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83,500 | Zn is an essential biological nutrient in the oceans, and its concentration is largely controlled by uptake by phytoplankton and remineralization. In addition to its critical role in many metalloenzymes (see Zinc Biology section), Zn is an important component of the carbonate shells of foraminifera and siliceous frustu... | Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry | 0.799202 |
83,501 | Although "Euclidean division" is named after Euclid, it seems that he did not know the existence and uniqueness theorem, and that the only computation method that he knew was the division by repeated subtraction.Before the discovery of Hindu–Arabic numeral system, which was introduced in Europe during the 13th century ... | Euclidean division | 0.799202 |
83,502 | Koenig is an artificial intelligence and robotics researcher who develops techniques for planning and learning under uncertainty and time constraints, both for single agents and teams of agents. His research often combines ideas from artificial intelligence and robotics with ideas from other disciplines, such as decisi... | Sven Koenig (computer scientist) | 0.799201 |
83,503 | Half of these possibilities, those where the left boundary is even, correspond to the 8 types of DCT; the other half are the 8 types of DST. These different boundary conditions strongly affect the applications of the transform and lead to uniquely useful properties for the various DCT types. Most directly, when using F... | Discrete Cosine Transform | 0.799201 |
83,504 | Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, however, considers processes in which the states of the system are close to thermodynamic equilibrium, and aims to describe the continuous passage along the path, at definite rates of progress. As a useful theoretical but not actually physically realizable limiting case, a process may be... | Thermodynamic processes | 0.799201 |
83,505 | A force f ( t ) ∈ R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbf {f} (t)\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}} , dependent on time t ∈ R {\displaystyle t\in \mathbb {R} } , acting on a body of assumed constant mass m ∈ R {\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {R} } for a time interval {\displaystyle \lbrack t_{0},t_{1}\rbrack } generates a change in the body’s mome... | Collision response | 0.799201 |
83,506 | FIRSTFor Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology – is an organization founded by inventor Dean Kamen in 1989 to develop ways to inspire students in engineering and technology fields. FissionIn nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in wh... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.7992 |
83,507 | In solid state physics, certain types of crystalline dislocations, such as screw dislocations, can be described by topological solitons. An example includes screw-type dislocations associated with Germanium whiskers. | Topological quantum number | 0.7992 |
83,508 | Pramod Viswanath is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Princeton University. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to the theory and practice of wireless communications. Viswanath received his bachelor's degree from National Inst... | Pramod Viswanath | 0.7992 |
83,509 | The book Plantesamfund was based on Warming's lectures on plant geography at the University of Copenhagen. It gives an introduction to all major biomes of the world. Warming's aim, and his major lasting impact on the development of ecology, was to explain how nature solved similar problems (drought, flooding, cold, sal... | Etudes sur la famille des Podostemacees | 0.7992 |
83,510 | An eigenvalue is said to be non-degenerate if its eigenspace is one-dimensional. The eigenvalues of the matrices representing physical observables in quantum mechanics give the measurable values of these observables while the eigenstates corresponding to these eigenvalues give the possible states in which the system ma... | Degenerate orbital | 0.7992 |
83,511 | In cryptography, CRAM-MD5 is a challenge–response authentication mechanism (CRAM) based on the HMAC-MD5 algorithm. As one of the mechanisms supported by the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL), it is often used in email software as part of SMTP Authentication and for the authentication of POP and IMAP users... | CRAM-MD5 | 0.7992 |
83,512 | With the definitions of integration and derivatives, key theorems can be formulated, including the fundamental theorem of calculus, integration by parts, and Taylor's theorem. Evaluating a mixture of integrals and derivatives can be done by using theorem differentiation under the integral sign. | Real function | 0.7992 |
