id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_15400 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The economy officially was considered in a recession in December 2008, but many forecasters had long recognized the downturn and some believed this economic contraction would be more severe than other post-World War II economic slowdowns. A combination of factors have combined to present policymakers with difficult dec... | [
"In December 2008, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) announced that the economy was in a recession and that the recession began in December 2007. However, some economists and forecasters have been concerned that a combination of factors might make this economic contraction much worse than other post-w... |
train_15401 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent decades, many federal policies have attempted to help prepare students with disabilities to complete high school and to continue into postsecondary education. Corollary interest has arisen in being able to track the progress being made toward achieving these aims. This report offers a brief overview of what i... | [
"The skills, knowledge, and credentials obtained through education are widely believed to be connected to positive occupational and economic outcomes. In recent decades, considerable attention has been devoted to improving educational attainment levels of students with disabilities. Several federal policies have ai... |
train_15402 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Summary On October 21, 1998, President Clinton signed H.R. 4112 , the FY1999 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, into P.L. 105-275 . The act contains$2.350 billion, a 2.7% increase over the FY1998 appropriation of $2.288 billion. Later the same day, the Presidentsigned into law an omnibus appropriations billthat co... | [
"On October 21, 1998, President Clinton signed into law H.R. 4112 , the FY1999 Legislative BranchAppropriations bill ( P.L. 105-275 ). The actcontains $2.350 billion, a 2.7% increase over the FY1998 appropriation of $2.288 billion. Also on October 21, the President signed into law an omnibus consolidated and emerge... |
train_15403 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 20, 2009, the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union filed a petition with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) requesting an investigation under Section 421 of the Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. §2451, a trade remedy st... | [
"On September 11, 2009, the White House announced that additional tariffs would be placed on imports of certain Chinese tires for three years under Section 421 of the Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. §2451, a trade remedy statute aimed at import surges from China. The action was based on earlier findings by the U.S. In... |
train_15404 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Science and technology (S&T) have a pervasive influence over a wide range of issues confronting the nation. Public and private research and development spurs scientific and technological advancement. Such advances can drive economic growth, help address national priorities, and improve health and quality of life. The c... | [
"Science and technology (S&T) play an increasingly important role in our society. Advances in science and technology can help drive economic growth, improve human health, increase agricultural productivity, and help meet national priorities. Federal policies affect scientific and technological advancement on severa... |
train_15405 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States primary tactical airlift aircraft is the C-130. Nicknamed the Hercules, this venerable aircraft has been the workhorse of U.S. tactical airlift for the past 57 years. The majority of C-130s in the U.S. government are assigned to the U.S. Air Force, but the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard also... | [
"The national defense strategy of the United States is evolving in response to changing global environments. As Congress responds to these changes, an important aspect is the responsibility for oversight and appropriations for an aging tactical airlift fleet. The C-130 has been the cornerstone of the U.S. tactical ... |
train_15406 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force on May 15, 2012. It is a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) between the United States and Colombia, which will eventually eliminate tariffs and other barriers in bilateral trade in goods and services. On October 3, 2011, during the 112th Congress, Pre... | [
"The U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force on May 15, 2012. It is a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) between the United States and Colombia that eventually will eliminate tariffs and other barriers in bilateral trade in goods and services. During the 112 th Congress, President Obama sub... |
train_15407 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Senate has, from the 1st Congress (1789-1790), valued the importance of decorum in debate and included a "call to order" mechanism in its rules to sanction Senators who use "disorderly" language. The rules adopted in 1789 contained such a call-to-order provision, and its language has been amended multiple times ove... | [
"Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Senate Rule XIX identify language that is considered to violate standards of decorum in debate. Such \"disorderly\" language includes directly or indirectly imputing to another Senator or Senators \"any conduct or motive unworthy or unbecoming a Senator\" (paragraph 2) and referrin g \"offens... |
train_15408 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of the Armed Forces on duty in designated combat areas can send personal correspondence, free of postage, to addresses in the United States. However, there is not a comparable policy to permit individuals in the United States to send letters and packages to troops serving overseas free of charge. H.R. 1935 has ... | [
"The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has a long relationship with the Department of Defense (DOD) to facilitate correspondence and the exchange of gifts between service personnel and their families. Post offices throughout the country accept mail and packages for military personnel and deliver these items to military in... |
train_15409 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For Fish and Wildlife Service appropriations in FY2011, the Administration requests $1.64 billion, down 0.3% from the FY2010 level of $1.65 billion. Climate change and land acquisition programs would receive notable increases; construction and funds for wetlands, neotropical migratory birds, and selected foreign specie... | [
"The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill funds agencies and programs in three federal departments, as well as numerous related agencies and bureaus. Among the more controversial agencies represented in the bill is the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), in the Department of the Inter... |
train_15410 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance since 1868. Following the 1945 McCarran-Ferguson Act, this system has operated with the explicit blessing of Congress, but has also been subject to periodic scrutiny and suggestions that the time may have come for Congress to reclaim the regulatory aut... | [
"Insurance companies constitute a major segment of the U.S. financial services industry. The industry is often separated into two parts: life and health insurance companies , which also often offer annuity products, and property and casualty insurance companies , which include most other lines of insurance, such as... |
train_15411 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and several independent agencies. The DOE budget includes funding for the National Nuclear Securit... | [
"Congress established the Stockpile Stewardship Program in the FY1994 National Defense Authorization Act ( P.L. 103-160 ). The goal of the program, as amended by the FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act ( P.L. 111-84 , §3111), is to ensure \"that the nuclear weapons stockpile is safe, secure, and reliable with... |
train_15412 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Congressional Review Act ("CRA," 5 U.S.C. §§801-808) established a special set of expedited or "fast track" legislative procedures, primarily in the Senate, through which Congress may enact joint resolutions disapproving agencies' final rules. Members of Congress have 60 "days of continuous session" to introduce a ... | [
