id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_15300 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Methamphetamine (meth), a drug with limited medical use and high potential for abuse andaddiction, is a subject of widespread concern. Once associated mainly with the West Coast andwhite, male, blue-collar workers, illicit meth is now used by diverse population groups nationwide,with concentrations in the West, Southwe... | [
"The geographic and societal diffusion of the illicit production of methamphetamine (meth)has spread hazardous manufacturing wastes, and related concerns, into communities nationwide. The need to reduce the potential safety, health, and environmental hazards of these wastes, bycleaning and remediating the sites of ... |
train_15301 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 111th Congress, Members have introduced several proposals to establish a commission that would make potentially far-reaching recommendations on how to address the federal government's long-term fiscal situation. Generally speaking, the measures would include Members of Congress as some or most of a commission's ... | [
"In the 111 th Congress, Members have introduced several proposals to establish a commission that would make potentially far-reaching recommendations on how to address the federal government's long-term fiscal situation. The proposed commissions might as a group be called \"fiscal commissions.\" Generally speaking,... |
train_15302 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In September 2010, media reports emerged about a new form of cyber attack that appeared to target Iran, although the actual target, if any, is unknown. Through the use of thumb drives in computers that were not connected to the Internet, a malicious software program known as Stuxnet infected computer systems that were ... | [
"Since the invention of the first computer-assisted industrial control system (ICS) device over 40 years ago, both the technical and national security communities have voiced concerns about software and hardware vulnerabilities and potential security risks associated with these devices. Such concerns have generally... |
train_15303 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report compares and contrasts the administration of the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill®)—enacted as Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-252)—and Federal Pell Grants, as authorized by Title IV-A-1 of the Higher Education Act (HEA). The Post-9/11 G... | [
"The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill ® )—enacted as Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008 ( P.L. 110-252 ) —provides educational assistance payments to eligible individuals (servicemembers and veterans, and their dependents) from the Department of Veterans Aff... |
train_15304 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Much is written on the topics of current gaps in the education and training of a cybersecurity workforce and the need for technology research and development (R&D) to solve cybersecurity technical issues. This CRS report directs the reader to authoritative sources that address these issues. The annotated descriptions o... | [
"Much is written on the topics of current gaps in the education and training of a cybersecurity workforce and the need for technology research and development (R&D) to solve cybersecurity technical issues. This CRS report directs the reader to authoritative sources that address many of these prominent issues. The a... |
train_15305 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When workers lose their jobs, they can also lose their health insurance. If that health insurance is family coverage, then a worker's family members can also become uninsured. For individuals who do not typically use many health care services, loss of insurance might have little impact. However, for individuals who hav... | [
"One consequence of unemployment is that individuals and their family members can lose their health insurance. Loss of insurance may have little impact on individuals who do not use many health care services. However, for those who have health problems or who are injured, loss of coverage can be serious. Without in... |
train_15306 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There are no federal statutes or Rules of the Senate that directly affect the status of a Senator who has been indicted for a crime that constitutes a felony. No rights or privileges are forfeited under the Constitution, statutory law, nor the Rules of the Senate upon an indictment. Under the Rules of the Senate, there... | [
"This report summarizes the potential consequences, with respect to congressional status, that may result when a sitting Member of the United States Senate is indicted for or is convicted of a felony. If a sitting United States Senator is indicted for a criminal offense that constitutes a felony, the status and ser... |
train_15307 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the last two decades, there has been interest in developing federal policies that focus on student outcomes in elementary and secondary education. Perhaps most prominently, the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB; P.L. 107-110), which amended and reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Educat... | [
"This report addresses frequently asked questions related to the Common Core State Standards and federal involvement with the standards. For a more detailed discussion of these issues, please see CRS Report R43711, Common Core State Standards and Assessments: Background and Issues , by [author name scrubbed] and [a... |
train_15308 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Air emissions from outer continental shelf (OCS) operations are subject to different regulatory programs, depending on the location of the operation. The Department of the Interior (DOI) has jurisdiction over OCS sources in federal waters in the western Gulf of Mexico and most of the central Gulf. In addition, the Cons... | [
"The same group of air pollutant emissions from outer continental shelf (OCS) operations are subject to different regulatory programs, depending on the location of the operation. The Department of the Interior (DOI) has jurisdiction over OCS sources in federal waters in the western Gulf of Mexico and most of the ce... |
train_15309 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tajikistan is a significant country in Central Asia by virtue of its geographic location bordering China and Afghanistan and its ample water and other resources, but it faces ethnic and clan schisms, deep poverty, poor governance, and other severe challenges. Tajikistan was one of the poorest of the new states that gai... | [
"Tajikistan is a significant country in Central Asia by virtue of its geographic location bordering China and Afghanistan and its ample water resources, but it faces ethnic and clan schisms, deep poverty, poor governance, and other severe challenges. Tajikistan was one of the poorest of the new states that gained i... |
train_15310 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank), a wholly owned federal government corporation, is the official export credit agency (ECA) of the U.S. government. Its mission is to assist in financing and facilitating U.S. exports of goods and services to support U.S. employment. Ex-Im Bank operate... | [
"T he Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank) operates under a renewable general statutory charter (Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, as amended), extended through September 30, 2019, by the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015 (Division E of P.L. 114-94 , a surface trans... |
train_15311 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an agency within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), performs multiple functions including the adjudication of immigration and naturalization petitions, consideration of refugee and asylum claims and related humanitarian and international concerns, and a range o... | [
"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an agency within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), performs multiple functions including the adjudication of immigration and naturalization petitions and refugee and asylum claims, as well as other immigration-related services. USCIS currently funds over ... |
train_15312 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Kurdish-inhabited region of northern Iraq has been relatively peaceful and prosperous since the fall of Saddam Hussein. However, the Iraqi Kurds' political autonomy, and territorial and economic demands, have caused friction with Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki and other Arab leaders of Iraq, and with Christian and o... | [
