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80,400 | WestEd's Reading Apprenticeship program is a research-based instructional framework that is supposed to improve the teaching effectiveness of content-area middle and high school teachers, literacy coaches, and teacher educators. The approach helps adolescent students become more confident, engaged, and strategic reader... | WestEd | 0.799867 |
80,401 | In it he made the suggestion of a probable ten-year period (i.e. that at every tenth year the number of spots reached a maximum). This paper at first attracted little attention, but Rudolf Wolf who was at that time the director of Bern observatory, was impressed so he began regular observations of sunspots. Schwabe's o... | Heinrich Schwabe | 0.799867 |
80,402 | Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI3. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry. It is a crystalline solid, which reacts vigorously with water to form hydroiodic acid and boric acid. Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extreme... | BI3 | 0.799866 |
80,403 | Mounted inboard, it is more difficult to arrange for cooling air to flow over the rotor and air ducting can be required to prevent brake fade. Inboard brakes also affect anti-pitch suspension geometry. There can be practical difficulties in servicing the brake mechanism. | Inboard brake | 0.799866 |
80,404 | In this case net energy may be transferred from the electron to the photon. The inverse Compton effect is seen in astrophysics when a low energy photon (e.g. of the cosmic microwave background) bounces off a high energy (relativistic) electron. Such electrons are produced in supernovae and active galactic nuclei. | Electron scattering | 0.799865 |
80,405 | Research at UCSF indicates that clioquinol appears to block the genetic action of Huntington's disease in mice and in cell culture.Recent animal studies have shown that clioquinol can reverse the progression of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. According to Siegfried Hekimi and colleagues at McGill's ... | Clioquinol | 0.799865 |
80,406 | Catalyst design in such a many-dimensional space is not a computationally viable task. Additionally, such optimization process would be far from intuitive. Scaling relations are used to decrease the dimensionality of the space of catalyst design. | Heterogeneous catalysis | 0.799865 |
80,407 | Coalescence (physics) shows how coalescing filters operating at lower temperatures and high pressures work better. These filters additionally remove particles. The most commonly used media in this case is borosilicate micro-fiber. | Coalescer | 0.799865 |
80,408 | Since a matching is a special case of a fractional matching, for every hypergraph H: Matching-number(H) ≤ fractional-matching-number(H) Symbolically, this principle is written: ν ( H ) ≤ ν ∗ ( H ) {\displaystyle \nu (H)\leq \nu ^{*}(H)} In general, the fractional matching number may be larger than the matching number. ... | Matching in hypergraphs | 0.799865 |
80,409 | University of Bristol "Mediapatterns" project Carnegie Mellon University, PhD program in Computation, Organizations and Society (COS) University of Chicago Certificate and MA in Computational Social Science George Mason University PhD program in CSS (Computational Social Sciences) MA program in Master's of Interdiscipl... | Computational sociology | 0.799865 |
80,410 | This theorem would describe naphthalene as an aromatic benzene unit bonded to a diene but not extensively conjugated to it (at least in the ground state), which is consistent with two of its three resonance structures. Because of this resonance, the molecule has bilateral symmetry across the plane of the shared carbon ... | Naphthalene | 0.799865 |
80,411 | Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption with an additional evaluation capability for computing over encrypted data without access to the secret key. The result of such a computation remains encrypted. Homomorphic encryption can be viewed as an extension of public-key cryptography. | Homomorphic encryption | 0.799865 |
80,412 | Michaël Gillon began his higher education at the age of twenty-four, after seven years of service in the Belgian army. "I finished high school at the age of seventeen, and I didn't feel ready - or motivated - to undertake education," he says. "Afterwards, I regretted it." He enrolled at the University of Liège and, in... | Michaël Gillon | 0.799864 |
80,413 | In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string such that no statistical test in the class can distinguish between the output of the generator and the uniform distributi... | Pseudorandom generators | 0.799864 |
80,414 | Walter Houser Brattain (; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947. They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention. Brattain devoted much of hi... | Walter Houser Brattain | 0.799864 |
