id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_15200 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Chemical Weapons Convention obligates the United States to outlaw the use, production, and retention of weapons consisting of toxic chemicals. The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act outlaws the possession or use of toxic chemicals, except for peaceful purposes. In Bond v. United States, the Supreme Cour... | [
"On June 2, 2014, the United States Supreme Court overturned Carol Bond's conviction under the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act as a matter of congressional intent rather than Congress's constitutional authority. The Court concluded that Congress could not have intended the Act to reach \"run of the m... |
train_15201 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The size and role of the government is one of the most fundamental and enduring debates in American politics. Economics can be used to analyze the relative merits of government intervention in the economy in specific areas, but it cannot answer the question of whether there is "too much" or "too little" government acti... | [
"The appropriate size and role of the government is one of the most fundamental and enduring debates in American politics. What role does the state play in economic activity? How is the economy affected by government intervention? Many of the arguments surrounding the proper size of government are economic in natur... |
train_15202 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The budget reconciliation process is an optional procedure that operates as an adjunct to the budget resolution process established by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. The chief purpose of the reconciliation process is to enhance Congress's ability to change current law in order to bring revenue, spending, and deb... | [
"T his report identifies and briefly summarizes the 21 budget reconciliation measures enacted into law during the period covering 1980, when reconciliation procedures were first used by both chambers, through 2017. The budget reconciliation process is an optional procedure that operates as an adjunct to the budget ... |
train_15203 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 4, 2012, President Obama exercised his recess appointment power and appointed three individuals—Terrence F. Flynn, Sharon Block, and Richard F. Griffin, Jr.—to be members of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board). Whether the President had authority to make these appointments pursuant to the Rece... | [
"On January 4, 2012, President Obama exercised his recess appointment power and appointed three individuals—Terrence F. Flynn, Sharon Block, and Richard F. Griffin, Jr.—to be members of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board). Whether the President had authority to make these appointments pursuant to the... |
train_15204 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unlike natural gas or fuel oil, electricity cannot be easily stored. However, interest in electric power storage (EPS) has been growing with technological advancements that can make storage a more practical means of integrating renewable power into the electricity grid and achieving other operating benefits. This repor... | [
"Unlike natural gas or fuel oil, electricity cannot be easily stored. However, interest in electric power storage (EPS) has been growing with technological advancements that can make storage a more practical means of integrating renewable power into the electricity grid and achieving other operating benefits. This ... |
train_15205 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The global nature of the Internet offers expanded commercial opportunities for intellectual property (IP) rights holders but also increases the potential for copyright and trademark infringement. Piracy of the content created by movie, music, and software companies and sales of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs and cons... | [
"The Internet has become a central part of the American economy, delivering innovative products while eliminating the need for inefficient middlemen. However, the free flow of information facilitated by the Internet has also created problems with copyright and trademark infringement. The problem is significant; as ... |
train_15206 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for most of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and for agencies within other departments—including the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service within the Department of Health and Human Servic... | [
"This report focuses on FY2016 appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. It first presents a brief overview of the agencies in the bill. It then describes the appropriations enacted for FY2016 in Division G of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 ( P.L. 114-113 ), on December 18, 2015. Th... |
train_15207 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reports of alien minors being separated from their parents at the U.S. border have raised questions about the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) authority to detain alien families together pending the aliens' removal proceedings, which may include consideration of claims for asylum and other forms of relief from... | [
"R eports of alien minors being separated from their parents at the U.S. border—either when they have presented themselves at a port of entry to claim asylum or when they have been apprehended by authorities after unlawfully entering between ports of entry —have raised questions about the authority of the Departmen... |
train_15208 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has become increasingly integrated with the rest of the world economy. This integration has offered benefits and presented challenges to U.S. business, agriculture, labor, and consumers. Those who can compete in the more integrated economy have enjoyed opportunities to broaden their success, while tho... | [
"Over the past several years, the United States has become increasingly integrated with the world economy. In 2007, the United States was the world's largest exporter (at $1.6 trillion) and largest importer of goods and services (at $2.4 trillion). From 1960 to 2007, U.S. exports of goods and services as a share of... |
train_15209 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article 1, Section 2 of the Constitution sets a term of office of two years for all Members of the House. One House ends at the conclusion of each two-year Congress, and the newly elected Representatives must constitute a new House at the beginning of the next Congress. Consequently, the House must choose its Speaker a... | [
"The House of Representatives follows a well-established routine on the opening day of a new Congress. The proceedings include electing and swearing in the Speaker, swearing in Members, electing and swearing in House administrative officers, and adopting rules of procedure and various administrative resolutions. Re... |
train_15210 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tax reform and deficit reduction are two issues being considered by the 112th Congress. In recent months, a number of groups have published various plans for tackling the nation's growing deficits. On September 19, 2011, President Obama submitted recommendations to the Joint Select Committee for Deficit Reduction. This... | [
"The 112 th Congress is currently considering various options for tax reform and deficit reduction. In recent years, deficits have reached historically high levels relative to the size of the economy, leading to concerns over fiscal sustainability in the long run. A balanced approach to deficit reduction could invo... |
train_15211 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was comprehensively reauthorized by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95) on December 10, 2015. The Title I-A program is the largest grant program authorized under the ESEA and was funded at $14.9 billion for FY2016. It is designed to provide supplementary ... | [
"The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is the primary source of federal aid to elementary and secondary education. Title I-A is the largest program in the ESEA, funded at $14.9 billion for FY2016. Title I-A is designed to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other ... |
train_15212 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal government spending on HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is estimated at $23.3 billion in FY2008. Of the total, 63%is for treatment programs; research programs receive 13%; prevention programs receive 14%, andincome support programs receive 10%. The Administrat... | [