83,513 | Infinite Recharge (stylized in all caps) is the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) game for the 2021 season. The season is in partnership with Lucasfilm as part of its Star Wars: Force for Change initiative. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 season is the first season in history to begin with no events scheduled, wi... | Infinite Recharge (2021) | 0.7992 |
83,514 | Copper forms Zintl phases such as Li7CuSi2 and M3Cu3Sb4 (M = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, or Er).Silver is a soft metal (MH 2.5–3) with low mechanical strength. It has a close-packed face-centred cubic structure (BCN 12). The chemistry of silver is dominated by its +1 valence state in which it shows generally... | Post-transition metal | 0.7992 |
83,515 | The longer the array, the lower frequency the pattern will control. At frequencies below 100 Hz (wavelength of 11.3 feet (3.4 m)) the line array which is less than approximately 3 meter long will start to become omnidirectional, so the system will not conform to line array theory across all frequencies. Above about 400... | Line array | 0.7992 |
83,516 | In algebra, the Amitsur–Levitzki theorem states that the algebra of n × n matrices over a commutative ring satisfies a certain identity of degree 2n. It was proved by Amitsur and Levitsky (1950). In particular matrix rings are polynomial identity rings such that the smallest identity they satisfy has degree exactly 2n. | Amitsur–Levitzki theorem | 0.799199 |
83,517 | Like BLAS, a reference implementation exists, but many alternatives like libFlame and MKL exist. Mir An LLVM-accelerated generic numerical library for science and machine learning written in D. It provides generic linear algebra subprograms (GLAS). It can be built on a CBLAS implementation. | Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms | 0.799199 |
83,518 | The codomain of this group has two generators, and α maps to one of them. The topology on O is defined so that { Image of α in H n ( M , M ∖ { p } ; Z ): p ∈ U } {\displaystyle \{{\text{Image of }}\alpha {\text{ in }}H_{n}\left(M,M\setminus \{p\};\mathbf {Z} \right)\colon p\in U\}} is open. There is a canonical map π: ... | Oriented manifold | 0.799199 |
83,519 | Other related mathematical rings are also called "Hecke algebras", although sometimes the link to Hecke operators is not entirely obvious. These algebras include certain quotients of the group algebras of braid groups. The presence of this commutative operator algebra plays a significant role in the harmonic analysis o... | Hecke operator | 0.799198 |
83,520 | Croft earned a bachelor's degree with honors in 1973 and a master's degree in computer science in 1974 from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. He earned his Ph.D in computer science from the University of Cambridge in 1979 and joined the University of Massachusetts, Amherst faculty later that year. | W. Bruce Croft | 0.799198 |
83,521 | As an example, the Peierls-Mermin-Wagner theorems prove that a one dimensional system cannot spontaneously break a continuous symmetry at any non-zero temperature. Recent progress on the phenomenon of many-body localization has revealed classes of generic (typically disordered) many-body systems which never reach local... | Localization-protected quantum order | 0.799198 |
83,522 | He was a keen amateur astronomer with a particular interest in the Sun. In 1885 he became the world's first professor of astronomical physics at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, now part of Imperial College. At the college, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and here he directed research unt... | Norman Lockyer | 0.799197 |
83,523 | Main controllers tend to be expensive, therefore such a topology is not very well suited for systems with multiple remote locations that have only a few doors. All other RS-485-related disadvantages listed in the first paragraph apply.3. Serial main controllers & intelligent readers. | Access control system | 0.799197 |
83,524 | Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics (347): 1–17. PMID 15544194. Ruff, Christopher (October 2002). | Tall stature | 0.799197 |
83,525 | High ultrastructural quality is preserved in the tissue that is imaged by fluorescence microscope and then electron microscope. This is especially useful for the neuroscience research that requires both molecular labeling and electron microscopic imaging.In diagnostic biosensor applications NANOBODIES® may be used pros... | Single-domain antibody | 0.799197 |
83,526 | Because polarization appears similar in 16 European countries as well as the U.S. it seems likely that similar forces affect these shared economic developments. Loss of American manufacturing jobs to overseas global competitors has removed many middle skill jobs. Structural changes with more investment in robotics has ... | Polarization (economics) | 0.799197 |
