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81,100 | The fundamental matrix is used to express the state-transition matrix, an essential component in the solution of a system of linear ordinary differential equations. | Fundamental matrix (linear differential equation) | 0.79971 |
81,101 | Pioneers in these methods included the founders of CPHL: computational phylogenetics in historical linguistics (CPHL project): Donald Ringe, Tandy Warnow, Luay Nakhleh and Steven N. Evans. In the mid-1990s a group at Pennsylvania University computerised the comparative method and used a different IE database with 20 an... | Quantitative comparative linguistics | 0.79971 |
81,102 | Chaos theory predicts that while the laws of physics are deterministic, there are events and patterns in nature that never exactly repeat because extremely small differences in starting conditions can lead to widely differing outcomes. The patterns in nature tend to be static due to dissipation on the emergence process... | Geometric patterns | 0.799709 |
81,103 | This interpretation requires a slight analytic continuation, which is well-defined only under the following assumptions: The theory is Lorentz invariant; The vacuum is Lorentz invariant; The energy is bounded below.When the above hold, quantum theory can be extended to a Euclidean theory, defined by translating all the... | CPT invariant | 0.799709 |
81,104 | For opening of any productive layer it is necessary to open the casing, cement sheath and productive layer formation. Geophysics and mining geo-mechanics dictated the next requirements: Zone of cement sheath should be opened completely and not have cracks (to prevent possible overflows of water); Productive layer forma... | Hydro-slotted perforation | 0.799709 |
81,105 | Vincent Edward Moncrief is an American mathematician and physicist at Yale University. He works in relativity and mathematical physics. Moncrief earned his doctorate in 1972 at the University of Maryland College Park under the supervision of Charles William Misner and worked subsequently at the University of California... | Vincent Moncrief | 0.799709 |
81,106 | In 2018, the Committee indicated that 76 of 81 volumes had been published in four series: Earlier, it was planned to consist of 84 volumes with about 35,000 pages. As of September 2022, 80 of the 81 volumes have been completed with IVA9, the last volume of Euler's correspondence, being prepared for publication. Series ... | Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler | 0.799709 |
81,107 | Claims have been made by Behrokh Khoshnevis since 2006 for 3D printing a house in a day, with further claims to notionally complete the building in approximately 20 hours of "printer" time. By January 2013, working versions of 3D-printing building technology were printing 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per h... | Construction 3D printing | 0.799709 |
81,108 | For the real line, the collection of all open intervals is a base for the topology. So is the collection of all open intervals with rational endpoints, or the collection of all open intervals with irrational endpoints, for example. Note that two different bases need not have any basic open set in common. | Base (topology) | 0.799709 |
81,109 | The Bioinformatic Analysis of Inherited Templates (BAIT) was the first bioinformatic software to exclusively analyze reads generated from the Strand-seq methodology. It begins by aligning the reads to a reference sequence, binning the genome into sections, and finally counting the number of Watson and Crick reads falli... | Single-cell DNA template strand sequencing | 0.799709 |
81,110 | There is a characterization of complete separable metric spaces in terms of a game known as the strong Choquet game. A separable metric space is completely metrizable if and only if the second player has a winning strategy in this game. A second characterization follows from Alexandrov's theorem. It states that a separ... | Radon space | 0.799708 |
81,111 | Most of Chen’s work is at the interdisciplinary research interface between engineering, biology, and medicine. Chen’s main areas of research is in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, where he has made contributions in cellular microenvironments, tissue assembly, and vascular biology. Throughout t... | Christopher Chen (academic) | 0.799708 |
81,112 | Born in Enochville, North Carolina in 1907, Karl Morgan attended Lenoir-Rhyne College (now University) as a freshman and sophomore and then transferred to the University of North Carolina, where he graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees in physics and mathematics. He continued graduate study in physics at Duke ... | Karl Z. Morgan | 0.799708 |
81,113 | Although the author insists that epilepsy has a natural cause, when it comes to explain what that cause is and what the proper treatment would be, the explanation is as short on specific evidence and the treatment as vague as that of his rivals. Nonetheless, observations of natural phenomena continued to be compiled in... | Greek science | 0.799707 |
