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81,000 | Antarafacial (Woodward-Hoffmann symbol a) and suprafacial (s) are two topological concepts in organic chemistry describing the relationship between two simultaneous chemical bond making and/or bond breaking processes in or around a reaction center. The reaction center can be a p- or spn-orbital (Woodward-Hoffmann symbo... | Antarafacial and suprafacial | 0.799734 |
81,001 | Advanced NFL Stats addressed the issue statistically, siding with Pinker and showing that differences in methodology could explain the two men's differing opinions.In an appearance for BBC World Service's "Exchanges At The Frontier" programme, an audience member questioned whether the virtuous developments in culture a... | Steven Pinker | 0.799734 |
81,002 | In recent years, advances in molecular techniques, genomics, cancer biology and sequencing technology have provided opportunities to discover and validate new biomarkers for prognosis, particularly molecular prognostic markers. The newly developed prognostic biomarker can roughly be divided into DNA, epigenetic, RNA, s... | Prognosis marker | 0.799734 |
81,003 | In 2020 the QS World University Rankings included the discipline of Petroleum Engineering for the first time. The ERA (Excellence in Research Australia) is the Australian Government’s attempt to assess research quality and impact. As a School focused largely on a single industry sector, its research outputs do not alig... | Australian School of Petroleum | 0.799734 |
81,004 | The reaction most often occurs at an aliphatic sp3 carbon center with an electronegative, stable leaving group attached to it (often denoted X), which is frequently a halide atom. The breaking of the C–X bond and the formation of the new bond (often denoted C–Y or C–Nu) occur simultaneously through a transition state i... | SN2 reaction | 0.799734 |
81,005 | Also of significance during his career, Bell, together with John Bradbury Sykes, M. J. Kearsley, and W. H. Reid, translated several volumes of the ten-volume Course of Theoretical Physics of Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, making these works available to an English-speaking audience in translation, all of which remain ... | John Stewart Bell | 0.799733 |
81,006 | Thomas, A. W., Rakowitz, D., & Rosoff, M. (December 31, 1954). Studies of the chemistry, formation and structure of certain aluminum soaps. | Arthur W. Thomas | 0.799733 |
81,007 | Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-55783-8. | AP Statistics | 0.799733 |
81,008 | The turnover exceeds 12 billion euros, the number of employees exceeds 13,000 units. Between 2017 and 2019, over 50 new innovative start-ups active in biotechnology were registered. | Biotechnology industry in Italy | 0.799732 |
81,009 | Beam Therapeutics Inc. is an American biotechnology company conducting research in the field of gene therapies and genome editing. The company is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In the development of therapies, the company relies on CRISPR and prime editing, whereby single nucleotides in a DNA sequence can b... | Beam Therapeutics | 0.799732 |
81,010 | The formula for factoring in the momentum is more complex than for decay but is most often built in with deep learning libraries such as Keras. Time-based learning schedules alter the learning rate depending on the learning rate of the previous time iteration. Factoring in the decay the mathematical formula for the lea... | Adaptive learning rate | 0.799732 |
81,011 | By the universal property of the product topology, we know that any family of continuous maps f i: X → Y i {\displaystyle f_{i}:X\to Y_{i}} determines a unique continuous map This map is known as the evaluation map. A family of maps { f i: X → Y i } {\displaystyle \{f_{i}:X\to Y_{i}\}} is said to separate points in X {... | Initial uniform structure | 0.799731 |
81,012 | Considered the greatest mathematician of ancient history, and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitely small and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems. These include the area of a circ... | Archimedes | 0.799731 |
81,013 | Environmental engineeringIs a job type that is a professional engineering discipline and takes from broad scientific topics like chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and also improve the health of living organisms and improve th... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.799731 |
81,014 | Most of the important attributes of the complex DFT, including the inverse transform, the convolution theorem, and most fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms, depend only on the property that the kernel of the transform is a principal root of unity. These properties also hold, with identical proofs, over arbitrary ri... | Number-theoretic transform | 0.799731 |