80,415 | For example, while a study by the Pew Research Center indicated that 72% of Americans are worried about increasing automation in the workplace, 80% of Swedes see automation and artificial intelligence (AI) as a good thing, due to the country's still-powerful unions and a more robust national safety net.In the U.S., 47%... | Automation | 0.799864 |
80,416 | Higher dimensional non-Euclidean spaces were put on a firm footing by Bernhard Riemann's 1854 thesis, Über die Hypothesen welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen, in which he considered a "point" to be any sequence of coordinates (x1, ..., xn). In 1908, Hermann Minkowski presented a paper consolidating the role of time a... | Four dimensional space | 0.799864 |
80,417 | Edge colorings of complete graphs may be used to schedule a round-robin tournament into as few rounds as possible so that each pair of competitors plays each other in one of the rounds; in this application, the vertices of the graph correspond to the competitors in the tournament, the edges correspond to games, and the... | Chromatic index | 0.799864 |
80,418 | In discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, the rotation distance between two binary trees with the same number of nodes is the minimum number of tree rotations needed to reconfigure one tree into another. Because of a combinatorial equivalence between binary trees and triangulations of convex polygons, r... | Rotation distance | 0.799864 |
80,419 | In either type, light is focused on the anterior surface of the patient's cornea and reflected back to a digital camera at the device. The topology of the cornea is revealed by the shape taken by the reflected pattern. A computer provides the necessary analysis, typically determining the position and height of several ... | Corneal topography | 0.799864 |
80,420 | Subfields within imaging science include: image processing, computer vision, 3D computer graphics, animations, atmospheric optics, astronomical imaging, biological imaging, digital image restoration, digital imaging, color science, digital photography, holography, magnetic resonance imaging, medical imaging, microdensi... | Scientific imaging | 0.799864 |
80,421 | Concise Encyclopedia of Supersymmetry and Noncommutative Structures in Mathematics and Physics is a fundamental authoritative text in specialized areas of contemporary mathematics and physics. This is an English language reference work which consists of around 800 original articles by around 280 scientists under the gu... | Concise Encyclopedia of Supersymmetry and Noncommutative Structures in Mathematics and Physics | 0.799863 |
80,422 | Methods by which artificial neural networks may alter their structure without simulated mutation and fitness selection have been developed. A dynamically evolving neural network is one approach, as the creation of new connections and new neurons can be modeled as the system adapts to new data. This enables the network ... | Computational neurogenetic modeling | 0.799863 |
80,423 | Between 1856 and 1872, Browning acquired provisional patents for designs of numerous scientific instruments. He was also the recipient of an award at the 1862 International Exhibition held in London. He was recognised for his temperature-compensated aneroid barometer. Browning's scientific instruments were used in phys... | John Browning (scientific instrument maker) | 0.799863 |
80,424 | The Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open-source artificial intelligence ecosystem of technology companies and research organizations that establish open standards for representing machine learning algorithms and software tools to promote innovation and collaboration in the AI sector. ONNX is available on Git... | Open Neural Network Exchange | 0.799863 |
80,425 | In probability theory, if a large number of events are all independent of one another and each has probability less than 1, then there is a positive (possibly small) probability that none of the events will occur. The Lovász local lemma allows one to relax the independence condition slightly: As long as the events are ... | Lovász local lemma | 0.799863 |
80,426 | In genetics, when multiple copies of a beneficial mutation become established and fix together it is called soft sweep. Depending on the origin of these copies, linked variants might then be retained and emerge as haplotype structures in the population. There are two major forms of soft sweeps: 1) A beneficial mutation... | Soft selective sweep | 0.799862 |
80,427 | The multi-exponential representation corresponds to a division of the pore space into n {\displaystyle n} main groups based on S / V {\displaystyle S/V} (surface-to-volume ratio) values. Due to the pore size variations, a non-linear optimization algorithm with multi-exponential terms is used to fit experimental data. U... | Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media | 0.799862 |
80,428 | The electrons that move through a metal or semiconductor behave like free electrons of a Fermi gas with a plane wave-like wave function, that is ψ k ( r ) = 1 Ω e i k ⋅ r {\displaystyle \psi _{\mathbf {k} }(\mathbf {r} )={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\Omega }}}e^{i\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} }} .Electrons in a metal behave diffe... | Friedel oscillations | 0.799862 |
