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3,300 | Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. : 1–5, 71 The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes d... | Electrical systems | 0.835039 |
3,301 | Number sense, concepts, and operations Measurement Geometry Spatial sense Algebraic thinking Data analysis Probability | Florida Teacher Certification Examinations | 0.835038 |
3,302 | Numerical Integration: Monte Carlo methods in high dimensions. Computational Geometry: Divide and conquer algorithms. Image Processing: Halftoning | Discrepancy of hypergraphs | 0.835037 |
3,303 | Many theorems which are provable using choice are of an elegant general character: the cardinalities of any two sets are comparable, every nontrivial ring with unity has a maximal ideal, every vector space has a basis, every connected graph has a spanning tree, and every product of compact spaces is compact, among many... | Axiom of Choice | 0.835035 |
3,304 | Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of its secondary and tertiary structure from primary structure. Structure prediction is different from the inverse problem of protein design. Protein structure prediction is... | Protein structure prediction | 0.835032 |
3,305 | His result for the multiple-group birthday proposition solves various related "collision problems", e.g. some types of P2P searching. He has also examined a variety of 1-dimensional covering problems (see review by Cyril Domb), generalizing the basic configuration to forms relevant to molecular biology. His covering in... | Michael Christopher Wendl | 0.835032 |
3,306 | As a result, a number of electrons are transferred from the valence band to the conduction band, and an equal number of holes are created in the valence band. Under the influence of an electric field, electrons and holes travel to the electrodes, where they result in a pulse that can be measured in an outer circuit, as... | Semiconductor detector | 0.835031 |
3,307 | Book III contains 56 propositions. Apollonius claims original discovery for theorems "of use for the construction of solid loci ... the three-line and four-line locus ...." The locus of a conic section is the section. The three-line locus problem (as stated by Taliafero's appendix to Book III) finds "the locus of point... | On Conic Sections | 0.835025 |
3,308 | In computational geometry, Klee's measure problem is the problem of determining how efficiently the measure of a union of (multidimensional) rectangular ranges can be computed. Here, a d-dimensional rectangular range is defined to be a Cartesian product of d intervals of real numbers, which is a subset of Rd. The probl... | Klee's measure problem | 0.835024 |
3,309 | Computers then produce simple, accurate summaries, and allow more tedious analyses, such as those that require inverting a large matrix or perform hundreds of steps of iteration, that would never be attempted by hand. Faster computing has allowed statisticians to develop "computer-intensive" methods which may look at a... | History of statistics | 0.835022 |
3,310 | DisProt 8 (2019): more than 1400 protein entries and over 3000 disordered protein regions. DisProt 8 also introduced the concept of a stable DisProt region identifier. DisProt has been widely used to train machine learning (ML) methods to predict disordered regions in proteins. | DisProt | 0.835021 |
3,311 | The functional analysis of genes and their coding sequences (open reading frames ) typically requires that each ORF be expressed, the encoded protein purified, antibodies produced, phenotypes examined, intracellular localization determined, and interactions with other proteins sought. In a study conducted by the life s... | Forensic genetics | 0.835018 |
3,312 | Besides visible light, stars emit forms of electromagnetic radiation that are invisible to the human eye. In fact, stellar electromagnetic radiation spans the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from the longest wavelengths of radio waves through infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, to the shortest of X-rays, and gamma r... | Star | 0.835016 |
3,313 | Greedy algorithms have a long history of study in combinatorial optimization and theoretical computer science. Greedy heuristics are known to produce suboptimal results on many problems, and so natural questions are: For which problems do greedy algorithms perform optimally? For which problems do greedy algorithms guar... | Exchange algorithm | 0.835016 |