81,015 | The facilities and services at CSM are available to students, academic staff, research partners, and individuals and organisations from the business community. Short Courses and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) include Renewable Energy Industry Training Modules, and Quarry Shotfiring / Explosives Supervisor co... | Camborne School of Mines | 0.799731 |
81,016 | Artificial neural membrane (ANM) refers to a new class of functional structure developed through research adaptive and evolutionary neural networks and programmable materials. The greatest interest in ANM structures surround their potential as open architecture environments for the integration of microscale and nanosca... | Artificial neural membrane | 0.799731 |
81,017 | At the neural network level, it is thought that processes like lateral inhibition mediate the process of competitive selection.In many cases attention produces changes in the EEG. Many animals, including humans, produce gamma waves (40–60 Hz) when focusing attention on a particular object or activity.Another commonly u... | Visual attention | 0.79973 |
81,018 | The company was founded as a spin-off from North Carolina State University (NCSU) in 2015 with licensed CRISPR patents from the university. The company started with a $5 million convertible note from Tencent Holdings and North Carolina Biotechnology Center.In 2017, the company closed a $19 million Series A led by Artis... | Locus Biosciences | 0.79973 |
81,019 | L. E. J. Brouwer and Henri Lebesgue proved a special case of the theorem, when X {\displaystyle X} is a finite-dimensional real vector space. Heinrich Tietze extended it to all metric spaces, and Pavel Urysohn proved the theorem as stated here, for normal topological spaces. | Tietze extension theorem | 0.79973 |
81,020 | In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients arising in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra. In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, India, China, G... | Pascal's Triangle | 0.79973 |
81,021 | The generalized version was popularized by Hoffmeister & Bäck and Mühlenbein et al. Finding the minimum of this function is a fairly difficult problem due to its large search space and its large number of local minima. On an n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional domain it is defined by: f ( x ) = A n + ∑ i = 1 n {\displays... | Rastrigin function | 0.799729 |
81,022 | For many years he has served as head of the steering committee of the international RAMiCS conference series (formerly termed RelMiCS). Rudolf Berghammer is known for his work in relational mathematics, or Formal Methods of Programming, Semantics, Relational Methods in Computer Science. He developed the RelView system ... | Rudolf Berghammer | 0.799729 |
81,023 | This type of error is called sub-optimization and it results from working at too low a systems level. The system of locking is an emergent property that is observable only at the systems level of the pathosystem. Comparable biological emergents are the schooling of fish, and the flocking of birds, which cannot be obser... | Pathosystem | 0.799729 |
81,024 | Pullin, along with R. Gambini, has proposed a new interpretation of quantum mechanics, called the `Montevideo interpretation'. This name was chosen for its similarity with the more orthodox `Copenhagen interpretation' and a reference to the city of origin. The Montevideo interpretation is an alternative to the Copenhag... | Jorge Pullin | 0.799728 |
81,025 | The Destiny laboratory is the American-built laboratory module. It is used for medical, engineering, biotechnological, physics, materials science and Earth science research. Destiny also houses a back-up robotic work station, and was the first of the USOS laboratories to be delivered. It was delivered by STS-98 on Febr... | US Orbital Segment | 0.799728 |
81,026 | The corporate R&D division at Hyderabad leads BHEL's research efforts in a number of areas of importance to BHEL's product range. Research & product development (RPD) groups for each product group at the manufacturing divisions play a complementary role. BHEL has established Centres of Excellence for Simulators, Comput... | Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited | 0.799728 |
81,027 | 1991: He was promoted as Professor by Vietnam National Scientific Committee. 1999 - Now:o The founder of DAIBIO Company and DAIBIO Great Traditional Medicine Family Clinic. o President of the Research, Education and Transfer – Institute for Biotechnology in Vietnam. | Đái Duy Ban | 0.799728 |
81,028 | to summarize Copenhagen-type views, a saying often misattributed to Richard Feynman and which Mermin later found insufficiently nuanced. Mermin described the Copenhagen interpretation as coming in different "versions", "varieties", or "flavors".Some basic principles generally accepted as part of the interpretation incl... | Copenhagen interpretation | 0.799728 |
