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83,300 | picoCTF is a cybersecurity capture the flag competition hosted by CyLab. Established in 2013, the event is run annually over a period of two weeks and is geared towards high schoolers, billing itself as the largest high school cybersecurity event in the United States; the inaugural edition had 6,000 participants and 39... | Carnegie Mellon CyLab | 0.799244 |
83,301 | The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction.Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Broadly speaking, two types of coupling reactions are recognized: Homocouplings joining t... | Reductive coupling | 0.799243 |
83,302 | Particle physics researchers like to build particle detectors under layers of dolomite to enable the detectors to detect the highest possible number of exotic particles. Because dolomite contains relatively minor quantities of radioactive materials, it can insulate against interference from cosmic rays without adding t... | Calcium magnesium carbonate | 0.799243 |
83,303 | Spectral methods are a class of techniques used in applied mathematics and scientific computing to numerically solve certain differential equations. The idea is to write the solution of the differential equation as a sum of certain "basis functions" (for example, as a Fourier series which is a sum of sinusoids) and the... | Spectral method | 0.799243 |
83,304 | Arithmetic progression topologies The Baire space − N N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} ^{\mathbb {N} }} with the product topology, where N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } denotes the natural numbers endowed with the discrete topology. It is the space of all sequences of natural numbers. Divisor topology Partition topology Del... | List of topologies | 0.799243 |
83,305 | The structure theorem says that for any commutative semigroup S {\displaystyle S} , there is a finest congruence ∼ {\displaystyle \sim } such that the quotient of S {\displaystyle S} by this equivalence relation is a semilattice. Denoting this semilattice by L {\displaystyle L} , we get a homomorphism f {\displaystyle ... | Monoid theory | 0.799243 |
83,306 | Flow conditioning makes a huge effect on the accuracy of liquid turbine meter which results in flow disturbances. These effects are mainly caused by debris on strainer screens, for various upstream piping geometries and different types of flow conditioners. The effectiveness of a flow conditioner can be indicated by th... | Flow conditioning | 0.799243 |
83,307 | Many studies that have demonstrated a role of the motor system in semantic processing of action language have been used as evidence for a shared neural network between action and language comprehension processes. For example, facilitated activity in language comprehension areas, evidence of semantic priming, with movem... | Bi-directional hypothesis of language and action | 0.799243 |
83,308 | The final shape of the star after star formation is an equilibrium shape, in the sense that the effective gravity in the equatorial region (being diminished) cannot pull the star to a more spherical shape. The rotation also gives rise to gravity darkening at the equator, as described by the von Zeipel theorem. An extre... | Projected rotational velocity | 0.799243 |
83,309 | CAM software generally creates a tool path without considering any mechanics process. These causes risk of tool damage, tool deflection and errors on surface finish. By minimizing the forces we can increase tool life. Different optimization method can be used considering process parameters like feed rate, spindle speed... | Freeform surface machining | 0.799243 |
83,310 | Doubly triangular numbers arise naturally as numbers of unordered pairs of unordered pairs of objects, including pairs where both objects are the same: An example from mathematical chemistry is given by the numbers of overlap integrals between Slater-type orbitals. Another example of this phenomenon from combinatorics ... | Doubly triangular number | 0.799242 |
83,311 | It is possible to transform a bridged–T section into a Lattice, or X–section (see Bartlett's bisection theorem). The X–section is a kind of bridge circuit, but usually drawn as a lattice, hence the name. Its topology makes it intrinsically balanced but it is never used to implement the constant resistance filters of th... | Bridged T circuit | 0.799242 |
83,312 | L. D. Faddeev, L; V. N. Popov (1967). "Feynman diagrams for the Yang-Mills field". Physics Letters B. 25 (1): 29–30. | Victor Popov | 0.799242 |
83,313 | Metamathematical metatheorems about mathematics itself were originally differentiated from ordinary mathematical theorems in the 19th century to focus on what was then called the foundational crisis of mathematics. Richard's paradox (Richard 1905) concerning certain 'definitions' of real numbers in the English language... | Metamathematics | 0.799242 |