80,429 | If V is a vector space over a field F, then the cofree coalgebra C (V), of V, is a coalgebra together with a linear map C (V) → V, such that any linear map from a coalgebra X to V factors through a coalgebra homomorphism from X to C (V). In other words, the functor C is right adjoint to the forgetful functor from coalg... | Cofree coalgebra | 0.799862 |
80,430 | The whole is other than the sum of its parts. It is argued then that no simulation of the system can exist, for such a simulation would itself constitute a reduction of the system to its constituent parts. Physics lacks well-established examples of strong emergence, unless it is interpreted as the impossibility in prac... | Emergent property | 0.799862 |
80,431 | Supporters of the Solutrean hypothesis had pointed to the presence of haplogroup X2, the global distribution of which is strongest in Anatolia and the northeast of America, a pattern they argue is consistent with their position. Michael Brown in a 1998 article identified this as evidence of a possible Caucasian founder... | Solutrean hypothesis | 0.799862 |
80,432 | J." Thomson, studied Physics at Owens College, Manchester aged 14, went on to run the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge and was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics.In 2004, the two separate departments of Physics at the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Tech... | Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester | 0.799861 |
80,433 | As(N3)3 can be prepared from the fluoride exchange route, and the resulting crystal structure has EO bridging of two of the azido groups, giving a coordination number of 7 and an infinite zig-zag chain structure. However, the solution state 14N NMR of As(N3)3 confirms that this compounds are in fact monomeric in soluti... | Homoleptic azido compounds | 0.799861 |
80,434 | He then attended the University of California, Berkeley, for his PhD, which he got in 2004 under the supervision of Umesh Vazirani.Aaronson had shown ability in mathematics from an early age, teaching himself calculus at the age of 11, provoked by symbols in a babysitter's textbook. He discovered computer programming a... | Scott Aaronson | 0.799861 |
80,435 | Warren's research group is renowned for having produced some of the most successful organic chemistry academics in the UK, including: Professor Nick Greeves (University of Liverpool) Professor Varinder Aggarwal, Professor Paul Wyatt (University of Bristol) Professor Jonathan Clayden (University of Bristol, formerly Uni... | Stuart Warren | 0.799861 |
80,436 | His books, journal papers, and U.S. patents have received a total of 42,058 citations according to Google Scholar®, and his h-index is reported as 68 (Google Scholar). According to a Google Scholar search conducted in September 2012 by the Institute of Optics of the University of Rochester, Taflove's Computational Elec... | Allen Taflove | 0.799861 |
80,437 | Let V be a finite set of n symbols (alphabet). Let X denote the set V Z {\displaystyle V^{\mathbb {Z} }} of all bi-infinite sequences of elements of V together with the shift operator T. We endow V with the discrete topology and X with the product topology. A symbolic flow or subshift is a closed T-invariant subset Y o... | Subshift of finite type | 0.799861 |
80,438 | Thurston's classification applies to homeomorphisms of orientable surfaces of genus ≥ 2, but the type of a homeomorphism only depends on its associated element of the mapping class group Mod(S). In fact, the proof of the classification theorem leads to a canonical representative of each mapping class with good geometri... | Nielsen-Thurston classification | 0.79986 |
80,439 | Bayes procedures with respect to more general prior distributions have played a very important role in the development of statistics, including its asymptotic theory." "There are many problems where a glance at posterior distributions, for suitable priors, yields immediately interesting information. Also, this techniqu... | Bayesian methods | 0.79986 |
80,440 | The goal of a map coloring problem is to color a map so that regions sharing a common border have different colors. It can be expressed in OptimJ as follows. Readers familiar with Java will notice a strong similarity with this language. Indeed, OptimJ is a conservative extension of Java: every valid Java program is als... | OptimJ | 0.79986 |
80,441 | Biochemical blood tests determine the amount of typical markers of renal function in the blood serum, for instance serum urea, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine. Biochemistry can also be used to determine serum electrolytes. Special biochemical tests (arterial blood gas) can determine the amount of dissolved gases ... | Urologic disease | 0.79986 |