"The Congressional Review Act (\"CRA,\" 5 U.S.C. §§801-808) requires federal agencies to submit all of their final rules to both houses of Congress and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) before they can take effect. The act also establishes a special set of expedited or \"fast track\" legislative procedures... |
train_15413 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Open skies" agreements are a form of international civil air service agreement that facilitates international aviation in a deregulated environment. They eliminate government involvement in airline decisionmaking about international routes, capacity, and prices. Since 1992, the United States has reached 114 open skies... | [
"Under the Chicago Convention, agreed in 1944, airlines provide international air services for passengers, cargo, and mail on the basis of bilateral or multilateral air service agreements covering the countries concerned. Traditionally, air service agreements covered topics such as route selection, airline identity... |
train_15414 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Justice Stevens has played a critical role in the Supreme Court's interpretation of a jury's role in criminal sentencing. In 2000, he wrote the majority opinion for the Court in Apprendi v. New Jersey, a landmark case in which the Court held that a judge typically may not increase a sentence beyond the range prescribed... | [
"Justice Stevens has been a key figure in the Supreme Court's recent decisions interpreting the scope of two \"companion rights\": the due process right to a \"beyond a reasonable doubt\" determination and the right to trial by jury. The right to a jury trial in criminal prosecutions is explicitly protected in the ... |
train_15415 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The June 9, 2011, decision of the United States Supreme Court in Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Limited Partnership et al. rained current legal standards by holding that patents must be proved invalid by "clear and convincing evidence." The Court explicitly rejected the argument that the "preponderance of the evidence" standar... | [
"Congressional interest in the patent system has been evidenced by the recent passage of patent reform legislation by both houses of the 112 th Congress. Among the topics of legislative debate has been the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents. In this respect the June 9, 2011, decision of the United St... |
train_15416 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The K nonimmigrant visa category was created in 1970 through P.L. 91-225, which amended the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Within the K visa category, the K-1 visa is a visa for fiancé(e)s of U.S. citizens and the K-2 visa is a visa for the fiancé(e)'s children. Congress later enacted legislation to provide pro... | [
"In 1970, the K visa category was created for foreign national fiancé(e)s of U.S. citizens. The first visa within the category, the K-1 visa, is a nonimmigrant visa that grants temporary admission to the United States for fiancé(e)s in order for them to marry their U.S. citizen petitioners. Since the visa's creatio... |
train_15417 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A perceived lack of coordination in the federal government's warning notification processand inconsistent messages regarding threats to the homeland have led to an erosion of confidencein the information conveyed to the Nation. Congress is now considering legislation( H.R. 1817 , The Department of Homeland Security Aut... | [
"A perceived lack of coordination in the federal government's warning notification processand inconsistent messages regarding threats to the homeland have led to an erosion of confidencein the information conveyed to the Nation. Congress is now considering legislation( H.R. 1817 , The Department of Homeland Securit... |
train_15418 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2001, in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, "homeland security" went from being a concept discussed among a relatively small cadre of policymakers and strategic thinkers to a broadly discussed issue among policymakers, including those in Congress. Debates over how to implement coordinated homeland ... | [
"There is no statutory definition of homeland security that reflects the breadth of the enterprise as currently understood. Although there is a federal Department of Homeland Security, it is neither solely dedicated to homeland security missions, nor is it the only part of the federal government with significant re... |
train_15419 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the post-2001 era, the United States has viewed Pakistan as a key ally, especially in the context of counterterrorism and Afghan and regional stability. Pakistan has been among the leading recipients of U.S. foreign assistance both historically and in recent years, although assistance levels have fluctuated consider... | [
"Experts commonly list Pakistan among the most strategically important countries for U.S. policy makers. The 113 th Congress is grappling with troubled and even deteriorated U.S.-Pakistani relations, as well as the need to balance Pakistan's importance to U.S. national security interests with U.S. domestic budgetar... |
train_15420 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1978, the Department of the Interior (Department) adopted a final rule setting forth the process by which a group may be recognized (also acknowledged) as an Indian tribe by the Department. Prior to that time, the Department made decisions on an ad hoc basis. However, in the wake of the treaty fishing rights case Un... | [
"In the 19 th century and first half of the 20 th century, the federal government made determinations about which groups of Indians were tribes on an ad hoc basis when negotiating treaties and determining which groups of Indians could reorganize their governments under the Indian Reorganization Act. In the 1970s, t... |
train_15421 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | From an environmental quality standpoint, much of the public and policy interest in animal agriculture has focused on impacts on water resources, because animal waste, if not properly managed, can harm water quality through surface runoff, direct discharges, spills, and leaching into soil and groundwater. A more recent... | [
"Animal agriculture is a $100 billion per year industry in the United States. Livestock and poultry are raised on an estimated 1.3 million farms throughout the nation. About 238,000 of these farms are considered animal feeding operations (AFO)—agriculture enterprises where animals are kept and raised in confinement... |
train_15422 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Incompatibility Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that "no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office." This provision is generally understood to ensure the separation of powers by preventing Members of Congress from serving in two gove... | [
"The Incompatibility Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that \"no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.\" This provision is generally understood to ensure the separation of powers by preventing Members of Congress from serving in t... |
train_15423 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Turnover of membership in the House and Senate necessitates closing congressional offices. The closure of a congressional office requires an outgoing Member of Congress to evaluate pertinent information regarding his or her staff; the disposal of personal and official records; and final disposition of office accounts, ... | [
"Turnover of membership in the House and Senate necessitates closing congressional offices. The most common reason for departure is the expiration of a Member's term of office, but a congressional office may also become vacant due to resignation, death, or other reasons. The closure of a congressional office requir... |
train_15424 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in Obergefell v. Hodges in June 2015 held that the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution required states to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples and to recognize same-sex marriages formed in other states. The Court's decision in Obergefell does not directly addr... | [
"T he U.S. Supreme Court's highly anticipated decision in Obergefell v. Hodges recognized federal constitutional protection for same-sex marriage. Although on its face the case addressed only whether states must issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples and recognize marriages legally formed in other states, Ober... |