83,314 | Topics in physics and geometry that would now be described using vectors, such as kinematics in space and Maxwell's equations, were described entirely in terms of quaternions. There was even a professional research association, the Quaternion Society, devoted to the study of quaternions and other hypercomplex number sy... | Hamilton quaternions | 0.799242 |
83,315 | Food engineers must adapt food technologies and operations to the recent consumer trend toward the consumption of healthy and nutritious food. To supply foods with these qualities, and for the benefit of human health, food engineers must work collaboratively with professionals in other domains such as medicine, biochem... | Contemporary Food Engineering | 0.799242 |
83,316 | Actian NoSQL Database (formerly known as Versant Object Database or VOD) is an object database software product initially developed by Versant Corporation and currently owned by Actian.The Actian NoSQL Database enables developers using object oriented languages to transactionally store their information by allowing the... | Versant Object Database | 0.799242 |
83,317 | The Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute (Spanish: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt), sometimes referred to as IAVH, is an independent non-regulatory research institute of the Executive Branch of the Government of Colombia charged with conducting scienti... | Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute | 0.799242 |
83,318 | In geometry, a uniform polyhedron compound is a polyhedral compound whose constituents are identical (although possibly enantiomorphous) uniform polyhedra, in an arrangement that is also uniform, i.e. the symmetry group of the compound acts transitively on the compound's vertices. The uniform polyhedron compounds were ... | Uniform polyhedron compound | 0.799241 |
83,319 | The classic implementation was on the PDP-10; it has been used to study compilers, formal grammars, and artificial intelligence, especially machine translation and machine comprehension of natural languages. The original implementation was on an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J. SNOBOL4 was specifically designed for... | SNOBOL | 0.799241 |
83,320 | To see how this works, we start by noting (as can be seen in the figure in circular segment), that the area of the segment is the difference between the area of the pie slice defined by where the chord cuts the circle, and the triangle formed by the chord and the two radii that touch the ends of the chord. The base of ... | Proportional compass | 0.799241 |
83,321 | There has been a strong debate in France on the teaching of phonics ("méthode syllabique") versus whole language ("méthode globale"). After the 1990s, supporters of the latter started defending a so-called "mixed method" (also known as balanced literacy) in which approaches from both methods are used. France is home to... | Phonics | 0.799241 |
83,322 | The most difficult to verify is the compatibility of multiplication and comultiplication: Δ ∘ ∇ = ( ∇ ⊠ ∇ ) ∘ ( i d ⊠ τ ⊠ i d ) ∘ ( Δ ⊠ Δ ) {\displaystyle \Delta \circ \nabla =(\nabla \boxtimes \nabla )\circ (\mathrm {id} \boxtimes \tau \boxtimes \mathrm {id} )\circ (\Delta \boxtimes \Delta )} where τ ( x ⊠ y ) = y ⊠ x... | Tensor-algebra bundle | 0.79924 |
83,323 | A physicist who took the issues involved seriously was Pierre Duhem, writing at the beginning of the twentieth century. He wrote an extended analysis of the approach he saw as characteristically British, in requiring field theories of theoretical physics to have a mechanical-physical interpretation. That was an accurat... | Scientific formalism | 0.79924 |
83,324 | The value of the line integral is the sum of values of the field at all points on the curve, weighted by some scalar function on the curve (commonly arc length or, for a vector field, the scalar product of the vector field with a differential vector in the curve). This weighting distinguishes the line integral from sim... | Curve integral | 0.79924 |
83,325 | Composite methods are an approach applied in structural dynamics and related fields. They combine various methods in each time step, in order to acquire the advantages of different methods. The existing composite methods show satisfactory accuracy and powerful numerical dissipation, which is particularly useful for sol... | Composite methods for structural dynamics | 0.79924 |
83,326 | Khatib's first seminal contribution was the artificial potential field method, which avoids the complex robot motion planning problem by projecting controlling robots with potential fields in task space. First introduced in 1978, the method was motivated by the pressing need to enable reactive robot operation in unstru... | Oussama Khatib | 0.79924 |
83,327 | (2013) 2013 Arithmetic progressions on conic sections (with Alejandra Alvarado). Int. J. Number Theory 9, no. 6, 1379–1393. (2013) 2014 On the generalized climbing stairs problem (with Talitha M. Washington) Ars Combin. 117 (2014) 2016 Riordan matrix representations of Euler's constant γ and Euler's number e (with Asam... | Edray Herber Goins | 0.79924 |