81,114 | Any satisficing problem can be formulated as an optimization problem. To see that this is so, let the objective function of the optimization problem be the indicator function of the constraints pertaining to the satisficing problem. Thus, if our concern is to identify a worst-case scenario pertaining to a constraint, t... | Info-gap decision theory | 0.799707 |
81,115 | For a discussion of both uses of Occam's razor in biology, see Sober's article "Let's Razor Ockham's Razor" (1990). Other methods for inferring evolutionary relationships use parsimony in a more general way. Likelihood methods for phylogeny use parsimony as they do for all likelihood tests, with hypotheses requiring fe... | Ockham's razor | 0.799707 |
81,116 | The RF and MF heaters used for induction shrink fitting vary in power from a few kilowatts to many megawatts and depending on the component geometry/diameter/cross section can vary in frequency from 1 kHz to 200 kHz, although the majority of applications use the range between 1 kHz and 100 kHz.In general terms, it is b... | Induction shrink fitting | 0.799707 |
81,117 | The only exceptions in Fibonacci case for n up to 12 are: F(1) = 1 and F(2) = 1, which have no prime divisors F(6) = 8, whose only prime divisor is 2 (which is F(3)) F(12) = 144, whose only prime divisors are 2 (which is F(3)) and 3 (which is F(4))The smallest primitive prime divisor of F(n) are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 13, 7... | Carmichael's theorem | 0.799707 |
81,118 | In algebraic geometry, the Iitaka dimension of a line bundle L on an algebraic variety X is the dimension of the image of the rational map to projective space determined by L. This is 1 less than the dimension of the section ring of L R ( X , L ) = ⨁ d = 0 ∞ H 0 ( X , L ⊗ d ) . {\displaystyle R(X,L)=\bigoplus _{d=0}^{\... | Iitaka dimension | 0.799707 |
81,119 | In the following derivation of the Einstein radius, we will assume that all of mass M of the lensing galaxy L is concentrated in the center of the galaxy. For a point mass the deflection can be calculated and is one of the classical tests of general relativity. For small angles α1 the total deflection by a point mass M... | Einstein radius | 0.799707 |
81,120 | Interpreters are frequently used to execute command languages, and glue languages since each operator executed in command language is usually an invocation of a complex routine such as an editor or compiler. Self-modifying code can easily be implemented in an interpreted language. This relates to the origins of interpr... | Bytecode interpreter | 0.799706 |
81,121 | In graph theory, a quotient graph Q of a graph G is a graph whose vertices are blocks of a partition of the vertices of G and where block B is adjacent to block C if some vertex in B is adjacent to some vertex in C with respect to the edge set of G. In other words, if G has edge set E and vertex set V and R is the equi... | Quotient graph | 0.799706 |
81,122 | It has even reached popularity with the general public in the form of the popular number puzzle Sudoku. Graph coloring is still a very active field of research. Note: Many terms used in this article are defined in Glossary of graph theory. | Graph color | 0.799706 |
81,123 | and renamed Hormonosynth (later Diosynth).The difficulties in fine chemicals manufacture in Mexico were indeed considerable: there was a severe shortage of trained chemists and indeed no doctoral program in chemistry at any Mexican university. When Marker left Syntex, his associates found no instructions for the produc... | Marker degradation | 0.799706 |
81,124 | Leemor Joshua-Tor is the W.M. Keck Professor of Structural Biology at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Her research focuses on the role of the argonaute complex in RNA interference. | Leemor Joshua-Tor | 0.799706 |
81,125 | In 1921 Pearl invited physicist Alfred J. Lotka to assist him in his lab. Lotka developed paired differential equations that showed the effect of a parasite on its prey. | Population modeling | 0.799706 |
81,126 | Born 8 November 1848 in Wismar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 1869 — attends the University of Jena. 1871 — attends the University of Göttingen. 1873 — PhD, doctor in mathematics (geometry), attained at Göttingen. | Gottlob Frege | 0.799705 |
81,127 | CRISPR Therapeutics AG is a Swiss–American biotechnology company headquartered in Zug, Switzerland. It was one of the first companies formed to utilize the CRISPR gene editing platform to develop medicines for the treatment of various rare and common diseases. The company has approximately 500 employees and has offices... | CRISPR Therapeutics | 0.799705 |
81,128 | The society promotes astronomy to members of the general public through its outreach pages for students, teachers, the public and media researchers. The RAS has an advisory role in relation to UK public examinations, such as GCSEs and A Levels. | Royal Astronomical Society | 0.799705 |