train_15425 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal executive branch departments and agencies have available to them various human resources management flexibilities for emergency situations involving severe weather, natural disaster, and other circumstances. At various times, the Office of Personnel Management issued guidance on these flexibilities, which suppl... | [
"The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) has issued guidance for federal executive branch departments and agencies on various flexibilities available to facilitate HRM for emergency situations involving severe weather, natural disaster, and other circumstances multiple times since 2001. Notably, these issuances oc... |
train_15426 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The global financial crisis and the U.S. recession, during the 19 months from December 2007 through June 2009, caused the U.S. trade deficit to decrease, or lessen, from August 2008 through May 2009. Since then it has begun to increase again as recovery has commenced. The financial crisis caused U.S. imports to drop fa... | [
"International trade in goods and services along with flows of financial capital affect virtually every person living in the United States. Whether one buys imported clothes, gasoline, computers, or cars; works in an industry that competes with imports; or sells products abroad, the influence of international trade... |
train_15427 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states implement a federally mandated program for controlling stormwater discharges from industrial facilities and municipalities. Large cities and most industry sources are subject to rules issued in 1990 (Phase I rules), and EPA issued permit rules to cover smaller cities... | [
"Stormwater discharge systems are the pipes and sewer lines that carry rainwater or snow melt, but not domestic sanitary wastes, away from urban areas and commercial and industrial facilities. For many years the focus of the nation's water quality programs was on controlling pollutants associated with industr ial p... |
train_15428 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "pit" is the plutonium core of a nuclear weapon. Until 1989, the Rocky Flats Plant (CO) mass-produced pits. Since then, the United States has made at most 11 pits per year (ppy). U.S. policy is to maintain existing nuclear weapons. To do this, the Department of Defense states that it needs the Department of Energy (D... | [
"Of all the problems facing the nuclear weapons program and nuclear weapons complex over the past several decades, few, if any, have been as vexing as pit production. A \"pit\" is a hollow plutonium shell that is imploded, creating an explosion that triggers the rest of the weapon. The Rocky Flats Plant (CO) manufa... |
train_15429 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Super PACs emerged after the U.S. Supreme Court permitted unlimited corporate and union spending on elections in January 2010 (Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission). Although not directly addressed in that case, related, subsequent litigation (SpeechNow v. Federal Election Commission) and Federal Election Com... | [
"The development of super PACs is one of the most recent components of the debate over money and speech in elections. Some perceive super PACs as a positive consequence of deregulatory court decisions in Citizens United and related case SpeechNow . For those who support super PACs, these relatively new political co... |
train_15430 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report summarizes and compares provisions for green jobs training and worker adaptation assistance for climate change mitigation impacts in two recent bills: H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (also known as the Waxman-Markey bill), and S. 1733, the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power A... | [
"The U.S. House and Senate have produced two major bills ( H.R. 2454 , the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (also known as the Waxman-Markey bill) and S. 1733 , the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act of 2009 (also known as the Kerry-Boxer bill)) addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associat... |
train_15431 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Mexico, a major drug producing and transit country, is the main foreign supplier of marijuana and a major supplier of methamphetamine to the United States. Although Mexico accounts for only a small share of worldwide heroin production, it supplies a large share of heroin consumed in the United States. An estimated 90% ... | [
"According to the Mexican government there are seven drug cartels operating in Mexico. The Mexican government reports that the major cartels – Gulf, Sinaloa, and Juárez—are present in much of Mexico. The Gulf cartel has a presence in 13 states and its center of operations is in the northern state of Tamaulipas, whi... |
train_15432 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Haiti's poverty is massive and deep. Over half the population (54%) of 8.2 million people live in extreme poverty, living on less than $1 a day; 76% live on less than $2 a day. Poverty and hunger among the rural population is even more widespread. In order to reach Haiti's goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger... | [
"This report provides a brief analysis of Haiti's development needs. It examines the current situation in Haiti, Haiti's development needs, and what is being done by the Haitian government, the United States, and foreign donors to meet those needs. It also addresses priority areas for Haitian development. Haiti and... |
train_15433 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Mortgage-backed securities that are packaged and issued by private industry participants are required to comply with the Securities Act of 1933. Issuers of so-called private label mortgage-backed securities must either register these securities pursuant to the rules the Securities and Exchange Commission has set forth,... | [
"Generally speaking, there are two types of mortgage-backed securities (MBSs). The first are those securities that are packaged and issued by government sponsored entities (GSEs) — the Federal National Mortgage Association (\"Fannie Mae\") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (\"Freddie Mac\") — and a who... |
train_15434 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In some jurisdictions, it is unethical for an attorney to secretly record a conversation even though it is not illegal to do so. A few states require the consent of all parties to a conversation before it may be recorded. Recording without mutual consent is both illegal and unethical in those jurisdictions. Elsewhere t... | [
"Has an attorney engaged in unethical conduct when he or she secretly records a conversation? The practice is unquestionably unethical when it is done illegally; its status is more uncertain when it is done legally. The issue is complicated by the fact that the American Bar Association (ABA), whose model ethical st... |
train_15435 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Much of the U.S. critical infrastructure is potentially vulnerable to cyber-attack. Industrial control computer systems involved in this infrastructure are specific points of vulnerability, as cyber-security forthese systems has not been previously perceived as a high priority. Industry sectorspotentially affected by a... | [
"This report addresses the cyber-vulnerability of critical infrastructure industries which regularlyuse industrial control systems. Industrial control systems may be vulnerable to infiltration bydifferent routes, including wireless transmission, direct access to control system computers,exploitation of dial-up mode... |
train_15436 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government is the largest buyer of goods and services in the world, and executive branch agencies—particularly the Department of Defense—make most of these purchases. Many (although not all) acquisitions by executive branch agencies are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), which can make the... | [
"The federal government is the largest buyer of goods and services in the world, and executive branch agencies—particularly the Department of Defense—make most of these purchases. Many (although not all) acquisitions by executive branch agencies are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), which can mak... |