83,328 | The inverse reduced Compton wavelength is a natural representation for mass on the quantum scale, and as such, it appears in many of the fundamental equations of quantum mechanics. The reduced Compton wavelength appears in the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation for a free particle: It appears in the Dirac equation (the... | Compton frequency | 0.799239 |
83,329 | Obtaining a spectrum from time series such as these involves the Fourier transform, and generalizations based on Fourier analysis. In many cases the time domain is not specifically employed in practice, such as when a dispersive prism is used to obtain a spectrum of light in a spectrograph, or when a sound is perceived... | Phase spectrum | 0.799239 |
83,330 | (2017). Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 29(2), 433-452. Conceptual spaces for cognitive architectures: A Lingua Franca for different levels of representation. | Antonio Lieto | 0.799239 |
83,331 | In this hierarchical data structure, a hash function and concatenation are used repeatedly to compute tree nodes. One consideration with hash-based signature schemes is that they can only sign a limited number of messages securely, because of their use of one-time signature schemes. The US National Institute of Standar... | Hash-based cryptography | 0.799239 |
83,332 | As usual, the construction of free objects depends on the chosen class of morphisms. Let us first consider functions that preserve all joins (i.e. lower adjoints of Galois connections), since this case is simpler than the situation for complete homomorphisms. Using the aforementioned terminology, this could be called a... | Complete free lattice | 0.799239 |
83,333 | The expertise in radar technology by the Radiophysics Laboratory was world-class at the time, largely because Britain had shared the secret of radar with its Dominions as World War 2 began and due to a relatively large Australian radio physics community that had intimate ties with the ionospheric physicists in England.... | John Gatenby Bolton | 0.799239 |
83,334 | In number theory, Zsigmondy's theorem, named after Karl Zsigmondy, states that if a > b > 0 {\displaystyle a>b>0} are coprime integers, then for any integer n ≥ 1 {\displaystyle n\geq 1} , there is a prime number p (called a primitive prime divisor) that divides a n − b n {\displaystyle a^{n}-b^{n}} and does not divide... | Zsigmondy's theorem | 0.799238 |
83,335 | There is a danger of circular reasoning: assumptions about the shape of a phylogenetic tree are used to justify decisions about character states, which are then used as evidence for the shape of the tree. Phylogenetics uses various forms of parsimony to decide such questions; the conclusions reached often depend on the... | Phylogenetic systematics | 0.799238 |
83,336 | The surface energy balance is internally calibrated using ground-based reference ET that is based on local weather or gridded weather data sets to reduce computational biases inherent to remote sensing-based energy balance. Slope and aspect functions and temperature lapsing are used for application to mountainous terra... | METRIC | 0.799238 |
83,337 | They occur also in configuration spaces of physical systems. Beside Euclidean geometry, Euclidean spaces are also widely used in other areas of mathematics. Tangent spaces of differentiable manifolds are Euclidean vector spaces. | Euclidean manifold | 0.799238 |
83,338 | There are four levels of multimedia fugacity Models applied for prediction of fate and transport of organic chemicals in the multicompartmental environment: Depending on the number of phases and complexity of processes different level models are applied. Many of the models apply to steady-state conditions and can be re... | Multimedia fugacity model | 0.799237 |
83,339 | Note, however, that the region visualized is at least a few hundred nanometers wide, so the cytoplasmic zone immediately beneath the plasma membrane is necessarily visualized in addition to the plasma membrane during TIRF microscopy. The selective visualization of the plasma membrane renders the features and events on ... | Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope | 0.799237 |
83,340 | Down quarks are most commonly found in nucleons. Its protons contains one down quark and two up quarks, while neutrons contain two down quarks and one up quark. Down quarks were theorized by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig when they discovered the quark model in 1968.1969 Mosher's acid Mosher's acid, or α-methoxytrif... | Timeline of United States discoveries | 0.799237 |
83,341 | Nieto, who conducted the first modern comprehensive review of the Titius–Bode Law, noted that "The psychological hold of the Law on astronomy has been such that people have always tended to regard its original form as the one on which to base theories." He was emphatic that "future theories must rid themselves of the b... | Titius–Bode law | 0.799237 |
83,342 | Born on 1 August 1960 in the Indian state of West Bengal, Sudip Chattopadhyay completed a BSc honors degree in chemistry from the University of Burdwan and obtained an MSc in biochemistry from the University of Kalyani in 1986. Subsequently, he did his doctoral studies on the role of regulatory genes involved in carboh... | Sudip Chattopadhyay | 0.799237 |
