id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_14000 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Shale oil and gas (collectively referred to as shale energy), long considered "unconventional" hydrocarbon resources, are now being developed rapidly. Economic extraction of shale energy resources typically relies on the use of hydraulic fracturing. This technique often requires significant amounts of freshwater, and f... | [
"This technology assessment was undertaken by Pennsylvania State University, with contributions from Michael Arthur, Seth Blumsack, Thomas Murphy, David Yoxtheimer, and Ross Pifer. Their work was performed under contract to CRS, and was part of a multiyear CRS project to examine various aspects of U.S. energy polic... |
train_14001 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) undertakes activities to maintain navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. The agency's water resource projects can have significant local and regional economic benefits and environmental effects. Congress directs the Corps through autho... | [
"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is an agency within the Department of Defense with both military and civil works responsibilities. For its civil works mission, Congress directs the agency through authorizations, appropriations, and oversight of the agency's study, construction, and ongoing operations of w... |
train_14002 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Changing technology presents opportunities and challenges for U.S. law enforcement. Some technological advances have arguably opened a treasure trove of information for investigators and analysts; others have presented unique hurdles. While some feel that law enforcement now has more information available to them than ... | [
"R apidly evolving technology presents opportunities and challenges for U.S. law enforcement. Some technological advances have arguably opened a treasure trove of information for investigators and analysts; others have presented unique hurdles. On the one hand, some argue that today's technology age has fostered a ... |
train_14003 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." The Establishment Clause prohibits government actions that would provide preferential treatment of one religion over another or preferential treatment of religion ... | [
"The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion....\" The Establishment Clause prohibits government actions that would provide preferential treatment of one religion over another or preferential treatment of... |
train_14004 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Government advertising can be controversial if it conflicts with citizens' views about the proper role of government. Yet some government advertising is accepted as a normal part of government information activities. It is difficult to calculate the amount of funds spent by the federal government on advertising each ye... | [
"Americans have long been of mixed mind about advertising. On the one hand, advertising is beneficial insofar as it provides information. On the other hand, advertising (be it private or governmental) often attempts to persuade individuals to alter their behaviors. Unease with advertising can be magnified if the ad... |
train_14005 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President's FY2011 budget request, released February 1, 2010, requested authorization of $725.9 billion in new budget authority in the FY2011 National Defense Authorization Act. In addition to $548.9 billion for the regular (non-war) operations of the Department of Defense (DOD), the authorization request included ... | [
"Until FY2011 was more than half over, the Department of Defense (DOD)—like all other federal agencies that depend on appropriated funds—was funded by a series of continuing resolutions which, in general, allowed the agencies to keep spending money at what had been their rate of expenditure during FY2010. These tem... |
train_14006 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes H.R. 1994, 114th Congress, 1st Session, the VA Accountability Act of 2015, as passed by the House on July 29, 2015, and compares its sections to current law where appropriate. Sections 1 through 10 were reported by the Committee on Veterans Affairs. Section 11 was added as a floor amendment. Secti... | [
"The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits and services to veterans. The VA carries out its programs nationwide through three administrations and the Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA). The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is responsible for, among other things, providing compensation,... |
train_14007 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Affordable Care Act (ACA) authorized many new discretionary grant programs and provided each one with an authorization of appropriations—typically through FY2014 or FY2015—to carry them out. The ACA also reauthorized funding for numerous existing programs with expired authorizations of appropriations, most of which... | [
"Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is having a substantial impact on federal mandatory spending. Most of the mandatory spending under the law is for expanding health insurance coverage. This includes premium tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies for individuals and families who purchase private insur... |
train_14008 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the 108th Congress, a number of proposals related to immigration and identification-document security were introduced, some of which were considered in the context of implementing recommendations made by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the 9/11 Commission) and e... | [
"The 109 th Congress has considered several immigration issues carried over from the 108 th Congress, providing the impetus for the REAL ID Act of 2005. During the 108 th Congress, a number of proposals were made to strengthen identification-document security and make more stringent requirements for alien admissibi... |
train_14009 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Thirty-five years of experience implementing and enforcing the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) have demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of the law and led many to propose legislative changes to TSCA's core provisions. Stakeholders appear to agree that TSCA needs to be updated, although there is disagreement a... | [
"In 1976, President Gerald R. Ford signed the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq .; TSCA), giving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate production and use of industrial chemicals not otherwise regulated in U.S. commerce. Thirty-five years of experience with TSCA imple... |
train_14010 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | NOTE: This report was originally written by [author name scrubbed] while he was an Air Force Fellow at the Congressional Research Service. Since his departure, it has been maintained by [author name scrubbed] of CRS. On September 27, 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) awarded The Boeing Company a contract, worth ... | [
"The APT T-X acquisition strategy poses potential oversight issues for Congress. The addition of a new Major Defense Acquisition Program as the Air Force continues to purchase F-35As and KC-46s and develop the new Long Range Strike Bomber, B-21, will affect the USAF budget requests going forward, and the T-X contra... |
train_14011 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Public interest in approaches that might provide prescription drugs at lower cost, particularly for the elderly, has rekindled discussion over the role the federal government plays in facilitating the creation of new pharmaceuticals for the marketplace. In the current debate, some argue that the government's financial,... | [
"Public interest in approaches that might provide prescription drugs at lower cost, particularly for the elderly, has rekindled discussion over the role the federal government plays in facilitating the development and marketing of new pharmaceuticals. In the current debate, some argue that the government's financia... |
train_14012 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title IX, the energy title of the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-240), contains the bioenergy programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA renewable energy programs have incentivized research, development, and adoption of renewable energy projects, including solar, wind, and anaerobic digesters. H... | [