81,129 | The Oxford Notation was designed and developed by the researchers from Oxford Glycobiology Institute at University of Oxford in 2009. | Glycan nomenclature | 0.799705 |
81,130 | In probability theory and statistics, there are several relationships among probability distributions. These relations can be categorized in the following groups: One distribution is a special case of another with a broader parameter space Transforms (function of a random variable); Combinations (function of several va... | Sum of independent random variables | 0.799705 |
81,131 | Cheyer attended Sharon High School, in Sharon, Massachusetts. After graduating in 1984, Cheyer earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from Brandeis University in 1988, and a master's degree in computer science and artificial intelligence from UCLA in 1993. | Adam Cheyer | 0.799705 |
81,132 | Thus such a gain medium must have a gain bandwidth sufficiently broad to amplify those frequencies. An example of a suitable material is titanium-doped, artificially grown sapphire (Ti:sapphire) which has a very wide gain bandwidth and can thus produce pulses of only a few femtoseconds duration. Such mode-locked lasers... | Pulsed laser | 0.799704 |
81,133 | The two-dimensional notation Frege developed was never widely adopted and is unused in contemporary texts. From 1890 to 1905, Ernst Schröder published Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik in three volumes. This work summarized and extended the work of Boole, De Morgan, and Peirce, and was a comprehensive reference to... | Symbolic Logic | 0.799704 |
81,134 | These were carbureted engines and the relative "imprecise" nature of such limited the MPG abilities of the concept that now under MPI (Multi-Port fuel Injection) allows for higher MPG too. The newer Honda stratified charge (lean-burn engines) operate on air–fuel ratios as high as 22:1. The amount of fuel drawn into the... | Lean burn | 0.799704 |
81,135 | Developments within the field of biotechnology broadened the scope of the debate on the moral status of animals even more. After the controversy concerning the transgenic bull Herman and the lactoferrin project of GenePharming, modern biotechnology has almost become synonymous with genetic engineering. In the debate on... | Intrinsic value (animal ethics) | 0.799704 |
81,136 | Clifford algebras are also sometimes referred to as geometric algebras, most often over the real numbers. Every nondegenerate quadratic form on a finite-dimensional real vector space is equivalent to the standard diagonal form: where n = p + q is the dimension of the vector space. The pair of integers (p, q) is called ... | Clifford multiplication | 0.799704 |
81,137 | When the solar data are removed from the time series, the correlation is no longer statistically significant. A subsequent article in Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors in 2020 shows that solar weather and ionospheric disturbances are a potential cause to trigger large earthquakes based on this statistical re... | Earthquake prediction | 0.799704 |
81,138 | Process view: deals with the dynamic aspect of the system, explains the system processes and how they communicate, and focuses on the runtime behavior of the system. Physical view: depicts the system from a system engineer's point of view. It is concerned with the topology of software components on the physical layer, ... | View model | 0.799704 |
81,139 | Generalizing to N epicycles yields the almost periodic function which is periodic just when every pair of kj is rationally related. Finding the coefficients aj to represent a time-dependent path in the complex plane, z = f(t), is the goal of reproducing an orbit with deferent and epicycles, and this is a way of "saving... | Ptolemaic epicycle | 0.799704 |
81,140 | DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break... | DNA Ligase | 0.799704 |
81,141 | Ford's magnum opus was Ecological genetics, which ran to four editions and was widely influential.Other notable ecological geneticists would include Theodosius Dobzhansky who worked on chromosome polymorphism in fruit flies. As a young researcher in Russia, Dobzhansky had been influenced by Sergei Chetverikov, who also... | Ecological genetics | 0.799703 |
81,142 | In some circumstances, thiamine forms and precursors may be obtained through symbiotic relationships with microorganisms in the soil. Genes relevant for transformations in the biogenesis of HMP-P, HET-P, and TPP have been identified in various organisms and some of the proteins resulting from their expression have been... | 4-Amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine | 0.799703 |
81,143 | Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayers, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labor. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and color of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruni... | Agricultural robot | 0.799703 |