83,343 | Born's interpretation of the wave function was criticized by Schrödinger, who had previously attempted to interpret it in real physical terms, but Albert Einstein's response became one of the earliest and most famous assertions that quantum mechanics is incomplete: Quantum mechanics is very worthy of respect. But an in... | Hidden-variables theory | 0.799237 |
83,344 | in London in 1921. Heyrovský started his university career as assistant to Professor B. Brauner in the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Charles University, Prague; he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1922 and in 1926 he became the University's first Professor of Physical Chemistry. Heyrovský's invention o... | Jaroslav Heyrovský | 0.799236 |
83,345 | These chains are stochastic processes of "walkers" which move around randomly according to an algorithm that looks for places with a reasonably high contribution to the integral to move into next, assigning them higher probabilities. Random walk Monte Carlo methods are a kind of random simulation or Monte Carlo method.... | Markov clustering | 0.799236 |
83,346 | The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) is "an international consortium of individual volunteers and a small dedicated staff who are interested in facilitating use of pharmacogenetic tests for patient care. CPIC’s goal is to address barriers to clinical implementation of pharmacogenetic tests by ... | Poor metabolizer | 0.799236 |
83,347 | Most database management systems do not document the internal format of their transaction logs, although some provide programmatic interfaces to their transaction logs (for example: Oracle, DB2, SQL/MP, SQL/MX and SQL Server 2008). Other challenges in using transaction logs for change data capture include: Coordinating... | Change data capture | 0.799236 |
83,348 | The mathematics, primarily tensor calculus and differential forms in curved spacetime, is developed as required. An introductory chapter on spinors near the end is also given. There are numerous illustrations of advanced mathematical ideas such as alternating multilinear forms, parallel transport, and the orientation o... | Gravitation (book) | 0.799236 |
83,349 | There are many motivations for enterprises or end-users to invest in an Email Archiving solution, including: Data Preservation Protection of Intellectual Property Regulatory compliance Litigation and Legal Discovery Email Backup and Disaster Recovery Messaging System & Storage Optimization Monitoring of Internal & Exte... | E-mail archiving | 0.799236 |
83,350 | This statement was proved by Hansson. : Lemma 3 In modern axiomatic set theory the order-extension principle is itself taken as an axiom, of comparable ontological status to the axiom of choice. The order-extension principle is implied by the Boolean prime ideal theorem or the equivalent compactness theorem, but the re... | Order-extension principle | 0.799236 |
83,351 | Unless there is a flux of mass into or out of a control volume, a process which occurs at a constant density also occurs at a constant volume and is called an isochoric process and not an isopycnic process. The term "isopycnic" is commonly encountered in the fluid dynamics of compressible fluids, such as in meteorology... | Isopycnic | 0.799235 |
83,352 | Benjamin. Bloch, Spencer (1974). "K2 of algebraic cycles". | Algebraic K-group | 0.799235 |
83,353 | For example, the Creation Research Society argues that "uniformitarianism is wishful thinking. "Geologists conclude that no evidence for such a flood is observed in the preserved rock layers and moreover that such a flood is physically impossible, given the current layout of land masses. For instance, since Mount Evere... | Creationist cosmologies | 0.799234 |
83,354 | Novel or enhanced synthetic techniques can often provide improved environmental performance or enable better adherence to the principles of green chemistry. For example, the 2005 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock, for the development of the metathesis method ... | Green Chemistry | 0.799234 |
83,355 | Bleuler's most notable contribution was the introduction of Gupta–Bleuler formalism for the quantization of the electromagnetic field, which he developed independently with Suraj N. Gupta. This was an important work on quantum electrodynamics. Bleuler also made contributions to nuclear and particle physics. He also wro... | Konrad Bleuler | 0.799234 |
83,356 | The Rule of Two is a data security principle from the NSA's Commercial Solutions for Classified Program (CSfC). It specifies two completely independent layers of cryptography to protect data. For example, data could be protected by both hardware encryption at its lowest level and software encryption at the application ... | Multiple encryption | 0.799233 |