"Untreated HIV infection leads to a gradual deterioration of the immune system and leavesaffected individuals susceptible to the opportunistic infections and cancers that typify AIDS. Since1981, a cumulative total of 1,014,797 AIDS cases in the United States and dependent areas havebeen reported to the Centers for ... |
train_15213 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 31, 2017, President Donald J. Trump announced the nomination of Judge Neil M. Gorsuch of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Tenth Circuit) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court of the United States created by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016. Judge Gorsuch was appointed to the Ten... | [
"O n January 31, 2017, President Donald J. Trump announced the nomination of Judge Neil M. Gorsuch of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Tenth Circuit) to fill the vacancy on the Supreme Court of the United States created by the 2016 death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Judge Gorsuch was appointed to the ... |
train_15214 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The manner in which staff are deployed within an organization may reflect the missions and priorities of that organization. This report provides staffing levels in Senators' Senate committee, leadership, and other offices since 1977. From 1977 to 1986, Senate staff, excluding state-based staff, increased from 3,397 to ... | [
"T he manner in which staff are deployed within an organization may reflect the missions and priorities of that organization. In Congress, employing authorities hire staff to carry out duties in Member-office, committee, leadership, and other settings. The extent to which staff in those settings change may lend ins... |
train_15215 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One common concern about federal agencies is the speed with which they are able to issue and implement regulations. Federal regulatory schemes can be quite complex, and establishing rules and completing adjudications can sometimes require substantial agency resources and significant amounts of time. However, critics po... | [
"Congress maintains an active interest in the effective implementation of regulatory systems adopted by federal agencies. A common concern is the pace at which agencies establish rules and complete adjudications. Commentators and courts have noted that agency delay can impact the effectiveness of a regulatory syste... |
train_15216 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bush Administration conducted a review of U.S. nuclear weapons force posture during its first year in office. The review sought to adjust U.S. nuclear posture to address changes in the international security environment at the start of the new century. Although it continued many long-standing policies and programs,... | [
"During the Cold War, the United States maintained nuclear forces that were sized and structured to deter any attack by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, and if deterrence failed, to defeat the Soviet Union. In the years since the 1989 collapse of the Berlin wall and 1991 demise of the Soviet Union, offi... |
train_15217 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | S. 147 / H.R. 309 , companion bills introduced in the 109th Congress,represent an effort to accord to Native Hawaiians a means of forming a governmental entity thatcould enter into government-to-government relations with the United States. This entity would beempowered to negotiate with the State of Hawaii and with the... | [
"Native Hawaiian recognition bills have been considered in the 106th-108th Congresses,and at least one of the bills has been reported in each Congress (see Table 1 below). (128) All the billsprovided for a recognition process very similar to that in S. 147 and H.R. 309 , but differed in various other provisions, in... |
train_15218 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Arbitration is a method of legal dispute resolution in which a neutral, private third party, rather than a judge or jury, renders a decision on a particular matter. Under a growing number of consumer and employment agreements, companies have come to require arbitration to resolve disputes. While arbitration is often vi... | [
"Under a growing number of consumer and employment agreements, companies are requiring disputes to be resolved through arbitration, a method of dispute resolution involving a neutral, private third party, rather than a judicial proceeding. In 2015, for example, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that te... |
train_15219 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 23, 2005, during President George W. Bush's second term, then-Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Joshua B. Bolten issued a memorandum to the heads of agencies. The memorandum announced that OMB would involve itself systematically in some aspects of how agencies execute laws related to mandatory spend... | [
"On May 23, 2005, during the first year of President George W. Bush's second term, OMB issued a memorandum to the heads of departments and agencies. (See Appendix A for a facsimile of the memorandum.) Joshua B. Bolten, Director of OMB at that time, wrote that \"effective immediately,\" OMB would involve itself syst... |
train_15220 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress periodically establishes agricultural and food policy in an omnibus farm bill. The 115th Congress faces reauthorization of the 2014 farm bill—the Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79, H.Rept. 113-333)—because many of its provisions expire in 2018. The 2014 farm bill is the most recent omnibus farm bill. It wa... | [
"T he farm bill is an omnibus, multi-year law that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. Although agricultural policies are sometimes created and changed by freestanding legislation or as part of other major laws, the farm bill provides a predictable opportunity for policymakers to comprehensively and... |
train_15221 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reports of "waste, fraud, and abuse" in federal contracting often prompt questions about what the government can do to hold its vendors accountable for failure to perform as required under their contracts, or for legal violations or other misconduct unrelated to contract performance. Broadly speaking, the government ca... | [
"Reports of \"waste, fraud, and abuse\" in federal contracting often prompt questions about what the government can do to hold its vendors accountable for failure to perform as required under their contracts, or for legal violations or other misconduct unrelated to contract performance. Because agencies rely extens... |
train_15222 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For at least a decade, the use of snowmobiles in Yellowstone and other national parks has been controversial because of the potential impacts on wildlife and, until recently, the absence of standards for snowmobile emissions and noise. The National Park Service has attempted to address the issue by developing Winter Us... | [
"During the final year of the Clinton Administration, proposals by the National Park Service to enforce long-standing policies that regulated the use of snowmobiles in national parks raised a number of questions regarding the potential regulation of such vehicles. These questions continue to be debated, as the Nati... |
train_15223 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a brief overview of the major tax and spending policy changes set to take effect under current law at the end of 2012 or early in 2013. Collectively, these policies have been referred to by some as the "fiscal cliff." Extending current revenue policies (e.g., extending the Bush tax cuts) and changi... | [
"The federal budget deficit has exceeded $1 trillion in each of the last three fiscal years and is expected to exceed that level in FY2012. Concern over these large deficits, as well as the long-term trajectory of the federal budget, has resulted in significant debate during the 112 th Congress over how to achieve ... |
train_15224 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Shadow banking refers to financial firms and activities that perform similar functions to those of depository banks. Although the term is used to describe dissimilar firms and activities, a general policy concern is that a component of shadow banking could be a source of financial instability, even though that componen... | [
