id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_13800 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Infectious diseases are estimated to cause more than 25% of all deaths around the world. A number of infectious disease outbreaks over the past decade, such as H5N1 avian influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), have heightened concerns about how infectious diseases might threaten global security. Intern... | [
"In January 2000, the National Intelligence Council (NIC) released a report asserting that, \"[n]ew and reemerging infectious diseases will pose a rising threat to U.S. and global security over the next 20 years. These diseases will endanger U.S. citizens at home and abroad, threaten U.S. armed forces deployed over... |
train_13801 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional hearings are the principal formal method by which committees collect and analyze information during the legislative policymaking process. Whether confirmation hearings—a procedure unique to the Senate—legislative, oversight, investigative, or a combination of these, all hearings share common elements of p... | [
"Under Senate rules, each committee is authorized to hold hearings whether the Senate is in session, has recessed, or has adjourned (Rule XXVI, paragraph 1). Committees may hold hearings in Washington, or field hearings in the states or abroad. Whether legislative, oversight, investigative, confirmation, or a combi... |
train_13802 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2017 appropriations for the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. It also provides an overview of FY2016 appropriations for agencies and bureaus funded as part of annual CJS appropriations. Division B of the C... | [
"T his report describes actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2017 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. It also provides an overview of enacted FY2016 appropriations for agencies and bureaus funded as part of annual CJS appropriations. The amoun... |
train_13803 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Geographic proximity has ensured strong linkages between the United States and the Latin American and Caribbean region, with diverse U.S. interests, including economic, political and security concerns. U.S. policy toward the region under the Obama Administration has focused on four priorities: promoting economic and so... | [
"U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere are diverse, and include economic, political, security and humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured strong economic linkages between the United States and the region, with the United States being the major trading partner and largest source of foreign investm... |
train_13804 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With a conventional military and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat from Saddam Hussein's regime removed, Iran seeks, at a minimum, to ensure that Iraq can never again become a threat to Iran, whether or not there are U.S. forces present in Iraq. Some believe that Iran's intentions go far further—to try to harnes... | [
"Iran has sought to shape and influence the post-Saddam political structure in Iraq to Iran's advantage by assuring the political success of pro-Iranian politicians, but with mixed success. During 2003-2005, Iran calculated that it suited its interests to support the entry of Iraqi Shiite Islamist factions into an ... |
train_13805 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is prepared annually to provide Congress with official, unclassified, quantitative data on conventional arms transfers to developing nations by the United States and foreign countries for the preceding eight calendar years for use in its policy oversight functions. All agreement and delivery data in this re... | [
"This report provides Congress with official, unclassified, background data from U.S. government sources on transfers of conventional arms to developing nations by major suppliers for the period 2003 through 2010. It also includes some data on worldwide supplier transactions. It updates and revises CRS Report R4140... |
train_13806 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 113th Congress may face an array of policy issues affecting postsecondary education. Many of these postsecondary education issues may be considered as part of efforts to reauthorize the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). However, postsecondary education issues also may emerge as part of other legislati... | [
"This report identifies and examines several of the major postsecondary education policy issues facing the 113 th Congress. For each of the broader issue areas identified, the report provides brief background information and an introduction and discussion of various aspects of the issue. Varied policy options are a... |
train_13807 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An "invasive" species (alternatively known as an alien, exotic, injurious, introduced or naturalized, non-native, nonindigenous, nuisance, or noxious species) refers to an animal or plant that is introduced into an environment where it is not native. The introduction of invasive species to the United States—whether del... | [
"A n \"invasive species\" means \"an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.\" \"Invasive\" species (alternatively known as an alien, exotic, injurious, introduced or naturalized, non-native, nonindigenous, nuisance, or noxious species) fur... |
train_13808 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Foodborne illness-causing bacteria on farms can enter the food supply unless preventive measures are in place to reduce them, either prior to or after harvest. Also of potential risk to the food supply are pesticide residues, animal drugs, and certain naturally occurring contaminants. There is interest in examining on-... | [
"In recent years, major outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, product recalls, and reports about unsafe food imports have caused some to question the adequacy of the U.S. food safety system. Stakeholders appear to agree that an optimal system should encompass a comprehensive, preventive approach to food safety, focusin... |
train_13809 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reports of a mass casualty chemical weapons attack in the suburbs of Damascus are reshaping the long-running and contentious debate over possible U.S. intervention in Syria's bloody civil war. Obama Administration officials and some foreign governments report that on August 21, 2013, forces loyal to Syrian President Ba... | [
"The Syrian government's apparent acceptance of a Russian proposal for Syria to acknowledge its chemical weapons and place them under international control has recast the ongoing debates over how to respond to an August 21 chemical weapons attack and bring an end to the Syrian civil war. Other parties including Sen... |
train_13810 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses the permissible "political activities" in which organizations, associations, or businesses may engage if such entities receive federal funds through a grant or a federal contract. When discussing "political" activities by private grantees or contract recipients, this report includes lobbying or ad... | [
"As a general matter, organizations or corporate entities which receive federal funds by way of grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements do not lose their rights as organizations to use their own, private resources for what may generally be termed \"political\" activities because of or as a consequence of recei... |
train_13811 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack or natural disaster could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems increased after th... | [
"The September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have drawn attention to the security of many institutions, facilities, and systems in the United States, including the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure. These systems have long been recognized as being potentially vuln... |
train_13812 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a regional free trade agreement (FTA), which the United States concluded with 11 other Pacific-facing nations in October 2015: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. Approval by Congress (through implementing legislati... | [
"The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a regional free trade agreement (FTA) among 12 Pacific-facing nations—Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam—that was concluded in October 2015. The TPP agreement is pending congressional approva... |