"Agriculture-based renewable energy can take several forms, including biofuels such as corn-based ethanol or soy-based biodiesel, wind-driven turbines located on farmland or in rural areas, anaerobic digesters that convert animal waste into methane and electric power, or biomass harvested for burning as a processin... |
train_14013 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the beginning of the federal government, Presidents have called upon executive branch officials to provide them with advice regarding matters of policy and administration. While Cabinet members were among the first to play such a role, the creation of the Executive Office of the President (EOP) in 1939 and the va... | [
"Since the beginning of the federal government, Presidents have called upon executive branch officials to provide them with advice regarding matters of policy and administration. The Constitution recognized such relationships when it authorized the President, in Article II, Section 2, to \"require the Opinion, in w... |
train_14014 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After a governmental deadlock caused by intra-coalition squabbling, Poland held snap parliamentary elections on October 21, 2007; the vote was seen by many as a referendum on the governing style and policies of the then-ruling Law and Justice party. Under that government, the presidency and prime minister's post were h... | [
"In snap elections on October 21, 2007, Poles turned out the rightist Law and Justice (PiS) party, which had ruled the country for a tumultuous 15 months. Led by identical twins Jaroslaw and Lech Kaczynski, who served as Prime Minister and President, respectively, PiS had held a slight lead in early polls, but an u... |
train_14015 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Gonzales v. Raich , the Supreme Court was presented with a conflict between California's state law, permitting the medicinal use of marijuana, and the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The Ninth Circuit had found the federal law unconstitutional "as applied," concluding that its enforcement against medicinal ... | [
"The dispute in Gonzales v. Raich involved a conflict between California's Compassionate Use Act and the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). In August 2002, after federal agents seized and destroyed the respondent's medicinal marijuana plants, suit was brought in the Northern District of California seeking bot... |
train_14016 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Border and Transportation Security (BTS) is a pivotal function in protecting the Americanpeople from terrorists and their instruments of destruction. This report addresses selected programsand policies now in place that seek to attain higher levels of BTS. It is the second in a three-partseries of CRS reports that make... | [
"Border and Transportation Security (BTS) is a pivotal function in protecting the Americanpeople from terrorists and their instruments of destruction. While BTS may be difficult to attain, thefederal government has put into place multiple programs and policies to achieve this goal. The threereports in this series a... |
train_14017 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A United Nations Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET) was established in October 1999 following the entranceof U.N.-sponsored international peacekeepers into East Timor. These measures came in response toIndonesian-instigatedviolence against East Timorese who had voted overwhelmingly for independence from Indo... | [
"On October 19, 1999, Indonesia's parliament voted to confirm the results of the referendum in East Timor ofAugust 30,1999, which rejected autonomy under Indonesia and favored independence. Following the vote, East Timoresemilitiagroups, backed by the Indonesian military, launched a campaign of violence and destruc... |
train_14018 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | P.L. 110-275, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (MIPPA), is designed to avert a statutory Medicare reduction in payments for physicians and make other changes. MIPPA freezes physician fees at the June 2008 level until January 2009. In January 2009, fees will increase by 1.1%. In 2010, the statuto... | [
"P.L. 110-275 , the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (MIPPA) became law on July 15, 2008, after Congress overrode a Presidential veto on H.R. 6331 . The bill was originally passed by the House on June 24, 2008, under suspension of the rules by a vote of 355 to 59. On July 9, 2008, the Senate pas... |
train_14019 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As overall student loan indebtedness in the United States has increased over the years, many borrowers have found themselves unable to repay their student loans. Ordinarily, declaring bankruptcy is a means by which a debtor may "discharge"—that is, obtain relief from—debts he is unable to repay. However, Congress, base... | [
"The aggregate student loan debt owed by borrowers in the United States has increased markedly over time. According to the U.S. Department of Education (ED), \"[a]verage tuition prices have more than doubled at U.S. colleges and universities over the past three decades, and over this time period a growing proportio... |
train_14020 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), under the Community Development Fund (CDF) account, was first authorized by Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act (HCDA) of 1974, P.L. 93-383. During the program's nearly 40-year e... | [
"The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), was first authorized by Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act (HCDA) of 1974, P.L. 93-383 . Funded through the Community Development Fund (CDF), the program is one of the larg... |
train_14021 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers a number of programs and activities that are primarily designed to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other special housing needs. Most of the funding for HUD's programs and activities comes from discretionary appropria... | [
"The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is responsible for administering a set of programs and activities that are primarily designed to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other special housing needs. These include several programs of rental assistance for persons w... |
train_14022 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress authorized the Department of the Interior (DOI) to undertake a program to provide limited federal financing for water reuse (i.e., planned beneficial use of treated wastewater and impaired surface and groundwaters) in Title XVI of P.L. 102-575—the Reclamation Wastewater and Groundwater Studies Feasibility Act ... | [
"Growing populations and changing values have increased demands on water supplies and river systems, resulting in water use and management conflicts throughout the country. These demands are particularly evident in the West, where population is rapidly increasing and where climate variability and water scarcity mak... |
train_14023 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published revisions to the Clean Air Act (CAA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (particulates, or PM) on October 17, 2006. EPA's actions leading up to and following promulgation of the 2006 standard have been the subject of considerable cong... | [
"Under Sections 108-109 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), Congress mandated that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set national ambient (outdoor) air quality standards (or NAAQS) for pollutants whose emissions (1) \"may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare\"; and (2) \"the presence of wh... |
train_14024 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government has provided aid for roads and highways since the establishment of the United States in 1789. This report comprises a brief history of such aid, detailing some precedent setters and more recent funding through the Highway Trust Fund, which was created in 1956. | [
"From the earliest history of the United States, individuals and groups have been lobbying state legislatures and Congress for funds to construct or maintain roads. These Americans believed that roads would encourage both settlement of the country and the movement of goods. President George Washington was an early ... |