"One view of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 is that it was not centered in traditional banking. The term shadow banking \" ... refers to credit intermediation involving leverage and maturity transformation that is partly or wholly outside the traditional banking system.\" That is, shadow banking substitutes at l... |
train_15225 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 9/11 Commission made a number of recommendations to improve the quality ofintelligenceanalysis. A key recommendation was the establishment of a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) position tomanage the national intelligenceeffort and serve as the principal intelligence adviser to the President -- along with a s... | [
"RS21948 -- The Director of National Intelligence and Intelligence Analysis Updated February 11, 2005 The fundamental responsibility of intelligence services is to provide information to support policymakers and military commanders. In reviewing theperformance of the U.S. Intelligence Community prior to the terrori... |
train_15226 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-161) was the measure used by Congress and the President to wrap up action on the regular appropriations acts in late 2007. On December 19, 2007, Congress completed action on the act, and it was signed into law by President Bush on December 26, 2007. Previously, action... | [
"Congress continues to take a strong interest in the health of the U.S. research and development (R&D) enterprise, and in providing sustained support for federal R&D activities. The federal government has played an important role in supporting R&D efforts that have led to scientific breakthroughs and new technologi... |
train_15227 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses one of several approaches to the issue of rising gasoline prices put forward in the 109th Congress. S. 2557 was introduced on April 6, 2006, by Senator Specter, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, reported by that committee on April 27, but was not scheduled for floor action. The bill soug... | [
"Section 2 would have addressed the problem of regional shortages of petroleum and natural gas products by amending the Clayton Act to make it unlawful for \"any person to refuse to sell, or to export or divert, existing supplies of petroleum, gasoline, or other fuel derived from petroleum or natural gas with the p... |
train_15228 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bush Administration is expected to submit a proposal for a civilian reserve with the February 2008 budget request. On June 1, 2006, CRS gathered a group of experts on the recruitment and deployment of civilians to peacekeeping operations, now generally referred to by the broader term "stabilization and reconstructi... | [
"In its quest to enhance the U.S. government's capacity to address future conflict settlements, the Bush Administration seeks congressional support for the establishment of a multi-component, civilian \"ready reserve\" for peacebuilding abroad. The Bush Administration is expected to present a concrete proposal for ... |
train_15229 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Airlines outsource maintenance to countries like China and El Salvador to achieve cost savings from the comparatively lower wages and from lower costs to build and maintain repair facilities. In some cases, particularly in China, government investment and other incentives, along with backing from national airlines, hav... | [
"The passenger airline industry in the United States has gone through significant changes since deregulation in 1978. In domestic operations, airlines now have almost total freedom to determine which markets to serve and what airfares to charge. Competitive forces, as well as higher fuel prices and changing travel ... |
train_15230 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | New Zealand is a close partner of the United States and welcomes a U.S. presence in the Asia-Pacific region. New Zealand and the United States engage each other across a broad spectrum of policy areas, including Islamist extremism, South Pacific regional issues, intelligence cooperation, and Antarctica. Issues for Cong... | [
"The United States and New Zealand work together in bilateral, regional, and global contexts to address common interests in the areas of defense, foreign affairs, and trade. Bilateral and multilateral military-to-military exercises involving the two countries have increased in number since the signing of the Wellin... |
train_15231 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On September 26, 2006, President Bush signed S. 2590, the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act, into law (P.L. 109-282). In an attempt to expand oversight of federal spending, including earmarks, the new law required the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to establish a publicly available online datab... | [
"On September 26, 2006, President Bush signed into law S. 2590 , the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act ( P.L. 109-282 ). According to supporters of the new law, P.L. 109-282 was an attempt to reduce \"wasteful and unnecessary spending\" by the federal government, including spending on funds earmar... |
train_15232 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 11, 2009, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees announced a conference agreement on H.R. 2346, a bill providing supplemental appropriations for the remainder of FY2009. The House passed the conference report (226 to 202) on June 16; the Senate passed it (91 to 5) on June 18. President Obama signed it i... | [
"On June 11, 2009, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees announced a conference agreement on H.R. 2346 , a bill providing supplemental appropriations for the remainder of FY2009. The House passed the conference report ( H.Rept. 111-151 ) with a vote of 226 to 202 on June 16; the Senate passed it (91 to 5) ... |
train_15233 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation(BOR), most of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. The BushAdministration requested $26.95 billion for th... | [
"The Bush Administration's FY2004 budget request, released February 3, 2003, budgetedEnergy and Water Development Programs at $26.95 billion. The FY2003 ConsolidatedAppropriations Resolution ( H.J.Res. 2 , P.L. 108-7 ) and the Emergency WartimeSupplemental Appropriations Act, 2003 ( P.L. 108-11 ) funded these progr... |
train_15234 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Containing scores of provisions affecting Medicare payments, payment rules, and covered benefits, H.R. 3962, as passed by the House on November 7, 2009, treats the Medicare program as both a funding source for health insurance reform and a tool to shape future changes in the way that health services are paid for and de... | [
"This report describes changes to the Medicare program made in H.R. 3962 , the Affordable Health Care for America Act, as passed by the House on November 7, 2009. H.R. 3962 contains numerous provisions affecting Medicare payments, payment rules, and covered benefits, and treats the Medicare program as both a fundin... |
train_15235 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress to provide FY2011 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS). It also provides an overview of FY2010 appropriations for agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual appropriation for CJS. The Consolidated Appropriations ... | [
"On February 11, 2011, the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 ( H.R. 1 ) was introduced in the House. The bill passed the House on February 19, 2011. The House-passed version of H.R. 1 would have provided a total of $60.065 billion agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual appropriation for Com... |
train_15236 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Puerto Rico lies approximately 1,000 miles southeast of Miami and 1,500 miles from Washington, DC. Despite being far outside the continental United States, the island has played a significant role in American politics and policy since the United States acquired Puerto Rico from Spain in 1898. Puerto Rico's political st... | [
"This report provides policy and historical background about Puerto Rico's political status —referring to the relationship between the federal government and a territorial one. Congress has not altered the island's status since 1952, when it approved a territorial constitution. Status is the lifeblood of Puerto Ric... |