81,144 | DeskCalc is a simple Calculator that can perform different tasks related to mathematics. It has a simple interface and on the front screen it has some functions or buttons which can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division but it is not restricted to these only. DeskCalc can also perform tasks related... | Haiku Applications | 0.799703 |
81,145 | An ARS is said to possess the Church–Rosser property if and only if x ↔ ∗ y {\displaystyle x{\stackrel {*}{\leftrightarrow }}y} implies x ↓ y {\displaystyle x{\mathbin {\downarrow }}y} for all objects x, y. Equivalently, the Church–Rosser property means that the reflexive transitive symmetric closure is contained in th... | Convergent term rewriting system | 0.799703 |
81,146 | There Fet attended the seminars of Gelfand, Pontryagin, and Novikov and started to specialize in topology on advice of Vilenkin, under supervision of Lazar Lusternik. In December 1948, Fet defended his Candidate Thesis named "A Homology Ring of Closed Curve Space on a Sphere", which was recognized as an outstanding con... | Abram Ilyich Fet | 0.799703 |
81,147 | A class hierarchy or inheritance tree in computer science is a classification of object types, denoting objects as the instantiations of classes (class is like a blueprint, the object is what is built from that blueprint) inter-relating the various classes by relationships such as "inherits", "extends", "is an abstract... | Class hierarchies | 0.799703 |
81,148 | The Barrel electromagnetic calorimeter was a sampling calorimeter using lead as its passive material and gas for sampling. AMY also had a muon detection system outside of the magnet return yoke. Its most highly cited paper is "Multi - hadron event properties in e+e− annihilation at s√=52 GeV to 57-GeV"While the names o... | AMY (scientific instrument) | 0.799703 |
81,149 | Only 1/60th of a second (assuming a 60 Hz frame-rate) is available for visibility determination, rendering preparation (assuming graphics hardware), AI, physics, or whatever other app specific code is required. In contrast, the offline pre-processing of a potentially visible set can take as long as required in order to... | Potentially visible set | 0.799703 |
81,150 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, a truncated dodecahedral graph is the graph of vertices and edges of the truncated dodecahedron, one of the Archimedean solids. It has 60 vertices and 90 edges, and is a cubic Archimedean graph. | Truncated dodecahedral graph | 0.799702 |
81,151 | The archean basement had served as a rigid indentor which controlled the overall wedge shaped geometry of the orogen. Lithology of area shows that the base rocks of Aravalli are of Mewar Gneiss formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally sedimentary rock with ear... | Aravalli range | 0.799702 |
81,152 | The 12th century saw a flood of translations from Arabic into Latin and by the 13th century, European mathematics was beginning to rival the mathematics of other lands. In the 13th century, the solution of a cubic equation by Fibonacci is representative of the beginning of a revival in European algebra. As the Islamic ... | Rhetorical algebra | 0.799702 |
81,153 | The idea of using phages against unwanted bacteria developed shortly after their discovery. With the improvements in organic chemistry during the 1950s, exploration and development of broad spectrum antibiotics displaced interest in bacteriophage research. Several laboratories have been testing suitability of bacteriop... | Biopreservation | 0.799702 |
81,154 | This concept is fundamental in Euclidean geometry and affine geometry, because the set of all affine combinations of a set of points forms the smallest subspace containing the points, exactly as the linear combinations of a set of vectors form their linear span. The affine combinations commute with any affine transform... | Affine combination | 0.799702 |
81,155 | The Morita conjectures in general topology are certain problems about normal spaces, now solved in the affirmative. The conjectures, formulated by Kiiti Morita in 1976, asked If X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} is normal for every normal space Y, is X a discrete space? If X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} is normal for ev... | Morita conjectures | 0.799701 |
81,156 | The lack of a formal diagnosis in the DSM and ICD has hindered research. Research is needed to improve the care and treatment of affected mothers, but it is of paramount importance to investigate the causes, because this can lead to long term control and elimination of the disease. The opportunities come under the head... | Postpartum psychosis | 0.799701 |
81,157 | One can generalize the algebraic object that is acting on the vector space, replacing a single operator acting on a vector space with an algebra representation – an associative algebra acting on a module. The study of such actions is the field of representation theory. The representation-theoretical concept of weight i... | Characteristic root | 0.799701 |