train_15437 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In general, insurance is a highly regulated financial product. Every state requires licenses for insurance companies, and most states closely regulate both company conduct and the details of the particular insurance products sold in the state. This regulation is usually seen as important for consumer protection; howeve... | [
"Insurance is regulated almost exclusively at a state level, unlike the other primary sectors of the financial services industry, banking and securities. Although the Supreme Court has ruled that Congress has the power to regulate insurance, the 1945 McCarran-Ferguson Act devolved this power to the individual state... |
train_15438 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a brief summary of the last round of NATO enlargement. The report analyzes the key military and political issues in the debate over seven prospective members named atNATO'sPrague summit. It then provides an overview of the positions of the allies and of Russia on enlargement, citing theeffectsof th... | [
"RS21055 -- NATO Enlargement Updated May 5, 2003 Congress is now considering enlargement of NATO, an issue addressed at the allied summit in Prague, in November 2002. During the last round of enlargement, the Senate voted 80-19 on April 30, 1998, in favor of admitting Poland, theCzechRepublic, and Hungary to NATO. ... |
train_15439 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The choice of power generation technology in the United States is heavily influenced by the cost of fuel. Historically, the use of fossil fuels has provided some of the lowest prices for generating electricity. But growing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental costs associated with burning foss... | [
"Electric power generation in the United States is currently dominated by the use of fossil fuels. Coal is the major fuel used to produce electricity from steam turbine-generators employing basic principles in use since the Industrial Revolution. However, burning coal results in environmental costs as emissions of ... |
train_15440 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Scientists and engineers can now examine, design, and manipulate materials at the molecular level, termed "nanoscale," between 1 and 100 billionths of a meter. The U.S. government has invested heavily to ensure that American industry remains a global leader in the field, because the products of nanotechnology are seen ... | [
"U.S. scientists and engineers who are working at the molecular level, or nanoscale, are developing novel materials and derivative products at a rapid pace. The unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of engineered nanoscale materials lend themselves to a huge array of applications that, some analysts ... |
train_15441 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Funding for House committees (except for the Committee on Appropriations) follows a two-step process of authorization and appropriation. Operating budgets for all standing and select committees of the House (except for the Committee on Appropriations) are authorized pursuant to a simple resolution, and funding is provi... | [
"Funding for House committees (except for the Committee on Appropriations) follows a two-step process of authorization and appropriation. Operating budgets for all standing and select committees of the House (except for the Committee on Appropriations) are authorized pursuant to a chamber funding resolution, and fu... |
train_15442 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President makes appointments to positions within the federal government, either using the authorities granted by law to the President alone or with the advice and consent of the Senate. This report identifies all nominations that were submitted to the Senate for full-time positions in 40 organizations in the execut... | [
"The President is responsible for appointing individuals to positions throughout the federal government. In some instances, the President makes these appointments using authorities granted by law to the President alone. Other appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate via the nomination and con... |
train_15443 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 16, 2014, Congress presented the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (H.R. 83), to the President, who signed it into law (P.L. 113-235) that same day. In Division J of that act, Congress appropriated $51.98 billion for the Department of State and Foreign Operations, including $9.26 ... | [
"December 16, 2014. The President signed into law the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 ( H.R. 83 / P.L. 113-235 ). The House had passed the legislation on December 11, 2014; the Senate passed it December 13, 2014. November Amendments to the Request . On November 5 and 10, 2014, the Admin... |
train_15444 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of Congress, along with the legal community, journalists, and the public, have long considered the potential merits and drawbacks of using video cameras to record and/or broadcast courtroom proceedings. The first bill to propose video camera use in the federal courts was introduced in the House of Representativ... | [
"The issue of whether or not to allow video cameras into the courtroom has been discussed and debated by Members of Congress, the legal community, journalists, and the public since the introduction of newsreel films in the early 20 th century. Technological advances have shifted some of the considerat ions in this ... |
train_15445 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As congressional policymakers continue to debate telecommunications reform, a major point of contention is the question of whether action is needed to ensure unfettered access to the Internet. The move to place restrictions on the owners of the networks that compose and provide access to the Internet, to ensure equal a... | [
"As congressional policymakers continue to debate telecommunications reform, a major point of contention is the question of whether action is needed to ensure unfettered access to the Internet. The move to place restrictions on the owners of the networks that compose and provide access to the Internet, to ensure eq... |
train_15446 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Social Security Retirement Earnings Test (RET), the monthly benefit of a Social Security beneficiary who is below full retirement age (FRA) is reduced if he or she has earnings that exceed an annual threshold. In 2012, a beneficiary who is below FRA and will not attain FRA during the year is subject to a $1 r... | [
"Social Security benefits received before a person attains full retirement age (FRA) are subject to an actuarial reduction for early retirement and also may be reduced by the Social Security Retirement Earnings Test (RET) if the beneficiary has earnings that exceed an annual threshold. Under the RET, a beneficiary ... |
train_15447 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 106(3) of the Copyright Act grants a copyright holder the exclusive right to distribute copies of a copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. In addition, § 602(a) of the Copyright Act generally prohibits the importation into the United States, witho... | [
"Section 106(3) of the Copyright Act grants a copyright holder the exclusive right to distribute copies of a copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. In addition to the general distribution right, Section 602(a) of the Copyright Act provides a copyright... |
train_15448 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses Congress's oversight authority over individual federal judges or Supreme Court Justices. Congressional oversight authority, although broad, is limited to subjects related to the exercise of legitimate congressional power. While Congress has the power to regulate the structure, administration and j... | [
"This report addresses Congress's oversight authority over individual federal judges or Supreme Court Justices. Congressional oversight authority, although broad, is limited to subjects related to the exercise of legitimate congressional power. While Congress has the power to regulate the structure, administration ... |
train_15449 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cuba remains a one-party communist state with a poor record on human rights. The country's political succession in 2006 from the long-ruling Fidel Castro to his brother Raúl was characterized by a remarkable degree of stability. In 2013, Raúl began his second and final five-year term, which is scheduled to end in Febru... | [