train_14025 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security spousal benefits were established in the 1930s to help support wives who are financially dependent on their husbands. It has since become more common for both spouses in a couple to work, with the result that, in more cases, both members of a couple are entitled to Social Security or other government pe... | [
"In general, Social Security spousal and survivor benefits are paid to the spouses of retired, disabled, or deceased workers covered by Social Security. The spousal benefit equals 50% of a retired or disabled worker's benefit and the survivor benefit equals 100% of a deceased worker's benefit. Spousal benefits, whi... |
train_14026 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the second title of the homeland security appropriations bill—Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigration an... | [
"T his report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the second title of the homeland security appropriations bill—Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigrat... |
train_14027 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the 109th Congress, 51 bills were introduced to change the nation's campaign finance laws (primarily under Titles 2 and 26 of the U.S. Code). These bills—43 in the House and 8 in the Senate—sought to change the current system, including tightening perceived loopholes. Two of those bills passed the House, but no ... | [
"This report discusses legislation and activity in the 109 th Congress aimed at amending the nation's campaign finance laws, primarily under Titles 2 and 26 of the U.S. Code, the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)—the main body of law governing federal campaign finance. The report comprises four major sections an... |
train_14028 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Obama has nominated his Solicitor General, Elena Kagan, to be the next Supreme Court Justice. If confirmed, she would fill the seat being vacated by Justice John Paul Stevens upon his retirement at the end of the 2009/2010 term. Prior to her term as Solicitor General, Ms. Kagan, in her capacity as an academic... | [
"President Obama has nominated his Solicitor General, Elena Kagan, to be the next Supreme Court Justice. If confirmed, she would fill the seat being vacated by Justice John Paul Stevens upon his retirement at the end of the 2009/2010 term. Prior to her term as Solicitor General, Ms. Kagan, in her capacity as an aca... |
train_14029 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Improper Payments Information Act (IPIA) of 2002 defines improper payments as payments that should not have been made or that were made in an incorrect amount, including both overpayments and underpayments. This definition includes payments made to ineligible recipients, duplicate payments, payments for a good or s... | [
"In an effort to reduce and ultimately eliminate billions of dollars in improper payments made by federal agencies each year, Congress passed the Improper Payments Information Act (IPIA) in 2002. IPIA established an initial framework for identifying, measuring, and reporting on improper payments at each agency. Und... |
train_14030 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States Constitution, as amended, is a complex legal document which sets out the structure of the federal government, the legal authorities of that government (and, to a lesser extent, state governments), and, finally, a series of legal disabilities on the exercise of those authorities (such as protections fo... | [
"The United States Constitution, as amended, is a complex legal document which sets out the structure of the federal government, the legal authorities of that government (and, to a lesser extent, state governments), and, finally, a series of legal disabilities on the exercise of those authorities (such as a law tha... |
train_14031 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 2007, at least 19 state legislatures have introduced legislation that would require the creation of state Do Not Mail (DNM) registries. In 2008, 12 states had pending DNM legislation. Although each state's DNM initiative is unique, all attempt to curb the delivery of unsolicited advertising mail—often referred to... | [
"Since 2007, at least 19 state legislatures have introduced bills that would require the creation of state Do Not Mail (DNM) registries. Although each state's bill is unique, all the bills attempt to curb the delivery of unsolicited advertising mail—often referred to as \"junk mail\" or \"direct mail marketing.\" E... |
train_14032 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides descriptions of selected health care-related provisions that are scheduled to expire during the 115th Congress, first session (i.e., during calendar year [CY] 2017). For purposes of this report, expiring provisions are defined as portions of law that are time limited and will lapse once a statutory... | [
"T his report provides descriptions of selected health care-related provisions that are scheduled to expire during the 115 th Congress, first session (i.e., during calendar year [CY] 2017). For purposes of this report, expiring provisions are defined as portions of law that are time limited and will lapse once a st... |
train_14033 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House can readily create an ad hoc (temporary) select committee by approving a simple resolution that contains language establishing the committee—giving a purpose, defining membership, and detailing other aspects. The House may create a study committee, with directions to make recommendations for legislation, or i... | [
"The House can readily create an ad hoc select committee —to consider measures or matters that fall within the jurisdiction of two or more standing committees, to take action on measures or matters that standing committees have not considered, or for another reason. To create such a committee, the House approves a ... |
train_14034 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal grand jury exists to investigate crimes against the United States and to secure the constitutional right of grand jury indictment. Its responsibilities require broad powers. As an arm of the U.S. District Court which summons it, upon whose process it relies, and which will receive any indictments it returns... | [
"\"The grand jury [has] a unique role in our criminal justice system.\" It was born of a desire to identify more criminals for prosecution and thereby to increase the King's revenues. But the exclusive power to accuse is also the power not to accuse and early on the grand jury became both the \"sword and the shield... |
train_14035 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. companies have always been involved in spaceflight as contractors to government agencies. Increasingly, though, space is becoming commercial. A majority of U.S. satellites are now commercially owned, providing commercial services, and launched by commercial launch providers. Congressional and public interest in sp... | [
"U.S. industry has always been involved in spaceflight. Contractors for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) built the spacecraft that took astronauts to the Moon. Contractors build reconnaissance satellites for the Department of Defense (DOD) and weather satellites for the National Oceanic and ... |
train_14036 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is designed to provide Congress with a perspective on the contemporary political system of China, the only Communist Party-led state in the G-20 grouping of major economies. China's Communist Party dominates state and society in China, is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power, and is intole... | [
"This report is designed to provide Congress with a perspective on the contemporary political system of China, the world's second-largest economic power, one of five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and the only Communist Party-led state in the G-20 grouping of major economies. By introduci... |
train_14037 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy, an Obama Administration initiative, was being rescinded. A related memorandum released by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that same day rescinded the 2012 memorandum that established D... | [
"On September 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), an Obama Administration initiative, was being rescinded. A related memorandum released by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that same day rescinded the 2012 memorandum that established the DAC... |