81,029 | In mathematics and physics, a tensor field assigns a tensor to each point of a mathematical space (typically a Euclidean space or manifold). Tensor fields are used in differential geometry, algebraic geometry, general relativity, in the analysis of stress and strain in materials, and in numerous applications in the phy... | Tensor analysis | 0.799727 |
81,030 | PARRY, another early chatterbot, written in 1972 by Kenneth Colby, attempting to simulate a paranoid schizophrenic. SHRDLU, an early natural language processing computer program developed by Terry Winograd at MIT from 1968 to 1970. SYSTRAN, a machine translation technology by the company of the same name, used by Yahoo... | List of artificial intelligence projects | 0.799727 |
81,031 | Coxeter. In 1878 William Kingdon Clifford introduced what is now termed geometric algebra, unifying Hamilton's quaternions with Hermann Grassmann's algebra and revealing the geometric nature of these systems, especially in four dimensions. The operations of geometric algebra have the effect of mirroring, rotating, tran... | Euclid's postulates | 0.799727 |
81,032 | She wrote the first academic book on the topic of Search User Interfaces (Cambridge University Press, 2009).Hearst is an Edge Foundation contributing author and a member of the Usage panel of the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.Hearst received her B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. in computer science, all from... | Marti Hearst | 0.799727 |
81,033 | Some philosophers and logicians disagree with the philosophical conclusions that Chaitin has drawn from his theorems related to what Chaitin thinks is a kind of fundamental arithmetic randomness. The logician Torkel Franzén criticized Chaitin's interpretation of Gödel's incompleteness theorem and the alleged explanatio... | Gregory Chaitin | 0.799727 |
81,034 | Unlike the informal example above, the examples below are sufficiently well-defined and tractable that explicit, formal computations can be performed. μ could be the normalized angle measure dθ/2π on the unit circle, and T a rotation. See equidistribution theorem; the Bernoulli scheme; the interval exchange transformat... | Measure-preserving dynamical system | 0.799727 |
81,035 | Brill's theorem: The sign of the discriminant is (−1)r2 where r2 is the number of complex places of K. A prime p ramifies in K if and only if p divides ΔK . Stickelberger's theorem: Δ K ≡ 0 or 1 ( mod 4 ) . {\displaystyle \Delta _{K}\equiv 0{\text{ or }}1{\pmod {4}}.} | Brill's theorem | 0.799727 |
81,036 | Distillation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. Continuous distillation is used widely in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. Such industries are the natural gas processing, petrochemical production, coal tar processing, liquor production, liquifie... | Continuous distillation | 0.799725 |
81,037 | CHRONOS pulls data from a database management system and stores it in a CHRONOS archive as text or XML files. All data can therefore be accessed and read without a Database Management System (DBMS), or CHRONOS itself, as it is in plain text format. This eliminates the need for maintaining a DBMS solely for reading pres... | Database preservation | 0.799725 |
81,038 | Mahler proved in 1953 that π is another such example.The proof proceeds by first establishing a property of irrational algebraic numbers. This property essentially says that irrational algebraic numbers cannot be well approximated by rational numbers, where the condition for "well approximated" becomes more stringent f... | Irrationality measure | 0.799725 |
81,039 | Polyhedron is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of inorganic chemistry. It was established in 1955 as the Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry and is published by Elsevier. | Polyhedron (journal) | 0.799725 |
81,040 | Lower switching latency means that more aggressive regulation can be employed. Support for SSE2 and SSE3 extended instructions. NX bit in PAE mode that prevents buffer overflow software bugs from being exploitable by viruses or attackers. Hardware support for SHA-1 and SHA-256 hashing. Hardware based "Montgomery multip... | VIA C7 | 0.799725 |
81,041 | There are several such popular "laws of statistics". The Pareto principle is a popular example of such a "law". It states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes, and is thus also known as the 80/20 rule. In business, the 80/20 rule says that 80% of your business comes from just 20% of your customer... | Empirical statistical laws | 0.799724 |
81,042 | Because of this, there will typically be one synthetic route in a synthesis involving such compounds that is more favorable than another. Phosphorus ylides are important reagents in organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of naturally occurring products with biological and pharmacological activities. Much of the... | Ylide | 0.799724 |