train_15237 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets certain federal standards for the provision of health benefits under private-sector, employment-based health plans. These standards regulate the nature and content of health plans and include rules on health care continuation coverage as provided under the Consol... | [
"The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) provides a comprehensive federal scheme for the regulation of private-sector employee benefit plans. While ERISA does not require an employer to offer employee benefits, it does mandate compliance with its provisions if such benefits are offered. Besides ... |
train_15238 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A data security breach occurs when there is a loss or theft of, or other unauthorized access to, sensitive personally identifiable information that could result in the potential compromise of the confidentiality or integrity of data. Forty-six states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands have l... | [
"A data breach occurs when there is a loss or theft of, or other unauthorized access to, data containing sensitive personal information that results in the potential compromise of the confidentiality or integrity of data. The first state data security breach notification law was enacted in California in 2002. In re... |
train_15239 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the process of congressional oversight of executive agency regulatory action, concerns have been raised about the adequacy of the FDA's review of a genetically modified (GM) salmon. More specifically, concern has focused on whether and how potential environmental issues related to this GM salmon might be addressed. ... | [
"Farmers and scientists have a history of modifying animals to maximize desirable traits. Genetic modification is one of the current approaches for modifying animals to increase their beneficial traits. In the broadest sense, genetic modification refers to changes in an organism's genetic makeup not occurring in na... |
train_15240 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There have been three different versions of the homebuyer tax credit enacted since the summer of 2008. In July 2008, Congress enacted a first-time homebuyer tax credit as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289). The tax credit was originally set to expire on July 1, 2009. The American... | [
"There have been three different versions of the homebuyer tax credits enacted since the summer of 2008. In July 2008, Congress enacted a first-time homebuyer tax credit as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289 ). The tax credit was originally set to expire on July 1, 2009. The A... |
train_15241 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States remains the only major industrialized country in which a nonmetric measurement system is predominantly employed. Section 5164 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-418) amended the Metric Conversion Act to require federal agencies to use the metric system in their activities. ... | [
"The United States remains the only major industrialized country in which a nonmetric measurement system is predominantly employed. Thus, while miles, pounds, and degrees Fahrenheit (i.e., the English system of measurement) are widely used in the United States, kilometers, grams, and degrees Celsius are favored thr... |
train_15242 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the mid-1990s, new technologies have emerged that allow people to interact and share information through the Internet. Often called "social media," these platforms enable people to connect in ways that were non-existent, or widely unavailable 15 years ago. Examples of social media include blogs, chat rooms, discu... | [
"The term \"social media\" refers to Internet-based applications that enable people to communicate and share resources and information. Some examples of social media include blogs, discussion forums, chat rooms, wikis, YouTube channels, LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Social media can be accessed by com... |
train_15243 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A fundamental objective of congressional oversight is to hold executive officials accountable for the implementation of delegated authority. This objective is especially important given the huge expansion of executive influence in the modern era. If the Founding Fathers returned to observe their handiwork, they would l... | [
"A fundamental objective of congressional oversight is to hold executive officials accountable for the implementation of delegated authority. This objective is especially important given the huge expansion of executive influence in the modern era. If the Founding Fathers returned to observe their handiwork, they wo... |
train_15244 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal officers and employees historically have been subject to certain limitations when engaging in partisan political activities. Although they have always retained their right to vote and privately express political opinions, for most of the last century, they were prohibited from being actively involved in politic... | [
"Federal law, commonly known as the Hatch Act, regulates certain government employees' participation in partisan political activities. When enacting the current provisions regulating employees' political participation, Congress expressly stated that the policy underlying the statute recognized employees' right to e... |
train_15245 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The white collar crimes on the Supreme Court's 2015 docket consist of three Hobbs Act cases and one on computer fraud (Musacchio v. United States). The Hobbs Act outlaws robbery and extortion when committed in a manner which "in any way or degree" obstructs interstate commerce. One of the Hobbs Act cases before the Cou... | [
"The white collar crimes on the Supreme Court's 2015 docket consist of three Hobbs Act cases and one on computer fraud. The Hobbs Act outlaws robbery and extortion when committed in a manner which \"in any way or degree\" obstructs interstate commerce. One of the cases before the Court, Taylor v. United States , in... |
train_15246 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The tension between the benefits and challenges of encryption has been an issue for law enforcement and policymakers since the 1990s, and was reinvigorated in 2014 when companies like Apple and Google implemented automatic enhanced encryption on mobile devices and certain communications systems. Companies using such st... | [
"Encryption and other technologies can foster increased privacy and heightened security. Simultaneously they have been cited as presenting hurdles for law enforcement and intelligence officials. On the one hand, some contend that technological developments have resulted in a \" golden age of surveillance \" for law... |
train_15247 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Judgment Fund is a permanent, indefinite appropriation that was created by Congress in 1956 to pay judgments entered against the United States. Generally, the United States cannot be sued unless it has waived its sovereign immunity. Originally, such waivers were rare, so individual claims were assigned to congressi... | [
"The Judgment Fund (or Fund) is a permanent appropriation enacted by Congress in 1956. The Fund is an unlimited amount of money set aside to pay judgments against the United States. It is only accessible when the United States has waived its sovereign immunity and certain statutory conditions are met. The Fund has ... |
train_15248 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1985 and 2001, the Supreme Court grappled with issues as to the geographic scope of the wetlands permitting program in the federal Clean Water Act (CWA). In 2006, the Supreme Court rendered a third decision, Rapanos v. United States, on appeal from two Sixth Circuit rulings. The Sixth Circuit rulings offered the Cou... | [
"I n 2006, the Supreme Court decided Rapanos v. United States, the most recent and well-known of three Supreme Court decisions wrestling with the question of which wetlands are covered by the wetlands permitting program in the Clean Water Act (CWA). Since then, numerous decisions from the lower federal courts have ... |
train_15249 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When farm commodity prices fall and costs of production rise, farmers can get caught in a "farm price-cost squeeze." The potential for such a financial bind dates to the first half of the 20th century when farmers began purchasing more of their farm inputs such as fertilizers, improved seeds, and feed concentrates. Sin... | [