80,442 | Therefore, for synthetic elements the total nucleon count of the most stable isotope (i.e., the isotope with the longest half-life) is listed in brackets, in place of the standard atomic weight. When the term "atomic weight" is used in chemistry, usually it is the more specific standard atomic weight that is implied. I... | Standard atomic weight | 0.799859 |
80,443 | Beginning in 2019, the Organic Geochemistry Division of the Geochemical Society is given an annual award in Hayes's name to a mid-career scientist for outstanding accomplishments that draw together multiple fields of investigation to advance biogeochemical science. == References == | John M. Hayes (scientist) | 0.799859 |
80,444 | Contact is a geometric notion; it can be defined algebraically as a valuation. One speaks also of curves and geometric objects having k-th order contact at a point: this is also called osculation (i.e. kissing), generalising the property of being tangent. (Here the derivatives are considered with respect to arc length.... | Contact (mathematics) | 0.799859 |
80,445 | The odd girth and even girth of a graph are the lengths of a shortest odd cycle and shortest even cycle respectively. The circumference of a graph is the length of the longest (simple) cycle, rather than the shortest. Thought of as the least length of a non-trivial cycle, the girth admits natural generalisations as the... | Circumference (graph theory) | 0.799858 |
80,446 | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic is one of the reasons why 1 is not considered a prime number. Other reasons include the sieve of Eratosthenes, and the definition of a prime number itself (a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers. ). | Arithmetic operation | 0.799858 |
80,447 | The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes and schools. It is the largest learned microbiological society in Europe. Interests of its members inclu... | Microbial Genomics | 0.799858 |
80,448 | The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants (New York: Springer-Verlag) Sabin, Jenny E. and Peter Lloyd Jones (2008). 'Nonlinear Systems Biology and Design: Surface Design', in Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA), Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and ... | Digital morphogenesis | 0.799858 |
80,449 | Membranome database provides structural and functional information about more than 6000 single-pass (bitopic) transmembrane proteins from Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. Bitopic membrane proteins consist of a sin... | Membranome database | 0.799857 |
80,450 | Let τ1 and τ2 be two topologies on a set X such that τ1 is contained in τ2: τ 1 ⊆ τ 2 {\displaystyle \tau _{1}\subseteq \tau _{2}} .That is, every element of τ1 is also an element of τ2. Then the topology τ1 is said to be a coarser (weaker or smaller) topology than τ2, and τ2 is said to be a finer (stronger or larger) ... | Finer topology | 0.799857 |
80,451 | Nuclear medicine procedures are performed by Nuclear Medicine Radiographers, who require extensive training both in underlying principles (physics, instrumentation) but also in the clinical applications. Nursing support, especially in the hospital setting, is valuable, but may be shared with other services. Nuclear med... | Nuclear medicine physician | 0.799856 |
80,452 | Geological subsidence because of poor geology, mining or oil extraction. Inadequate capacity of discharge pipework because of blocking or corrosion. Inadequate design for actual rainfall events | Reservoir safety | 0.799855 |
80,453 | The order topology makes S into a completely normal Hausdorff space. Since the lexicographical order on S can be proven to be complete, this topology makes S into a compact space. At the same time, S contains an uncountable number of pairwise disjoint open intervals, each homeomorphic to the real line, for example the ... | Lexicographic order topology on the unit square | 0.799855 |
80,454 | Treatment with the experimental bacterial vaccines was capable to eliminate trichomoniasis in 28% of infected patients and resolved or alleviated many of the examined urogenital conditions. After this initial breakthrough, Újhelyi and his coworkers directed their efforts into the development and optimization of Gynevac... | Lactobacillus vaccine | 0.799854 |
80,455 | It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures, without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering around in a dark labyrinth.In 1591 François Viète published In Artem Analyticem Isagoge, which... | Scientific revolutions | 0.799854 |
80,456 | The rotation group SO(3) is of rank one, and thus has one Casimir operator. It is three-dimensional, and thus the Casimir operator must have order (3 − 1) = 2 i.e. be quadratic. Of course, this is the Lie algebra of A 1 . | Universal enveloping algebra | 0.799854 |
80,457 | In software engineering, a bottleneck occurs when the capacity of an application or a computer system is limited by a single component, like the neck of a bottle slowing down the overall water flow. The bottleneck has the lowest throughput of all parts of the transaction path. System designers try to avoid bottlenecks ... | Bottleneck (software) | 0.799854 |