83,527 | The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, applied physics: Applied physics – physics intended for a particular technological or practical use. It is usually considered as a bridge or a connection between "pure" physics and engineering.Applied Physics – is the proper name of a journal fo... | Outline of applied physics | 0.799197 |
83,528 | In chemistry, stereoselectivity is the property of a chemical reaction in which a single reactant forms an unequal mixture of stereoisomers during a non-stereospecific creation of a new stereocenter or during a non-stereospecific transformation of a pre-existing one. The selectivity arises from differences in steric an... | Stereoselectivity | 0.799196 |
83,529 | Donald Gene Truhlar (born 27 February 1944, Chicago) is an American scientist working in theoretical and computational chemistry and chemical physics with special emphases on quantum mechanics and chemical dynamics. | Donald Truhlar | 0.799196 |
83,530 | They gave an interpretation of the Wang algebra as a particular type of Grassman algebra mod 2. In 1969 Wai-Kai Chen used the Wang algebra formulation to give a unification of several different techniques for generating the trees of a graph. The Wang algebra formulation has been used to systematically generate King-Alt... | Wang algebra | 0.799196 |
83,531 | Epigenetic theories of homosexuality concern the studies of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, and their role in the development of homosexuality. Epigenetics examines the set of chemical reactions that switch parts of the genome on a... | Epigenetic theories of homosexuality | 0.799196 |
83,532 | In linear algebra, a coefficient matrix is a matrix consisting of the coefficients of the variables in a set of linear equations. The matrix is used in solving systems of linear equations. | Matrix of coefficients | 0.799195 |
83,533 | Pearl succeeds in bringing together in a general nonparametric framework the counterfactual tradition of causal analysis with the variants of structural equation modeling worth keeping. The graph theory that he uses to accomplish this fusion is often elegant. Thus, Causality is a major statement, which all who claim to... | Causality (book) | 0.799195 |
83,534 | According to Croarken, the Ministry was also interested in the new arrival of a differential analyzer accommodating eight integrators. This exotic computing device built by Metropolitan-Vickers in 1939 consisted of wheel and disk mechanisms that could provide descriptions and solutions for differential equations. Outpu... | History of numerical solution of differential equations using computers | 0.799195 |
83,535 | TME came bundled with a hierarchical database management system called RAPID (Record Access Program Independent of Data). This was built around 1900 IDMS, and consisted of a set of user interfaces which provided a "user friendly" graphical database schema design and configuration environment, and an RML COBOL-based pro... | International Computers Limited | 0.799194 |
83,536 | Developments in computer science would lead to parallels being drawn between human thought and the computational functionality of computers, opening entirely new areas of psychological thought. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon spent years developing the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and later worked with cognit... | Behavioral analysis | 0.799194 |
83,537 | COSFIRE stands for Combination Of Shifted FIlter REsponses. COSFIRE is a trainable filter, which can be used for interest point (keypoint) detection and pattern recognition in the field of computer vision. == References == | COSFIRE | 0.799193 |
83,538 | Class III β-tubulin, otherwise known as βIII-tubulin (β3-tubulin) or β-tubulin III, is a microtubule element of the tubulin family found almost exclusively in neurons, and in testis cells. In humans, it is encoded by the TUBB3 gene.It is possible to use monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry to identify neurons... | Class III β-tubulin | 0.799193 |
83,539 | The same commutation relations apply for the other angular momentum operators (spin and total angular momentum): These can be assumed to hold in analogy with L. Alternatively, they can be derived as discussed below. These commutation relations mean that L has the mathematical structure of a Lie algebra, and the εlmn ar... | Angular momentum (quantum mechanics) | 0.799193 |
83,540 | Interface and colloid science had existed for nearly a century before they became associated with nanotechnology. The first observations and size measurements of nanoparticles had been made during the first decade of the 20th century by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, who made a de... | History of nanotechnology | 0.799193 |
83,541 | Monsan was educated at INSA Toulouse and the University of Toulouse where he graduated with an engineer degree (Ingénieur diplômé) in Biological Chemistry in 1969. He was then awarded his Doctor-Engineer Degree in 1971 and his PhD degree in 1977 from INSA Toulouse for research on enzyme immobilization. He served as lec... | Pierre Monsan | 0.799193 |