"When farm commodity prices fall and costs of production rise, farmers can get caught in a \"farm price-cost squeeze.\" The potential for such a financial bind dates to the first half of the 20 th century when farmers began purchasing more of their farm inputs such as fertilizers, improved seeds, and feed concentra... |
train_15250 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Monthly Social Security payments for retired workers, disabled workers, and all other beneficiaries are generally increased annually by a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA), which is based on growth in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), a measure of inflation calculated by the B... | [
"Monthly Social Security payments for retired workers, disabled workers, and all other beneficiaries are generally increased annually by a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) that is based on the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The COLA applies beginning with the second year t... |
train_15251 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The future of oil and natural gas production in Mexico is of importance for both Mexico's economic growth, as well as for U.S. energy security, a key congressional interest. Mexico is a top trade partner and the third-largest crude oil supplier to the United States. Mexico's state oil company, Petroleos Mexicanos (Peme... | [
"The United States has a strong economic interest in ensuring energy security, bolstering exports, and reducing barriers to U.S. trade and investment. The United States also has a national security and an economic interest in ensuring that Mexico, a key ally and top trade partner with which the United States shares... |
train_15252 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The bilateral relationship between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is vitally important, touching on a wide range of areas including, among others, economic policy, security, foreign relations, and human rights. U.S. interests with China are bound together much more closely now than even a few years a... | [
"November 15 - 18, 2009 — President Obama made his first official visit to China. During the visit, President Obama and PRC President Hu Jintao released a Joint Statement on U.S. and PRC interests in the 21 st century. October 5, 2009 —The Dalai Lama arrived in Washington as part of a U.S. visit which will not incl... |
train_15253 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act specified that military space activities be conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD). DOD and the intelligence community manage a broad array of space activities, including launch vehicle development, communications satellites, navigation satellites (the Global Positionin... | [
"On April 19, 2007, the Senate Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces held open and closed hearings on military space programs in review of the defense authorization request for fiscal 2008 and the Future Years Defense Program. The 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act specified that militar... |
train_15254 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 7, 2000, the Clinton Administration, as part of its annual budget request, asked Congress for FY2000 supplemental appropriations of $954 millionfor assistance to Colombia and other Andean counternarcotics efforts. FY2000 allocated funding for Colombia,from appropriations made in 1999, already totalssome $16... | [
"U.S. assistance to Colombia, virtually all of it related to counternarcotics efforts, has increased steadily sinceFY1995 (see Tables 1 and 6 ). The United States hasprovided equipment, supplies, and other aid for the counternarcotics efforts, initially largely to the ColombianNational Police (CNP), but recently in... |
train_15255 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As a result of falling age-specific mortality, life expectancy rose dramatically in the United States over the past century. Final data for 2003 (the most recent available) show that life expectancy at birth for the total population has reached an all-time American high level, 77.5 years, up from 49.2 years at the turn... | [
"This report considers population longevity in the United States, as measured by life expectancy. Life expectancy is the expected number of years to be lived, on average, by a particular cohort, if current mortality trends continue for the rest of that cohort's life. It most commonly refers to life expectancy at bi... |
train_15256 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill finances (1) military construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing operations and construction;(3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment Program; and (4) most base realignment andclosure costs. This report review... | [
"The military construction appropriations bill became Public Law 105-237 onSeptember 20, 1998. The conference report ( H.Rept. 105-647 ) for H.R. 4059 was passed by the House on July 27 and the Senate on September 1. Theconference recommended $8.450B. The conference committee added $666M to the President's request.... |
train_15257 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On August 31, 2015, the New York Times ran an article with the headline "Murder Rates Rising Sharply in Many U.S. Cities." The story highlighted double-digit percentage increases in homicide rates in several cities, and came on the heels of reports from other media outlets of recent spikes in violent crime in cities ac... | [
"O n August 31, 2015, the New York Times ( Times ) ran a story with the headline \"Murder Rates Rising Sharply in Many U.S. Cities.\" The Times reported that at least 35 cities had seen increases in violent crime compared to 2014, but the story specifically highlighted increases in reported homicides in 10 cities. ... |
train_15258 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 13, 2008, President Bush submitted to Congress a proposed agreement for nuclear cooperation with the Russian Federation. On September 8, the President announced that he was rescinding his certification of the proposed U.S.-Russia nuclear cooperation agreement. This action, in effect, withdrew the proposed agreem... | [
"On September 8, 2008, President George W. Bush officially notified Congress that, in light of military actions taken by the Russian Federation against the nation of Georgia, he was rescinding his statutorily required certification of the proposed U.S.-Russia nuclear cooperation agreement. The President's action, i... |
train_15259 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has been concerned about whether U.S. firms, in activities connected with exporting satellites, provided expertise to China for use in its ballistic missile and space programs and whetherU.S. policy has facilitated transfers of military-related technology to China. This CRS Reportdiscusses security concerns, p... | [
"Members of Congress were concerned about allegations that U.S. firms provided expertise tothe People's Republic of China (PRC) that could be used in its ballistic missile and space programsand that the Clinton Administration's policies on satellite exports facilitated legal or illegal transfersof military-related ... |
train_15260 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | While cotton, along with other major crops, has been subsidized by the U.S. federal government since the 1930s, cotton subsidies are now in the focus of an international spotlight. The nature andextent of these subsidies have become a roadblock in negotiating multilateral and bilateral tradeagreements. Sharp criticism ... | [
"Nationally, according to the Census of Agriculture, there were 24,805 U.S. farms producing cotton in 2002. (1) Out of this total, nearly 60% (14,476farms) were classified as specialized cottonfarms (because half or more of their commodity sales were cotton), and this group produced 70%of that year's total cotton c... |
train_15261 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd ., __ U.S. __, 125 S. Ct. 2372 (2005), the United States Supreme Court unanimously held that the preclinical use of patented inventions in drug research is exempted from patent infringement claims by the "safe harbor" provision of the Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(1). (Mer... | [
"In Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd ., __ U.S. __, 125 S. Ct. 2372 (2005) , the United States Supreme Court decided, without dissent, that the patent law's safe harbor provision exempts from infringement the preclinical use of patented inventions in drug research. Without this legal immunity, pharmaceutic... |