"The Kurds, a mountain-dwelling Indo-European people, comprise the fourth-largest ethnic group in the Middle East, but they have never obtained statehood. The World War I peace settlement and subsequent Treaty of Sevres (1920) raised hopes of Kurdish independence, but under a subsequent treaty (Treaty of Lausanne, ... |
train_15313 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Significant changes were made by Congress to the current lobbying laws, and to internal House and Senate rules on ethics and procedures, by the passage of S. 1 , 110 th Congress ( P.L. 110-81 , 121 Stat. 735, September 14, 2007) and the adoption of H.Res. 6 , 110 th Congress. In the face of mounting public and congress... | [
"Congress has adopted several significant changes in the federal law concerning the disclosure of lobbying activities by professional lobbyists, and in internal congressional rules with respect to the acceptance of gifts and travel by Members of Congress and staff from certain outside private interests, such as lob... |
train_15314 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | It has been proposed that there be a domain on the Internet exclusively for websites that contain sexually explicit material; it might be labeled ".xxx" to complement the current ".com," ".org," and others. Some propose making use of a ".xxx" domain voluntary, and a June 26, 2008, decision by the Internet Corporation f... | [
"It has been proposed that there be a domain on the Internet exclusively for Websites that contain sexually explicit material; it might be labeled \".xxx\" to complement the current \".com,\" \".org,\" and others. Some propose making use of a \".xxx\" domain voluntary, but others propose that Congress make it manda... |
train_15315 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Internet is used by international insurgents, jihadists, and terrorist organizations as a tool for radicalization and recruitment, a method of propaganda distribution, a means of communication, and ground for training. Although there are no known reported incidents of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure as acts... | [
"This report describes the ways that international terrorists and insurgents use the Internet, strategically and tactically, in pursuit of their political agendas. This discussion covers terrorist information operations in cyberspace but does not discuss similar activities in other domains. The government response ... |
train_15316 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA 2018, P.L. 115-123), enacted February 9, 2018, amended the statutory discretionary spending limits for FY2018 and FY2019. BBA 2018 comprised several other components as well, one of which was related to a congressional budget resolution for FY2019. These BBA 2018 "budget resolutio... | [
"The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (hereinafter referred to as the Budget Act) establishes a requirement for Congress to adopt a budget resolution each year. The budget resolution represents an agreement between the House and Senate on a budgetary plan for the upcoming fiscal year (and several out years). The bu... |
train_15317 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After the attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush authorized the National Security Agency to conduct a Terrorist Surveillance Program (TSP) to "intercept international communications into and out of the United States" by "persons linked to al Qaeda or related terrorist organizations." After the TSP acti... | [
"B eginning in late 2005, the New York Times reported that the federal government had \"monitored the international telephone calls and international e-mail messages of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people in the United States without warrants.\" Subsequently, President George W. Bush acknowledged that, after the... |
train_15318 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) is a federal food distribution program that supports food banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and other emergency feeding organizations serving low-income Americans. Federal assistance takes the form of federally purchased commodities—including fruits, vegetables, meats, a... | [
"The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP; previously the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program) provides federally purchased commodities and a smaller amount of cash support to food banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, shelters, and other types of emergency feeding organizations serving low-income househ... |
train_15319 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The "oil-for-food" program (OFFP) was the centerpiece of a long-standing U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while maintaining key elements of the 1991 Gulf war-related sanctions regime. In order to ensure that Iraq remained contained and that only humanitarian needs were served by the pro... | [
"The establishment of the United Nations \"oil-for-food\" program (OFFP) reflected a longstanding U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while pressing Iraq to comply with all relevant U.N. Security Council resolutions. The program was a temporary and limited exception to the internationa... |
train_15320 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), as amended, greatly expanded the scope of federal regulation over health insurance provided through employment-based group health plans, as well as coverage sold in the individual insurance market. Federal health insurance standards created by ACA require an extensi... | [
"According to a U.S. Census Bureau report, in 2012, approximately 64% of individuals in the United States were covered by a form of private health insurance provided either through an employer or a union, or purchased by an individual from a private company. While states traditionally have been the principal regula... |
train_15321 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to earlier precedent of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, a suit filed by a patent licensee in good standing, seeking to declare the underlying patent invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, is non-justiciable under the Declaratory Judgment Act because there is no actual controversy between... | [
"In MedImmune v. Genentech , the U.S. Supreme Court held that, at least in instances where the licensor-patentee has implicitly or explicitly threatened to sue for patent infringement if the licensee did not pay the demanded royalties, a patent licensee need not terminate or breach its license agreement before it m... |
train_15322 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicare is a federal insurance program that pays for covered health services for most persons 65 years of age and older and for most permanently disabled individuals under the age of 65. Part A of the program, the Hospital Insurance program, covers hospital, post-hospital, and hospice services. Part B, the Supplementa... | [
"Medicare is a federal insurance program that pays for covered health services for most persons 65 years of age and older and for most permanently disabled individuals under the age of 65. Part A of the program, the Hospital Insurance program, covers hospital services, up to 100 days of post-hospital skilled nursin... |
train_15323 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Anti-poverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, dubbed the "10-20-30 rule," was implemented in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5). Title I, Section 105 of ARR... | [
"Anti-poverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, dubbed the \"10-20-30 rule,\" was implemented in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5 ). Title I, Section 10... |
train_15324 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The scientific, economic, and political questions surrounding climate change have long been with us. This report focuses instead on a relative newcomer: the legal debate. Though the first court decision related to climate change appeared 19 years ago, such litigation has proliferated in just the past six. Representativ... | [
"The scientific, economic, and political questions surrounding climate change have long been with us. This report focuses instead on a relative newcomer: the legal debate. Though the first court decision related to climate change appeared 19 years ago, the quantity of such litigation has mushroomed in recent years.... |