train_14038 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Energy efficiency issues include research and development (R&D) priorities, funding for climate-related efficiency programs, implementation of equipment efficiency standards, regulation of vehicle fuel efficiency, and electricity industry ratemaking for energy efficiency profitability. The Bush Administration has propo... | [
"On June 29, 2006, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported H.R. 5427 , the Energy and Water Appropriations bill for FY2007 ( S.Rept. 109-274 ). This bill includes funding for the DOE Energy Efficiency Program, which is conducted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Compared with H... |
train_14039 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to press reports, the Trump Administration may reestablish the National Space Council, a coordinating body in the Executive Office of the President that was last active in 1993. The National Space Council was established in 1989 "to provide a coordinated process for developing a national space policy and stra... | [
"A ccording to press reports, the Trump Administration may reestablish the National Space Council, a coordinating body in the Executive Office of the President that was last active in 1993. This report summarizes the history and statutory status of the National Space Council, its predecessor the National Aeronautic... |
train_14040 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For the past several decades, U.S. policymakers have debated the most appropriate and effective funding levels for U.S. international family planning programs. In the mid-1980s, controversy arose over U.S. family planning assistance when the Ronald Reagan Administration introduced restrictions that became known as the ... | [
"Throughout the U.S. debate on international family planning assistance—at times the most controversial foreign aid issue considered by Congress—the cornerstone of U.S. policy has remained a commitment to funding international family planning programs based on principles of voluntarism and informed choice that give... |
train_14041 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes the factors that determine the cost of electricity from new power plants. These factors—including construction costs, fuel expense, environmental regulations, and financing costs—can all be affected by government energy, environmental, and economic policies. Government decisions to influence, or no... | [
"The United States may have to build many new power plants to meet growing demand for electric power. For example, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the nation will have to construct 226,000 megawatts of new electric power generating capacity by 2030. This is the equivalent of about 450 lar... |
train_14042 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Protective Service (FPS)—within U.S. Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—is responsible for protecting federal government property, personnel, visitors, and customers, including property leased by the General Services Administration (GSA). FPS currently employs... | [
"The responsibility to protect federal buildings was established in the Federal Works Agency in June 1948. Specifically, Congress authorized the Federal Works Administrator to appoint uniformed guards as special policemen with the responsibility of \"the policing of public buildings and other areas under the jurisd... |
train_14043 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is a chart book of selected immigration trends. Key immigration issues that Congress has considered in recent years include increased border security and immigration enforcement, expanded employment eligibility verification, reforms to the system for legal temporary and permanent immigration, and options to... | [
"This report is a chart book of selected immigration trends. Key immigration issues that Congress has considered i n recent years include increased border security and immigration enforcement, expanded employment eligibility verification, reforms to the system for legal temporary and permanent immigration, and opti... |
train_14044 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Both the House and the Senate are considering legislation to support medical innovation, primarily through reforms to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and changes to the drug, biologic, and device approval pathways at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On February 3, 2015 Senators Lamar Alexander and Patty ... | [
"Both the House and the Senate are considering legislation to support medical innovation, primarily through reforms to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and changes to the drug, biologic and device approval pathways at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Both NIH and FDA are agencies within the Department... |
train_14045 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Terrorist use of chemical agents has been a noted concern, highlighted after the Tokyo Sarin gas attacks of 1995. The events of September 11, 2001, increased Congressional attention towardsreducing the vulnerability of the United States to such attacks. High-threat chemical agents, whichinclude chemical weapons and som... | [
"Since the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, policymakers have been attempting to decreasethe vulnerability of the United States to the terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction. This reportdescribes the different types of high-threat chemical agents. It also discusses their availability,treatment, and detec... |
train_14046 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) issued changes to grazing regulations (43 C.F.R. Part 4100) on August 11, 2006, after a three year review. Some portions of the regulations have been enjoined. The previous major revision of grazing rules, which took effect in 1995, was highly controversial. The 2006 changes addresse... | [
"On August 11, 2006, revised grazing regulations of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) took effect (43 C.F.R. Part 4100). Some of the regulations have been enjoined. The agency also considered related policy changes, but it appears that policy changes are no longer being considered. The previous revision of grazin... |
train_14047 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Russia will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation's (APEC) week-long series of senior-level meetings in Vladivostok on September 2-9, 2012. The main event for the week will be the 20th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting to be held September 8-9, 2012. President Barack Obama will not attend the event; Secretary of Stat... | [
"Russia will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation's (APEC) week-long series of senior-level meetings in Vladivostok on September 2-9, 2012. The main event for the week will be the 20 th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting to be held September 8-9, 2012. For the United States, the main points for these APEC meeting... |
train_14048 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 21, 2010, the number of seats allocated to each state for the House of Representatives was announced. This allocation likely will determine representation to the House for the next five Congresses. The Constitution requires that states be represented in the House of Representatives in accord with their popu... | [
"One of the fundamental issues before the framers at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 was the allocation of representation in Congress between the smaller and larger states. The solution ultimately adopted, known as the Great (or Connecticut) Compromise, resolved the controversy by creating a bicameral Congres... |
train_14049 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response to rising numbers of children in foster care and concerns about the safety of children that remain with or return to their families after placement in foster care, the 105th Congress enacted the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA, P.L. 105-89) with two primary goals: (1) to ensure that considerati... | [
"In the mid-1980s, the number of children in foster care began to climb sharply, while the number of children who were adopted from foster care remained static. Most children who enter foster care eventually return to their families, but concern developed in the 1990s about the growing number of children who did no... |