train_13813 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Limitations on nuclear testing have been on the international agenda since 1954. The United States ratified one such treaty in 1963 and two in 1990 that together bar all but underground nuclear tests with an explosive yield of 150 kilotons or less. The United States has observed a unilateral moratorium on nuclear tests... | [
"\" To achieve a global ban on nuclear testing, my administration will immediately and aggressively pursue U.S. ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty . After more than five decades of talks, it is time for the testing of nuclear weapons to finally be banned . \" President Barack Obama, April 2009. \"I w... |
train_13814 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past two decades, the Latin America and Caribbean region has made enormous strides in terms of political and economic development, with regular free and fair elections the norm in most countries. Although the region overall experienced an economic setback in 2002-2003, it rebounded from 2004-2007, with strong ... | [
"The Latin America and Caribbean region has made enormous strides over the past two decades in political development, with all countries but Cuba having regular free and fair elections for head of government. Despite this democratic progress, several nations face considerable challenges, including persistent povert... |
train_13815 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House Judiciary Committee has approved an amended version of the Clean Up Government Act (H.R. 2572). The Senate has passed nearly identical provisions as Title II of the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (S. 2038). Title II, however, was dropped from the bill prior to its enactment as P.L. 112-105, 126 S... | [
"On February 2, 2012, the Senate passed S. 2038 , the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act). Title II of the STOCK Act, added as the Leahy-Cornyn amendment on the Senate floor, carries forward much of what had appeared in S. 401 , when it emerged from the Senate Judiciary Committee. Title ... |
train_13816 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Major events that are considered to be nationally significant may be designated by the President—or his representative, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—as National Special Security Events (NSSE). Beginning in September 1998 through February 2008, there have been 28 events designated as NSSEs.... | [
"On May 22, 1998, President William J. Clinton issued Presidential Decision Directive 62 (PDD 62)—Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the Homeland and Americans Overseas. PDD 62 established a framework for federal department and agency counter-terrorism programs, which addressed terrorist apprehension and ... |
train_13817 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage)—known as CCS—has attracted congressional interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground and prevented ... | [
"Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage)—known as CCS—is a physical process that involves capturing manmade carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at its source and storing it before its release to the atmosphere. CCS could reduce the amount of CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere despite the continued use of fossil fuels. An inte... |
train_13818 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1999, Congress has expressed an interest in the organizational structure of theDepartment of Justice's (DOJ's) Office of Justice Programs (OJP). The 109th Congress passedlegislation that restructures OJP and creates a new Office of Audit, Assessment and Managementto more closely monitor grantee compliance with gr... | [
"The Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 wassigned into law on January 5, 2006 ( P.L. 109-162 ). The act reauthorizes many of the agencies andprograms under the Department of Justice's (DOJ's) jurisdiction. It also includes several provisionsthat builds upon previous efforts... |
train_13819 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 1206 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2006, as amended and regularly extended, provides the Secretary of Defense with authority to train and equip foreign military forces for two specified purposes—counterterrorism and stability operations—and foreign security forces for countert... | [
"Among the issues related to U.S. assistance to foreign military and security forces that have been of interest to the 113 th Congress is the status of Section 1206 of the FY2006 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), P.L. 109-163 , as amended. This statute provides the Secretary of Defense with authority to tr... |
train_13820 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | November 13, 2001, President Bush issued a Military Order (M.O.) pertaining to the detention, treatment, and trial of certain non-citizens in the war against terrorism. Military commissions pursuant to the M.O. began in November, 2004, against four persons declared eligible for trial, but proceedings were suspended aft... | [
"Rasul v. Bush , issued by the U.S. Supreme Court at the end of its 2003-2004 term, clarified that U.S. courts do have jurisdiction to hear petitions for habeas corpus on behalf of the approximately 550 persons detained at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in connection with the war against terrorism,... |
train_13821 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The devastation inflicted on the Gulf region by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 and Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008, in addition to recent disasters in the Midwest due to tornadoes and flooding, triggered mass relief efforts by local, state, and federal government agencies, as well as private organizations and in... | [
"In 2010, various communities across America were hit hard by natural disasters ranging from the Tennessee and Arkansas floods to tornadoes in the Midwest and Tropical Storm Hermine in the Gulf region. When volunteers go to these disaster areas as they did when Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana and the surrounding st... |
train_13822 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The debate over a possible reduction in federal highway program spending duringFY2003 has ended. Congress haschosen to overrule provisions of law that would have reduced the FY2003 spending level to $23.2 billion, and hasinstead settled on $31.8 billion, the same asthe FY2002 level. In early 2002, it appeared that a ma... | [
"RS21164 -- Highway Finance: RABA's Double-edged Sword Updated May 19, 2003 Summary The debate over a possible reduction in federal highway program spending duringFY2003 has ended. Congress haschosen to overrule provisions of law that would have reduced the FY2003 spending level to $23.2 billion, and hasinstead set... |
train_13823 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994. The agreement was signed by President George H. W. Bush on December 17, 1992, and approved by Congress on November 20, 1993. The NAFTA Implementation Act was signed into law by President William J. Clinton on December 8, 1993 (P.L. 1... | [
"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been in effect since January 1, 1994. NAFTA was signed by President George H. W. Bush on December 17, 1992, and approved by Congress on November 20, 1993. The NAFTA Implementation Act was signed into law by President William J. Clinton on December 8, 1993 ( P.L. ... |
train_13824 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There continues to be congressional interest in limiting human activity in certain areas of the marine environment, as one response to mounting evidence of declining environmental quality and populations of living resources. The purposes of proposed additional limits would be both to stem declines and to permit the reh... | [
"Many coastal and offshore ecosystems continue to be degraded by anthropogenic causes, despite efforts to control or limit them. The causes of degradation are numerous, and can include: pollutants; runoff (carrying sediment and chemicals) from land; coastal development; introduction of non-native or invasive specie... |
train_13825 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many retirees depend on their former employer for retirement health insurance, either as their sole source of coverage for those under age 65 or as a supplement to their Medicare coverage once they reach 65. However, the future of these benefits is uncertain. With the retirement of the baby boom generation looming ahea... | [