"On January 16, 2017, U.S. and Cuban officials signed a memorandum of understanding to deepen bilateral law enforcement cooperation and information sharing. (See \" Advancing Engagement ,\" below.) On January 12, 2017, the Obama Administration announced a major change in U.S. immigration policy by ending the so-cal... |
train_15450 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal departments and agencies funded within the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations bill are currently operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 112-55), which runs through December 16, 2011, while the debate over FY2012 appropriations co... | [
"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 to consolidate federal pollution control responsibilities that had been divided among several federal agencies. EPA's responsibilities grew significantly as Congress enacted an increasing number of environmental laws as well as major amendments to t... |
train_15451 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a side-by-side comparison of three bills and two proposals, each of which addresses oil and gas development in the outer continental shelf (OCS). None of the bills has passed its respective chamber. One of the proposals, H.R. 6899, the "Comprehensive American Energy Security and Taxpayer Protection... | [
"This report provides a side-by-side comparison of three bills and two proposals— H.R. 6566 , H.R. 6670 , H.R. 6709 , H.R. 6899 (the House Leadership Proposal), and the Senate Draft Proposal—which address oil and gas development in the outer continental shelf (OCS). None of the bills has passed its respective chamb... |
train_15452 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring temporary tax provisions. Collectively, these temporary tax provisions are often referred to as "tax extenders." Fifty-two temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2014. All of these provisions were either temporarily or permanently extended ... | [
"There are dozens of temporary tax provisions in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), many of which had expired at the end of 2014. Recent legislation has extended certain expiring provisions, and, in some cases, made temporary provisions permanent. The American Taxpayer Relief Act (ATRA; P.L. 112-240 ), signed into la... |
train_15453 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has numerous programs to support the management of state and private forests. These programs are under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees and are often examined in the periodic legislation to reauthorize agricultural programs, commonly known as farm... | [
"T here are approximately 766 million acres of forestlands in the United States, most of which are privately owned (445 million acres, or 58%) by individuals, families, Native American tribes, corporations, nongovernmental organizations, and other groups (see Figure 1 ). The federal government has numerous programs... |
train_15454 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | FreedomCAR and the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative are two complementary government-industry research and development (R&D) policy initiatives that promote the development of hydrogen fuel and fuel cell vehicles. Coordinated by the Department of Energy (DOE), these initiatives aim to make mass-market fuel cell and hydrogen co... | [
"In his State of the Union Address on January 28, 2003, President George W. Bush announced a new $720 million research and development (R&D) initiative to promote hydrogen as a transportation fuel. The Hydrogen Fuel Initiative is intended to complement the FreedomCAR initiative, which focuses on cooperative vehicle... |
train_15455 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Sandinista leader and former President Daniel Ortega was inaugurated to a five-year term as President on January 10, 2007. Three elements were key to Ortega's victory in the November 2006 presidential election: a change in Nicaraguan electoral law, an effective political machine, and a divided opposition. Ortega won on... | [
"Daniel Ortega was a leader of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) when it overthrew the corrupt and repressive Somoza family dictatorship in 1979. When the pro-Soviet Sandinistas gained control of the government and pursued increasingly radical social policies, including redistribution of land and weal... |
train_15456 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) receives its funding through federal appropriations; overall, about 15% of public television and 10% of radio broadcasting funding comes from the federal appropriations that CPB distributes. CPB's appropriation is allocated through a distribution formula established in its ... | [
"The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) was incorporated in 1967 as a private nonprofit corporation under the authority of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 (P.L. 90-129). CPB funding promotes public television and radio stations and their programs. These CPB-funded stations reach virtually every household... |
train_15457 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A refugee is a person fleeing his or her country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Typically, the annual number of refugees that can be admitted into the United States, known as the refug... | [
"The admission of refugees to the United States and their resettlement here are authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended by the Refugee Act of 1980. The 1980 Act had two basic purposes: (1) to provide a uniform procedure for refugee admissions; and (2) to authorize federal assistance to r... |
train_15458 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Muslims in a number of countries have responded in recent days with anger at the United States that many observers describe as a response to a privately produced film circulating on the Internet that denigrates Islam and the prophet Mohammed. In some cases, this outrage has taken the form of public expressions by relat... | [
"Muslims in a number of countries have responded in recent days with anger at the United States that many observers describe as a response to a privately produced film circulating on the Internet that denigrates Islam and the prophet Mohammed. In some cases, this outrage has taken the form of public expressions by ... |
train_15459 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 22, 2009, during Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's visit to Southeast Asia, the United States acceded to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), one of the 10-nation organization's core documents, as had been amended by the 1987 and 1998 TAC Protocols... | [
"On July 22, 2009, in Phuket, Thailand, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and representatives from the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) signed the Instrument of Extension and the Instrument of Accession to ASEAN's Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC). Secretary Clinton was in Thail... |
train_15460 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Florida Everglades is a unique network of subtropical wetlands that is now half its original size. The federal government has had a long history of involvement in the Everglades, beginning in the 1940s with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructing flood control projects that shunted water away from the Evergla... | [
"The Florida Everglades is a unique network of subtropical wetlands that is now half its original size. The federal government has had a long history of involvement in the Everglades, beginning in the 1940s with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructing flood control projects that shunted water away from the Ev... |
train_15461 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Supreme Court's decisions regarding the nature of the people's right to "keep and bear arms," as guaranteed in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, has focused some interest on the extent to which firearms are protected from the reach of creditors under either federal or state laws. State laws protec... | [
"The U.S. Supreme Court's decisions regarding the nature of the people's right to \"keep and bear arms,\" as guaranteed in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, has focused some interest in the extent to which firearms are protected from the reach of creditors under either federal or state laws. State laws... |