train_15262 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2009, U.S. dairy producers have been caught in a classic "price-cost squeeze," with farm milk prices declining sharply from record highs while feed costs remain high. From January through September 2009, the all-milk price received by farmers was 36% below a year earlier, when prices were near a record high. Meanwhi... | [
"U.S. dairy producers are caught in a classic \"price-cost squeeze,\" with farm milk prices declining sharply from record highs while feed costs remain high. From January through September 2009, the all-milk price received by farmers was 36% below a year earlier. (The all-milk price is the weighted average farm pri... |
train_15263 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States is currently recovering from a broad recession that is considered the longest-lasting economic downturn since World War II. Various indicators of economic strength, such as the unemployment rate and foreclosures, reached their worst showings in decades during the recession and the following months. Th... | [
"The United States is recovering from a broad recession that is considered the longest-lasting economic downturn since World War II. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) determined that the recession officially began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009, followed by a period of recovery. While NBER de... |
train_15264 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As Congress weighs comprehensive immigration reform legislation that would likely include additional border and interior enforcement, a significant expansion of guest workers, and perhaps include increased levels of permanent immigration, some question whether the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) can handle the in... | [
"As Congress weighs comprehensive immigration reform legislation that would likely include strengthened enforcement measures, a significant expansion of guest workers, and perhaps include increased levels of permanent immigration, some question whether the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) can handle the increa... |
train_15265 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Consumer financial card fraud due to data breaches of card information is an ongoing problem in the United States. The majority of breaches are carried out against point-of-sale (POS) systems, and are facilitated by what many consider to be the weak link in the U.S. retail sales payment process: the continued use of ma... | [
"American consumers increasingly rely on credit and debit cards to pay for goods and services. Between 1997 and 2011, card payments rose from accounting for 23% of payments to 48%. During the same period, payment by cash and checks dropped from 70% to 35%. In 2011, consumers made 49 billion debit transactions total... |
train_15266 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Civilians in Africa's conflict zones—particularly women and children, but also men—are often vulnerable to sexual violence, including rape, assault, mutilation, and sexual slavery. This violence is carried out by a range of actors, including government security forces, rebel groups, militias, and criminal organizations... | [
"Civilians in Africa's conflict zones—particularly women and children, but also men—are often vulnerable to sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault, mutilation, forced prostitution, sexual slavery, and other abuses. Some incidences appear to be opportunistic, the product of a larger breakdown in the rule of... |
train_15267 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Privacy Rule, which was promulgated pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, comprises a set of federal standards governing the use of personal health information. The Privacy Rule generally applies to individually identifiable health information created and maintained by... | [
"The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 was enacted to improve the availability and continuity of health insurance coverage; promote long-term care insurance and the use of health savings accounts; and combat waste, fraud, and abuse, particularly in Medicare and Medicaid. Many of th... |
train_15268 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As more attention is being focused on juvenile offenders, some question whether the justice system is dealing with this population appropriately. Since the late 1960s, the juvenile justice system has undergone significant modifications resulting from U.S. Supreme Court decisions, changes in federal and state law, and t... | [
"As attention continues to focus on juvenile offenders, some question the way in which they are treated in the U.S. criminal justice system. Since the late 1960s, the juvenile justice system has undergone significant modifications as a result of United States Supreme Court decisions, changes in federal and state la... |
train_15269 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security provides monthly cash benefits to retired or disabled workers and their family members and to the family members of deceased workers. Those benefits were exempt from federal income tax, but in 1983, Congress approved recommendations from the National Commission on Social Security Reform (also known as t... | [
"T he Social Security system provides monthly benefits to qualified retirees, disabled workers, and their spouses and dependents. Before 1984, Social Security benefits were exempt from the federal income tax. Congress then enacted legislation to tax a portion of those benefits, with the share gradually increasing a... |
train_15270 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nearly 20% of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and over who were admitted to a hospital in 2005 were readmitted within 30 days following their initial discharge. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) estimated that these readmissions cost the Medicare program as much as $15 billion per year and that perhaps a... | [
"Policy-makers and patient advocates are concerned that Medicare patients are cycling in and out of acute care hospitals too frequently and that high hospital readmission rates may be a marker of poor quality of care. Nearly 20% of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and over who were hospitalized in 2005 were readmitte... |
train_15271 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, staffing the branch with life-tenured and salary-protected judges. Amongst the powers of the federal judiciary is the power of "judicial review"—that is, the power to invalidate the acts of other branches of government and the states ... | [
"Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, consisting of the Supreme Court and of any \"inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.... \" To staff such courts, the Constitution empowered life-tenured and salary-protected judges to adjudicat... |
train_15272 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense (DOD) conducts research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT&E) in support of its mission requirements. The work funded by these appropriations plays a central role in the nation's security and an important role in U.S. global leadership in science and technology. DOD alone accounts for ... | [
"Figure 1. DOD Share of Federal R&D Source: CRS analysis of FY2017 data from Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2019. The Department of Defense (DOD) receives nearly 40% of all federal research and development (R&D) appropriations, and more than 43% that of the next largest... |
train_15273 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA) is the primary federal legislation that supports basic education for out-of-school adults. Commonly called "adult education," the programs and activities funded by AEFLA typically support educational services at the secondary level and below, as well as English langua... | [
"Under the authorization of the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA), the federal government makes grants to states to support services to improve literacy and other basic skills among adults who are not enrolled in school. Commonly called \"adult education,\" the activities funded by AEFLA provide educa... |
train_15274 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House Judiciary Committee has approved an amended version of the Clean Up Government Act (H.R. 2572). The Senate has passed nearly identical provisions as Title II of the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (STOCK Act; S. 2038). Title II, however, was dropped from the bill prior to its enactment as P.L. 112... | [