3,314 | This subobject classifier functions like the set of all possible truth values. In the topos of sets, the subobject classifier is the set { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle \{0,1\}} , corresponding to "False" and "True". But in other topoi, the subobject classifier can be much more complicated. Lawvere and Tierney recognized that... | Mathematical space | 0.835016 |
3,315 | These include a number of viruses known to cause viral hemorrhagic fever such as Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Other pathogens handled at BSL-4 include Hendra virus, Nipah virus, and some flaviviruses. Additionally, poorly characterized pathogens which appear closely rela... | BSL 2 | 0.835014 |
3,316 | Elementary students were taught about sets, but: It will perhaps surprise most people who have studied these textbooks to discover that the symbol ∪ or ∩ representing union and intersection of sets and the special use of the brackets { } and so forth, all the elaborate notation for sets that is given in these books, al... | Richard Feynman | 0.835012 |
3,317 | 13,388 structures in the PDB have a 3DEM map file deposited in EM Data BankMost structures are determined by X-ray diffraction, but about 7% of structures are determined by protein NMR. When using X-ray diffraction, approximations of the coordinates of the atoms of the protein are obtained, whereas using NMR, the dista... | Protein Segment Finder | 0.834996 |
3,318 | The die geometry. The extrusion force normal to the die face or, the rate of die advance into the charge.The corresponding response parameters include: The required torque and power. The extrusion temperature. The extrusion rate in force controlled extrusion or the extrusion force in rate controlled extrusion. The extr... | Friction extrusion | 0.834991 |
3,319 | With experiment as a guide, you find Wenzel's equivalents, Mitscherlich's equivalents, they are nothing else but molecular groups. If I had the power, I would erase the word 'atom' from science, persuaded that it oversteps the evidence of experiment; and, in chemistry, we must never overstep the evidence of experiment. | Equivalent weight | 0.834991 |
3,320 | Another application of the law of averages is a belief that a sample's behaviour must line up with the expected value based on population statistics. For example, suppose a fair coin is flipped 100 times. Using the law of averages, one might predict that there will be 50 heads and 50 tails. While this is the single mos... | Law of averages | 0.834987 |
3,321 | Each possible quartet has different expected values for q1, q2, and q3: The expected values q1, q2, and q3 are all zero on the star topology (a quartet with an internal branch length of zero). For practicality, Holland et al. used least squares to solve for the q values. Empirical tests of the squangles method have bee... | Phylogenetic invariants | 0.834985 |
3,322 | The reason that reverse mathematics is not carried out using set theory as a base system is that the language of set theory is too expressive. Extremely complex sets of natural numbers can be defined by simple formulas in the language of set theory (which can quantify over arbitrary sets). In the context of second-orde... | Arithmetical transfinite recursion | 0.834978 |
3,323 | A consensus site is a term in molecular biology that refers to a site on a protein that is often modified in a particular way. Modifications may be N- or O- linked glycosylation, phosphorylation, tyrosine sulfation or other. == References == | Consensus site | 0.834977 |
3,324 | Collections of subgroups that are each maximal in one sense or another are common in group theory. The surprising result here is that in the case of Syl p ( G ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Syl} _{p}(G)} , all members are actually isomorphic to each other and have the largest possible order: if | G | = p n m {\displ... | Sylow's theorem | 0.834977 |
3,325 | The 2006 contest required entries to count word occurrences, but have vastly different runtimes on different platforms. To accomplish the task, entries used fork implementation errors, optimization problems, endian differences and various API implementation differences. The winner called strlen() in a loop, leading to ... | Underhanded C Contest | 0.834976 |
3,326 | In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers fo... | Fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups | 0.834975 |
3,327 | The cause that directly leads to BAL is unclear. Exposure to radiation, chemical exposure, virus and genetics are the primary reasons proposed by researchers. | Acute biphenotypic leukaemia | 0.834972 |
3,328 | Apparatus and Supplies for General Use. Introduction to Physics. Mechanics. | Tone variator | 0.834969 |