train_15325 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The appointment process for advice and consent positions consists of three main stages. The first stage is selection, clearance, and nomination by the President. This step includes preliminary vetting, background checks, and ethics checks of potential nominees. At this stage, the president may also consult with Senator... | [
"This report explains the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 110 th Congress, all nominations to executive-level full-time positions in the 15 departments. Profiles of the departments provide ... |
train_15326 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The nature of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions) makes their control difficult to integrate with the U.S economy and traditional U.S. energy policy. Despite the obvious interrelationship between energy policy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the United States has struggled t... | [
"The nature of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions) makes their control difficult to integrate with the U.S economy and traditional U.S. energy policy. There is a strong linkage between industrialization and GHG emissions, particularly between energy consumption and GHG emi... |
train_15327 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 115th Congress and the Trump Administration are reviewing existing U.S. policies and programs in sub-Saharan Africa (henceforth, "Africa") as they establish their budgetary and policy priorities toward the region while also responding to emerging crises. Africa-specific policy questions did not feature prominently ... | [
"The 115 th Congress and the Trump Administration are reviewing existing U.S. policies and programs in sub-Saharan Africa (henceforth, \"Africa\") as they establish their budgetary and policy priorities toward the region while also responding to emerging crises. Key issues for Congress include the authorization and... |
train_15328 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses the FY2016 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and provides an overview of the Administration's FY2016 request. The report makes note of many budgetary resources provided to DHS, but its primary focus is on funding approved by Congress through the appropriations process. I... | [
"This report describes and analyzes annual appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It compares the enacted FY2015 appropriations for DHS, the Administration's FY2016 budget request, the appropriations proposed by Congress in response, and those enacted thus far. This report identifi... |
train_15329 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Negotiated by the Reagan Administration nearly 30 years ago, the current U.S. peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement with the People's Republic of China (PRC) is set to expire on December 30, 2015. President Obama submitted a new 30-year U.S.-China nuclear cooperation agreement for congressional review on April 21, 201... | [
"This CRS Report discusses renewal of the peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The current agreement was signed in 1985 and implemented in 1998. The agreement is set to expire on December 30, 2015, and a new agreement was submitted for congressio... |
train_15330 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional proposals to install English as the official language of the United States reflect yet another aspect of the complicated ongoing national debate over immigration policy. The modern "Official English" movement may be traced to the mid-1980s, when various proposals to achieve linguistic uniformity by consti... | [
"The steady growth within U.S. borders of new immigrant populations, whose primary language is other than English, has created a public policy divide on issues of language diversity. On one side, opposition to expanded foreign language use has led at least 30 states to enact statutes or amend state constitutions to... |
train_15331 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report summarizes findings from a congressional staff trip to Taiwan (Republicof China), December 10-17,2000, with supplemental material from other sources. The staff delegation met with Taiwan government andmilitary officials, political party representatives,leading private citizens, and United States officials a... | [
"RS20798 -- Taiwan: Findings of a Congressional Staff Research Trip, December 2000 January 31, 2001 Background. Elected in March 2000 with 39% of the popular vote, (1) Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian hassince faced an uncooperative legislature and has endeavored to establish a firm grip on his government. Chen'sDem... |
train_15332 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States Army and Marine Corps have been at war—first in Afghanistan and then Iraq—since November 2001. The Army's and Marine Corps' equipment has been employed in what has been described as "the harsh operating environments of Iraq and Afghanistan" where the heat, sand, and dust as well as operational rates "... | [
"The United States Army and Marine Corps have been at war—first in Afghanistan and, then Iraq—since November 2001. In a similar manner, the Marine Corps has deployed its forces and equipment in what has been described as \"the harsh operating environments of Iraq and Afghanistan\" where the heat, sand, and dust as ... |
train_15333 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The mission of the National Weather Service (NWS) is to provide weather forecasts and warnings for the protection of life and property. Apart from the budget for procuring weather satellites, NWS received the most funding (about $1.1 billion) of any office or program within the FY2016 budget for the National Oceanic an... | [
"The National Weather Service (NWS), at the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce, has statutory authority for weather forecasting and for issuing storm warnings (15 U.S.C. §313). The NWS provides weather, water, and climate forecasts and warnings for the United States, its territories, adjacent waters, and ocean... |
train_15334 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December 2001, Argentina suffered a severe financial crisis, leading to the largest sovereign debt default in history, until Greece. In 2005, after prolonged, contentious, and unsuccessful attempts to restructure the debt, Argentina abandoned the negotiation process and made a unilateral offer. The terms were highly... | [
"In December 2001, Argentina suffered a severe financial crisis, leading to the largest sovereign debt default in history, except for Greece. In 2005, Argentina abandoned negotiations to restructure the debt and made a unilateral offer on terms highly unfavorable to creditors. Still, $62.3 billion of the $81.8 bill... |
train_15335 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "government of national unity" was formed in Guinea on January 15, 2010, a year after a military junta, the National Council for Democracy and Development (CNDD), took power in a coup d'état. While the CNDD has not been dissolved, it has agreed to share power with civilian opposition groups in the lead-up to presiden... | [
"On December 23, 2008, a military junta calling itself the National Council for Democracy and Development (CNDD) seized power in Guinea following the death of longtime President Lansana Conté. A previously little-known army officer, Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, was named president. The CNDD dissolved the constituti... |
train_15336 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Prior to the 2011 National Football League (NFL) lockout, developments in professional football's labor-management relations had prompted questions regarding how, when, and in what manner a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) might be drafted. Interest in this matter included, on the part of some observers, quest... | [
"Initially, this report was written in anticipation of a possible strike by National Football League (NFL) players, or a possible lockout by the NFL, in 2011. At that time, developments in professional football's labor-management relations had prompted questions regarding how, when, and in what manner a new collect... |
train_15337 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 (P.L. 104-182) directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to update the standard for arsenic in drinking water. In 2001, EPA issued a new arsenic rule that set the legal limit for arsenic in tap water at 10 parts per billion (ppb), replacing a 50 ppb standard set i... | [