"On February 2, 2012, the Senate passed S. 2038 , the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act). Title II of the STOCK Act, added as the Leahy-Cornyn amendment on the Senate floor, carries forward much of what had appeared in S. 401 , when it emerged from the Senate Judiciary Committee. Title ... |
train_15275 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a statutory mission to ensure the safety of all food except for meat, poultry, and certain egg products over which the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has regulatory oversight. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), the FDA has the authority to regu... | [
"T he U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a statutory mission to ensure the safety of all food except for meat, poultry, and certain egg products over which the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has regulatory oversight. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), the FDA has the authority t... |
train_15276 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Presidential claims of a right to preserve the confidentiality of information and documents in the face of legislative demands have figured prominently, though intermittently, in executive-congressional relations since at least 1792. Few such interbranch disputes over access to information have reached the courts for s... | [
"Presidential claims of a right to preserve the confidentiality of information and documents in the face of legislative demands have figured prominently, though intermittently, in executive-congressional relations since at least 1792, when President Washington discussed with his Cabinet how to respond to a congress... |
train_15277 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes affect communities across the United States every year, causing fatalities, destroying property and crops, and disrupting businesses. Tornadoes are the most destructive products of severe thunderstorms, and second only to flash flooding as the cause for most thunderstorm-related fatal... | [
"Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes affect communities across the United States every year, causing fatalities, destroying property and crops, and disrupting businesses. State and local governments are typically the first to respond to the consequences of extreme weather events, but the federal government has respo... |
train_15278 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The "Great Recession" and the ensuing weak recovery have led the Federal Reserve (Fed) to expand its monetary policy tools. Since December 2008, overnight interest rates have been near zero; at this "zero bound," they cannot be lowered further to stimulate the economy. As a result, the Fed has taken unprecedented polic... | [
"In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the Federal Reserve (Fed) reduced the federal funds rate to a range of 0% to 0.25% by December 2008, exhausting its conventional monetary tool. With the economy still exhibiting large amounts of slack and recovery prospects weak, the Fed experimented over the ... |
train_15279 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The current statutory structure with respect to complaints against federal judges and judicial discipline was enacted on November 2, 2002, as the Judicial Improvements Act of 2002, P.L. 107-273, 28 U.S.C. §§ 351-364. These provisions are applicable to federal circuit judges, district judges, bankruptcy judges, and magi... | [
"In both the 110 th and the 111 th Congresses, the U.S. House of Representatives received a referral from the Judicial Conference of the United States reflecting its determination, after completion of the statutory federal judicial discipline process, that consideration of impeachment might be warranted with respec... |
train_15280 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 created the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Executive Order 12291, issued by President Reagan in 1981, gave OIRA the responsibility to review the substance of agencies' regulatory actions before publication in the ... | [
"The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is one of several statutory offices within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and can play a significant—if not determinative—role in the rulemaking process for most federal agencies. In addition to its many other responsibilities, OIRA currently revi... |
train_15281 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2006, the Bush Administration proposed legislation to create an exception for India from certain provisions of the Atomic Energy Act to facilitate a future nuclear cooperation agreement. After hearings in April and May, the House International Relations Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee cons... | [
"In July 2005, President Bush announced his intention to conclude a peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement with India. India, which is not a party to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), is considered under U.S. law to be a non-nuclear weapon state, yet has tested nuclear weapons and has an ongoing nuclear we... |
train_15282 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The detention of alleged enemy belligerents at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, together with proposals to transfer some such individuals to the United States for prosecution or continued detention, has been a subject of considerable interest for Congress. Several authorization and appropriations measure... | [
"Prompted in part by proposals to close the detention facility or transfer detainees to the United States, the continued detention of alleged enemy combatants at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, was the subject of considerable interest during the 111 th Congress. Seven enacted measures contain provis... |
train_15283 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies appropriations bill provides funding for the planning, design, construction, alteration, and improvement of facilities used by active and reserve military components worldwide. It capitalizes military family housing and the U.S. share of the NATO Securit... | [
"President Barack Obama did not submit a detailed appropriations request during the first weeks of his administration. Instead, he forwarded the outline of a budget request, stating In the little more than a month my Administration has had in office, we have not had the time to fully execute all the budget reforms ... |
train_15284 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International child custody disputes figure to increase in frequency as the global society becomes more integrated and mobile. A child custody dispute between two parents can become a diplomatic imbroglio between two countries. Thus in 2000, Members of Congress and Vice President Al Gore backed legislation to grant Cub... | [
"International child custody disputes figure to increase in frequency as the global society becomes more integrated and mobile. What is more, a child custody dispute between two parents can become a diplomatic imbroglio between two countries. In Abbott v. Abbott the U.S. Supreme Court will address an issue that has... |
train_15285 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The beginning of FY2016 has seen an uptick in the number of alien minors apprehended at the U.S. border without a parent or legal guardian in comparison to the same time period in the prior year. This increase has prompted renewed questions regarding so-called unaccompanied alien children (UACs), many of which were pre... | [
"R ecent reports regarding an uptick in the number of alien minors apprehended at the U.S. border without a parent or legal guardian have prompted renewed questions regarding so-called unaccompanied alien children (UACs). Many of these questions were previously raised in FY2013-FY2014, when a significant number of ... |
train_15286 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Reserve's (Fed's) current statutory mandate calls for it to "promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates." Some economists have argued that this mandate should be replaced with a single mandate of price stability. Often the proposal for a single ... | [
"The recent financial crisis and deep economic recession have led to criticisms of the Federal Reserve's (Fed's) handling of both. Critics have blamed the Fed for pursuing policies that allowed the housing bubble to inflate, for lax regulation of financial firms and mortgage markets that led to excessive speculatio... |
