruction, stabil... | [
"From FY2006 through FY2010, Congress relied on the Department of Defense (DOD) to fund small-scale security and stabilization activities carried out by the State Department and USAID to prevent or stabilize conflict situations abroad. The \"Section 1207\" authority used for this funding expired at the end of FY201... |
train_13488 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences executive branch foreign policymaking generally. It contains the largest share -- about two-thirds -- of total U.S. internationalaffairs spending. President Bush... | [
"On February 13, Congress approved H.J.Res. 2 , a continuingappropriations measure to which Foreign Operations and 10 other FY2003appropriations bills had been added. This omnibus spending measure was signed bythe President on February 20 ( P.L. 108-7 ). As enacted, Foreign Operations is fundedat $16.3 billion for ... |
train_13489 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government owns roughly 640 million acres, about 28% of the 2.27 billion acres of land in the United States. Four major federal land management agencies administer 610.1 million acres of this land (as of September 30, 2015). They are the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and ... | [
"Today the federal government owns and manages roughly 640 million acres of land in the United States. Four major federal land management agencies manage 610.1 million acres of this land, or about 95% of all federal land in the United States. These agencies are as follows: Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 248.3 mil... |
train_13490 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior'sBureau of Reclamation, much of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies,including the Appalachian Regional Commission, theNuclear Regulator... | [
"The President submitted his budget for FY1999 on February 2, 1998. In it was $21.7 billion for energyand water development programs. The request was larger than the FY1998 appropriation of $21.2 billion. The Senate Appropriations Committee reported out itsfunding levels for energy and water programs onJune 5, 1998... |
train_13491 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. economic sanctions on Cuba date back to the early 1960s when the Cuban government under Fidel Castro began to build a repressive communist dictatorship and aligned with the Soviet Union. The trade embargo was first imposed in 1962 under the authority of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trading with the E... | [
"Since the early 1960s, U.S. policy toward Cuba has consisted largely of isolating the island nation through comprehensive economic sanctions, including an embargo on trade and financial transactions. President John F. Kennedy proclaimed an embargo on trade between the United States and Cuba in February 1962, citin... |
train_13492 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In an April 2009 speech in Prague, President Obama pledged that his Administration would launch "a new international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years." To motivate world leaders to achieve this goal, the President hosted a Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, DC, on ... | [
"In an April 2009 speech in Prague, President Obama said that nuclear terrorism is the \"most immediate and extreme threat to global security,\" and announced \"a new international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years.\" To mobilize world leaders to meet this goal, the... |
train_13493 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal employees with permanent appointments earn pension benefits under one of two retirement plans. Employees hired after 1983 participate in the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS). Employees hired before 1984 participate in the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) unless they elected to transfer to the F... | [
"Federal employees with permanent appointments earn pension benefits under one of two retirement plans. Employees hired after 1983 participate in the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS). Employees hired before 1984 participate in the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) unless they elected to transfer to ... |
train_13494 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. §§801-808), a covered agency regulation takes effect as provided by law unless Congress disapproves the rule with a joint resolution of disapproval. In contrast, the Regulations from the Executive In Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act (H.R. 10 and S. 299, 112th Congress) woul... | [
"The Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. §§801-808) requires each federal agency to send its covered final rules to the Comptroller General at the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and to both houses of Congress before the rules can take effect. The CRA generally requires agencies to delay the effective da... |
train_13495 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) allows certain individuals and small businesses to buy qualified health insurance through state exchanges. The exchanges are not themselves insurers, but rather are special marketplaces where insurance firms may sell health policies that meet set, ... | [
"The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148 as amended) mandated the creation of state health care exchanges for the sale of insurance policies, including certain individual and small-group policies. Under the ACA, a state may set up its own exchange or create an exchange in partnership ... |
train_13496 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Congressional Research Service (CRS) developed the Congressional Oversight Manual over 30 years ago, following a three-day December 1978 Workshop on Congressional Oversight and Investigations. The workshop was organized by a group of House and Senate committee aides from both parties and CRS at the request of the b... | [
"Throughout its history, Congress has engaged in oversight—broadly defined as the review, monitoring, and supervision of the implementation of public policy—of the executive branch. The first several Congresses inaugurated such important oversight techniques as special investigations, reporting requirements, resolu... |
train_13497 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December 2010, Congress approved a temporary 2 percentage point reduction in the Social Security payroll tax rate for employees and the self-employed in 2011 as part of the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-312). The Social Security payroll tax rate in 2011 wa... | [
"Social Security is a self-financed program that provides benefits to retired or disabled workers and their family members and to the family members of deceased workers. Social Security is financed by payroll taxes paid by covered workers and their employers. Employees and employers each pay 6.2% of covered earning... |
train_13498 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report begins with a question. What changes in U.S. strategic and defense relationships in the Asia-Pacific region, if any, are needed to respond to major developments in the region, particularly China's emergence as a major power, the continuing potential for inter-state conflict, and the struggle against militan... | [
"Congress' ongoing interest in America's strategic and defense relationships in the Asia-Pacific region was reflected in a September 2006 House International Relations Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific hearing on America and Asia in a Changing World. That hearing sought to review the main strands of U.S. policy ... |
train_13499 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program provides health insurance to federal employees, retirees, and their dependents. This report provides a general overview of FEHB. It describes the structure of FEHB, including eligibility for the program and coverage options available to enrollees, as well as premiums... | [
"The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program is the largest employer-sponsored health insurance program in the country. It provides more than $40 billion in health care benefits annually to employees and retirees of the federal government, the largest employer in the United States. In a typical year, FEHB ... |
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