"Many retirees depend on their former employer for retirement health insurance, either as their sole source of coverage for those under age 65 or as a supplement to their Medicare coverage once they reach 65. However, given that employers are not required to offer employer-sponsored health insurance, as well as lim... |
train_13826 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The courts and the executive branch have faced major decisions on clean air issues in 2006, with Congress playing a limited role. One focus has been the EPA Administrator's September 21, 2006 decision regarding air quality standards for fine particles. According to EPA and the consensus of the scientific community, cur... | [
"Despite steady improvements in air quality in many of the United States' most polluted cities, the goal of clean air continues to elude the nation. The most widespread problems involve ozone and fine particles. As of March 2006, 158 million people lived in areas classified \"nonattainment\" for the ozone National ... |
train_13827 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | How tax policy affects health insurance and health care spending is a perennial subject of discussion in Washington. The issue is prompted by the size of the tax benefits, by their effect on the cost and allocation of health care resources, and by interest in comprehensive tax reform. Current law contains significant t... | [
"Current law provides significant tax benefits for health insurance and expenses. The tax subsidies (mostly federal income tax exclusions and deductions) are widely available, though not everyone can take advantage of them. They reward some people more than others, raising questions of equity. They influence the am... |
train_13828 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For most of the twentieth century, the primary use of coal in the United States was for electric power generation, and for most of the history of power generation in the United States, coal has been the dominant fuel used to produce electricity. Even as recently as 2011, coal was the fuel used for almost 42% of power g... | [
"Coal has been the fuel most used for thermal energy since the early days of the Industrial Revolution. However, the mechanization of factories quickly brought a shift in coal use from heat to steam engines, and then to fuel steam turbines to power the electric motors of industry. The advent of electrical lighting ... |
train_13829 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Obama's FY2012 budget request, sent to Congress on February 14, 2011, included $670.9 billion in discretionary budget authority for the Department of Defense (DOD), of which $553.1 billion was for the so-called "base budget" of the department (that is, the cost of routine, peacetime operations excluding the c... | [
"On December 23, 2011, President Obama signed H.R. 2055 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act for 2012 ( P.L. 112-74 ), providing for the Department of Defense (DOD) $646.3 billion in new discretionary budget authority, which is $25.3 billion less than the Administration requested. Of that overall reduction, $22.5 ... |
train_13830 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A patent box provides a lower tax rate on income from patents, and in some cases, from other intellectual property. A number of countries, including the U.K., France, the Netherlands, and China, have adopted a patent box. Rates generally range from 5% to 15%. Patent boxes are in some cases referred to as innovation box... | [
"A patent box provides a lower tax rate on income from patents. In some cases, the lower rate applies to income from other intellectual property. Such a subsidy is sometimes referred to as an innovation or IP box. In this report, the term \"patent box,\" the most popular name, will be used to refer to all of the sp... |
train_13831 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Sportsmen's Heritage Act of 2012 (H.R. 4089) is intended to create an "open until closed" management policy for federal lands, according to the House committee report. It describes the criteria for federal land management agencies to consider in order to close federal lands to fishing, hunting, or recreational shoo... | [
"While hunting and fishing are permitted on the majority of federal lands, some believe that those recreational activities are unnecessarily restricted by the planning processes of federal land management agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Forest Service, the National Park Service (NPS), and... |
train_13832 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Portions of all 50 states and the District of Columbia are vulnerable to earthquake hazards, although risks vary greatly across the country and within individual states. Alaska is the most earthquake-prone state, experiencing a magnitude 7 earthquake almost every year and a magnitude 8 earthquake every 13 years, on ave... | [
"P ortions of all 50 states and the District of Columbia are vulnerable to earthquake hazards, although risks vary greatly across the country and within individual states. Seismic hazards are greatest in the western United States, particularly in California, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, and Hawaii. Alaska is the mos... |
train_13833 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires all federal agencies to consult with either the Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service (the Services) to determine whether their actions may jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or destroy or adversely modify designated critical hab... | [
"The purpose of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (16 U.S.C. §§ 1531 et seq. ) is threefold: to provide a means to conserve ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend; to provide a program to protect those species; and to take steps to achieve the purposes of related treaties and conventions. Sec... |
train_13834 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although an involuntary confession has been inadmissible in federal cases since the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court did not denounce physically coercive abuses in State cases until itsdecision in Brown v. Mississippi . The Brown case established the basis for the FourteenthAmendment "voluntariness" standard as th... | [
"During the 105th Congress, the proposed \"Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1997\" containedprovisions designed to overrule Miranda . This is a review of the controversy sparked by this as wellas other proposals governing the use of a defendant's confession against him at his criminal trial. This report reviews the dev... |
train_13835 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The budget deficit has exceeded $1 trillion since 2009. Combined with a shrinking economy, deficits increased the publicly held federal debt by over 30 percentage points of GDP between 2008 and 2012. Deficits of this size are not sustainable in the long run because the federal debt cannot indefinitely grow faster than ... | [
"The federal budget deficit totaled $1.4 trillion in FY2009, which was the first time it ever topped $1 trillion. It remained over $1 trillion for the next three fiscal years. The government's ability to finance a budget deficit depends on the size of the economy. For this reason, and to compare the deficit to hist... |
train_13836 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On Thursday, May 24, the House and Senate approved a compromise on H.R. 2206, a bill providing $120 billion in supplemental appropriations for FY2007. The President signed the bill into law, P.L. 110-28, on May 25. In the House, the key vote to pass the bill was on approval of the rule, H.Res. 438, which was adopted by... | [
"On Thursday, May 24, 2007, the House and Senate approved a compromise on H.R. 2206 , a bill providing $120 billion in supplemental appropriations for FY2007. The President signed the bill into law, P.L. 110-28 , on May 25, 2007. The bill does not set deadlines for withdrawing troops from Iraq, but it does establis... |
train_13837 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Infrastructure investment has received renewed interest as of late, with both President Trump and some Members of Congress discussing the benefits of such spending. Infrastructure can be defined in a number of ways depending on the policy discussion; in general, however, the term refers to longer-lived, capital-intensi... | [
"I nfrastructure investment has received renewed interest as of late, with both President Trump and some Members of Congress discussing the benefits of such spending. The condition and performance of infrastructure is thought to affect the economic well-being of countries in a number of ways. This report provides a... |