80,458 | The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots. There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots but there is general agreement among experts, and the public, that robots tend to possess some or all of the following abilities and fun... | Robot | 0.799854 |
80,459 | Using the computation graph offers another dimension optimization to the computation in Owl. Besides, the computation graph also bridges Owl application and hardware accelerators such as GPU and TPU. Later, the computation graph becomes a de facto intermediate representation. | Owl Scientific Computing | 0.799854 |
80,460 | Shrinkage fields is a random field-based machine learning technique that aims to perform high quality image restoration (denoising and deblurring) using low computational overhead. | Shrinkage Fields (image restoration) | 0.799853 |
80,461 | Astronomy North is a Canadian astronomical society for auroras. They collaborate with the project Aurora Max and the Canadian Space Agency. | Astronomy North | 0.799853 |
80,462 | Conversely, for any finite-dimensional Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} , there exists a corresponding connected Lie group G {\displaystyle G} with Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} . This is Lie's third theorem; see the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula. This Lie group is not determined uniquel... | Ideal of a Lie algebra | 0.799853 |
80,463 | Let's note P(s) the probability density function (PDF) of the photon path length s. The relation can be written as follows: g 2 ( τ ) − 1 = 2 {\displaystyle g_{2}(\tau )-1=^{2}} with k 0 = 2 π n λ {\displaystyle k_{0}={\frac {2\pi n}{\lambda }}} and l ∗ {\displaystyle l*} is the transport mean free path of scattered l... | Diffusing-wave spectroscopy | 0.799853 |
80,464 | They are used in many disciplines, including robotics, automatic control, economics and manufacturing. The name of MDPs comes from the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov as they are an extension of Markov chains. At each time step, the process is in some state s {\displaystyle s} , and the decision maker may choose an... | Markov Decision Process | 0.799853 |
80,465 | The International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics is an academic conference devoted to applications of group theory to physics. It was founded in 1972 by Henri Bacry and Aloysio Janner. It hosts a colloquium every two years. The ICGTMP is led by a standing committee, which helps select winners for th... | International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics | 0.799853 |
80,466 | Zaitsev received his M.Sc. degree in radio engineering from the Moscow Mining University in 1967 and his Ph.D. (1981) and his postdoctoral lecture qualification (1997) in radar astronomy from the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Science in Moscow. He was a member of the Space Guard Fou... | Alexander Zaitsev (astronomer) | 0.799852 |
80,467 | The case k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} can be proved by the Borsuk-Ulam theorem.When k {\displaystyle k} is an odd prime number, the proof involves a generalization of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem.When k {\displaystyle k} is a composite number, the proof is as follows (demonstrated for the measure-splitting variant). Suppose k ... | Necklace splitting problem | 0.799852 |
80,468 | Instead of spending time on homework he studied the history and philosophy of science and was very interested in astronomy and astrophysics. During his high school years he also developed a deep appreciation of literature and music. Later he added the visual arts, ballet, and architecture to that list. | Ted Janssen | 0.799852 |
80,469 | As with other branches of statistics, experimental design is pursued using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches: In evaluating statistical procedures like experimental designs, frequentist statistics studies the sampling distribution while Bayesian statistics updates a probability distribution on the parameter spac... | Design of Experiments | 0.799852 |
80,470 | A quantum master equation is a generalization of the idea of a master equation. Rather than just a system of differential equations for a set of probabilities (which only constitutes the diagonal elements of a density matrix), quantum master equations are differential equations for the entire density matrix, including ... | Quantum master equation | 0.799852 |
80,471 | Albert Heck was born in Goes, Netherlands. He studied chemistry at the VU University in Amsterdam, and received his PhD degree from the University of Amsterdam in 1993. After a postdoctoral period at Stanford University in the lab of Richard Zare and Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore) he became a postdoctoral fel... | Albert J. R. Heck | 0.799852 |