train_14050 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The terrorist attacks of September 11 prompted a reevaluation of how to balance public access to information with the need for safety and security. The accumulation of confidential business information from owners and operators of the nation's critical infrastructures, 85% of which is reportedly owned by the private se... | [
"The terrorist attacks of September 11 prompted a limiting of public access to government information developed, obtained, or compiled for homeland security purposes. The accumulation of confidential business information from owners and operators of the nation's critical infrastructures, 85% of which is reportedly ... |
train_14051 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Coal has long been the major fossil fuel used to produce electricity. However, coal-fired electric power plants are one of the largest sources of air pollution in the United States, with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning of fossil fuels believed to be the major contributor to global climate change. Regulation... | [
"Coal has long been the major fossil fuel used to produce electricity. However, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists coal-fired electric power plants as one of the largest sources of air pollution in the United States, with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning fossil fuels believed to be the large... |
train_14052 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States, like most of the world, is moving to replace current television technology with a new, technically superior format generally referred to as digital television (DTV). As part of this transition, Congress has acted to move television broadcasters out of radio spectrum currently used for the old, analog... | [
"Broadcasters are currently transmitting analog TV signals using radio frequency channels that will be vacated as they switch to digital broadcast technology. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 ( P.L. 109-171 , Title III) requires broadcasters to end analog broadcasting by February 17, 2009, freeing the spectrumâu... |
train_14053 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background information and identifies issues for Congress regarding Department of Defense (DOD) alternative fuel initiatives, a subject of debate at congressional hearings on DOD's proposed FY2013 budget. The services (the Army, Navy, and Air Force) have spent approximately $48 million to purchase ... | [
"This report provides background information and identifies issues for Congress regarding Department of Defense (DOD) alternative fuel initiatives, an issue of considerable attention during hearings in 2012 on DOD's FY2013 budget. Ongoing alternative fuel efforts of the DOD and the military services include purchas... |
train_14054 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In early 2007, congressional action on business taxes began with a focus on small business, to counter the purported adverse impact of an increase in the federal minimum wage on small business. In May, Congress enacted the Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2007 as part of a larger appropriations bill (P.L. 110-28). Amon... | [
"At the beginning of the 110 th Congress, increases in the federal minimum wage were being considered, and both Congress and the Administration evinced support for a cut in small business taxes as a way to partly offset the purported adverse impact of the minimum wage increase on small firms. In May 2007, Congress ... |
train_14055 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East from FY2006 to FY2010, and of the FY2011 budget request. It includes a brief history of aid to the region, a review of foreign aid levels, a description of selected country programs, and an analysis of current foreign aid issues. It will be update... | [
"This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East. It includes a brief historical review of foreign aid levels, a description of specific country programs, and an analysis of current foreign aid issues. Congress both authorizes and appropriates foreign assistance and conducts oversight on ex... |
train_14056 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Procedural change is a recurrent feature of federal budgeting, although the scope and impact of changes may vary from year to year. In order to advance their budgetary, economic, or political objectives, both Congress and the President regularly propose and make changes to the federal budget process. This report briefl... | [
"Procedural change is a recurrent feature of federal budgeting, although the scope and impact of changes may vary from year to year. To advance their budgetary, economic, or political objectives, both Congress and the President regularly propose and make changes to the federal budget process. This report briefly di... |
train_14057 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides general background on U.S. policy regarding the international trade in small arms and light weapons (SA/LW). It outlines major questions associated with the international trade in these items, and reviews United States efforts to assist in controlling the illicit transfers of these items. This repo... | [
"In recent years attention has been focused by international organizations and non-governmental organizations in various fora on the issue of international small arms and light weapons transfers (SA/LW) to less-developed nations undergoing civil conflicts. Views expressed by these groups have raised the interest of... |
train_14058 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 11, 2007, the People's Republic of China (PRC) conducted its first successful direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons test in destroying one of its own satellites in space. The test raised international concerns about more space debris. Longer-term, the test raised questions about China's capability and ... | [
"On January 11, 2007, at 5:28 pm EST, the PRC conducted its first successful direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons test, launching a ballistic missile armed with a kinetic kill vehicle (not an exploding conventional or nuclear warhead) to destroy the PRC's Fengyun-1C weather satellite at about 530 miles up in... |
train_14059 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President makes appointments to positions within the federal government, either using the authorities granted by law to the President alone, or with the advice and consent of the Senate. There are some 351 full-time leadership positions in the 15 executive departments for which the Senate provides advice and consen... | [
"The President is responsible for appointing individuals to positions throughout the federal government. In some instances, the President makes these appointments using authorities granted by law to the President alone. Other appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate via the nomination and con... |
train_14060 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the original intent and purpose of the Berry Amendment and legislative proposals to amend the application of domestic source restrictions, as well as potential options for Congress. In order to protect the U.S. industrial base during periods of adversity and war, Congress passed domestic source res... | [
"On January 31, 2014, DOD issued a solicitation designed to conduct market research to assess the availability of American-made shoes fully compliant with the Berry Amendment. The solicitation appeared in Federal Business Opportunities, and stated that there is no current contract for shoes, or a guarantee that a c... |
train_14061 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced on July 4, 2007, that Sochi, Russia, had been selected as the host city for the Olympic Winter Games and Paralympics. The Olympic Games, which will be held February 7-23, 2014, are the first to be hosted by Russia as a successor state to the former So... | [
"This report will focus on security and human rights issues. Other issues, such as environmental concerns or those associated with the preparations of the U.S. athletes, are not addressed. In July, 2007 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that Sochi, Russia had been selected as the host city for the... |
train_14062 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The appearance of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or "mad cow disease") in North America in 2003 raised meat safety concerns and disrupted trade for cattle and beef producers. A major issue for Congress has been how to rebuild foreign markets for U.S. beef. Other issues include whether additional measures are nee... | [
"BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or \"mad cow disease\") is a fatal neurological disease of cattle, believed to be transmitted mainly by feeding infected cattle parts back to cattle. More than 187,000 cases have been reported worldwide, 183,000 of them in the United Kingdom (UK) where BSE was first identified... |
train_14063 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under current law, the President may propose to rescind funding provided in anappropriations act by transmitting a special message to Congress. If Congress ignores thepresidential rescission request, or if either house rejects the request, the funds must be released after45 days of continuous session. Instead of allowi... | [
"Under the framework established by the Impoundment Control Act (ICA) of 1974 ( P.L.93-344 , 88 Stat. 297), the President may propose to rescind funding provided in an appropriationsact by transmitting a special message to Congress and obtaining the support of both houses within45 days of continuous session. If den... |
train_14064 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has long sought, through legislation and oversight, to protect the United States against terrorist threats, especially from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) are one type of CBRN weapon. Explosive-driven "dirty bombs" are an often-discussed ty... | [
"Radioactive materials are used worldwide for medical, industrial, research, and other purposes. Yet their security is far from airtight, especially in foreign countries. Terrorists could create a radiological dispersal device (RDD) by obtaining radioactive material and detonating an explosive next to it. An attack... |
train_14065 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution states that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other Public Ministers and Counsels, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all Other Officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise... | [
"Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution states that the President \"shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other Public Ministers and Counsels, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all Other Officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein oth... |
train_14066 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The M-1 Abrams Tank, the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV), and the M-1126 Stryker Combat Vehicle are the centerpieces of the Army's Armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs) and Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCTs). In addition to the military effectiveness of these vehicles, Congress is also concerned with the econom... | [
"The M-1 Abrams Tank, the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV), and the M-1126 Stryker Combat Vehicle are the centerpieces of the Army's Armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs) and Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCTs). ABCTs and SBCTs constitute the Army's \"heavy\" ground forces; they provide varying degrees of arm... |
train_14067 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Internal Revenue Service considers payments received under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) self-employment income even though they are called "annual rental payments," and rental income from real property is generally excluded from self-employment income. Bills have been repeatedly introduced before Congress... | [
"The Conservation Reserve Program began in 1985 as a program designed to remove highly erodible croplands from current crop production. It was established by the Food Security Act of 1985 and has been expanded and extended by subsequent legislation. The program provides for \"annual rental payments\" to land owners... |
train_14068 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. farmers grow more than 350 types of fruit, vegetable, tree nut, flower, nursery, and other horticultural crops in addition to the major bulk commodity crops. Specialty crops, defined in statute as "fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and horticulture and nursery crops (including floriculture)" (P.L. 10... | [
"Specialty crops, defined as \"fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and horticulture and nursery crops (including floriculture),\" comprise a major part of U.S. agriculture. In 2012, the value of farm-level specialty crop production totaled nearly $60 billion, representing about one-fourth of the value o... |
train_14069 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An important aspect of U.S. efforts to maintain and improve economic competitiveness is the existence of a capable scientific and technological workforce. A major concern of the 111th Congress may be regarding the future ability of the U.S. science and engineering base to generate the technological advances needed to m... | [
"An important aspect of U.S. efforts to improve economic competitiveness is the existence of a capable scientific and technological workforce. Concern has been expressed about the future ability of the U.S. science and engineering base to generate the technological advances needed to maintain economic growth. Some ... |
train_14070 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Project BioShield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276) established a 10-year program to acquire civilian medical countermeasures to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents for the Strategic National Stockpile. Provisions of this act were designed to encourage private companies to develop these counterme... | [
"Following the terrorist attacks of 2001, the federal government determined that it would need additional medical countermeasures (e.g., diagnostic tests, drugs, vaccines, and other treatments) to respond to an attack using chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) agents. The enactment of the Project B... |
train_14071 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 9401 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) provides the Secretary of Education with broad waiver authority with respect to programs authorized under the act. The Secretary has used the authority provided under Section 9401 to grant numerous waivers over time, including waivers of accountability a... | [
"Section 9401 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) provides the Secretary of Education (hereinafter referred to as the Secretary) with broad waiver authority with respect to programs authorized under the act. While this waiver authority is limited in some respects, such as its applicability to fisca... |
train_14072 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), Indian tribes are subject to contribution limits applicable to "persons," as defined by the act. For the 2008 election cycle, these limits include $2,300 per election to a candidate, $28,500 per year to a political party's national committee, and $5,000 per year to a poli... | [
"The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) regulates contributions and expenditures for federal election campaigns. The term \"hard money,\" which is not statutorily defined, typically refers to funds raised and spent in accordance with the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of FECA. Unlike soft m... |
train_14073 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Absent a statutory or constitutional recognition of journalistic privilege, a reporter may be compelled to testify in legal, administrative, or other governmental proceedings. To date, 33 states and the District of Columbia have recognized a journalists' privilege through enactment of press "shield" statutes, which pro... | [
"In general, in both federal and state judicial proceedings, every competent person may be compelled to testify. Testimonial privileges are exceptions to this rule; they are generally granted to allow concealment of communications made in confidence between persons holding certain relationships that have been deeme... |
train_14074 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with preventing the entry of terrorists, securing the borders, and carrying out immigration enforcement functions. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of DHS, has primary responsibility for securing the borders of the United States,... | [
"The Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with preventing the entry of terrorists, securing the borders, and carrying out immigration enforcement functions. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of DHS, has primary responsibility for securing the borders of the United St... |