"Sources of arsenic in water include natural sources, particularly rocks and soils, and also releases from its use as a wood preservative, in semi-conductors and paints, and from mining and agricultural operations. Elevated levels of arsenic are found more frequently in ground water than in surface water. Because s... |
train_15338 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Davis-Bacon Act is one of several statutes that deals with federal governmentprocurement. (See also the Walsh-Healey Act of 1936 and the McNamara-O'Hara Service ContractAct of 1965.) Enacted in 1931, Davis-Bacon requires, inter alia , that not less than the locallyprevailing wage be paid to workers engaged in feder... | [
"The Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, as amended, requires, inter alia , that construction contractsentered into by the federal government specify minimum wages to be paid to the various classes oflaborers employed under those contracts. (2) Minimum wages are defined as those determined by the Secretaryof Labor (a) to be p... |
train_15339 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively combating religious militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; efforts to stabilize neighboring Afghanistan; nuclear weapons proliferation; the Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; de... | [
"A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Current top-tier U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; stability in neighboring Afghanistan; domestic political stability and democratization; nuclear we... |
train_15340 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A foundation of the broad tax revisions implemented 24 years ago by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 was tax "neutrality"—the idea that economic efficiency and economic welfare are promoted if the distorting impact of taxes on business and other economic decisions is minimized. Based on this principle, the 1986 act broadened... | [
"Twenty-four years ago, the broad tax revisions implemented by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 ( P.L. 99-514 ) were based on tax \"neutrality\"—the idea that economic efficiency and economic welfare are promoted if the distorting impact of taxes on business and other economic decisions is minimized. To this end, the 198... |
train_15341 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Al-Jazeera, the Arab world's first all-news network was started by the Persian Gulf monarchy of Qatar. It has come to be recognized as a key player in covering issues of central importance toU.S. foreign policy in the Middle East: the conflict in Iraq, the war on terrorism, and theIsraeli-Palestinian conflict. Al-Jazee... | [
"Al-Jazeera (which means \"the peninsula,\" or \"the island\") was founded in 1996 in Qatar after the new Emir of Qatar, Shaykh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, purchased the rights to the Arabic TVdivision of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News Service. The BBC had been trying todevelop an all-Arabic televi... |
train_15342 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 4, 2016, Ministers of the 12 countries participating in the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations signed the proposed free trade agreement (FTA). TPP is one of the Obama Administration's signature trade policy initiatives, an effort to reduce and eliminate trade and investment barriers and establish ... | [
"The Obama Administration has pursued the proposed 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations as the primary economic component of its \"strategic rebalance\" of U.S. foreign policy priorities to the Asia-Pacific region. The 12 participating countries announced the conclusion ... |
train_15343 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. importers often request that Members of Congress introduce bills seeking to temporarily suspend or reduce tariffs on certain imports. The rationale for these requests is that they cut costs for U.S manufacturers, thus enabling them to hire more workers, invest in research and development, and reduce costs for cons... | [
"U.S. importers, usually manufacturers or representatives of industry associations, will sometimes ask Members to introduce legislation seeking to reduce, repeal, or temporarily suspend duties on certain imports. Since the early 1980s, the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committees, the primary committees o... |
train_15344 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has bolstered its diplomatic presence and garnered international goodwill in the developing world through financing infrastructure and natural resource development projects, assisting in the execution of such projects, and backing PRC state enterprises in many devel... | [
"This report examines China's \"economic assistance\"—a term that encompasses a mix of development aid, loans, technical assistance, and state-sponsored investments—in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. In recent years, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has bolstered its diplomatic presence and economic ... |
train_15345 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Zacarias Moussaoui, members of the Colombian drug cartels, members of organized crime, and some of the former Enron executives have at least one thing in common: they all have federal conspiracy convictions. The essence of conspiracy is an agreement of two or more persons to engage in some form of prohibited conduct. T... | [
"Terrorists, drug traffickers, mafia members, and corrupt corporate executives have one thing in common: most are conspirators subject to federal prosecution. Federal conspiracy laws rest on the belief that criminal schemes are equally or more reprehensible than are the substantive offenses to which they are devote... |
train_15346 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the level of influenza pandemic alert to phase 6, which indicates the start of an actual pandemic. This change reflects the spread of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus, not its severity. Although cu... | [
"On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the level of influenza pandemic alert to phase 6, which indicates the start of an actual pandemic. This change reflects the spread of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus, not its severity. Althou... |
train_15347 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many U.S. officials and Members of Congress view the United Kingdom (UK) as the United States' closest and most reliable ally. This perception stems from a combination of factors, including a sense of shared history, values, and culture; a large and mutually beneficial economic relationship; and extensive cooperation o... | [
"The modern relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom (UK) was forged during the Second World War. It was cemented during the Cold War, as both countries worked together bilaterally and within NATO to counter the threat of the Soviet Union. The United States and the UK are two of the five perman... |
train_15348 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program was signed into law in 1975 (P.L. 93-647) as a federal-state program to enhance the well-being of families by making child support a reliable source of income. The CSE program is based on the premise that both parents are financially responsible for their children. The CSE pr... | [
"Child support is the cash payment that noncustodial parents are obligated to pay for the financial support of their children. Child support payments enable parents who do not live with their children to fulfill their financial responsibility to their children by contributing to the payment of childrearing costs. T... |
train_15349 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Comprehensive American Energy Security and Consumer Protection Act, H.R. 6899, was introduced on September 15, 2008, and approved by the House on September 16, 2008. This plan allows oil and gas drilling in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), and it incorporates most of the energy tax provisions from an energy tax b... | [
"The idea of using the tax code to achieve energy policy goals and other national objectives is not new but, historically, U.S. federal energy tax policy promoted the exploration and development—the supply of—oil and gas. The 1970s witnessed (1) a significant cutback in the oil and gas industry's tax preferences, (... |
train_15350 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), as authorized by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (P.L. 108-173, MMA) of 2003, are tax-preferred savings accounts used to pay for unreimbursed qualified medical expenses such as health insurance deductibles, copayments, and services not covered by insura... | [
"Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), as authorized by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act ( P.L. 108-173 , MMA) of 2003, are tax-preferred savings accounts used to pay for unreimbursed qualified medical expenses such as health insurance deductibles, copayments, and services not covered by... |
train_15351 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Ghana: Bilateral Cooperation and Leadership Engagement Ghana is considered a model for many of the outcomes that many Members of Congress have long sought to achieve in sub-Saharan Africa in the areas of authorizations; appropriations and program guidance; and oversight. Ghana has received a large U.S. Millennium Chall... | [
"U.S.-Ghanaian relations are warm, as signaled by President Barack Obama's travel in 2009 to Ghana, where he laid out his views on democratization and governance in Africa in his single major Africa-focused policy address. Ghana is the only sub-Saharan African country to which Mr. Obama has thus far traveled while ... |
train_15352 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Amtrak was created by Congress in 1970 to provide intercity passenger railroad service. It operates approximately 44 routes over 22,000 miles of track, 97% of which is owned by freight rail companies. It runs a deficit each year, and requires federal assistance to cover operating losses and capital investment. Without ... | [
"On January 28, 2010, President Obama announced the first round of grants from the $8 billion for intercity passenger rail and high speed rail. Among the awards was $112 million for improvements to the Northeast Corridor. Other grants will fund projects that include improvements to Amtrak stations and routes that a... |
train_15353 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tanzania is an East African country comprising a union of Tanganyika, the mainland territory, and the semiautonomous Zanzibar archipelago. The United States has long considered Tanzania a partner in economic development and, increasingly, in regional security efforts. With nearly 54 million people, Tanzania is one of t... | [
"The United Republic of Tanzania is an East African country of nearly 54 million people that is about twice as large as California. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates it to have been the 31 st -poorest country globally in 2016 when ranked by per capita gross domestic product (GDP), which stood at $970 ... |
train_15354 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) requires covered employers to allow eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of leave during any 12-month period to care for a newborn, adopted, or foster child; to care for a family member with a serious health condition; or because of the employee's own serious health conditio... | [
"The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA, P.L. 103-3 ) requires covered employers to provide job-protected leave to eligible employees. The act allows employees to take up to 12 weeks of leave during any 12-month period to care for a newborn, adopted, or foster child; to care for a family member with a serious healt... |
train_15355 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The deadly attacks on Afghan civilians allegedly by a U.S. servicemember have raised questions regarding the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) in place between the United States and Afghanistan that would govern whether Afghan law would apply in this circumstance. SOFAs are multilateral or bilateral agreements that gen... | [
"The United States has been party to multilateral and bilateral agreements addressing the status of U.S. Armed Forces while present in a foreign country. These agreements, commonly referred to as Status of Forces Agreements (SOFAs), generally establish the framework under which U.S. military personnel operate in a ... |
train_15356 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report tracks FY2006 appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This legislation provides discretionary funds for three major federal departments and 14 related agencies. The report, which will be updated, summarizes L-HHS-ED discretionar... | [
"On December 30, 2005, following a series of three continuing resolutions, H.R. 3010 ( H.Rept. 109 - 337 ) , the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) Appropriations Act, 2006, was signed into law, as P.L. 109 - 149 . Prior to a 1% rescission for most discre... |
train_15357 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December 2006, the 109th Congress passed the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act of 2006 (HOPE I), which included special trade rules that give preferential access to U.S. imports of Haitian apparel. These rules were intended to promote investment in the apparel industry as one elem... | [
"Haiti's economic, political, and social development has been on a slow track since the transition from dictatorship to democracy began in the mid-1980s. The devastating earthquake of January 12, 2010, was a major setback to what little progress had already been made. Haiti struggled with providing basic needs even... |
train_15358 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act impose requirements regarding drinking water quality and wastewater treatment in rural as well as urban areas of the United States. Approximately 19% of the U.S. population lives in areas defined by the Census Bureau as rural. Many rural communities need to complete w... | [
"The public health and environmental requirements of two federal laws are primarily driving projects in rural, as well as non-rural, areas for drinking water and wastewater treatment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers both laws. For the quality of drinking water supply , requirements of the Safe... |
train_15359 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Geographic proximity has ensured strong linkages between the United States and the Latin American and Caribbean region, with diverse U.S. interests, including economic, political, and security concerns. U.S. policy toward the region under the Obama Administration has focused on four priorities: promoting economic and s... | [
"U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere are diverse, and include economic, political, security, and humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured strong economic linkages between the United States and the region, with the United States being the major trading partner and largest source of foreign invest... |
train_15360 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Bitcoin first appeared in January 2009, the creation of a computer programmer using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. His invention is an open-source (its controlling computer code is open to public view), peer-to-peer (transactions do not require a third-party intermediary such as PayPal or Visa) digital currency (being... | [
"T he digital currency called Bitcoin has been in existence since 2009 and for most of that time it remained little more than a technological curiosity of interest to a small segment of the population. However, over the last year and a half, Bitcoin use has grown substantially; attention by the press has surged, an... |
train_15361 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 14, 2007, the Senate passed its version of the 2007 farm bill. The House of Representatives passed its version of the 2007 farm bill (H.R. 2419) on July 27, 2007. Both bills, which would establish U.S. farm policy for 2008 through 2012, contain a trade title (Title III) that authorizes and amends U.S. Depar... | [
"The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) forecasts that U.S. agricultural exports for FY2008 will reach a record high of $91 billion, and forecasts that imports will reach $75.5 billion, also a record ( Figure 1 ). If these forecasts hold, the U.S. agricultural trade balance in FY2008 would be $15.5 billion. Since FY1... |
train_15362 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 21st century has seen the operation of elementary, secondary, and postsecondary educational institutions and the education of the students they enroll disrupted by natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods, and by national emergencies, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This report is inten... | [