80,472 | The lecture courses in mathematics that she took in her first year were: Introduction to Higher Mathematics given by Georg Feigl; Analytical Geometry and Projective Geometry both given by Ludwig Bieberbach, Differential and Integral Calculus given by Erhard Schmidt, and the Theory of Numbers given by Friedrich Schur. S... | Hanna Neumann | 0.799852 |
80,473 | In 1924 Ingold moved to the University of Leeds where he spent six years as Professor of Organic Chemistry. He returned to London in 1930, and served for 24 years as head of the chemistry department at University College London, from 1937 until his retirement in 1961. During his study of alkyl halides, Ingold found evi... | Christopher Kelk Ingold | 0.799851 |
80,474 | Sterkiella histriomuscorum, formerly Oxytricha trifallax, is a ciliate species in the genus Sterkiella, known for its highly fragmented genomes which have been used as a model for ciliate genetics. | Oxytricha trifallax | 0.799851 |
80,475 | Once the hyperreal number system (an infinitesimal-enriched continuum) is in place, one has successfully incorporated a large part of the technical difficulties at the foundational level. Thus, the epsilon, delta techniques that some believe to be the essence of analysis can be implemented once and for all at the found... | Nonstandard calculus | 0.799851 |
80,476 | More precisely, for a given x in L, the unary operations x• and x\ are respectively the lower and upper adjoints of a Galois connection on L, and dually for the two functions •y and /y. By the same reasoning that applies to any Galois connection, we have yet another definition of the residuals, namely, x•(x\y) ≤ y ≤ x\... | Residuated lattice | 0.799851 |
80,477 | For example, one could reduce all the new elements of F relative to each other before adding them. If the leading terms of fi and fj share no variables in common, then Sij will always reduce to 0 (if we use only fi and fj for reduction), so we needn't calculate it at all. The algorithm terminates because it is consiste... | Buchberger algorithm | 0.799851 |
80,478 | N. David Mermin reports that an unconventional strategy based on abstract but simple math concepts is sufficient to teach quantum mechanics to students interested in quantum computing application rather than physics. Many of the issues that confound students of physics to not apply to this case and the mathematical bac... | Teaching quantum mechanics | 0.79985 |
80,479 | The ideal quadrilateral where the two diagonals are perpendicular to each other form an ideal square. It was used by Ferdinand Karl Schweikart in his memorandum on what he called "astral geometry", one of the first publications acknowledging the possibility of hyperbolic geometry. | Ideal point | 0.79985 |
80,480 | This improved a theorem of Bonnet who showed in 1855 that the diameter of a closed surface of positive Gaussian curvature is always bounded above by δ; in other words a geodesic realising the metric distance between two points cannot have length greater than δ. Rigidity. In 1927 Cohn-Vossen proved that two ovaloids – c... | Differentiable surface | 0.79985 |
80,481 | The DiscoDNC is an academic Java implementation of the network calculus framework. The RTC Toolbox is an academic Java/MATLAB implementation of the Real-Time calculus framework, a theory quasi equivalent to network calculus. The CyNC tool is an academic MATLAB/Symulink toolbox, based on top of the RTC Toolbox. The tool... | Network calculus | 0.799849 |
80,482 | A potion made from cockroaches is taken by millions of people in China, where the local authorities claim they have "remarkable effects". According to a government report, "more than 40 million people have been cured" of a variety of ailments after being prescribed the potion. However, there is no scientific evidence o... | Cockroach farming | 0.799849 |
80,483 | Common types of exploits include: Duping Duplicating items or money. Lag and disconnection exploits A game with inadequate lag handling may let players intentionally cause lag for themselves to cause an advantage. Similarly, a game that lets a player disconnect immediately with no consequences may let players exit a ga... | Video game exploit | 0.799849 |
80,484 | First, the representations of G are semisimple (completely reducible). This is a consequence of Maschke's theorem, which states that any subrepresentation V of a G-representation W has a G-invariant complement. | Representation space | 0.799848 |
80,485 | In computer science, the Floyd–Warshall algorithm (also known as Floyd's algorithm, the Roy–Warshall algorithm, the Roy–Floyd algorithm, or the WFI algorithm) is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a directed weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights (but with no negative cycles). A single execution ... | Floyd algorithm | 0.799848 |
80,486 | The origins of the virus and Elizabeth Greene are uncovered through a contact: in 1969 the government tested the virus' predecessor in Hope, Idaho, designed to target predetermined races. Although the entire town was infected, no ill effects manifested until Greene's infection. An anomaly in her body's biology accepted... | Prototype (video game) | 0.799848 |