train_14075 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cabo Verde, a small island nation of just over half a million people located off the west coast of Africa, is of strategic significance to the United States because its geographic location has made the country a transshipment point for Latin American cocaine bound for Europe and a key refueling stopover for trans-Atlan... | [
"Cabo Verde is a small island nation that has historical ties to the United States. Contemporary U.S.-Cabo Verdean relations are predicated upon Cabo Verde's status as \"one of Africa's success stories and an important U.S. partner in West Africa,\" and as an African \"model of democratic governance\" with high per... |
train_14076 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate. It also discusses nominations to full-time positions in 38 executive branch organizations (25 independent agencies, six agencies in the Executive Office of the Presi... | [
"This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 108 th Congress, all nominations to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation in 38 organizations in the exe... |
train_14077 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the course of the last year, a host of cyberattacks has been perpetrated on a number of high profile American companies. The high profile cyberattacks of 2014 and early 2015 appear to be indicative of a broader trend: the frequency and ferocity of cyberattacks are increasing, posing grave threats to the national i... | [
"Over the course of the last year, a host of cyberattacks have been perpetrated on a number of high profile American companies. In January 2014, Target announced that hackers, using malware, had digitally impersonated one of the retail giant's contractors, stealing vast amounts of data—including the names, mailing ... |
train_14078 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. government uses federal credit (direct loans and loan guarantees) to allocate financial capital to a range of areas, including home ownership, higher education, small business, agriculture, and energy. At the end of FY2013, outstanding federal credit totaled $3.2 trillion. This report explains the budgetary tr... | [
"The U.S. government uses federal credit (direct loans and loan guarantees) to allocate capital to a range of areas including home ownership, education, small business, farming, energy, infrastructure investment, and exports. A direct loan is \"a disbursement of funds by the government to a nonfederal borrower unde... |
train_14079 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1913, Congress created the Federal Reserve System to serve as the central bank for the United States. The Federal Reserve formulates the nation's monetary policy, supervises and regulates banks, and provides a variety of financial services to depository financial institutions and the federal government. The system c... | [
"The U.S. central banking system was established in 1913 by the Federal Reserve Act (P.L. 63-43). Congress created the Federal Reserve (popularly known as the \"Fed\") as an independent entity to attend to the nation's credit and monetary needs without undue influence from political pressures. Today, the Fed's mone... |
train_14080 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the non-medical sciences and engineering. NSF is a major source of federal support for U.S. university research, especially in certain fields such as computer science. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, tec... | [
"The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the non-medical sciences and engineering. Congress established the foundation through the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 to \"promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure t... |
train_14081 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Three recess appointments to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) expired at the end of the first session of the 110th Congress, leaving the agency with just two commissioners. Because the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) requires that at least four commissioners vote affirmatively to execute some of the agency's ... | [
"Throughout the first session of the 110 th Congress, the Senate considered four nominations to the six-seat FEC. Nominees Robert D. Lenhard (D), Hans A. von Spakovsky (R), and Steven T. Walther (D) served in recess appointments at the agency during that time and until their appointments expired at the end of the f... |
train_14082 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Health care reform is at the top of the domestic policy agenda for the 111th Congress, driven by concerns about the growing ranks of the uninsured and the unsustainable growth in spending on health care and health insurance. But efforts to improve access to care and control rising health care costs also will require ch... | [
"Health care reform is at the top of the domestic policy agenda for the 111 th Congress, driven by concerns about the growing ranks of the uninsured and the unsustainable growth in spending on health care and health insurance. Improving access to care and controlling rising costs will require changes to both the fi... |
train_14083 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report, which replaces a 2004 report on the same subject (CRS Report RL32570, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2004 Update (pdf)), provides updated information on interstate shipment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Since the late 1980s, Congress has considered, but not enacted, numerous bills that wou... | [
"This report provides updated information on interstate shipment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Concerned about increased waste imports, some states have attempted to regulate this commerce, by imposing barriers or requirements specific to waste importation; federal courts, however, have declared such state restri... |
train_14084 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes the need analysis formulas used to calculate the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) for federal student aid applicants. The formulas are codified in Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA), as amended. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is the data collection instrument throug... | [
"Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) authorizes a group of federal student aid programs. Eligibility for many of these aid programs is contingent on student need. Student need is defined as the difference between a school's cost of attendance (COA) and the student's expected family contribution (EFC). A stud... |
train_14085 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) gives most private sector workers the right to join or form a labor union and to bargain collectively over wages, hours, and working conditions. The act allows workers in the construction industry to enter into a collective bargaining agreement before a project begins. A project ... | [
"The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA) gives most private sector workers the right to join or form a labor union and to bargain collectively over wages, hours, and working conditions. The act allows workers in the construction industry to enter into a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) before a project... |
train_14086 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a hazardous fuel shipped in large tankers from overseas to U.S. ports. Because LNG infrastructure is highly visible and easily identified, it can be vulnerable to terrorist attack. Since September 11, 2001, the U.S. LNG industry and federal agencies have put new measures in place to respo... | [
"Liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities are receiving a great deal of public attention due to their increasingly important role in the nation's energy infrastructure and their potential vulnerability to terrorist attack. LNG has long been important to U.S. natural gas markets, although energy economics and public p... |
train_14087 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The FY2008 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies appropriations bill (THUD) provides funding for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and five independent agencies related to these two departments. The Bush Administration requested ... | [