3,329 | It is helpful to use the analogy of a landscape: for a system with two degrees of freedom (e.g. two bond lengths), the value of the energy (analogy: the height of the land) is a function of two bond lengths (analogy: the coordinates of the position on the ground). The PES concept finds application in fields such as che... | Single-point energy | 0.834967 |
3,330 | Algebraic skills are exercised with trigonometric functions and trigonometric identities. The binomial theorem, polar coordinates, parametric equations, and the limits of sequences and series are other common topics of precalculus. Sometimes the mathematical induction method of proof for propositions dependent upon a n... | Precalculus | 0.834964 |
3,331 | The evaluation of binary classifiers compares two methods of assigning a binary attribute, one of which is usually a standard method and the other is being investigated. There are many metrics that can be used to measure the performance of a classifier or predictor; different fields have different preferences for speci... | Evaluation of binary classifiers | 0.834963 |
3,332 | Binary GCD algorithm: Efficient way of calculating GCD. Booth's multiplication algorithm Chakravala method: a cyclic algorithm to solve indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation Discrete logarithm: Baby-step giant-step Index calculus algorithm Pollard's rho algorithm for logarithms Pohlig–Hellman alg... | Combinatorial algorithms | 0.834963 |
3,333 | : 135–157 James Clerk Maxwell himself drew attention to this fact in his 1861 paper On Physical Lines of Force. In the latter half of Part II of that paper, Maxwell gave a separate physical explanation for each of the two phenomena.Although Einstein calls the asymmetry "well-known", there is no evidence that any of Ein... | Einstein's thought experiments | 0.834961 |
3,334 | These include, among others: the "is greater than", "is equal to", and "divides" relations in arithmetic; the "is congruent to" relation in geometry; the "is adjacent to" relation in graph theory; the "is orthogonal to" relation in linear algebra.A function may be defined as a special kind of binary relation. Binary re... | Left-unique relation | 0.834959 |
3,335 | Accelerated bioinformatics algorithms have played an important role in high throughput genomics, and DeCypher systems have been widely published as an enabling technology for genomic discovery in over 180 peer-reviewed scientific research articles, including the selected milestones below: In 1997, the annotation of the... | TimeLogic | 0.834958 |
3,336 | The naïve application of the aufbau principle leads to a well-known paradox (or apparent paradox) in the basic chemistry of the transition metals. Potassium and calcium appear in the periodic table before the transition metals, and have electron configurations 4s1 and 4s2 respectively, i.e. the 4s-orbital is filled b... | Electron configuration | 0.834956 |
3,337 | Depending on the architecture of the network the training problem can be either nonlinear-in-the-parameters which involves optimisation or linear-in-the-parameters which can be solved using classical approaches. The training algorithms can be categorised into supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning. Neural ... | Nonlinear system identification | 0.834949 |
3,338 | Paradoxes of set decomposition into smaller sets, related to the Banach–Tarski paradox. Radon's theorem that every four points in the plane can be partitioned into two subsets with intersecting convex hulls. Sperner's lemma on colorings of triangulations. | Combinatorial Geometry in the Plane | 0.834938 |
3,339 | In the tension-compression problem, the following equation shows the relationship between displacement u and force P: where L is length, A is the area of a cross-section, and E is Young's modulus. If the Young's modulus and force are uncertain, then To find upper and lower bounds of the displacement u, calculate the fo... | Interval finite element | 0.834937 |
3,340 | Such lookups take one instruction and two instruction cycles. Many functions can be modeled in this way. Optimization is facilitated by the relatively large program space of the PIC (e.g. 4096 × 14-bit words on the 16F690) and by the design of the instruction set, which allows embedded constants. | PIC microcontrollers | 0.834933 |
3,341 | In natural language processing, multinomial LR classifiers are commonly used as an alternative to naive Bayes classifiers because they do not assume statistical independence of the random variables (commonly known as features) that serve as predictors. However, learning in such a model is slower than for a naive Bayes ... | Multinomial logistic regression | 0.834933 |