train_15462 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a summary and analysis of selected provisions of the chairman's mark of S. 1733, the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act. The topics covered include electric power and incentives for the development of natural gas technologies. The report also compares those provisions with H.R. 2454, the Amer... | [
"This report provides a summary and analysis of selected provisions of S. 1733 , the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act. The topics covered include electric power and incentives for the development of natural gas technologies. The report also compares those provisions with counterparts, if any, in H.R. 2454 ,... |
train_15463 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Congressional Research Service frequently receives inquiries about legislative planning. Legislative and office action plans are often used by congressional offices for almost every significant project, from organizing an extensive conference in the district or state to introducing and guiding legislation. A major ... | [
"Any legislative plan needs a thorough definition of the problem to be addressed and an explanation of what the appropriate solution might be. Solutions may include legislation, regulation, or media attention. A clearly defined issue makes the determination of the themes for developing the message and promoting the... |
train_15464 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | More than 40 years ago, Congress created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to administer the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) and related amendments. Today, the FEC is responsible for administering disclosure of millions of campaign finance transactions; interpretation and civil enforcement of FECA and agency r... | [
"Throughout the early and mid-1970s, Congress laid the foundation of modern campaign finance policy. Before and after the Watergate scandal, Congress debated whether or how to regulate contributions, expenditures, and disclosure of campaign finance activities. In particular, the 1974 FECA amendments established muc... |
train_15465 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In July of 2006 federal courts ruled that former Representative Tom DeLay, who had earlier won the Republican primary nomination for Congress from the 22nd District of Texas, could not have his name substituted on the general election ballot by the Republican party even if Mr. DeLay had changed his legal residence and ... | [
"On July 6, 2006, a United States District Court ruled that former Representative Tom DeLay, who had earlier won the Republican primary nomination for Congress from the 22 nd District of Texas, could not have his name substituted on the general election ballot by the Republican party even if Mr. DeLay had changed h... |
train_15466 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 30, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, P.L.107-204 . This law has been described by some as the most important and far-reaching securitieslegislation since passage of the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. §§ 77a et seq ., and the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. §§... | [
"Section 101 establishes the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (Board), a new,independent regulatory body, to oversee the auditing of issuers (public companies which are subjectto the federal securities laws). The Board's oversight of auditors is for the purpose of protecting theinterests of investors. The ... |
train_15467 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "grand coalition" government of Germany's two largest parties, the Christian DemocratUnion/Christian Socialist Union (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by CDUcandidate Angela Merkel took office on November 22, 2005, after the German federal election ofSeptember 18, 2005, had produced no clear winner.... | [
"A \"grand coalition\" government of Germany's two largest parties, the Christian DemocraticUnion/Christian Socialist Union (1) (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) led by CDUcandidate Angela Merkel took office on November 22, 2005, after the two parties worked out anagreement on a coalition governing program. ... |
train_15468 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) is a Department of Defense (DOD) program thatwould play a significant role in the U.S Army's proposed Future Combat System (FCS) program. (For a more detailed description of the FCS program see CRS Report RL32888 , The Army's FutureCombat System(FCS): Background and Issues for Con... | [
"The JTRS program originated in the mid-1990s and was intended to replace the 25 to 30families of radio systems used by the military -- many of which could not communicate with eachother -- with software-based radios that could operate across the entire radio frequencyspectrum. (1) JTRS isintended to permit the Ser... |
train_15469 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Security Agency (NSA), one of the largest components of the U.S. Intelligence Community, has reached a major watershed in its history. Responsible for obtaining intelligence from international communications, NSA's efforts are being challenged bythe multiplicity of new types of communicationslinks, by the ... | [
"The National Security Agency (NSA), one of the largest components of the U.S. Intelligence Community, hasreached a major watershed in its history. Responsible for obtaining intelligence from international communications, (1) NSA's efforts are being challenged by the multiplicity of new types of communications link... |
train_15470 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-led international campaign to deprive terrorists of funding has so far produced mixed results. Though more than $120 million in terrorists' accounts reportedly has been blocked sinceSeptember 11, 2001, less than 20 percent of this total has been frozen in the past 11 months. Theal Qaeda network increasingly is... | [
"In a speech on September 24, 2001, President George W. Bush stated that \"Money is thelifeblood of terrorist operations today. We're asking the world to stop payment.\" (1) Accordingly,during the past year the United States has mounted a wide-ranging domestic and international effortto freeze, seize, and intercept... |
train_15471 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Capital markets function most efficiently when investors and creditors have a high degree of trust in the quality of information communicated by firms. Financial reports and disclosures are the primary means by which firms communicate about their performance with investors, creditors, regulators, and the public. Since ... | [
"A firm's financial statements provide investors and creditors with essential financial information to evaluate the firm's performance. Financial statements are also a primary means by which firms communicate with capital markets' stakeholders, including investors, creditors, regulators, and the public. Congress cr... |
train_15472 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) seeks to cut off the flow of revenue to unlawful Internet gambling businesses. It outlaws receipt of checks, credit card charges, electronic funds transfers, and the like by such businesses. It also enlists the assistance of banks, credit card issuers and other pay... | [
"Passage of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) in 2006 as Title VIII of the SAFE Port Act represented the culmination of legislative consideration that began with the recommendations of the National Gambling Commission published in a 1999 report. The legislative history of UIGEA indicates that C... |
train_15473 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 20, 2014, President Obama delivered a televised address wherein he broadly described the steps that his administration is taking to "fix" what he has repeatedly described as a "broken immigration system." Following the President's address, executive agencies made available intra-agency memoranda and fact sh... | [
"On November 20, 2014, President Obama delivered a televised address wherein he broadly described the steps that his administration is taking to \"fix\" what he has repeatedly described as a \"broken immigration system.\" Following the President's address, executive agencies made available intra-agency memoranda an... |
train_15474 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | European Union (EU) countries have provided support for the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies, dating back to as early as the 1980s. Today, the European Union has established binding renewable energy targets with the goal of having the entire EU derive 20% of total energy consumption (electric... | [