81,043 | The apparent magnitude scale in astronomy reflects the received power of stars and not their amplitude. Newcomers should consider using the relative brightness measure in astrophotography to adjust exposure times between stars. Apparent magnitude also integrates over the entire object, regardless of its focus, and this... | Apparent visual magnitude | 0.799724 |
81,044 | Gregory B. Baecher (2006) - Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland. Elected for reliability-based approaches to geotechnical and water-resources engineering. Howard R. Baum (2000) - Professor of Fire Protection Engineering at the University of Maryland and Scientist Emeritus at t... | Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering | 0.799724 |
81,045 | The University of Eos and the Auroran Robotics Institute were both located within Eos. After the decline of the Spacers, the planet's remaining inhabitants are believed to have emigrated to Trantor, settling in the Mycogen Sector. The descendants of the Aurorans, or Mycogenians, never forgot Aurora, but they apparently... | Foundation universe | 0.799723 |
81,046 | Soon after its founding, ZymoGenetics began working on recombinant proteins with Danish company Novo Nordisk, and was acquired by that company in 1988. It was spun off as a public company in 2000. | ZymoGenetics | 0.799722 |
81,047 | In mathematics and theoretical computer science, analysis of Boolean functions is the study of real-valued functions on { 0 , 1 } n {\displaystyle \{0,1\}^{n}} or { − 1 , 1 } n {\displaystyle \{-1,1\}^{n}} (such functions are sometimes known as pseudo-Boolean functions) from a spectral perspective. The functions studie... | Analysis of Boolean functions | 0.799722 |
81,048 | From the 1930s to the late 1950s, works by Vening-Meinesz, Holmes, Umbgrove, and numerous others outlined concepts that were close or nearly identical to modern plate tectonics theory. In particular, the English geologist Arthur Holmes proposed in 1920 that plate junctions might lie beneath the sea, and in 1928 that co... | Continental Drift | 0.799722 |
81,049 | Two months later, in October 2007 he was given another grant for "The regularity method for directed graphs." 3 years later in October 2010, he was given a grant for "Problems in Extremal Graph Theory." In June 2012, he had received a grant for "Edge-colourings and Hamilton decompositions of graphs." | Deryk Osthus | 0.799722 |
81,050 | The sequent calculus is the chief alternative to natural deduction as a foundation of mathematical logic. In natural deduction the flow of information is bi-directional: elimination rules flow information downwards by deconstruction, and introduction rules flow information upwards by assembly. Thus, a natural deduction... | Introduction rule | 0.799722 |
81,051 | The two principal curvatures at a given point of a surface are the eigenvalues of the shape operator at the point. They measure how the surface bends by different amounts in different directions from that point. We represent the surface by the implicit function theorem as the graph of a function, f, of two variables, i... | Gauss curvature | 0.799721 |
81,052 | Specifically, they worked on special cases of the Bieberbach conjecture, for which they gave a proof that the third coefficient satisfied the conjectured estimate (a result already proved by Charles Loewner). Their goal was to give a proof for the fourth coefficient, but their approach would have required the numerical... | Albert Charles Schaeffer | 0.799721 |
81,053 | Total quantities, combining both small-signal and large-signal quantities, are denoted using lower case letters and uppercase subscripts. For example, the total input voltage to the aforementioned transistor would be denoted as v I N ( t ) {\displaystyle v_{\mathrm {IN} }(t)} . The small-signal model of the total signa... | Small-signal modeling | 0.799721 |
81,054 | Nicole F. Steinmetz is a German–American biomedical engineer. She is a Full Professor in Biomaterials at the University of California, San Diego and Founding Director of the Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering (nanoIE). Her research earned her Fellowship nominatioons from the American Institute for Medical and Biological... | Nicole Steinmetz | 0.79972 |
81,055 | Thus, the S-layer protein can represent up to 15% of the whole protein content of a cell. S-layer proteins are poorly conserved or not conserved at all, and can differ markedly even between related species. Depending on species, the S-layers have a thickness between 5 and 25 nm and possess identical pores with 2–8 nm i... | S-layer | 0.79972 |
81,056 | A ring in which there is no strictly decreasing infinite chain of left ideals is called a left Artinian ring. It is a somewhat surprising fact that a left Artinian ring is left Noetherian (the Hopkins–Levitzki theorem). The integers, however, form a Noetherian ring which is not Artinian. | Mathematical ring | 0.79972 |