3,342 | Next, transferring these advantages to otherwise vulnerable crop plants. Rice, which is one of the most vulnerable crops in terms of drought, has been successfully improved by the addition of the Barley hva1 gene into the genome using transgenetics. Drought resistance can also be improved through changes in a plant's r... | Domestication of plants | 0.834929 |
3,343 | These three proteins, although significantly simplified, covered the key steps in cellular locomotion. Through various mathematical techniques, solutions to the differential equations that described various regions of activity based on intracellular activity were found. The paper concludes by showing that the model pre... | Rho family | 0.834928 |
3,344 | Each element of a point group is either a rotation (determinant of M = 1), or it is a reflection or improper rotation (determinant of M = −1). The geometric symmetries of crystals are described by space groups, which allow translations and contain point groups as subgroups. Discrete point groups in more than one dimens... | Point group | 0.834926 |
3,345 | But as can be seen for the three-bit example and the four-bit 10002 (23), the number 2N will not itself be representable in a system limited to N bits, as it is just outside the N bits space (the number is nevertheless the reference point of the "Two's complement" in an N-bit system). Because of this, systems with maxi... | Two's complement | 0.834922 |
3,346 | Foundations of Physics. 15 (2): 175–184. Bibcode:1985FoPh...15..175C. | Moshe Carmeli | 0.834922 |
3,347 | The grid method can also be used to illustrate the multiplying out of a product of binomials, such as (a + 3)(b + 2), a standard topic in elementary algebra (although one not usually met until secondary school): Thus (a + 3)(b + 2) = ab + 3b + 2a + 6. | Grid method | 0.834918 |
3,348 | Machine learning (ML) involves training computer programs through exposure to large data sets and examples to learn from experience and solve problems. Machine learning can be used to generate and analyse data as well as make algorithmic calculations and has been applied to image and speech recognition, translations, t... | Automated decision | 0.834917 |
3,349 | An algebraic equation is an equation involving only algebraic expressions in the unknowns. These are further classified by degree. Linear equation – algebraic equation of degree one. | Outline of algebra | 0.834912 |
3,350 | Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6067. pp. | MilkyWay@home | 0.834909 |
3,351 | Many of the important mathematical applications of mirror symmetry belong to the branch of mathematics called enumerative geometry. In enumerative geometry, one is interested in counting the number of solutions to geometric questions, typically using the techniques of algebraic geometry. One of the earliest problems of... | Mirror manifold | 0.834904 |
3,352 | In particular, any bounded lattice can be endowed with both a meet- and a join- monoid structure. The identity elements are the lattice's top and its bottom, respectively. Being lattices, Heyting algebras and Boolean algebras are endowed with these monoid structures. | Complete monoid | 0.8349 |
3,353 | Maths B is considerably more theoretical than Maths A, requiring advanced algebra skills to successfully complete. It is a common prerequisite for science and engineering courses at Queensland Universities. Maths B (in some schools) can be studied at the same time with either Maths A or Maths C, but not both. Maths B g... | Mathematics education in Australia | 0.8349 |
3,354 | Caminalcules are commonly used in secondary school and undergraduate university curriculums as a tool for teaching principles of phylogeny and evolution. They can, for example, be used to illustrate the concepts of parsimony and convergent evolution.Students are typically asked to construct a phylogenetic tree based on... | Caminalcules | 0.834899 |
3,355 | In the (unrealistic) limit of "pure" ionic bonding, electrons are perfectly localized on one of the two atoms in the bond. Such bonds can be understood by classical physics. The forces between the atoms are characterized by isotropic continuum electrostatic potentials. Their magnitude is in simple proportion to the cha... | Atomic bonds | 0.834898 |
3,356 | For any five distinct collinear points A, B, C, D and E, if (A,B|D,E), then either (A,B|C,D) or (A,B|C,E). Perspectivities preserve separation.Since the Hilbert notion of "betweeness" has been removed, terms which were defined using that concept need to be redefined. Thus, a line segment AB defined as the points A and ... | Foundations of geometry | 0.834895 |