train_13838 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The veto power vested in the President by Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution has proven to be an effective tool in the executive branch's dealings with Congress. In order for a bill to become law, the President either signs the bill into law, or the President allows the bill to become law without signature after ... | [
"T his report presents information on the constitutional basis for vetoes, veto override procedure, and veto threats. It concludes with tables providing the counts of regular vetoes, pocket vetoes, and vetoes of appropriations acts. The President's veto authority is among the most significant tools in the executive... |
train_13839 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Robinson-Patman Act (hereinafter, R-P), 15 U.S.C. § § 13, 13a, 13b, 21a, makes it unlawful, with certain exceptions, to knowingly sell goods "in commerce," for use or sale within the United States, at differing prices to contemporaneous buyers of those goods. Enacted during the Depression at the behest of small gro... | [
"The Robinson-Patman Act (15 U.S.C. §§13, 13a, 13b, 21a) was enacted in 1936 with the specific purpose of creating and maintaining a market atmosphere in which small business could compete effectively, at least in the purchase of commodities, with its larger rivals. The immediate impetus for that Depression-era leg... |
train_13840 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The recession that began in December 2007 has raised issues about policies to address the threats to the economic security of people and families from an economic downturn. Families that were economically disadvantaged before the recession are highly likely to face risks to their well-being—unemployment rates for women... | [
"It is now generally acknowledged that the economy entered recession in December 2007, and has since lost 6.9 million jobs. In August 2009, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issued its revised economic outlook, forecasting a return to economic growth in the last half of 2009, but with the unemployment rate cont... |
train_13841 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government supports homeownership in different ways. One of the main ways is through programs or quasi-government entities that promise lenders or investors that if a homeowner defaults on a covered mortgage, the lender or investor will still receive some—or all—of the amount it was owed. In some cases, the... | [
"The federal government provides homeownership incentives based on the belief that there are benefits to society of having a high homeownership rate. For example, owners may have a greater attachment to their neighborhood than renters, and this could be reflected in better exterior home maintenance, greater civic p... |
train_13842 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the 112th Congress considers legislation reauthorizing the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (PWEDA; P.L. 89-136), which created the Economic Development Administration (EDA) and its programs, the PWEDA's statutory evolution may inform Congress in its deliberation. In reviewing the evolution of the P... | [
"Created with the enactment of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (PWEDA; P.L. 89-136), the Economic Development Administration has a 46-year history of supporting job creation and long-term economic recovery efforts in the nation's economically distressed areas. The 112 th Congress may consider ... |
train_13843 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many analysts believe that data analysis is a critical element in making smart, informed, policy decisions and in managing government programs. Without data, there may not be an appropriate basis for making policy decisions, measuring or assessing the effectiveness of government programs, or providing transparency into... | [
"In FY2014, the Department of Defense (DOD) obligated more than $280 billion for federal contracts, more than all other federal agencies combined. DOD's obligations were equal to 8% of federal spending. Many analysts and government officials have argued that by more effectively using data to support acquisition dec... |
train_13844 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 4, 2003, President Bush signed the U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement( P.L. 108-78 ) into law in a White House ceremony. The agreement went into effect on January 1,2004. In late July 2003, the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act hadpassed the House by a vote of 272-155 and the... | [
"The act providing Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) to the President ( P.L.107-210 ) contained certain consultation and notification requirements in order forinternational trade agreements to be considered by Congress under expeditedprocedures. The requirements include the following: (11) at least 90 calendar days b... |
train_13845 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress's and the American public's ability to oversee and understand how intelligence dollars are spent is limited by the secrecy that surrounds the intelligence budget process. Yet, total spending on the Intelligence Community (IC) programs discussed in this report equates to approximately $70 billion dollars—roughl... | [
"Intelligence Community (IC) spending reveals much about the IC's structure, capabilities, missions, and customers. Program budgets provide resources (money and manpower) considered necessary to accomplish IC goals, directives, duties and responsibilities defined by the U.S. Code and Executive Order (E.O.) 12333. T... |
train_13846 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 5, 2007, President Bush presented his fiscal year (FY) 2008 budget to Congress. The President's budget predicted a deficit of $239 billion for FY2008 and a steady improvement of the federal government's fiscal position, including a surplus of $61 billion in FY2012, the last year projected. Major proposals i... | [
"The Bush Administration, in accordance with the statutory requirement that the President present a budget proposal by the first Monday in February, released The Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2008 on February 5, 2007. The full set of budget documents ( Budget, Appendix, Analytical Perspectives, Histori... |
train_13847 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and the Republic of the Philippines maintain close ties stemming from the U.S. colonial period (1898-1946), the bilateral security alliance bound by the Mutual Defense Treaty of 1951, and common strategic and economic interests. In the past decade, the Philippines has been one of the largest recipient... | [
"The United States and the Republic of the Philippines maintain close ties stemming from the U.S. colonial period (1898-1946), a history of extensive military cooperation, the bilateral security alliance bound by the Mutual Defense Treaty of 1951, and common strategic and economic interests. Other pillars of the bi... |
train_13848 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (together, ADA) prohibit discrimination in employment against qualified individuals on the basis of disability. The ADA defines the term disability broadly to include individuals with disabilities, individuals with a history of a ... | [
"The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (together, ADA) have often been described as the most sweeping nondiscrimination legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA provides broad nondiscrimination protection in employment, public services, public accommodations a... |
train_13849 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides benefits to low-income, eligible households on an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card; benefits can then be exchanged for foods at authorized retailers. SNAP reaches a large share of low-income households. In FY2018, a monthly average of 40.3 million pers... | [
"The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provided food assistance to a monthly average of 40.3 million persons in 20.1 million households in FY2018. Total benefit costs were $60.6 billion in FY2018. SNAP participation and costs increased markedly from FY2007 to FY2013, mostly as a result of automatic a... |