81,057 | Differential inclusions can be used to understand and suitably interpret discontinuous ordinary differential equations, such as arise for Coulomb friction in mechanical systems and ideal switches in power electronics. An important contribution has been made by A. F. Filippov, who studied regularizations of discontinuou... | Differential inclusion | 0.79972 |
81,058 | This emulsion layer sits upon what is called the support, which can be paper, metal, film, or as in the case of photographic plates, glass. Depending upon the period, there can be variants to the binder and thus, the chemistry of the image. This is extremely important with the conservation and restoration of photograph... | Conservation and restoration of photographic plates | 0.79972 |
81,059 | In graph theory, a rooted tree is a directed graph in which every vertex except for a special root vertex has exactly one outgoing edge, and in which the path formed by following these edges from any vertex eventually leads to the root vertex. If T {\displaystyle T} is a tree in the descriptive set theory sense, then i... | Branch (descriptive set theory) | 0.79972 |
81,060 | The accessible surface area (ASA) or solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) is the surface area of a biomolecule that is accessible to a solvent. Measurement of ASA is usually described in units of square angstroms (a standard unit of measurement in molecular biology). ASA was first described by Lee & Richards in 1971 ... | Solvent Accessible Surface | 0.799719 |
81,061 | Recall that any vector space V over a field has a basis; this is a set S such that any element of V is a unique (finite) linear combination of elements of S. In the formulation of Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem we consider bases of which the elements are totally ordered by some relation which we denote ≤. If L is a Lie... | PBW theorem | 0.799719 |
81,062 | A very wide variety of IMUs exists, depending on application types, with performance ranging: From 0.1°/s to 0.001°/h for gyroscope From 100 mg to 10 µg for accelerometers.To get a rough idea, this means that, for a single, uncorrected accelerometer, the cheapest (at 100 mg) loses its ability to give 50-meter accuracy ... | Inertial Measurement Unit | 0.799719 |
81,063 | The group H 3 ( R ) {\displaystyle H_{3}(\mathbb {R} )} generated by exponentiation of the 3-dimensional Lie algebra determined by the commutation relation = i ℏ {\displaystyle =i\hbar } is called the Heisenberg group. This group can be realized as the group of 3 × 3 {\displaystyle 3\times 3} upper triangular matrices... | Quantum conditions | 0.799718 |
81,064 | Define the hyperbola in the xy−plane: H 2: ( x − 1 ) ( y − 1 ) = 2 , {\displaystyle H_{2}:\quad (x-1)(y-1)=2,} the Tutte polynomial specialises to the partition function, Z ( ⋅ ) , {\displaystyle Z(\cdot ),} of the Ising model studied in statistical physics. Specifically, along the hyperbola H 2 {\displaystyle H_{2}} t... | Flow polynomial | 0.799718 |
81,065 | Haptic fMRI Interface (HFI)Developed in 2013 by Samir Menon, Gerald Brantner, and Chris Aholt under Khatib's supervision, HFI is a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) compatible haptic interface with three degrees-of-freedom. The interface allows subjects to perform virtual haptic tasks inside the entire bore ... | Oussama Khatib | 0.799718 |
81,066 | In organic chemistry, an alicyclic compound contains one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character. Alicyclic compounds may have one or more aliphatic side chains attached. The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkanes: cyclopropane, cyc... | Alicyclic compounds | 0.799717 |
81,067 | Another definition, equivalent to the one above, states that the core is a set of payoff allocations x ∈ R N {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{N}} satisfyingEfficiency: ∑ i ∈ N x i = v ( N ) {\displaystyle \sum _{i\in N}x_{i}=v(N)} , Coalitional rationality: ∑ i ∈ C x i ≥ v ( C ) {\displaystyle \sum _{i\in C}x_{i}\geq ... | Core (game theory) | 0.799717 |
81,068 | The model is supported by computational simulations of population genetics. The Batesian mimicry in Papilio polytes is controlled by the doublesex gene.Some mimicry is imperfect. Natural selection drives mimicry only far enough to deceive predators. For example, when predators avoid a mimic that imperfectly resembles a... | Protective mimicry | 0.799717 |
81,069 | The 15th Thailand Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Conference. 27–28 October 2005 at Jomtien Palm Beach Resort, Cholburi. Host: Department of Chemical Engineering, Burapha University, Cholburi. | Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry | 0.799716 |