81,158 | The goal of the area is to create educational courses and course materials that are internationally viable, identify pedagogical approaches that are appropriate and effective for specific target groups and disseminate experience and lessons learned. The area includes members from a number of universities and institutes... | SEMAT | 0.799699 |
81,159 | Consider a compact set K ⊂ R n {\displaystyle K\subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}} and let d = max p , q ∈ K ‖ p − q ‖ 2 {\displaystyle d=\max _{p,q\,\in \,K}\|p-q\|_{2}} be the diameter of K, that is, the largest Euclidean distance between any two of its points. Jung's theorem states that there exists a closed ball with radius ... | Jung's theorem | 0.799699 |
81,160 | The assessment of audible magnetic noise in electrical machines can be done using three methods: using dedicated electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic simulation software (e.g. MANATEE ) using electromagnetic (e.g. Flux, Jmag, Maxwell, Opera), structural (e.g. Ansys Mechanical, Nastran, Optistruct) and acoustic (e.g. Actr... | Coil whine | 0.799699 |
81,161 | Symbolic representations have advantages with respect to explicit, direct control, fast initial coding, dynamic variable binding and knowledge abstraction. Representations of artificial neural networks, on the other hand, show advantages for biological plausibility, learning, robustness (fault-tolerant processing and g... | Hybrid neural network | 0.799699 |
81,162 | William Boyd was an American immunochemist and biochemist who became famous for his research on the genetics of race in the 1950s. During the 1940s, Boyd and Karl O. Renkonen independently discovered that lectins react differently to various blood types, after finding that the crude extracts of the lima bean and tufted... | Genetic history | 0.799698 |
81,163 | Binding of Hoechst dyes is even stronger to BrdU-substituted DNA; however, no fluorescence ensues. Hoechst dyes can be used with BrdU to monitor cell cycle progression.Hoechst dyes are commonly used to stain genomic DNA in the following applications: Fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry, often with other fl... | Hoechst stain | 0.799698 |
81,164 | The newest machine, Sierra, occupied the No. 3 position on the TOP500 list in June 2018. The complex has nearly 10,000 square feet of machine floor space, supporting both classified and unclassified national security programs. Titan Laser: Titan is a combined nanosecond-long pulse and ultrashort-pulse (subpicosecond) l... | Titan laser | 0.799698 |
81,165 | Whether a term is normalising or not, and how much work needs to be done in normalising it if it is, depends to a large extent on the reduction strategy used. Common lambda calculus reduction strategies include: Normal order The leftmost, outermost redex is always reduced first. That is, whenever possible the arguments... | Lambda calculi | 0.799698 |
81,166 | It can be used to relate molecular vibrations and intermolecular forces to equilibrium isotope effects.As the model is an approximation, many applications append corrections for improved accuracy. Some common, significant modifications to the equation include accounting for pressure effects, nuclear geometry, and corre... | Urey–Bigeleisen–Mayer equation | 0.799698 |
81,167 | The result of the experiment might have shocked Albert Einstein (he died in 1955 long before the experiment was performed) who had a local, realistic outlook on physics. His outlook led him to the conclusion that if the act of measurement influences both systems, then there would exist an influence capable of propagati... | Aspect's experiment | 0.799697 |
81,168 | Ionization of Nonpolar Liquids by Radiation in the Absence of External Electric Field". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 47 (3): 939–945. | John L. Magee (chemist) | 0.799697 |
81,169 | "The value for which P = 0.05, or 1 in 20, is 1.96 or nearly 2 ; it is convenient to take this point as a limit in judging whether a deviation is to be considered significant or not." In Table 1 of the work, he gave the more precise value 1.959964.In 1928, Fisher was the first to use diffusion equations to attempt to c... | Ronald Fisher | 0.799697 |
81,170 | The other two Cartesian coordinates, x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} , are untouched and often called transverse or perpendicular, denoted by symbols of the type x → ⊥ = ( x , y ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}_{\perp }=(x,y)} . The choice of the frame of reference where the time t {\displaystyle t} and z {\disp... | Light-front computational methods | 0.799697 |
81,171 | The Bare Bones PSO variant has been proposed in 2003 by James Kennedy, and does not need to use velocity at all. Another simpler variant is the accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO), which also does not need to use velocity and can speed up the convergence in many applications. A simple demo code of APSO is av... | Particle swarm | 0.799697 |