train_13850 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The financial crisis implicated the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market as a major source of systemic risk. A number of firms used derivatives to construct highly leveraged speculative positions, which generated enormous losses that threatened to bankrupt not only the firms themselves but also their creditors and... | [
"Prior to the financial crisis that began in 2007, over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives were generally regarded as a beneficial financial innovation that distributed financial risk more efficiently and made the financial system more stable, resilient, and resistant to shocks. The crisis essentially reversed this view... |
train_13851 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The November 2009 shooting at Fort Hood, TX, renewed interest in terrorist watchlist screening and background checks for firearms through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Pursuant to the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (P.L. 103-159), in November 1998 the Federal Bureau of Investigati... | [
"The April 15, 2013, Boston Marathon bombing that killed 3 people and wounded 264 could generate renewed interest in terrorist watchlist screening and background checks for firearms, because at least one of the alleged perpetrators was reportedly watch-listed as a suspected terrorist. And, on April 18, 2013, the al... |
train_13852 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On October 6, 2010, the 27-member European Union (EU) and South Korea signed a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA). The South Korean National Assembly and the EU Parliament have ratified the agreement. The agreement went into effect on July 1, 2011. The South Korea-EU FTA (KOREU FTA) is the largest FTA in terms of mar... | [
"After more than two years of negotiations, the European Union (EU) and South Korea signed a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) on October 6, 2010. Both the South Korean National Assembly and the EU Parliament have ratified the agreement, and it went into effect on July 1, 2011. The South Korea-EU FTA (KOREU FTA)... |
train_13853 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government currently provides support for career and technical education through the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998 (Perkins III; P.L. 105-332). The act authorized funding for vocational and technical education through FY2003, although the Congress continued to provide fundin... | [
"The federal government currently provides support for career and technical education through the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998 (Perkins III; P.L. 105-332 ). The act authorized funding for vocational and technical education through FY2003, although the Congress continued to provide ... |
train_13854 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Covered bonds are a relatively common method of funding mortgages in Europe, but uncommon in the United States. A covered bond is a recourse debt obligation that is secured by a pool of assets, often mortgages. The holders of the bond are given additional protection in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the issui... | [
"Covered bonds are one method for financial institutions to raise funds from investors. They are rare in the United States, although variations of covered bonds have been used in Europe for centuries. Although covered bonds are not a prohibited form of debt contract in the United States, some observers believe that... |
train_13855 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 8, 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a draft report on its investigation of groundwater contamination near the town of Pavillion, Wyoming. EPA had initiated the investigation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in response to cit... | [
"On December 8, 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a draft report on its investigation of groundwater contamination near the town of Pavillion, Wyoming. This CRS report provides a synopsis of the statutory authority for EPA's investigation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com... |
train_13856 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | High winds, especially when combined with precipitation from seasonal storms, can cause damage to electricity utility systems, resulting in service interruptions to large numbers of electricity customers. While most such power outages are caused by damage from trees and tree limbs falling on local electricity distribut... | [
"High winds, especially when combined with precipitation from seasonal storms, can cause damage to electricity utility systems, resulting in service interruptions to large numbers of electricity customers. While most such power outages are caused by damage from trees and tree limbs falling on local electricity dist... |
train_13857 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance since 1868. Following the 1945 McCarran-Ferguson Act, this system has operated with the explicit blessing of Congress, but has also been subject to periodic scrutiny and suggestions that the time may have come for Congress to reclaim the regulatory aut... | [
"Insurance companies constitute a major segment of the U.S. financial services industry. The industry is often separated into two parts: life and health insurance companies , which also often offer annuity products, and property and casualty insurance companies , which include most other lines of insurance, such as... |
train_13858 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For FY2003-FY2009, a rider on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) appropriations has prohibited that agency from disclosing firearm trace data (based on firearm transfer records maintained in part by licensed gun dealers) and multiple handgun sales reports data for any purpose other than suppo... | [
"Located in the Department of Justice (DOJ), ATF is the lead law enforcement agency charged with administering and enforcing federal laws related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of firearms and explosives. ATF also investigates arson cases with a federal nexus and violations of laws related to the... |
train_13859 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Managing price and income risks can be a major challenge for dairy farmers. In 2011, the farm price of milk has rebounded from lows in 2009, but the price of corn, a major feed ingredient, has reached record highs. The volatile nature of commodity markets presents opportunities for profits and losses when milk prices o... | [
"Managing price and income risks can be a major challenge for dairy farmers. In 2011, the farm price of milk has rebounded from lows in 2009, but the price of corn, a major feed ingredient, has reached record highs. The volatile nature of commodity markets presents opportunities for profits and losses when milk pri... |
train_13860 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Education has long been considered an important part of the U.S. foreign assistance strategy. There is general agreement that education is crucial to bettering livelihoods and improving economic stability in developing countries. According to the World Bank, an increase of one standard deviation in student reading and ... | [
"This report is a descriptive profile of recent U.S. foreign aid education sector activities, outlining actors, policy, funding levels, and programs. The education sector has long been considered an important element of the U.S. foreign assistance program. As noted in a 1980 Government Accountability Office report ... |
train_13861 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Argentina, a South American country with a population of almost 44 million, has had a vibrant democratic tradition since its military relinquished power in 1983. Current President Mauricio Macri—the leader of the center-right Republican Proposal and the candidate of the Let's Change coalition representing center-right ... | [
"On June 5, 2017, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee reported out S.Res. 18 (Coons), as amended, which would reaffirm the U.S.-Argentine partnership and recognize Argentina's economic reforms. The measure is similar to H.Res. 54 , which was passed by the House in April 2017 (see \" Trump Administration ,\" belo... |
train_13862 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) establishes most private-sector workers' rights to unionize and collectively bargain over wages, benefits, and working conditions. Enacted in 1935, the NLRA also permits collective bargaining contracts between employers and labor organizations that require every individual covere... | [