81,070 | The theorem also leads to the Grothendieck existence theorem, which gives an equivalence between the category of coherent sheaves on a scheme and the category of coherent sheaves on its formal completion (in particular, it yields algebralizability.) Finally, it is possible to weaken the hypothesis in the theorem; cf. I... | Theorem on formal functions | 0.799716 |
81,071 | Grothendieck's version of the Ramanujam–Samuel theorem (Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1967, theorem 21.14.1) is as follows. Suppose that A is a local Noetherian ring with maximal ideal m, whose completion is integral and integrally closed, and ρ is a local homomorphism from A to a local Noetherian ring B of larger dimension... | Ramanujam–Samuel theorem | 0.799716 |
81,072 | Macrophages engulf and digest debris (such as dead cells) and foreign particles through the process of phagocytosis, so macrophages act like scavengers. mammalogy The branch of biology that studies mammals, a class of vertebrates with characteristics such as homeothermic metabolism, fur, four-chambered hearts, and comp... | Glossary of biology | 0.799716 |
81,073 | More generally, if the objective function is not a quadratic function, then many optimization methods use other methods to ensure that some subsequence of iterations converges to an optimal solution. The first and still popular method for ensuring convergence relies on line searches, which optimize a function along one... | Numerical optimization | 0.799716 |
81,074 | Linguistics explores individual languages and language in general. It breaks language down and analyses its component parts: theory, sounds and their meaning, utterance usage, word origins, the history of words, the meaning of words and word combinations, sentence construction, basic construction beyond the sentence le... | Analysis | 0.799715 |
81,075 | The GaBr3 monomer has trigonal planar geometry, but when it forms the dimer Ga2Br6 the geometry around the gallium center distorts to become roughly tetrahedral. As a solid, GaBr3 forms a monoclinic crystalline structure with a unit cell volume of 524.16 Å3. Additional specifications for this unit cell are as follows: ... | Gallium tribromide | 0.799715 |
81,076 | If S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} is a semialgebra and E , F ∈ S {\displaystyle E,F\in {\mathcal {S}}} , then we can write F c = F 1 ∪ . . . | Semiring | 0.799715 |
81,077 | To the tree S obtained in step 2, attach ni endpoints to bi, obtaining the tree T which we sought.Once we have the tree in question we can create an adjacency matrix for the tree T and check that it is indeed the tree which we sought. Squaring the adjacency matrix of T should yield an adjacency matrix for a graph which... | Frank Harary | 0.799715 |
81,078 | In February 2015, 16 members of the University of Pennsylvania Law School Faculty co-signed a similar letter of their own.In response to concerns, in 2014 the White House Task Force provided new regulations requiring schools to permit the accused to bring advisers and be clearer about their processes and how they deter... | Campus sexual assault | 0.799715 |
81,079 | The Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX) is a heliophysics experiment that was conducted by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center out of the Wallops Flight Facility located on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The mission entailed the use of 5 sounding rockets launched closely in time together, each of which release... | Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment | 0.799714 |
81,080 | While it is likely that other lesser-studied species have complex melanophore pigments, it is nevertheless true that the majority of melanophores studied to date do contain eumelanin exclusively.Humans have only one class of pigment cell, the mammalian equivalent of melanophores, to generate skin, hair, and eye colour.... | Pigment cell | 0.799713 |
81,081 | However, the answer as to why this was the case remained unknown. Louis Pasteur was a French chemist who discovered chirality while studying crystals. This discovery became the basis for a new form of chemistry called stereochemistry. | Germ theory's key 19th century figures | 0.799713 |
81,082 | Stress tensor may refer to: Cauchy stress tensor, in classical physics Stress deviator tensor, in classical physics Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, in continuum mechanics Viscous stress tensor, in continuum mechanics Stress–energy tensor, in relativistic theories Maxwell stress tensor, in electromagnetism Electromagneti... | Stress tensor | 0.799713 |
81,083 | The identical ancestors point for Homo sapiens has been the subject of debate. In 2003 Rohde estimated it to be between 5000 and 15,000 years ago. In 2004, Rohde, Olson and Chang showed through simulations that, given the false assumption of random mate choice without geographic barriers, the Identical Ancestors Point ... | Identical ancestors point | 0.799713 |