3,357 | In the sequel, the determinant 1 condition is not used consistently in the interest of greater generality. The complex classical groups are SL(n, C), SO(n, C) and Sp(n, C). A group is complex according to whether its Lie algebra is complex. | Classical Lie group | 0.834895 |
3,358 | ... Supplementary exercises at the end of each chapter expand the other exercise sets and provide cumulative exercises that require skills from earlier chapters.This text includes "Functions and Graphs in Applications" (Ch 0.6) which is fourteen pages of preparation for word problems. Authors of a book on finite fields... | Mathematical exercise | 0.834895 |
3,359 | Another effect of using second-order arithmetic is the need to restrict general mathematical theorems to forms that can be expressed within arithmetic. For example, second-order arithmetic can express the principle "Every countable vector space has a basis" but it cannot express the principle "Every vector space has a ... | Arithmetical transfinite recursion | 0.834891 |
3,360 | Cartesian coordinates are named for René Descartes, whose invention of them in the 17th century revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by equations involving the coordinates... | Rectangular coordinate system | 0.834891 |
3,361 | In an electrical engineering context the theorem is sometimes written with the energy density term u expanded as shown. This form resembles the continuity equation: ∇ ⋅ S + ϵ 0 E ⋅ ∂ E ∂ t + B μ 0 ⋅ ∂ B ∂ t + J ⋅ E = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {S} +\epsilon _{0}\mathbf {E} \cdot {\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} ... | Poynting theorem | 0.834889 |
3,362 | Groups, combinatorics & geometry (Durham, 2001). pp. 327–335. | Robert Arnott Wilson | 0.834888 |
3,363 | In 1990 the microbiologist Woese proposed the three-domain system that divided living things into bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, and thereby split the prokaryote domain. Archaea differ from bacteria in both their genetics and biochemistry. For example, while bacterial cell membranes are made from phosphoglycerides w... | Microorganism | 0.834884 |
3,364 | This leads to the fact that c must be 1. The modification of a large equation into smaller form is not difficult. However, an equation set with binary variables cannot be always solved by applying linear algebra. | Board puzzles with algebra of binary variables | 0.834883 |
3,365 | Since about 2002 Gundlach has done research in biophysics. In his bio-research he has pioneered nanopore sequencing technology. In 2008 his group demonstrated that a mutated version of the biological nanopore MspA could pass DNA and that it had the desired shape to identify individual nucleotides in single-stranded DNA... | Jens H. Gundlach | 0.834883 |
3,366 | Similarly, in a mutual nearest neighbor graph that links pairs of points in the plane that are each other's nearest neighbors, each connected component is a penny graph, although edges in different components may have different lengths.Every penny graph is a unit disk graph and a matchstick graph. Like planar graphs mo... | Penny graph | 0.834881 |
3,367 | 54 (14): 1–13. Bateman, Harry (1910b). "The Relation between Electromagnetism and Geometry". | Spherical wave transformation | 0.834879 |
3,368 | Given previously predicted partial peptide sequence, neural-network-based de novo peptide sequencing models will repeatedly generate the most probable next amino acid until the predicted peptide's mass matches the precursor mass. At inference time, search strategies such as beam search can be adopted to explore a large... | De novo peptide sequencing | 0.834874 |
3,369 | These conditions are: The first optimization problem in the sequence can be solved given the initial starting point. The locally convex region around the global optimum of each problem in the sequence includes the point that corresponds to the global optimum of the previous problem in the sequence.It can be shown induc... | Graduated optimization | 0.834874 |
3,370 | Then a new pair of basis points is selected, and the process is repeated. In the on-line (recognition) step, randomly selected pairs of data points are considered as candidate bases. For each candidate basis, the remaining data points are encoded according to the basis and possible correspondences from the object are f... | Geometric hashing | 0.834871 |
3,371 | The point of concurrency of the three axes is known as the origin of the particular space.Classical mechanics utilises many equations—as well as other mathematical concepts—which relate various physical quantities to one another. These include differential equations, manifolds, Lie groups, and ergodic theory. This arti... | Moment of mass | 0.834869 |