83,357 | Among the highlights are the discovery of the structure of a superhard phase of boron, gamma-B, transparent phase of sodium, new carbon allotrope, prediction of MgSiO3 post-perovskite and its stability in the Earth's mantle, prediction of other planet-forming minerals, prediction and synthesis of "forbidden" compounds ... | Artem Oganov | 0.799233 |
83,358 | The River Systems Research Group of the Department of Oceanography at the University of Washington The Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Royal Thai Government The Departments of Agricultural & Biological Engineering and Civil & Environmental Engineering at Purdue U... | Soil and Water Assessment Tool | 0.799233 |
83,359 | The envy-free cake-cutting problem is to partition the cake to n disjoint pieces, one piece per agent, such for each agent, the value of his piece is weakly larger than the values of all other pieces (so no agent envies another agent's share). A corollary of the Dubins–Spanier convexity theorem (1961) is that there alw... | Weller's theorem | 0.799233 |
83,360 | Data scientists, dashboards and client apps all access the same raw or real-time data derivatives with proper identity-based security, data masking and versioning in real-time. Traditionally, data scientists have not been part of IT development teams, like regular Java programmers. This is because their skills set them... | Continuous analytics | 0.799232 |
83,361 | This concept is known as Gemini. After Assembly complete, the Gemini concept was eliminated in the realignment of the core ISS flight control positions. TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation) is responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control... | Capsule communicator | 0.799232 |
83,362 | In mathematics, De Gua's theorem is a three-dimensional analog of the Pythagorean theorem named after Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. It states that if a tetrahedron has a right-angle corner (like the corner of a cube), then the square of the area of the face opposite the right-angle corner is the sum of the squares of the... | De Gua's theorem | 0.799231 |
83,363 | Berger did her undergraduate studies at Brandeis University, and earned her doctorate from MIT in 1990 under the supervision of Silvio Micali. As a student, she won the Machtey Award in 1989 for a paper on parallel algorithms that she published with fellow student John Rompel at the Symposium on Foundations of Computer... | Bonnie Berger | 0.799231 |
83,364 | "Passive" routes are stable and can be used for data transmission. "Active" routes are being recalculated, and/or not available.Routing table contains the best route(s) to a destination (in terms of the lowest "metric"). These routes are the successors from the topology table.DUAL evaluates the data received from other... | Diffusing Update Algorithm | 0.799231 |
83,365 | Machamer's work has been influential in developing an account of scientific explanation understood as the search for and filling in of mechanisms. His co-authored 2000 article (with Lindley Darden and Carl Craver) “Thinking about Mechanisms”, published in Philosophy of Science, has been cited over 3,000 times. His curr... | Peter K. Machamer | 0.79923 |
83,366 | Black Swan Data is a London-based technology and data science company that produces a social prediction SaaS platform called Trendscope. Trendscope uses predictive data science and proprietary Natural Language Processing to analyze Social data conversations that help businesses identify potential trends and customer be... | Black Swan Data | 0.79923 |
83,367 | AuT technologies share many common traits, which justify the common notation. They are all based on recent breakthroughs in the domains of (deep) machine learning and artificial intelligence. They all require extensive and prompt regulatory developments to specify the requirements from them and to license and manage th... | Internet of Autonomous Things | 0.79923 |
83,368 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA MBI-28, also known as SNORA3 and ACA3, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogen... | Small nucleolar RNA MBI-28 | 0.79923 |
83,369 | In September 2015, IEEE Rebooting Computing announced support for the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI). Established under Executive Order 13072 issued by U.S. President Barack Obama in July 2015, the NSCI calls for a coordinated Federal strategy in high-performance computing (HPC) research, development, a... | IEEE Rebooting Computing | 0.79923 |
83,370 | A Bellman equation, also known as a dynamic programming equation, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming. Almost any problem which can be solved using optimal control theory can also be solved by analyzing the appropriate Bellman equatio... | Richard E. Bellman | 0.799229 |
83,371 | Virtually all concepts of topology can be rephrased in the language of nets and limits. This may be useful to guide the intuition since the notion of limit of a net is very similar to that of limit of a sequence. The following set of theorems and lemmas help cement that similarity: | Net convergence | 0.799229 |