train_15287 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 14, 2011, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was arrested at John F. Kennedy Airport and charged with the attempted rape, criminal sexual assault, and unlawful imprisonment of a maid at the New York City Sofitel hotel. He resigned on May 18, 2011. Mr. Strauss-... | [
"On May 14, 2011, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was arrested at John F. Kennedy Airport and charged with the attempted rape, criminal sexual assault, and unlawful imprisonment of a maid at the New York City Sofitel hotel. Indicted by a grand jury on several ... |
train_15288 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | South Asia emerged in the 21st century as increasingly vital to core U.S. foreign policy interests. India, the region's dominant actor with more than 1 billion citizens, is often characterized as a nascent great power and "indispensable partner" of the United States, one that many analysts view as a potential counterwe... | [
"The United States does not just believe, as some people say, that India is a rising power; we believe that India has already risen. India is taking its rightful place in Asia and on the global stage. And we see India's emergence as good for the United States and good for the world. -President Barack Obama, Mumbai,... |
train_15289 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the mid-1970s, the House and Senate have convened early organization meetings in November or December of even-numbered years to prepare for the start of the new Congress in January. The purposes of these meetings are both educational and organizational. Educational sessions range from legislative procedures and s... | [
"As the complexities of the problems facing America have increased, Congress has responded the way hundreds of their constituents have, by going back to school. Early organization and orientation have provided Members a \"leg up\" in addressing pressing needs. When the first Congress convened over 200 years ago, fa... |
train_15290 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The FY2006 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for two agencies within other departments—the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service within the Depar... | [
"On August 2, 2005, H.R. 2361 , the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for FY2006, was enacted as P.L. 109-54 . The law contained a total of $26.20 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. The law also contained $1.50 billion in supplemental funds to cover a shortfall in ... |
train_15291 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Advocates of cutting corporate tax rates frequently make their argument based on the higher statutory rate in the United States as compared with the rest of the world; they argue that cutting corporate taxes would induce large investment flows into the United States, which would create jobs or expand the taxable income... | [
"Advocates of cutting corporate tax rates frequently make their argument based on the higher statutory rate observed in the United States as compared with the rest of the world. Sometimes the higher rate alone is used as an argument, and in other cases the arguments include claims that cutting corporate taxes would... |
train_15292 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pakistan, a key U.S. ally in global efforts to combat Islamist militancy, is facing a serious capital crisis. In the autumn of 2008, Pakistan was in urgent need of an estimated $4 billion in capital to avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. The elected government of President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Yousaf... | [
"A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; stability in neighboring Afghanistan; democratization and human rights protection; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; and economic developme... |
train_15293 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The energy choices before Congress represent vastly different demands on domestic freshwater because water is used in varying amounts in most aspects of the energy sector. Transitions in the energy sector, such as the pursuit of greater energy independence and security, produce changes in how much and where the energy ... | [
"The nation's energy choices embody many tradeoffs. Water use is one of those tradeoffs. The energy sector is the fastest-growing water consumer in the United States. Projections attribute to the energy sector 85% of the growth in domestic water consumption between 2005 and 2030. This projected growth derives from ... |
train_15294 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The central issue before Congress with respect to living organ donation is how to balance the needs of people seeking organs with one another, and with the needs of potential organ donors. While the majority of organs are harvested from deceased donors, an increasing number of donations are made by living donors each y... | [
"The issue of living organ donation is important to Congress because it represents one important set of possibilities for balancing the needs of people seeking organs with one another, and with the needs of potential organ donors. On one side of the balance, the drive to increase the supply of transplantable organs... |
train_15295 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The information and communications technology (ICT) industry has evolved greatly over the last half century. The technology is ubiquitous and increasingly integral to almost every facet of modern society. ICT devices and components are generally interdependent, and disruption of one may affect many others. Over the pas... | [
"T he information technology (IT) industry has evolved greatly over the last half century. Continued, exponential progress in processing power and memory capacity has made IT hardware not only faster but also smaller, lighter, cheaper, and easier to use. The original IT industry has also increasingly converged with... |
train_15296 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against an otherwise qualified individual with a disability solely by reason of disability in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by an executive agency or the U.S. Postal Service... | [
"Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against an otherwise qualified individual with a disability solely by reason of disability in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by an executive agency or the U.S. Postal Se... |
train_15297 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A series of widely publicized incidents—from adulterated Chinese seafood imports to bacteria-tainted spinach, meat, and poultry produced domestically—have made food safety an issue in the 110th Congress. Numerous proposals were introduced in 2007 that would alter aspects of the current U.S. food safety system; some of ... | [
"The combined efforts of the food industry and the regulatory agencies often are credited with making the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. Nonetheless, public health officials have estimated that each year in the United States, 76 million people become sick, 325,000 are hospitalized, and 5,000 die fr... |
train_15298 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of the uniformed services and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal elections under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA, P.L. 99-410) of 1986. The law was enacted to improve absentee registration and voting for this group of voters and to... | [
"Federal efforts to assist members of the Armed Forces date to 1864, when President Abraham Lincoln issued an order to allow members of the military to return home to cast a ballot if they could not vote absentee according to the laws of their respective states. Eighteen states, all in the North, permitted soldiers... |
train_15299 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, P.L. 112-29, passed Congress following several years of legislative debate over patent reform. This attention to patent policy reflects a recognition of the increasing importance of intellectual property to U.S. innovation. Patent ownership is perceived as an incentive to the techno... | [
"Following several years of congressional debate over patent reform, P.L. 112-29 , the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act was passed in September 2011. This attention to patent policy reflects a recognition of the increasing importance of intellectual property to U.S. innovation. Patent ownership is perceived as an in... |
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