3,372 | ABCDE is the concatenation of AB with CDE, in symbols ABCDE = AB ^ CDE. Strings, and concatenation of strings can be treated as an algebraic system with some properties resembling those of the addition of integers; in modern mathematics, this system is called a free monoid. In 1956 Alonzo Church wrote: "Like any branch... | Concatenation theory | 0.834862 |
3,373 | In cellular biology, proteins act as intracellular signaling molecules by activating another protein in a signaling pathway. In order to do this, proteins can switch between active and inactive states, thus acting as molecular switches in response to another signal. For example, phosphorylation of proteins can be used ... | Molecular switch | 0.834861 |
3,374 | Hilbert's challenge sought an algorithm which finds all solutions of a Diophantine equation. A Diophantine equation is a more general case of Fermat's Last Theorem; we seek the integer roots of a polynomial in any number of variables with integer coefficients. Since we have only one equation but n variables, infinitely... | Algorithmically unsolvable problem | 0.83486 |
3,375 | For example, molecular dynamics (MD) is commonly used to analyze the dynamic movements of biological molecules. In 1975, the first simulation of a biological folding process using MD was published in Nature. Recently, protein structure prediction was significantly improved by a new machine learning method called AlphaF... | Structural Biology | 0.834859 |
3,376 | The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by... | Standard Solar Model | 0.834856 |
3,377 | Thābit believed that geometry was tied with the equality and differences of magnitudes of lines and angles, as well as that ideas of motion (and ideas taken from physics more widely) should be integrated in geometry.The continued work done on geometric relations and the resulting exponential series allowed Thābit to ca... | Thābit ibn Qurra | 0.834852 |
3,378 | In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( ) is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to d... | Algorithmic problem | 0.83485 |
3,379 | The telecommunication industry has also motivated advances in discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory and information theory. Formal verification of statements in logic has been necessary for software development of safety-critical systems, and advances in automated theorem proving have been driven by this n... | Discrete Mathematics | 0.834846 |
3,380 | Submillimetre astronomy is a relatively unexplored frontier in astronomy and reveals a Universe that cannot be seen in the more familiar visible or infrared light. It is ideal for studying the "cold Universe": light at these wavelengths shines from vast cold clouds in interstellar space, at temperatures only a few tens... | Atacama Pathfinder Experiment | 0.83484 |
3,381 | → To enter the Second year, students can have access at the ECPM having an interview, with a Master M1 in Physics with a speciality in Polymers or materials. → Admission to the CP2i class in the ECPM, after the Baccalaureate, or an equivalent foreign degree for the international students. There is no competitive exam, ... | École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux | 0.83484 |
3,382 | 1 Physics Opportunities"; (b) "Vol. 2 FCC-ee: The lepton collider"; (c) "Vol. 3 FCC-hh: The hadron collider"; and (d) "Vol. 4 The High-Energy LHC". | Future Circular Collider | 0.834838 |
3,383 | But although this scenario salvages conservation of energy, it violates gauge symmetry. Gauge symmetry requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the transformation V → V + C {\displaystyle V\rightarrow V+C} , which implies that no experiment should be able to measure the absolute potential, without reference... | Introduction to gauge theory | 0.834838 |
3,384 | The assessment of Mathematics is provided in both Chinese and English according to different needs of students. Every student from all schools have to apply this assessment. Assessment time:Primary three: 40 minutes Primary six: 50 minutes Secondary three: 65 minutesDimension:Number and Algebra Shape and Space Measures... | Territory-wide System Assessment | 0.834838 |
3,385 | Mitointeractome Psychogenomics: Process of applying the powerful tools of genomics and proteomics to achieve a better understanding of the biological substrates of normal behavior and of diseases of the brain that manifest themselves as behavioral abnormalities. Applying psychogenomics to the study of drug addiction, t... | Omics | 0.834836 |