"Since 2001, hundreds of thousands of elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education students have been adversely affected by natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods, and by national emergencies, such as the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. To assist Congress in responding to catastrophic events,... |
train_15363 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent high-profile military-related cases involving sexual assaults by U.S. servicemembers have resulted in increased public and congressional interest in military discipline and the military justice system. Questions have been raised regarding how allegations of sexual assault are addressed by the chain of command, t... | [
"Recent high-profile military-related cases involving sexual assaults by U.S. servicemembers have resulted in increased public and congressional interest in military discipline and the military justice system. Questions have been raised regarding how allegations of sexual assault are addressed by the chain of comma... |
train_15364 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under a law enacted in 1990 (P.L. 101-510) and amended in 2000 (P.L. 106-398) and 2003 (P.L. 108-123 and P.L. 108-136), federal agencies may repay portions of the student loans of highly qualified General Schedule (GS) and non-GS (including Foreign Service) employees they seek to recruit and retain. Eligible employees ... | [
"Congress has authorized student loan repayments for highly qualified General Schedule (GS) and non-GS (including Foreign Service) employees in the executive branch. Repayments also are authorized for employees in the House of Representatives, the Senate, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Government Accoun... |
train_15365 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA; P.L. 103-3, as amended) entitles eligible employees to unpaid, job-protected leave for certain family and medical reasons, with continued group health plan coverage. FMLA requires that covered employers grant up to 12 workweeks in a 12-month period to eligible employees f... | [
"The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA; P.L. 103-3 , as amended) entitles eligible employees to unpaid, job-protected leave for certain family and medical needs, with continuation of group health plan benefits. Through the act, Congress sought to strike a balance between workplace responsibilities and work... |
train_15366 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concerns are growing that the visa category that allows executives and managers ofmultinational corporations to work temporarily in the United States is being misused. This visacategory, commonly referred to as the L visa, permits multinational firms to transfer top-levelpersonnel to their locations in the United State... | [
"Foreign nationals may be admitted to the United States temporarily or may come to livepermanently. Those admitted on a permanent basis are known as immigrants or legal permanentresidents (LPRs), while those admitted on a temporary basis are known as nonimmigrants. (1) Nonimmigrants include awide range of people, s... |
train_15367 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The emphasis of counterterrorism policy in the United States since Al Qaeda's attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) has been on jihadist terrorism. However, in the last decade, domestic terrorists—people who commit crimes within the homeland and draw inspiration from U.S.-based extremist ideologies and movements—have ki... | [
"Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11), domestic terrorists— people who commit crimes within the homeland and draw inspiration from U.S.-based extremist ideologies and movements —have not received as much attention from federal law enforcement as their foreign counterparts inspired by Al Qaeda. T... |
train_15368 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. policy towards Burma has undergone a discernible shift in its approach since a quasi-civilian government was established in March 2011. While the overall objectives of U.S. policy towards the country remain in place—the establishment of civilian democratic government based on the rule of law and the protection of ... | [
"During the preceding two decades, Congress played an active and at times leading role in setting U.S. policy towards Burma. Since Burma's ruling military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), transferred power to a quasi-civilian government in March 2011, Congress has been largely deferential to t... |
train_15369 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Increasing U.S. energy supply diversity has been the goal of many Presidents and Congresses. This commitment has been prompted by concerns about national security, the environment, and the U.S. balance of payments. Investments in new energy sources also have been seen as a way to expand domestic manufacturing. For all ... | [
"This report discusses the U.S. wind turbine manufacturing industry, its supply chain, employment and international trade trends, major federal policy efforts aimed at supporting the industry, and issues affecting its future. The wind industry's national trade group, the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), rep... |
train_15370 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress continues to debate the federal role in biofuel research, biofuel tax incentives, and renewable fuel mandates. The debate touches on topics such as fuel imports and security, job creation, and environmental benefits, and is particularly significant for advanced biofuels, such as those produced by algae. Congre... | [
"Congress is currently questioning whether existing policies are leading to the expanded use of domestic advanced biofuels—including algae-based biofuels (ABB), among other options. In the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA, P.L. 110-140 ), Congress expanded the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) by man... |
train_15371 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of the U.S. Postal Service's (USPS's) financial condition, legislation enacted to alleviate the USPS's financial challenges, and possible issues for the 112th Congress. Since 1971, the USPS has been a self-supporting government agency that covers its operating costs with revenues genera... | [
"Since 1971, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has been a self-supporting, wholly governmental entity. Prior to that time, the federal government provided postal services via the U.S. Post Office Department (USPOD), a government agency that received annual appropriations from Congress. Members of Congress were involve... |
train_15372 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the summer of 2010, several employees and individuals with power-of-attorney signing authority for major servicers, including GMAC Mortgage, J.P. Morgan Chase, and Wells Fargo, were deposed as part of foreclosure contests. These depositions raised concerns about what has been characterized as "robo-signing"—the ... | [
"On September 20, 2010, GMAC Mortgage, a mortgage servicer affiliate of Ally Bank (formerly GMAC Bank) formally announced \"a potential issue that was raised in a number of existing foreclosures challenging the internal procedure we used for executing one or more judicially required forms.\" As a result, \"[t]he co... |
train_15373 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Controversy has arisen over the existence of so-called "sanctuary cities." The term "sanctuary city" is not defined by federal law, but it is often used to refer to those localities which, as a result of a state or local act, ordinance, policy, or fiscal constraints, place limits on their assistance to federal immigrat... | [
"Over the past several years, the number of aliens who unlawfully reside in the United States has grown significantly, from an estimated 3.2 million in 1986 to more than 11 million in 2005. Although the federal government is responsible for regulating the entry and removal of aliens from the United States, the impa... |
train_15374 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Half the nation's electricity comes from coal, and most of that coal is delivered to power plants by railroads. The reliable supply of coal by rail is therefore important to the electric power system. Concern over reliable deliveries of coal and other commodities, limited rail system capacity, and related issues such a... | [
"Half the nation's electricity comes from coal, and most of that coal is delivered to power plants by railroads. The reliable supply of coal by rail is therefore important to the electric power system. Concern over reliable deliveries of coal and other commodities, limited rail system capacity, and related issues s... |