80,487 | Kleene, a student of Church, introduced important realizability models of the Heyting arithmetic. In turn, his student Nels David Nelson established (in an extension of H A {\displaystyle {\mathsf {HA}}} ) that all closed theorems of H A {\displaystyle {\mathsf {HA}}} (meaning all variables are bound) can be realized. ... | Heyting arithmetic | 0.799848 |
80,488 | Peirce held that science achieves statistical probabilities, not certainties, and that spontaneity (absolute chance) is real (see Tychism on his view). Most of his statistical writings promote the frequency interpretation of probability (objective ratios of cases), and many of his writings express skepticism about (and... | Logic of relatives | 0.799848 |
80,489 | Currently, six technical working groups – permafrost, coastal processes, climate simulation, hydrology, Arctic biology and geospatial data – provide input for the development of the Arctic LCC Science Program, which will guide future project financing strategies. The draft plan will be published at the end of 2011. As ... | Landscape conservation cooperatives | 0.799847 |
80,490 | Furthermore, by the same principle, there is a number λ such that for all x in the annulus, the matrix has all eigenvalues greater than or equal to λ. One then takes α, as appearing in the proof, to be large relative to these bounds. Evans's book has a slightly weaker formulation, in which there is assumed to be a pos... | Strong maximum principle | 0.799847 |
80,491 | The spermatozoon is characterized by a minimum of cytoplasm and the most densely packed DNA known in eukaryotes. Compared to mitotic chromosomes in somatic cells, sperm DNA is at least sixfold more highly condensed.The specimen contributes with DNA/chromatin, a centriole, and perhaps also an oocyte-activating factor (O... | Human sperm | 0.799847 |
80,492 | Because of this homeomorphism, some authors call affine line the spectrum of k. If k is not algebraically closed, for example the field of the real numbers, the picture becomes more complicated because of the existence of non-linear irreducible polynomials. In this case, the spectrum consists of one closed point for ea... | Zariski dense | 0.799847 |
80,493 | In particular we can choose a vertex v with at most five neighbors that is different from a, b and c. Let G' be formed by removing v from G and retriangulating the face f formed by removing v. By induction, G' has a combinatorially isomorphic straight line re-embedding in which abc is the outer face. Because the re-emb... | Fáry's theorem | 0.799847 |
80,494 | The version for the EDSAC 2 was devised by Douglas Hartree of University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in 1961. Known as EDSAC 2 Autocode, it was a straight development from Mercury Autocode adapted for local circumstances and was noted for its object code optimization and source-language diagnostics which were ... | History of programming languages | 0.799847 |
80,495 | An example of a fully natural ecosystem might be a meadow or old-growth forest affected by fallout from a nuclear accident such as Chernobyl or Fukushima, while a semi-natural ecosystem might be a secondary forest, farm, reservoir, or fishery that is at risk of infection from some source of radionuclides.Basic herbaceo... | Radioecology | 0.799847 |
80,496 | In geometry, the truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 equilateral triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges (of two types). It can be constructed by truncating all 4 vertices of a regular tetrahedron at one third of the original edge length. A deeper truncation, removing a t... | Truncated tetrahedron | 0.799846 |
80,497 | In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of screening tests to identify drug users on welfare, potential mass shooters, and terrorists. The efficacy of screening tests can be analyzed using Bayes' theorem. Suppose that there is some binary screening procedure for an action V {\displaystyle V} that ... | Jurimetrics | 0.799846 |
80,498 | The sum, difference, and product of two simple functions are again simple functions, and multiplication by constant keeps a simple function simple; hence it follows that the collection of all simple functions on a given measurable space forms a commutative algebra over C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } . | Simple function | 0.799846 |
80,499 | Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane, abbreviated dcpe, is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C6H11)2PCH2CH2P(C6H11)2. It is a white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. The compound is used as a bulky and highly basic diphosphine ligand in coordination chemistry. == References == | 1,2-Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane | 0.799846 |
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