83,372 | 167 is an emirp, an isolated prime, a Chen prime, a Gaussian prime, a safe prime, and an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and a real part of the form 3 n − 1 {\displaystyle 3n-1} . 167 is the smallest number which requires six terms when expressed using the greedy algorithm as a sum of squares, 167 = 144 + 16 + ... | 167 (number) | 0.799229 |
83,373 | Several Borromean nuclei such as 9Be and the Hoyle state (an excited resonance in 12C) play an important role in nuclear astrophysics. Namely, these are three-body systems whose unbound components (formed from 4He) are intermediate steps in the triple-alpha process; this limits the rate of production of heavier element... | Borromean nucleus | 0.799229 |
83,374 | Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based on data collected from numerical simulations or physical experiments. The machine learning models for fitness approximation are also known as meta-models or surrogates, ... | Fitness approximation | 0.799229 |
83,375 | In an August 2019 internal memo leaked in 2021, Facebook has admitted that "the mechanics of our platforms are not neutral", concluding that in order to reach maximum profits, optimization for engagement is necessary. In order to increase engagement, algorithms have found that hate, misinformation, and politics are ins... | Algorithmic radicalization | 0.799229 |
83,376 | Bounded disks The following result explains why Banach disks are required to be bounded. Hausdorffness The space ( X D , p D ) {\displaystyle \left(X_{D},p_{D}\right)} is Hausdorff if and only if p D {\displaystyle p_{D}} is a norm, which happens if and only if D {\displaystyle D} does not contain any non-trivial vecto... | Banach disk | 0.799228 |
83,377 | Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine is the official journal of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM). It is also the official journal of the Association of Clinical Biochemists in Ireland, the Belgian Society of Clinical Chemistry, the German United Society of Clinical Chem... | Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine | 0.799227 |
83,378 | Karl Weierstrass developed their work yet further and eventually proved the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem in 1885.In 1900 David Hilbert posed his famous collection of problems. The seventh of these, and one of the hardest in Hilbert's estimation, asked about the transcendence of numbers of the form ab where a and b are... | Transcendental number theory | 0.799227 |
83,379 | Given a Heyting algebra H and any subalgebra H1, the inclusion mapping i: H1 → H is a morphism. For any Heyting algebra H, the map x ↦ ¬¬x defines a morphism from H onto the Boolean algebra of its regular elements Hreg. This is not in general a morphism from H to itself, since the join operation of Hreg may be differen... | Free Heyting algebra | 0.799227 |
83,380 | In general, in quantum mechanics, when two observable operators do not commute, they are called complementary observables. Two complementary observables cannot be measured simultaneously; instead they satisfy an uncertainty principle. The more accurately one observable is known, the less accurately the other one can be... | Angular momentum (quantum mechanics) | 0.799227 |
83,381 | The realization of polyhedra using the circle packing theorem provides another strengthening of Steinitz's theorem: every 3-connected planar graph may be represented as a convex polyhedron in such a way that all of its edges are tangent to the same unit sphere, the midsphere of the polyhedron. By performing a carefully... | Steinitz's theorem | 0.799227 |
83,382 | A module is faithfully flat if taking the tensor product with a sequence produces an exact sequence if and only if the original sequence is exact. Although the concept is defined for modules over a non-necessary commutative ring, it is used mainly for commutative algebras. So, this is the only case that is considered h... | Faithfully flat algebra | 0.799226 |
83,383 | It offers education in geology, geophysics, engineering and management of mining, geological prospecting. The university offers dozens of graduate and postgraduate programmes. The geologists of the university have discovered hundreds of deposits in Urals and Siberia. | Ural State Mining University | 0.799226 |
83,384 | As substances, celestial bodies have matter (aether) and form (a given period of uniform rotation). Sometimes Aristotle seems to regard them as living beings with a rational soul as their form (see also Metaphysics, bk. XII). | Aristotelian astronomy | 0.799226 |
83,385 | In this case, because the graph is 3-regular but not bipartite, by Brooks' theorem it has chromatic number 3. De Mier & Noy (2004) show that the Möbius ladders are uniquely determined by their Tutte polynomials. The Möbius ladder M8 has 392 spanning trees; it and M6 have the most spanning trees among all cubic graphs w... | Möbius ladder | 0.799226 |