"To promote commerce and deter labor unrest, Congress has established laws regulating unionization and collective bargaining (i.e., similar workers negotiating compensation and working conditions as a unit rather than individually). The primary federal legislation that regulates private sector collective bargaining... |
train_13863 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2004, Congress considered a number of issues relating to the Andean region and drugtrafficking. The Administration requested $731 million for the Andean Counterdrug Initiative forFY2005, and $114 million for economic assistance programs. Congress also changed the level ofU.S. military and civilian contractor personn... | [
"U.S. support for Plan Colombia began in 2000, when Congress passed legislation providing$1.3 billion in interdiction and development assistance ( P.L. 106-246 ) for Colombia and six regionalneighbors. (2) Funding forACI from FY2000 through FY2004 totals $3.5 billion. For FY2005, Congress appropriated anadditional ... |
train_13864 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A surprising number of federal crimes carry mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment; that is, they are punishably by imprisonment for a term of not less than some number of years. During the 114th Congress, Members have introduced a number of related proposals. Some would expand the scope of existing mandatory minimum ... | [
"Federal crimes are usually punishable by a statutory maximum term of imprisonment—for example, \"imprisoned for not more than 5 years.\" A surprising number also have statutory minimum terms of imprisonment—for example, \"imprisonment which may not be less than 10 years or for life.\" Under some circumstances, man... |
train_13865 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | From 1789 through 2009, the President submitted to the Senate 160 nominations for positions on the Supreme Court. Of these nominations, 148 received action on the floor of the Senate, and 124 were confirmed. On August 5, 2010, the Senate confirmed the nomination of Solicitor General Elana Kagan to be an Associate Justi... | [
"The nomination of a Justice to the Supreme Court of the United States is one of the rare moments when all three branches of the federal government come together: the executive branch nominates, and the legislative branch considers the nomination, deciding whether the nominee will become a member of the high court.... |
train_13866 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Today's 911 system is built on an infrastructure of analog technology that does not support many of the features that most Americans expect to be part of an emergency response. Efforts to splice newer, digital technologies onto this aging infrastructure have created points of failure where a call can be dropped or misd... | [
"The underlying systems for 911 calls today operate almost exclusively on analog technology, using an architecture of circuits and switches developed when the American Telephone & Telegraph Company was a regulated monopoly providing most of the nation's telephone service. Modern communications innovations such as d... |
train_13867 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Governments run deficits for several reasons. By running short-run deficits, governments can avoid raising taxes during economic downturns, which helps households smooth consumption over time. Running deficits can stimulate aggregate demand in the economy, thus giving policymakers a valuable fiscal policy tool to help ... | [
"In the past half century, the federal government has run annual deficits in all but six years. The FY2009 federal deficit swelled to $1.414 trillion, or nearly 10% of gross domestic product (GDP), as the economic recession depressed federal revenues and as financial interventions and \"automatic stabilizer\" incom... |
train_13868 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area has the primary federal responsibility of advancing scientific knowledge for agriculture through research, education, and extension. USDA REE responsibilities are carried out by four agencies: the Agricultural Research S... | [
"The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) combines its research activities into the Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area. The mission area is composed of four agencies with the federal responsibility to advance scientific knowledge for agriculture. Activities include the biological, physical, and ... |
train_13869 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Apprenticeship is a job training strategy that combines on-the-job training with related instruction, typically provided in a classroom setting. This report answers frequently asked questions about apprenticeship and the federal activities that support this training approach. This Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) repor... | [
"Apprenticeship is a workforce development strategy that trains an individual in a specific occupation using a structured combination of on-the-job training and related instruction. Related instruction is usually conducted in a classroom setting. Registered Apprenticeships are apprenticeship programs that have been... |
train_13870 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 6, 2012, President Barack Obama signed the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21; P.L. 112-141). The act authorized spending on federal highway and public transportation programs, surface transportation safety and research, and some rail programs and activities through September 30, 2014. MA... | [
"Surface transportation authorization acts authorize spending on federal highway and public transportation programs, surface transportation safety and research, and some rail programs. The most recent multi-year authorization for federal surface transportation programs, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Ce... |
train_13871 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses the political succession in Turkmenistan following the death of long-time authoritarian leader Saparamurad Niyazov in December 2006. Implications for Turkmenistan and U.S. interests in Central Asia are examined. This report may be updated. Related products include CRS Report RL33458, Central Asia:... | [
"Turkmenistan has made little or no progress in democratization since gaining its independence in 1991, according to the U.S. State Department. Saparamurad Niyazov ruled Turkmenistan since 1989, first as head of the Soviet Union's Turkmen Communist Party, then as president of independent Turkmenistan. The country's... |
train_13872 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Affordable Care Act (ACA) creates shared responsibilities for both employers and individuals with regard to health insurance coverage. The ACA expands federal private health insurance market requirements and requires the creation of health insurance exchanges to provide individuals and small employers with access t... | [
"T he Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended) expanded insurance coverage in the United States through its \"shared responsibility\" provisions: Employers either provide health coverage or face potential employer tax penalties; likewise, individuals purchase health coverage or fa... |
train_13873 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 19, 1995, President William Jefferson Clinton signed the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) into law (2 U.S.C. §1601, et seq.). In his comments when signing the law, President Clinton identified a central question that continues to be an issue for lobbying laws: how can individual citizens' rights be balanced ag... | [
"On December 19, 1995, the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) became law. Upon signing the LDA into law, President William Jefferson Clinton endorsed lobbying as a basic American right, while also providing context as to why such a law is necessary for a transparent and open government. Lobbying has its rightful place i... |
train_13874 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution mandates that Congress convene at noon on January 3, unless the preceding Congress by law designated a different day. P.L. 113-201 set January 6, 2015, as the convening date of the 114th Congress. The 115th Congress convened on January 3, 2017. Congressional leaders announced the 116th Congress would c... | [
"The Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution directs that a new Congress convene at noon on January 3 in each odd-numbered year, unless the preceding Congress has by law designated a different day for the new Congress's convening. On November 20, 2014, the 113 th Congress completed action on H.J.Res. 129 , setting ... |