train_15375 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There is widespread belief that the likelihood of terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons (CBW) is increasing, in part as a result of publicized new evidence of terrorist interest andcapabilities, as well as the political fall-out from the war in Iraq. This is a serious present concernthat deserves examination... | [
"Current popular attention being paid to the threat of chemical and biological weapons (CBW)use by terrorists may give the impression that this is a new phenomenon, but it is not. Most chemicaland biological weapons themselves have a long history: the first chemical weapons were used inancient Greece; biological we... |
train_15376 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Natural disasters, such as Hurricane Sandy, raise questions concerning the President's legal authority to send active duty military forces into a disaster area and the permissible functions the military can perform to protect life and property and maintain order. The Stafford Act authorizes the use of the military for ... | [
"Recognizing the risk that a standing army could pose to individual civil liberties and the sovereignty retained by the several states, but also cognizant of the need to provide for the defense of the nation against foreign and domestic threats, the framers of the Constitution incorporated a system of checks and ba... |
train_15377 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Aircraft and automobile manufacturing are considered by many to be the technological backbones of the U.S. manufacturing base. As the Obama Administration and Congress debate how to strengthen American manufacturing, aerospace is likely to receive considerable attention. Like other manufacturing industries, the worldwi... | [
"Like other manufacturing industries, the worldwide recession is weighing heavily on aerospace manufacturing. This is especially true for commercial aerospace companies and their suppliers, which are being buffeted by the significant decline in global air travel, resulting in a sharp drop in new orders for aircraft... |
train_15378 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The full funding policy is a federal budgeting rule imposed on the Department of Defense (DOD) by Congress in the 1950s that requires the entire procurement cost of a weapon or piece of military equipment to be funded in the year in which the item is procured. Although technical in nature, the policy relates to Congres... | [
"The full funding policy is a federal budgeting rule that has been applied to Department of Defense (DOD) procurement programs since the 1950s. Although technical in nature, the policy relates to Congress's power of the purse and its responsibility for conducting oversight of DOD programs. The application of the fu... |
train_15379 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Individual income tax provisions have shifted over time, first in increasing the burden on larger families, and then in decreasing it. These shifts were caused by changing tax code features: personal exemptions, standard and itemized deductions, rates, the earned income credit (EIC), the child credit, and other standar... | [
"Recent years have been times of significant changes in the income tax treatment of the family. For lower-income families, the most important of these have been the expansion of the earned income credit (EIC) in 1990, 1993, and 2009. For middle-income families, the introduction of the child credit in 1997 and its e... |
train_15380 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report summarizes the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and its major programs and regulatory requirements. It reviews revisions to the act since its enactment in 1974, including the drinking water security provisions added to the SDWA by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 20... | [
"The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Title XIV of the Public Health Service Act, is the key federal law for protecting public water supplies from harmful contaminants. First enacted in 1974 and substantially amended in 1986, 1996, and 2016, the act is administered through programs that establish standards and treat... |
train_15381 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In managing its lands, the National Park Service (NPS) seeks to balance a dual statutory mission of preserving natural resources while providing for their enjoyment by the public. Motorized recreation on NPS lands sometimes brings the two parts of this mission into conflict. Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) have been partic... | [
"The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System for both recreational use and preservation of park resources, a mission that can be contradictory. Increased recreation on NPS lands has fueled disagreements over this dual mission and over the optimum extent of motorized versus nonmotorized recr... |
train_15382 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A generic drug is a lower-cost copy of a brand-name chemical drug. Marketing of the generic drug becomes possible only when the brand-nameâalso called innovatorâdrug is no longer protected from market competition by patent and other protections, called regulatory exclusivity. Prior to marketing, the sponsor of a br... | [
"A generic drug is a lower-cost copy of a brand-name chemical drug. Marketing of the generic drug becomes possible only when the brand-nameâalso called innovatorâdrug is no longer protected from market competition by patent and other protections, called regulatory exclusivity. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)... |
train_15383 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the U.S. sale of drugs and biological products, basing approval or licensure on evidence of the safety and effectiveness for a product's intended uses. Without that approval or licensure, a manufacturer may not distribute the product except for use in the clinical trials... | [
"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), regulates the sale of drugs and biological products, such as vaccines, in the United States. Under the act, a manufacturer may not market a prescription drug without an approved new drug application (ND... |
train_15384 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "pit" is the plutonium "trigger" of a thermonuclear weapon. During the Cold War, the Rocky Flats Plant (CO) made up to 2,000 pits per year (ppy), but ceased operations in 1989. Since then, the Department of Energy (DOE) has made at most 11 ppy for the stockpile, yet the Department of Defense stated that it needs DOE ... | [
"Congress has been deeply involved for decades in setting policy, providing funding, and supporting or rejecting programs for the nuclear weapons enterprise. For example, it established the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a semi-autonomous component of the Department of Energy (DOE) that manages th... |
train_15385 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 6, 2001, Congressman Don Young introduced H.R. 883 , the AmericanLand Sovereignty Act. H.R. 883 requires congressional approval to add any lands owned by the United States to the World HeritageList, a UNESCO-administered listestablished by the 1972 World Heritage Convention. Two years ago, on May 20, 1999, the... | [
"96-395 -- World Heritage Convention and U.S. National Parks Updated April 24, 2001 Summary On March 6, 2001, Congressman Don Young introduced H.R. 883 , the AmericanLand Sovereignty Act. H.R. 883 requires congressional approval to add any lands owned by the United States to the World HeritageList, a UNESCO-adminis... |
train_15386 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for two agencies within other departments—the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Depart... | [
"The Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2008 ( P.L. 110-161 ) provided $26.89 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Another $500.0 million in emergency funds for wildfires was provided in P.L. 110-116 , for an FY2008 total of $27.39 billion. The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agenci... |
train_15387 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | States and localities have occasionally enacted measures restricting their agencies from conducting economic transactions with entities that do business with or in foreign countries whose conduct these jurisdictions find objectionable. While some maintain that sub-federal entities may enact such laws under sovereign pr... | [