83,386 | Since and since the set D {\displaystyle D} is dense, by continuity this function must map the entire set of n × n matrices to the zero matrix. Therefore, the Cayley–Hamilton theorem is true for complex numbers, and must therefore also hold for Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } - or R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } -valued ... | Cayley–Hamilton theorem | 0.799226 |
83,387 | Active contour model, also called snakes, is a framework in computer vision introduced by Michael Kass, Andrew Witkin, and Demetri Terzopoulos for delineating an object outline from a possibly noisy 2D image. The snakes model is popular in computer vision, and snakes are widely used in applications like object tracking... | Active contour | 0.799226 |
83,388 | The degree of a map is a homotopy invariant; moreover for continuous maps from the sphere to itself it is a complete homotopy invariant, i.e. two maps f , g: S n → S n {\displaystyle f,g:S^{n}\to S^{n}\,} are homotopic if and only if deg ( f ) = deg ( g ) {\displaystyle \deg(f)=\deg(g)} . In other words, degree is ... | Degree of a mapping | 0.799225 |
83,389 | Conclusions of this case-study stated that the IA allowed a greater understanding of the basis of the organisation's information policy and personnel and identified technical problems within the organisation. In addition this method was believed to be cost and time-effective to the two auditors involved and the organis... | Knowledge audit | 0.799225 |
83,390 | The TH-12 (Chinese: 天火-12; pinyin: Tiānhuǒ-12, lit. Sky Fire 12) is an oxidizer-rich gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene under development by Space Pioneer. The TH-12 utilizes 3D printing and has the highest target thrust among all commercial rocket engines in China. The engine features deep thro... | TH-12 | 0.799224 |
83,391 | An undirected graph is perfect if, in every induced subgraph, the chromatic number equals the size of the largest clique. In the comparability graph of a partially ordered set, a clique represents a chain and a coloring represents a partition into antichains, and induced subgraphs of comparability graphs are themselves... | Mirsky's theorem | 0.799224 |
83,392 | Building and operating a synchrotron light source require specialised infrastructure and a highly skilled workforce. Africa currently lacks the necessary infrastructure and expertise in accelerator physics and related fields. To meet the infrastructure and expertise requirements for the AfLS, it was suggested by Marcus... | African Light Source | 0.799224 |
83,393 | The study of functions of a complex variable is known as complex analysis and has enormous practical use in applied mathematics as well as in other branches of mathematics. Often, the most natural proofs for statements in real analysis or even number theory employ techniques from complex analysis (see prime number theo... | Complex number field | 0.799223 |
83,394 | In astrophysics, a magnetic mirror point is a point where the motion of a charged particle trapped in a magnetic field (such as the (approximately) dipole field of the Earth) reverses its direction. More precisely, it is the point where the projection of the particle's velocity vector in the direction of the field vect... | Magnetic mirror point | 0.799223 |
83,395 | Windows Vista's networking stack also uses several performance optimizations, which allow higher throughput by allowing faster recovery from packet losses, when using a high packet loss environment such as wireless networks. Windows Vista uses the NewReno (RFC 2582) algorithm which allows a sender to send more data whi... | Next Generation TCP/IP stack | 0.799223 |
83,396 | Zaida Ann "Zan" Luthey-Schulten is the William and Janet Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She was promoted to professor in 2004. She is also involved with the NASA Astrobiology Institute.Luthey-Schulten develops molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on individual molecu... | Zaida Luthey-Schulten | 0.799223 |
83,397 | Hao is known in the technology world for her coverage of new AI research findings and their societal and ethical impacts. Her writing has spanned research and issues regarding big tech data privacy, misinformation, deepfakes, facial recognition, and AI healthcare tools. In March 2021, Hao published a piece that uncover... | Karen Hao | 0.799223 |
83,398 | Throughout this section, X {\displaystyle X} will be a topological vector space (TVS) with continuous dual space X ′ {\displaystyle X'} and ( X , X ′ , ⟨ ∙ , ∙ ⟩ ) {\displaystyle (X,X',\langle \bullet ,\bullet \rangle )} will be the canonical pairing, where by definition ⟨ x , x ′ ⟩ = x ′ ( x ) . {\displaystyle \langle... | Polar topologies | 0.799222 |
83,399 | Becker failed in the end to correctly distinguish classical and intuitionistic negation, but he made a start. In an appendix to his book on mathematical existence, Becker set the problem of finding a formal calculus for intuitionistic logic. In a series of works in the early 1950s he surveyed modal, intuitionistic, pro... | Oskar Becker | 0.799222 |
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