train_13875 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As communities face a variety of economic challenges, some are looking to local banks and financial institutions for solutions that address the specific development needs of low-income and distressed communities. Community development financial institutions (CDFIs) provide financial products and services, such as mortg... | [
"Community development financial institutions (CDFIs) have been using small-scale and locally developed strategies to stabilize and advance low-income and financially underserved communities for decades. CDFIs are specialized financial institutions that work in market niches that are underserved by traditional fina... |
train_13876 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME) program provides direct financial support to children's hospitals to train medical residents and fellows. The program is administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and is aut... | [
"T he Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME) program provides direct financial support to children's hospitals—those that treat primarily patients below the age of 18—to train medical residents and fellows. The program is administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) withi... |
train_13877 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal employees who perform specific duties, as defined in statute, are classified as law enforcement officers (LEOs) for the purpose of federal retirement benefits. LEOs and a few legislatively designated groups, including federal firefighters and air traffic controllers, are eligible for enhanced retirement benefit... | [
"Federal law enforcement officers, as defined in statute, and a few related occupations—such as federal firefighters an d air traffic controllers—are eligible for enhanced retirement benefits. Congress decided that these occupations should be composed of young men and women who possess the strength and endurance ne... |
train_13878 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, commonly referred to as the "Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute" (FSLMRS), recognizes the right of most federal employees to engage in collective bargaining with respect to their conditions of employment. In 2016, 27.4% of all federal employees were mem... | [
"T itle VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, commonly referred to as the \"Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute\" (FSLMRS), recognizes the right of most federal employees to engage in collective bargaining with respect to their conditions of employment. Although the FSLMRS does not permit the ... |
train_13879 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bills include funding for more than two dozen independent agencies in addition to the larger entities in the bill (Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, the District of Columbia, and the judiciary). Among these are Consumer... | [
"The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for more than two dozen independent agencies in Title V. These agencies perform a wide range of functions, including the management of federal real property, the regulation of financial institutions and markets, and mail deli... |
train_13880 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal criminal civil rights laws impose criminal penalties for deprivation of certain federal rights, privileges, or immunities. These laws prohibit hate crimes based on race, color, religion, or national origin; the burning of places of worship; violence against health care providers; and the transport of persons (p... | [
"Federal criminal civil rights laws impose criminal penalties for the deprivation of certain federal rights, privileges, or immunities. Most of these laws prohibit violent and intimidating acts motivated by animus based on race, ethnicity, national origin, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, or disabilit... |
train_13881 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Murder is a federal capital offense if committed in any of more than 50 jurisdictional settings. The Constitution defines the circumstances under which the death penalty may be considered a sentencing option. With an eye to those constitutional boundaries, the Federal Death Penalty Act and related statutory provisions ... | [
"Murder, committed under any of more than 50 jurisdictional circumstances, is a federal capital offense. So are treason, espionage, and certain drug kingpin offenses. The Federal Death Penalty Act and related provisions establish the procedure that must be followed before a defendant convicted of a federal capital ... |
train_13882 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In order to enter or remain in the United States and be eligible for various immigration-related benefits, non-citizens (aliens) must comply with a number of document requirements under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Attempts to circumvent these requirements are generally prohibited. Under the INA, an alien... | [
"Reliable documents that accurately indicate the status and identity of the bearer are critical to the effective administration of immigration law. A range of documents, including immigrant and nonimmigrant visas, permits, border crossing cards, and alien registration receipt cards, may enable an alien to enter the... |
train_13883 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Science and technology (S&T) have a pervasive influence over a wide range of issues confronting the nation. Public and private research and development spur scientific and technological advancement. Such advances can drive economic growth, help address national priorities, and improve health and quality of life. The co... | [
"Science and technology play an increasingly important role in our society. Advances in science and technology can help drive economic growth, improve human health, increase agricultural productivity, and help meet national priorities. Federal policies affect scientific and technological advancement on several leve... |
train_13884 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In a historic landslide victory, on August 30, 2009, Japan's largest opposition party, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), ousted the main ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), in elections for control over Japan's Lower House of parliament. The LDP has had almost continuous control of the Japanese governm... | [
"The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) defeated the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in August 30, 2009 elections for the Lower House of parliament. The DPJ won 308 seats, compared to 119 for the LDP in the 480-seat Lower House chamber (see Figure 1 below). The DPJ is now the main ruling party, in coalition with... |
train_13885 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Syria has produced, stored, and weaponized chemical agents, but it remains dependent on foreign suppliers for chemical precursors. The regime of President Bashar al Asad possesses stocks of nerve (sarin, VX) and blister (mustard gas) agents, possibly weaponized into bombs, shells, and missiles. The government also has ... | [
"In a sharp reversal of its policy of denying the existence of a chemical weapons program, the Syrian government agreed to destroy its chemical weapons stocks and joined the treaty banning the possession and use of these weapons, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), on September 12. President Obama had been seeki... |
train_13886 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is the largest foreign direct investor in the world and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment. This dual role means that globalization, or the spread of economic activity by firms across national borders, has become a prominent feature of the U.S. economy and that through direct inve... | [
"For more than half a century, the United States has led international efforts to reduce restrictions on foreign investment. In part, these efforts are related to a general commitment to open markets and to the free flow of international capital as an important component in economic development. At the same time, t... |
train_13887 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | China is now the third largest source of U.S. agricultural and seafood imports. A series of incidents have raised public concerns about the safety of these products. In September 2008, U.S. authorities said they broadened their testing of milk-derived products from China, following reports that melamine-contaminated ba... | [