81,172 | Years of working so closely with radioactive materials finally caught up with Joliot-Curie and she was diagnosed with leukemia. She had been accidentally exposed to polonium when a sealed capsule of the element exploded on her laboratory bench in 1946. Treatment with antibiotics and a series of operations relieved her ... | Irène Joliot-Curie | 0.799696 |
81,173 | Membership of this society consists of persons and institutions interested in ecology and in the promotion of ecological research. The following classes of members are recognized: Regular members, Student members, Life members, Emeritus members, and Institutional members. | Ecological Applications | 0.799696 |
81,174 | Mark Mordecai Green (born April 6, 1937) is an American chemist, writer and professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering. He is best known for his extensive work on an aspect of stereochemistry involved in cooperative chirality and also for his book Organic ... | Mark M. Green | 0.799696 |
81,175 | The Birkhoff–von Neumann theorem (often known simply as Birkhoff's theorem) states that the polytope B n {\displaystyle B_{n}} is the convex hull of the set of n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} permutation matrices, and furthermore that the vertices of B n {\displaystyle B_{n}} are precisely the permutation matrices. In ... | Birkhoff–Von Neumann theorem | 0.799696 |
81,176 | The addition of 0.5 is the continuity correction; the uncorrected normal approximation gives considerably less accurate results. This approximation, known as de Moivre–Laplace theorem, is a huge time-saver when undertaking calculations by hand (exact calculations with large n are very onerous); historically, it was the... | Binomial Distribution | 0.799696 |
81,177 | In mathematics, chromatic homotopy theory is a subfield of stable homotopy theory that studies complex-oriented cohomology theories from the "chromatic" point of view, which is based on Quillen's work relating cohomology theories to formal groups. In this picture, theories are classified in terms of their "chromatic le... | Chromatic tower | 0.799695 |
81,178 | Thomas L. Dean (born 1950) is an American computer scientist known for his work in robot planning, probabilistic graphical models, and computational neuroscience. He was one of the first to introduce ideas from operations research and control theory to artificial intelligence. In particular, he introduced the idea of t... | Thomas Dean (computer scientist) | 0.799695 |
81,179 | Most sporadic simple groups can be related to the Leech lattice, or more broadly the Monster. The exceptional Jordan algebra has a representation in terms of 24×24 real matrices together with the Jordan product rule.These objects are connected to various other phenomena in math which may be considered surprising but no... | Exceptional object | 0.799695 |
81,180 | Descriptive statistics is concerned with describing data sets, which can often be represented as data matrices, which may then be subjected to dimensionality reduction techniques. The covariance matrix encodes the mutual variance of several random variables. Another technique using matrices are linear least squares, a ... | Matrix theory | 0.799695 |
81,181 | Saphire earned a Bachelor of Arts in biochemistry and cell biology from Rice University in 1993. She then moved to Scripps Research, where she earned a PhD in molecular biology in 2000. Her doctoral research focused on the crystal structure of a neutralizing antibody against HIV-1. She was an avid rugby player througho... | Erica Ollmann Saphire | 0.799695 |
81,182 | Researchers have investigated the usefulness of self-affirmation in alleviating stereotype threat. One study found that women who affirmed a personal value prior to experiencing stereotype threat performed as well on a math test as men and as women who did not experience stereotype threat. A subsequent study found that... | Women in STEM fields | 0.799695 |
81,183 | Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 53(5), pp. 801–808. Retrieved 2 Mar. | Single colour reflectometry | 0.799695 |
81,184 | Many early PLCs were not capable of graphical representation of the logic, and so it was instead represented as a series of logic expressions in some kind of Boolean format, similar to Boolean algebra. As programming terminals evolved, it became more common for ladder logic to be used, because it was a familiar format ... | Programmable Logic Controller | 0.799695 |
81,185 | Materials science is a relatively new, interdisciplinary field that deals with the study of matter and its properties; as well as the discovery and design of new materials. Originally developed through the field of metallurgy, the study of the properties of materials and solids has now expanded into all materials. The ... | Natural sciences | 0.799694 |