"The subject matter covered within this report is European Union (EU) renewable electricity generation—specifically onshore wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity—and does not include discussion about the broader renewable energy sector (i.e., alternative transportation fuels, heating/cooling, and energy effi... |
train_15475 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is one of several countries encouraging production and sales of fully electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to reduce oil consumption, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) provided federal financial support to develo... | [
"Since 1976, Congress has funded programs to develop high-density, low-cost batteries to operate electric and hybrid vehicles. In the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5 ), Congress authorized support for lithium-ion battery manufacturing, with $2.4 billion in grants. Since then, Presid... |
train_15476 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA), 49 U.S.C. § 41705, prohibits discrimination by air carriers against individuals with disabilities. Public attention regarding an airplane passenger who traveled while infected with Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in 2007 raised questions regarding the ACAA's requireme... | [
"Congress passed the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) in 1986, with several goals. First, Congress intended to address the \"unique difficulties\" faced by individuals with disabilities, who often had no way to predict the extent of a given airline or flight crew's accommodation. Second, Congress intended the ACAA to ... |
train_15477 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States maintains a range of economic sanctions on the Government of Sudan. The United States generally restricts foreign aid because Sudan has been found, by the Secretary of State, to be a supporter of acts of international terrorism, is operating under a military dictatorship, and has fallen into arrears i... | [
"The United States maintains a range of economic sanctions on the Government of Sudan. The United States generally restricts foreign aid because Sudan has been found, by the Secretary of State, to be a supporter of acts of international terrorism, is operating under a military dictatorship, and has fallen into arre... |
train_15478 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank), a wholly owned U.S. government corporation, is the official export credit agency (ECA) of the United States. Its mission is to assist in the financing of U.S. exports of goods and services to support U.S. employment. The FY2015 continuing resolution ... | [
"The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank), a wholly owned U.S. government corporation, is the official export credit agency (ECA) of the United States. Its mission is to assist in the financing of U.S. exports of goods and services to support U.S. employment. Ex-Im Bank is among the fede... |
train_15479 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 111th Congress may consider legislation to renew, modify, or reauthorize the Export Administration Act (EAA). On July 31, 2009, Representative Sherman introduced the Export Control Improvements Act (H.R. 3515), co-sponsored by Representative Manzullo and Representative A. Smith, that contains provisions on export c... | [
"Legislation to rewrite and reauthorize the Export Administration Act of 1979 (EAA)( P.L. 96-72 ) may be considered in the 111 th Congress. In the 110 th Congress, several pieces of legislation were introduced that addressed various aspects of the current system, including penalties, enforcement, diversion or trans... |
train_15480 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two separate but closely related issues confront Congress each time the President introduces Armed Forces into a situation abroad that conceivably could lead to their involvement in hostilities. One issue concerns the division of war powers between the President and Congress, whether the use of Armed Forces falls withi... | [
"On September 14, 2012, the President reported to Congress, \"consistent with\" the War Powers Resolution, that on September 12, 2012, he ordered deployed to Libya \"a security force from the U.S. Africa Command\" to \"support the security of U.S. personnel in Libya.\" This action was taken in response to the attac... |
train_15481 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Farm commodity price and income support provisions in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, the 2008 farm bill) include three primary types of payments: Direct payments unrelated to production or prices; Counter-cyclical payments for a commodity that are triggered when (a) prices are below statu... | [
"On June 18, 2008, the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( P.L. 110-246 , the2008 farm bill) became law when the House and Senate voted to override President Bush's veto of H.R. 6124 . The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has begun the process of implementing the new law. This report describes the far... |
train_15482 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term "neglected tropical diseases" (NTDs) was coined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003 to describe a set of diseases that are ancient, worsen poverty, and typically impair health and productivity while carrying low death rates. While the use of the term "NTDs" has helped to raise awareness about these ... | [
"Over the past decade, global health has become a priority in U.S. foreign policy, and U.S. appropriations for global health-related efforts have more than tripled. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have become an important part of these efforts. Congressional appropriations for NTDs have grown from $15 million in... |
train_15483 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With some 42 million people encompassing 16 independent countries and 13 overseas territories, the Caribbean is a diverse region that includes some of the hemisphere's richest and poorest nations. The region consists of 13 island countries, from the Bahamas in the north to Trinidad and Tobago in the south; Belize, whic... | [
"The Caribbean, encompassing 16 independent nations and 13 overseas territories, is a region of almost 42 million people that includes some of the hemisphere's richest and poorest nations. Although many of these nations have similar characteristics, the region as a whole is more commonly distinguished for its diver... |
train_15484 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional advisory commissions are formal groups established to provide independent advice; make recommendations for changes in public policy; study or investigate a particular problem, issue, or event; or perform a duty. While no legal definition exists for what constitutes a "congressional commission," in this re... | [
"Congressional commissions are formal groups established by Congress to provide independent advice, make recommendations for changes in public policy, study or investigate a particular problem or event, or perform a specific duty. Usually composed of policy experts chosen by Members of Congress and/or officials in ... |
train_15485 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A number of issues affecting U.S. agriculture have been or are being addressed by the 109 th Congress. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 ( P.L. 109-171 ), enacted in February 2006, included a net reduction in spending on U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mandatory programs of $2.7 billion over five years, and the r... | [
"Pressure to reduce the federal budget deficit required Congress to consider reductions in spending on USDA programs. The 109 th Congress has addressed USDA spending levels on two fronts: in budget reconciliation and in the annual agriculture appropriations bill. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 ( P.L. 109-171 , e... |
train_15486 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Depreciation of the dollar since 2002 raises concern among some in Congress and the public that the dollar's decline is a symptom of broader economic problems, such as a weak economic recovery, rising public debt, and a diminished standing in the global economy. However, a falling currency is not always a problem, but ... | [
"From a peak in early 2002 through the first half of 2008, the (inflation adjusted) trade-weighted dollar exchange rate, for the most part, steadily depreciated, falling a total of about 25% (see Figure 1 ). The dollar's fall over this six-year period was moderately paced at about 3% to 4% annually. For the next ni... |