"Food and agricultural imports have increased significantly in recent years, causing some in Congress to question whether the U.S. food safety system can keep pace. A series of recent incidents have raised safety concerns about many of these foods, medicines, and other products, particularly from China, the third-l... |
train_13888 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A recent Senate hearing, state efforts, and media attention have brought the issue of pharmaceutical companies' gifts and payments to physicians into focus. Pharmaceutical companies sometimes give gifts or make payments to doctors as part of their marketing efforts. Senator Herb Kohl has expressed interest in introduci... | [
"State measures, media attention, and a recent Senate committee hearing have brought attention to the issue of pharmaceutical companies' gifts and payments to physicians. Examples of gifts and payments mentioned in media reports and at the Senate hearing include meals, honoraria for speaking engagements, and travel... |
train_13889 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The purpose of the diversity immigrant visa lottery is, as the name suggests, to encourage legal immigration from countries other than the major sending countries of current immigrants to the United States. Current law weights the allocation of immigrant visas heavily toward aliens with close family in the United State... | [
"The purpose of the diversity immigrant visa lottery is, as the name suggests, to encourage legal immigration from countries other than the major sending countries of current immigrants to the United States. Current law weights the allocation of immigrant visas heavily toward aliens with close family in the United ... |
train_13890 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recovery Audit Contractors, or RACs, are private organizations that contract with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to identify and collect improper payments made in Medicare's fee-for-service (FFS) program. CMS projects improper FFS payments to amount to approximately $10.4 billion or 3.6% of all pa... | [
"Medicare, authorized under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, is the nation's health insurance program for persons aged 65 and older and certain disabled persons. In 2008, Medicare expenditures totaled approximately $468 billion for 45 million beneficiaries. Medicare consists of four distinct parts: Parts A, ... |
train_13891 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the early 1990s, Congress recognized that several federal agencies had ongoing high-performance computing programs, but no central coordinating body existed to ensure long-term coordination and planning. To provide such a framework, Congress passed the High-Performance Computing and Communications Program Act of 199... | [
"The federal government has long played a key role in the country's information technology (IT) research and development (R&D) activities. The government's support of IT R&D began because it had an important interest in creating computers and software that would be capable of addressing the problems and issues the ... |
train_13892 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Legislative authority for international food aid programs in the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) expires in 2007. The 110th Congress has been considering the extension and reauthorization of food aid programs as part of the 2007 farm bill. On December 14, 2007, the Senate passed its version of the 2007 farm bill, which i... | [
"International food aid is the United States' major response to reducing global hunger. In 2006, the United States provided $2.1 billion ( Table 1 ) of such assistance which paid for the delivery and distribution of more than 3 million metric tons of U.S. agricultural commodities. The United States provided food ai... |
train_13893 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a new agreement for combating intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement. The ACTA negotiation concluded in October 2010, nearly three years after it began, and negotiating parties released a final text of the agreement in May 2011. Negotiated by the Unite... | [
"Negotiating parties of the proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) have from May 1, 2011, until May 1, 2013, to sign the agreement. Subsequently, the ACTA would enter into force after the sixth instrument of ratification, acceptance, or approval (\"formal approval\") is deposited by the ACTA participan... |
train_13894 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Rising rates of obesity and the resulting effects on citizens' health and health care costs have prompted federal, state, and local policymakers to consider a number of policy options to reduce obesity levels in the United States, such as exercise promotion, nutrition education, and taxation of certain foods. Labeling ... | [
"As public concern with rising obesity rates has grown, and as individuals consume an increasing proportion of their food outside the home, public health stakeholders have successfully advocated for policies on restaurant menu nutrition labeling at the state and local level. These efforts have resulted in state and... |
train_13895 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title I of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170) was signed into law on December 17, 1999, and created a Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency program, administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). Through the Ticket to Work legislation, Congress sought to address sever... | [
"Title I of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 ( P.L. 106-170 ) established the Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency program (hereinafter referred to as the Ticket to Work or Ticket program), which is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The purpose of this program is... |
train_13896 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the last five years, Congress and the executive branch have closely monitored and responded to new developments in Russian policy. These developments include the following: increasingly authoritarian governance since Vladimir Putin's return to the presidential post in 2012; Russia's 2014 annexation of Ukraine's Cr... | [
"Russia, formally known as the Russian Federation, is the principal successor to the United States' former superpower rival, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, or Soviet Union). In its modern form, Russia came into being in December 1991, after its leaders joined those of neighboring Ukraine and Belarus... |
train_13897 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Countering the financial resources of the Islamic State, which has seized significant territory in Iraq and Syria and threatened to conduct attacks against the United States and its citizens, has become a significant national security priority for policymakers, including Members of Congress. By undermining the financia... | [
"The Islamic State, also known as ISIL or ISIS, has been described by senior U.S. officials as one of the best-funded terrorist organizations. Its wealth has contributed to the group's ability to finance sophisticated military operations across parts of Iraq and Syria. It also seeks to use its revenue to administra... |
train_13898 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background on the emerging conflict over interpretation and implementation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA). For the more than 30 years since they were enacted, there had been little apparent conflict between them. But their relationsh... | [
"It has been noted that \"[t]he potential for overlapping and potentially conflicting regulatory scope between federal statutes is common, especially in the heavily regulated area of environmental protection.\" This potential has received attention in connection with implementation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungi... |
train_13899 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes state-to-state arms sales in the Middle East with a particular focus on U.S. transfers, as authorized and reviewed by Congress. The information in this report, including sales data, is drawn from a number of official and unofficial open sources. Arms sales are an important tool that states can use ... | [
"This report provides an overview of U.S. arms sales to the Middle East. The report includes brief information on U.S. arms sales to the region since the end of the Cold War; data on current arms sales by country, with reference to specific cases, as they relate to regional and global geopolitical developments; and... |
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