81,186 | This notion works perfectly for algebraic surfaces (varieties of dimension 2). In modern terms, one central result of the Italian school of algebraic geometry from 1890–1910, part of the classification of surfaces, is that every surface X is birational either to a product P 1 × C {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{1}\times C... | Birational automorphism | 0.799694 |
81,187 | The early history of discrete calculus is the history of calculus. Such basic ideas as the difference quotients and the Riemann sums appear implicitly or explicitly in definitions and proofs. After the limit is taken, however, they are never to be seen again. However, the Kirchhoff's voltage law (1847) can be expressed... | Discrete calculus | 0.799694 |
81,188 | In 2010, a five-level model was designed in France. According to this model, cyberspace is composed of five layers based on information discoveries: 1) language, 2) writing, 3) printing, 4) Internet, 5) Etc., i.e. the rest, e.g. noosphere, artificial life, artificial intelligence, etc., etc. This original model links t... | Cyberspace | 0.799694 |
81,189 | In 1902 Lucien Cuénot published the results of his experiments using mice which showed that Mendel's laws of inheritance were also valid for animals — results that were soon confirmed and extended to other species.In the early part of the 20th century, Harvard undergraduate Clarence Cook Little was conducting studies o... | Lab mouse | 0.799693 |
81,190 | There are three branches of the calculus of functors, developed in the order: manifold calculus, such as embeddings, homotopy calculus, and orthogonal calculus.Homotopy calculus has seen far wider application than the other branches. | Analytic functor | 0.799693 |
81,191 | In the mid-1940s radio observations revealed a radio corona around the Sun.The beginning of the search for X-ray sources from above the Earth's atmosphere was on August 5, 1948 12:07 GMT. A US Army (formerly German) V-2 rocket as part of Project Hermes was launched from White Sands Proving Grounds. The first solar X-ra... | X-ray dark planet | 0.799693 |
81,192 | This upper bound is known as the free energy, and we can accordingly characterize perception as the minimization of the free energy with respect to inbound sensory information, and action as the minimization of the same free energy with respect to outbound action information. This holistic dual optimization is characte... | Free energy principle | 0.799693 |
81,193 | The objective wave function evolves deterministically but, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, it deals with probabilities of observing, the outcome being explained by a wave function collapse when an observation is made. However, the loss of determinism for the sake of instrumentalism did not meet with univers... | Probability | 0.799693 |
81,194 | Even though quantum annealers, like those produced by D-Wave Systems, were designed for challenging combinatorial optimization problems, it has been recently recognized as a potential candidate to speed up computations that rely on sampling by exploiting quantum effects.Some research groups have recently explored the u... | Quantum artificial intelligence | 0.799692 |
81,195 | Although his 1961 and 1963 papers were lost, they found the manuscript of his 1965 paper and confirmed that it was the first paper to solve the generalized Kirkman's schoolgirl problem completely. In fact, according to Zhu Lie, it contained an asymptotically stronger result than that in the paper by Ray-Chaudhuri and W... | Lu Jiaxi (mathematician) | 0.799692 |
81,196 | Neurology and evolutionary biology, study how behavior is controlled by the nervous system and how the human mind evolved, respectively. In other fields, human behavior may be a secondary subject of study when considering how it affects another subject. Outside of formal scientific inquiry, human behavior and the human... | Human behavior | 0.799692 |
81,197 | At a fundamental level, the use of polygenic scores in clinical context will have similar technical issues as existing tools. For example, if a tool is not validated in a diverse population, then it may exacerbate disparities with unequal efficacy across populations. This is especially important in genetics where, as o... | Polygenic scores | 0.799692 |
81,198 | The higher refractive indices along with the lamellae structure of brianite help us to distinguish these two minerals apart under the microscope. The specific gravity of panethite was between 2.90 and 3.0. Both minerals were insoluble in water. Panethite and brianite are the minerals known to have the greatest amount o... | Panethite | 0.799692 |
81,199 | quasi-Frobenius quasi-Frobenius ring: a special type of Artinian ring which is also a self-injective ring on both sides. Every semisimple ring is quasi-Frobenius. quotient ring or factor ring: Given a ring R and an ideal I of R, the quotient ring is the ring formed by the set R/I of cosets {a + I: a∈R} together with th... | Finitely presented algebra | 0.799692 |
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