train_15487 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), is the principal federal agency tasked with the conservation, protection, and restoration of fish and wildlife resources across the United States and insular areas. This report summarizes the history, organizational structu... | [
"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI), is the principal federal agency tasked with the conservation, protection, and restoration of fish and wildlife resources across the United States and insular areas. The service's history dates to 1871, when the Office ... |
train_15488 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1915, the United States undertook a military occupation of Haiti to preempt anyEuropean intervention, to establish order out of civil strife, and to stabilize Haitian finances. Duringthe nineteen-year occupation, U.S. military and civilian officials, numbering less than 2,500 for the most part,supervised the collect... | [
"94-459 -- The U.S. Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934 May 26, 1994 In the early twentieth century, Haiti suffered from a tumultuous political life and from chronic financial mismanagement. Eighty percent of the Haitian budget went to debt service, and U.S. government officials wereconcernedthat financial obligations t... |
train_15489 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the third title of the homeland security appropriations bill—the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NP... | [
"This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the third title of the homeland security appropriations bill—the National Protection and Programs Directorat... |
train_15490 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides data on the distribution of assets in estates as reported on estate tax returns filed in 2009 and 2010. The data for 2010 are unique, as the estate tax was repealed for those who died in calendar year 2010. Thus, the 2010 data are presented as an appendix to this report. Based on the 2009 data, thi... | [
"The estate and gift tax debate focuses on issues of equity and long-term economic efficiency. Many observers opposed to the estate tax on grounds of equity suggest that taxing the assets of decedents is unfair because the decedent has already paid taxes on the assets as they accumulated value. There is also a perc... |
train_15491 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The price of oil began rising in October 2003 and reached record levels in 2004 and againin 2005. As a result of these price increases, consumers' budgets have been under pressure, businesscosts have risen, and oil producers' profits have increased. The 109th Congress is considering broadenergy legislation ( H.R. 6 ), ... | [
"While the primary focus of this report is on conditions in the U. S. market, analyses shouldbe carried out in the context of the larger world market. Few actions by consuming, or producingnations, can be properly evaluated independently of the world market. Oil is a fungible, internationalcommodity whose ownership... |
train_15492 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2003, Congress considered President Bush's requests for FY2004 and FY2003supplemental assistance for Colombia and six regional neighbors in a continuation of the AndeanRegional Initiative (ARI) launched in 2001. ARI was proposed as an expansion of support for PlanColombia, under the Clinton Administration, with more... | [
"FY2002 Request. The Andean Regional Initiative(ARI) was launched in April 2001, when the Bush Administration requested $882.29 million inFY2002 economic and counternarcotics assistance, as well as an extension of trade preferences andother measures, for Colombia and six regional neighbors (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, ... |
train_15493 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior'sBureau of Reclamation (BOR), most of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. The Bush Administration requested $22.5billion for the... | [
"The House and Senate approved $25.086 billion in appropriations for energy and water developmentprograms, $2.1 billion more than the Administration'srequest. The act funds the Corps at $4.49 billion, Interior at $914 million, and DOE at $14.54 billion. The bill wassigned ( P.L. 107-66 ) by the President onNovember... |
train_15494 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The frequent delivery of public remarks by Senators and Representatives is an important element of their roles as community leaders, spokespersons, and freely elected legislators. Congressional staff are often called on to help prepare draft remarks for such purposes. Writing for the spoken word is a special discipline... | [
"\"Rhetoric,\" wrote Aristotle, \"is the power of determining in a particular case what are the available means of persuasion.\" This report reviews some effective means for the rhetoric of persuasive communication in speeches written by congressional staff for Senators and Representatives. By speeches, this report... |
train_15495 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Earmark disclosure rules in both the House and the Senate establish certain administrative responsibilities that vary by chamber. Under Senate rules, a Senator requesting that an earmark be included in legislation is responsible for providing specific written information, such as the purpose and recipient of the earmar... | [
"Earmark disclosure rules in both the House and Senate were implemented with the stated intention of bringing more transparency to congressionally directed spending. The administrative responsibilities associated with these new rules vary by chamber. This report outlines the major administrative responsibilities of... |
train_15496 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Harbor Maintenance Tax (HMT) was instituted by the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1986 (P.L. 99-662) to pay for the routine maintenance and operations costs of harbors. Numerous legal challenges to the HMT raise questions about its future and the issue of possible legislative changes. In March 1998, the ... | [
"Ports handle more than 35% (by value) of the Nation's imports and exports, and the role of water transport in the national economy is growing as trade policies increase the quantity of goods transported. A recent assessment of the U.S. marine transportation system by the Department of Transportation predicts that ... |
train_15497 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the U.S. economy was in a recession for 18 months from December 2007 to June 2009. It was the longest and deepest recession of the post-World War II era. The recession can be separated into two distinct phases. During the first phase, which lasted for the fi... | [
"According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the U.S. economy was in a recession for 18 months from December 2007 to June 2009. It was the longest and deepest recession of the post-World War II era. This report provides information on the patterns found across past recessions since World War II to... |
train_15498 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) (P.L. 108-78) went into effect on January 1, 2004. This report provides an overview of the major trade and economic effects of the FTA over the three years ending in 2006. It also includes detailed information on key provisions of the agreement and legislative action. The U... | [
"The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement ( P.L. 108-78 ) went into effect on January 1, 2004. This report provides an overview of the major trade and economic developments following the FTA over the five years ending in January 2010. It also includes selected information on key provisions of the agreement. As the U... |
train_15499 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pakistan is a key front-line ally in the U.S.-led anti-terrorism coalition. After September2001, Pakistani President Musharraf ended his government's ties with the Taliban regime ofAfghanistan and has since cooperated with and contributed to U.S. efforts to track and captureremnants of Al Qaeda and Taliban forces that ... | [
"Pakistan is a key front-line ally in the U.S.-led anti-terrorism coalition, and the BushAdministration has expressed satisfaction with ongoing Pakistan-U.S. cooperation in this area. (1) Top U.S. government officialsregularly praise Pakistan and its leadership for their \"fine efforts\" in joint counterterrorismop... |
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