"On December 26, 2007, the President signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ( H.R. 2764 ), into law ( P.L. 110-161 ). This act incorporated 11 of the 12 FY2008 appropriations bills; the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2008, was included as Division K... |
train_14088 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The first text messages were sent during 1992 and 1993, although commercially, text messaging was not widely offered or used until 2000. Even then, messages could only be sent between users subscribed to the same wireless carrier; for example, Sprint customers could only exchange messages with other Sprint customers. I... | [
"The first text messages were sent during 1992 and 1993, although commercially, text messaging was not widely offered or used until 2000. Even then, messages could only be sent between users subscribed to the same wireless carrier; for example, Sprint customers could only exchange messages with other Sprint custome... |
train_14089 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1.4% of surveyed children living in the United States between the ages of 1 and 5 years have an unacceptably high level of lead in their blood (i.e., 10 micrograms or more of lead per deciliter of blood), which may result in learning disabilities,... | [
"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1.4% of surveyed children living in the United States between the ages of 1 and 5 years had an unacceptably high level of lead in their blood (i.e., 10 micrograms or more of lead per deciliter [i.e., one-tenth of a liter] of blood) between 19... |
train_14090 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An event data recorder (EDR) is an electronic sensor installed in a motor vehicle that records certain technical information about a vehicle's operational performance for a few seconds immediately prior to and during a crash. Although over 90% of all new cars and light trucks sold in the United States are equipped with... | [
"The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is proposing to require event data recorders (EDRs)—widely referred to as \"black boxes\"—on all new passenger vehicles sold in the United States. Although over 90% of the new cars and light trucks sold in the United States already come with EDRs intended ... |
train_14091 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | At the April 2-4, 2008 NATO summit in Bucharest, Romania, a principal issue was consideration of the candidacies for membership of Albania, Croatia, and Macedonia. The allies agreed to extend invitations to Albania and Croatia. Although the alliance determined that Macedonia met the qualifications for NATO membership, ... | [
"On April 2-4, 2008, NATO held a summit in Bucharest, Romania. A principal issue was consideration of the candidacies for membership of Albania, Croatia, and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The allies issued invitations to join the alliance to Albania and Croatia. Greece blocked an invitation to ... |
train_14092 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses ongoing congressional interest in the demographic characteristics and professional experiences of those individuals nominated and appointed to fill lower federal court judgeships. It focuses on demographic and other background characteristics of active U.S. circuit and district court judges who ar... | [
"This report provides a profile of select demographic and background characteristics of active judges currently serving on the U.S. courts of appeals and U.S. district courts. Specifically, for active circuit and district court judges serving as of June 1, 2017, this report provides a statistical breakdown of these... |
train_14093 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides U.S. war casualty statistics. It includes data tables containing the number of casualties among American military personnel who served in principal wars and combat operations from 1775 to the present. It also includes data on those wounded in action and information such as race and ethnicity, gende... | [
"This report provides war casualty statistics. It includes data tables containing the number of fatalities and the number of wounded among American military personnel who served in principal wars and combat actions from 1775 to the present. It also includes information such as race and ethnicity, gender, branch of ... |
train_14094 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The GI Bills® provide financial assistance to individuals, whose eligibility is based on their or a family member's experience in the uniformed services, while they are enrolled in approved programs of education, including training programs. In FY2017, the GI Bills are estimated to provide over $14 billion in benefits ... | [
"T he GI Bills® provide financial assistance to individuals, whose eligibility is based on their or a family member's experience in the uniformed services, while enrolled in approved programs of education or training programs. In FY2017, the GI Bills are estimated to provide over $14 billion in benefits to over 1 m... |
train_14095 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), which was approved by Congress in P.L. 112-41 and entered into force on March 15, 2012, follows current U.S. FTA practice in containing two types of formal dispute settlement: (1) State-State, applicable to disputes between the KORUS FTA Parties, and (2) investor-S... | [
"The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), which was approved by Congress in P.L. 112-41 and entered into force on March 15, 2012, follows current U.S. free trade agreement (FTA) practice in containing two types of dispute settlement: (1) State-State, applicable to disputes between the Parties to the K... |
train_14096 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government levies an excise tax on various motor fuels. Under current law, the tax rate is 18.3 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.3 cents per gallon on diesel fuel. A 0.1 cents per gallon tax is also levied on top of these fuel tax rates to help fund expenses associated with fuel regulation. These rates a... | [
"The federal government levies an excise tax on various motor fuels intended for highway use. Under current law, the tax rate is 18.3 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.3 cents per gallon on diesel fuel. A 0.1 cents per gallon tax is also levied on top of these fuel tax rates to help fund expenses associated with ... |
train_14097 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International negotiations and domestic policy developments continue to generate congressional interest in current and projected U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels. In December 2015, delegations from 195 nations, including the United States, adopted an agreement in Paris that creates an international structure f... | [
"The primary greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by human activities is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The majority of CO 2 emitted by human activities is generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. Although fossil fuels have facilitated economic growth in the United States and around the world, CO 2 emissions from fossil ... |
train_14098 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Adaptive management is the process of incorporating new scientific and programmatic information into the implementation of a project or plan to ensure that the goals of the activity are being reached efficiently. It promotes flexible decision-making to modify existing activities or create new activities if new circumst... | [
"Adaptive management is the process of incorporating new scientific and programmatic information into the implementation of a project or plan to ensure that the goals of the activity are being reached efficiently. Adaptive management promotes flexible decision-making to modify existing activities or create new acti... |
train_14099 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recognizing the special burdens that members of the military may encounter in trying to meet their financial obligations while serving their country, Congress passed the Soldiers' and Sailors'Civil Relief Act of 1940 (SSCRA). This law has been amended from time to time, ordinarily inresponse to military operations that... | [
"Sec. 2 (50 U.S.C. app. � 502) . The purpose of the Act is to provide for,strengthen, andexpedite the national defense through protection to servicemembers, to enable them to \"devote theirentire energy to the defense needs of the Nation.\" The SCRA protects servicemembers bytemporarily suspending certain judicia... |
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