81,084 | "Simulating a quantum magnet with trapped ions". Nature Physics. 4 (10): 757–761. | Trapped ion quantum computing | 0.799713 |
81,085 | At this epoch, the collision rate is proportional to the third root of the number density, and thus to a − 1 {\displaystyle a^{-1}} , where a {\displaystyle a} is the scale parameter. The Hubble parameter, however, is proportional to a − 2 {\displaystyle a^{-2}} . Going back in time and higher in energy, and assuming n... | Cosmological time scale | 0.799713 |
81,086 | A functor F: C → D between preadditive categories is additive if it is an abelian group homomorphism on each hom-set in C. If the categories are additive, then a functor is additive if and only if it preserves all biproduct diagrams. That is, if B is a biproduct of A1, ... , An in C with projection morphisms pk and inj... | Additive category | 0.799713 |
81,087 | HDS systems should be sized based on treatment objectives including desired level of pollutant removal, drainage basin characteristics, climate of the region, and particle size to be targeted. Performance is also sensitive to water temperature, i.e. season. Care must be taken to avoid routing excess flow through the de... | Hydrodynamic separator | 0.799712 |
81,088 | Ashcroft, Neil W.; Mermin, N. David (1976). Solid state physics. New York: Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 0-03-083993-9. | Ashcroft and Mermin | 0.799712 |
81,089 | It is not difficult to show that the conditions of the Erdős–Gallai theorem are necessary for a sequence of numbers to be graphic. The requirement that the sum of the degrees be even is the handshaking lemma, already used by Euler in his 1736 paper on the bridges of Königsberg. The inequality between the sum of the k {... | Erdős–Gallai theorem | 0.799712 |
81,090 | In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity. It can refer to the value of a statistic calculated from a sample of data, the value of a parameter for a hypothetical population, or to the equation th... | Effect sizes | 0.799711 |
81,091 | Hiley and Callaghan in fact showed that, an interpretation of Wheeler's delayed choice experiment based on Bohm's model, the past is an objective history that cannot be altered retroactively by delayed choice (see also: Bohmian interpretation of Wheeler's delayed choice experiment). Bohm and Hiley sketched also how Boh... | Basil Hiley | 0.799711 |
81,092 | General Biochemistry (1953, 1958), with Sophia Simmonds Molecules and Life: Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology (1972) A Bio-bibliography for the History of the Biochemical Sciences since 1800 (1982, 1985, 1994) Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Scien... | Joseph S. Fruton | 0.799711 |
81,093 | Kinetic logic, developed by René Thomas, is a Qualitative Modeling approach feasible to model impact, feedback, and the temporal evolution of the variables. It uses symbolic descriptions and avoids continuous descriptions e.g. differential equations.The derivation of the dynamics from the interaction graphs of systems ... | Kinetic logic | 0.799711 |
81,094 | A Master of Physics honours (or MPhys (Hons)) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of physics. | Master of Physics | 0.799711 |
81,095 | They can kill bacteria beyond the genus Vibrio, including other proteobacteria. They have been used for abortive classification schemes of the vibrio, particularly to type various kinds of cholera, against which they were thought to have potential as antibiotics. Their mode of action, genetics and regulation have all b... | Vibriocin | 0.799711 |
81,096 | In weak gravitational curvature, flat spacetime often serves as a good approximation to weakly curved spacetime. For experiment, this approximation is good. The Standard Model is defined on flat spacetime, and has produced the most accurate precision tests of physics to date. | Covariant classical field theory | 0.799711 |
81,097 | Iron tetracarbonyl dihydride undergoes rapid ligand substitutions by phosphorus ligands: H2Fe(CO)4 + PPh3 → H2Fe(CO)3PPh3The substitution mechanism is proposed to entail transient formation of a 16e− formyl intermediate.H2Fe(CO)4 has pK1 of 6.8 and pK2 of 15. The monoanion − has more extensive reaction chemistry becaus... | Iron carbonyl hydride | 0.79971 |
81,098 | The two are related by the following equation: m r e l a t i v e = γ ( m r e s t ) {\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {relative} }=\gamma (m_{\mathrm {rest} })\!} where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the Lorentz factor: γ = 1 1 − v 2 / c 2 {\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-v^{2}/c^{2}}}}} The invariant mass of systems is... | Mass properties | 0.79971 |
81,099 | Roll-Mecak, Antonina (2019-02-01). "How cells exploit tubulin diversity to build functional cellular microtubule mosaics". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. | Antonina Roll-Mecak | 0.79971 |
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