"States and localities have at times proposed or enacted measures restricting governmental transactions with entities doing business or having financial ties with foreign countries whose conduct is found objectionable, particularly because of terrorism or human rights concerns. This report summarizes constitutional... |
train_15388 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 1992 U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change requires that signatories, including the United States, establish policies for constraining future emission levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2). The George H. W. Bush, Clinton, and George W. Bush Administrations each drafted action plans in res... | [
"Climate change policy actions are underway at state, federal, regional, and international levels. As a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United States committed to the objective of achieving \"stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that wou... |
train_15389 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Russian President Putin appears to have made a strategic decision to shift Russian policy toward cooperation with the United States and the West. This is a major departure from the policy that Putininherited from his predecessors, which saw Russia as the leader of a coalition aimed at opposing U.S."global domination." ... | [
"Russian President Vladimir Putin appears to have made a strategic decision to reorient Russiannational security policy from a posture of antagonism, if not hostility, toward the United States andits allies, to a policy of more cooperation with the United States and the West. Indications of thisshift were discernib... |
train_15390 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The increased deployment of servicemembers beginning in 2001 as a result of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom has raised difficult military child custody issues that in some cases potentially affect the welfare of military children as well as servicemembers' ability to effectively serve their country. Approximately... | [
"The issue of state courts using servicemember's military service as a factor in child custody hearings has been the subject of legislative action by the U.S. Congress since 2007. The catalysts behind the legislation were allegations from servicemembers that their military service, with the possibility of deploymen... |
train_15391 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Antiquities Act of 1906 (54 U.S.C. §§320301-320303) authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, or other objects of historic or scientific interest. The President is to reserve "the smallest area compatible with the p... | [
"The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain \"historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest.\" The President is to reserve \"the smallest area compatible with the proper care and ma... |
train_15392 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Historically, the San Joaquin River in Central California has supported large Chinook salmon populations. Since the Bureau of Reclamation's Friant Dam on the San Joaquin River became fully operational in the 1940s, much of the river's water has been diverted for off-stream agricultural uses. As a result, approximately ... | [
"Historically, Central California's San Joaquin River supported large Chinook salmon populations. Since the Bureau of Reclamation's Friant Dam on the San Joaquin River became fully operational in the 1940s, much of the river's water has been diverted for agricultural uses. As a result, approximately 60 miles of the... |
train_15393 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Daily fantasy sports (DFS) companies, which operate online gaming platforms that allow players to assemble imaginary sports teams and compete in daily or weekly contests, function in a gray area of the law. The federal government does not license or regulate them. State governments have the main responsibility for regu... | [
"Daily fantasy sports (DFS), a form of online gaming in which players assemble imaginary teams that amass points based on how well individual players perform in real-life sporting events, operates in a gray area of the law. The DFS industry has not been regulated by the federal government, but the attorneys general... |
train_15394 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress plays a major role in formulating and implementing U.S. trade policy through its legislative and oversight responsibilities. Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress has the authority to regulate foreign commerce, while the President has the authority to conduct foreign relations. In 2015, Congress reauthorized T... | [
"In February 2016, the United States signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with 11 countries: Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Brunei. The TPP, now subject to approval and implementation by Congress, is termed by its participants as a comprehensive a... |
train_15395 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 12, 2010, President Barack Obama signed H.J.Res. 45 into law, as P.L. 111-139. In addition to an increase in the statutory limit on the public debt to $14.294 trillion, the act contains two titles dealing with budgetary matters. Title I, referred to as the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, establishes a ... | [
"On February 12, 2010, President Barack Obama signed H.J.Res. 45 into law, as P.L. 111-139 . In addition to an increase in the statutory limit on the public debt to $14.294 trillion, the act contains two titles dealing with budgetary matters. Title I, referred to as the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, establis... |
train_15396 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On the first day of the 111th Congress, the House agreed to H.Res. 5, which made several changes to House rules affecting floor proceedings. First, the House amended clause 6 of Rule XV to require that Calendar Wednesday only occur at the request of a committee. Calendar Wednesday is a rarely-utilized procedure that al... | [
"On the first day of the 111 th Congress, the House agreed to H.Res. 5 , which made several changes to House rules affecting floor proceedings. Following a well-established practice, H.Res. 5 provided that the rules of the previous Congress be the rules of the new Congress, but with a set of amendments. Four change... |
train_15397 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Intelligence whistleblowers are generally Intelligence Community (IC) employees or contractors who bring to light allegations of agency wrongdoings by, for example, disclosing information on such wrongdoings to congressional intelligence committees. Such disclosures can aid oversight of, or help curb misconduct within,... | [
"Generally speaking, whistleblowers are those who expose misconduct (e.g., fraud, abuse, or illegal activity) within an organization. In the context of the Intelligence Community (IC), whistleblowers are generally employees or contractors of federal intelligence agencies who bring to light information on agency wro... |
train_15398 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress directs the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to plan and build water resource facilities through the agency's civil works program. The Corps also has a prominent role in responding to natural disasters, especially floods, in U.S. states and territories. In recent years through supplemental appropriations, ... | [
"Under its civil works program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) plans, builds, operates, and maintains a wide range of water resource facilities. The Corps also undertakes flood-fighting activities and other natural disaster response activities. These emergency activities have been authorized by Congress a... |
train_15399 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supreme Court issued its decision in Altria Group., Inc. v. Good on December 15, 2008. The Court, by a vote of 5-4, held that the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA) neither expressly nor impliedly preempted state law claims of fraud. In this decision the Court examined the preemptive effect of s... | [
"In Altria Group, Inc. v. Good , the Supreme Court agreed to resolve a split that developed in the circuit courts with regard to whether the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA) expressly or impliedly preempted state law claims regarding light or low-tar nicotine descriptors in cigarette advertise... |
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