3,386 | In any ring, 0 and 1 are idempotents. There are no other idempotents in fields and more generally in integral domains. However, the ring of the integers modulo n has 2k idempotents, where k is the number of distinct prime factors of n. A commutative ring in which every element is equal to its square (every element is i... | Squared modulus | 0.834835 |
3,387 | Moreover, the method is very sensitive to sample size, with PA suggesting more factors in datasets with larger sample sizes. Despite its shortcomings, this procedure performs very well in simulation studies and is one of Courtney's recommended procedures. PA has been implemented in a number of commonly used statistics ... | Exploratory Factor Analysis | 0.834832 |
3,388 | In mathematics and statistics, a fuzzy variable (such as "the temperature", "hot" or "cold") is a value which could lie in a probable range defined by some quantitative limits or parameters, and which can be usefully described with imprecise categories (such as "high", "medium" or "low") using some kind of scale or con... | Fuzzy concept | 0.834831 |
3,389 | : 13: 9–11: 40–41 At the time of the merger, Rhône-Poulenc's business included the pharmaceutical businesses Rorer, Centeon (blood products), and Pasteur Merieux (vaccines), the plant and animal health businesses Rhône-Poulenc Agro, Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, and Merial, and a 67 percent share in Rhodia, a special... | Sanofi | 0.834824 |
3,390 | Calculus. Vol. 2: Multi-Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra with Applications. | Vector subtraction | 0.834823 |
3,391 | Conversely, distinct elements of the kernel violate injectivity directly: if there would exist an element g ≠ e G ∈ ker f {\displaystyle g\neq e_{G}\in \ker f} , then f ( g ) = f ( e G ) = e H {\displaystyle f(g)=f(e_{G})=e_{H}} , thus f would not be injective. ker f is a subgroup of G and further it is a normal subg... | Kernel of a homomorphism | 0.834823 |
3,392 | The methods for separating viral nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and proteins, which are now the mainstay of virology, did not exist. Now there are many methods for observing the structure and functions of viruses and their component parts. Thousands of different viruses are now known about and virologists often specialize... | Molecular virology | 0.834822 |
3,393 | The study of Population genetics and Statistical genetics in order to link variation in genotype with a variation in phenotype. In other words, it is desirable to discover the genetic basis of a measurable trait, a quantitative trait, that is under polygenic control. A genome region that is responsible for a continuous... | Biostatistics | 0.83482 |
3,394 | In genome-wide association studies, the additive (or codominant) version of the test is often used. In the numerical example, the standardized test statistics for various weight vectors are and the Pearson chi-squared test gives a standardized test statistic of 2. Thus, we obtain a stronger significance level if the we... | Cochran–Armitage test for trend | 0.834819 |
3,395 | In seeking to explain atomic spectra, an entirely new mathematical model of matter was revealed. As far as atoms and their electron shells were concerned, not only did this yield a better overall description, i.e. the atomic orbital model, but it also provided a new theoretical basis for chemistry (quantum chemistry) a... | Atom physics | 0.834818 |
3,396 | For biotechnology identity replacement, gene sequencing and identity adjustments are common areas of research. With cutting-edge technology, it is possible to change the identity of a person or the identity of an offspring. With the advancement of science comes the ethical issues of cloning, identity change, and societ... | Identity replacement technology | 0.834813 |
3,397 | An algebraic solution of a polynomial equation is an expression involving the four basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), and root extractions. Such an expression may be viewed as the description of a computation that starts from the coefficients of the equation to be solved ... | Abel–Ruffini theorem | 0.834813 |
3,398 | The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian. It is based on numerous interviews with experts trying to build artificial intelligence systems, particular machine learning systems, that are aligned with human values. | The Alignment Problem | 0.834808 |
3,399 | Tree potentials and ground potentials 4. Soil conductivity changes 5. Groundwater chemistry changes 6. | Didier Sornette | 0.834806 |
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