83,542 | Jeremy Howard (born 13 November 1973) is an Australian data scientist, entrepreneur, and educator.He is the co-founder of fast.ai, where he teaches introductory courses, develops software, and conducts research in the area of deep learning. Previously he founded and led Fastmail, Optimal Decisions Group, and Enlitic. H... | Jeremy Howard (entrepreneur) | 0.799193 |
83,543 | Geomatics integrates science and technology from both new and traditional disciplines: Geodesy Geodynamics Global positioning system (GPS) or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) Surveying (including land, cadastral, aerial, mining and engineering surveying) Hydrography Navigation Location-based services Cartograp... | Geospatial engineering | 0.799192 |
83,544 | A fail-fast function will normally throws a runtime exception, when some abnormal computation, is found making the system fail if no "catch" has been contemplated by any other, vs returning some error-value without making any (optimistic) assumption about the correct management of the raised error. From the field of so... | Fail-fast | 0.799192 |
83,545 | The perfect degree correlation means that each degree-k node is connected only to the same degree-k nodes. Such connectivity of nodes decide the topology of networks, which has an effect on robustness of network, the attribute discussed above. If the number of links between the hubs is the same as would be expected by ... | Hub (network science) | 0.799192 |
83,546 | He stayed an extra year at Madison, completing all the graduate course work for a master's degree in physics except for the thesis. In July 1928 at age 22, he was able to join the Bell Telephone Laboratories, and because of a kidney condition he had since college (which eventually led to his early death), he was sent t... | Karl Guthe Jansky | 0.799192 |
83,547 | The difference lies in the way the data is processed; in a key-value store, the data is considered to be inherently opaque to the database, whereas a document-oriented system relies on internal structure in the document in order to extract metadata that the database engine uses for further optimization. Although the di... | Document-oriented database | 0.799192 |
83,548 | A traditional objection to big data is, that it cannot cope with rapid change: events move faster that the statistics can keep up with. Yet the technology now exists for corporations like Amazon, Google and Microsoft to pump cloud-based data streams from app-users straight into big data analytics programmes, in real ti... | Fuzzy concept | 0.799192 |
83,549 | Cryocoolers are a key enabling technology for applications infrared detection and applied superconductivity. Applications include superconducting electronics and quantum computing. Compact cryocoolers have been developed for superconducting photon detectors. | Cryocooler | 0.799192 |
83,550 | In mathematics, the Seifert–Van Kampen theorem of algebraic topology (named after Herbert Seifert and Egbert van Kampen), sometimes just called Van Kampen's theorem, expresses the structure of the fundamental group of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} in terms of the fundamental groups of two open, path-connected... | Seifert–Van Kampen theorem | 0.799191 |
83,551 | The concept of a port also played a part in the development of the theory, and proved to be a more useful idea than network terminals. The first milestone on the way to network synthesis was an important paper by Ronald M. Foster (1924), A Reactance Theorem, in which Foster introduces the idea of a driving point impeda... | Voice frequency telegraphy | 0.799191 |
83,552 | Diphosphines, sometimes called bisphosphanes, are organophosphorus compounds most commonly used as bidentate phosphine ligands in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. They are identified by the presence of two phosphino groups linked by a backbone, and are usually chelating. A wide variety of diphosphines have been ... | Diphosphine ligand | 0.799191 |
83,553 | The idea of general finite differences also means that FPM is not based on a weak formulation like Galerkin's approach. Rather, FPM is a strong formulation which models differential equations by direct approximation of the occurring differential operators. The method used is a moving least squares idea which was especi... | Finite pointset method | 0.799191 |
83,554 | Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation. The discipline is an overlap of astronomy and chemistry. The word "astrochemistry" may be applied to both the Solar System and the interstellar medium. | Astronomy | 0.799191 |
83,555 | The development of the World Wide Web and the Digital Revolution had a complex impact on bibliometrics. The web itself and some of its key components (such as search engines) were partly a product of bibliometrics theory. In its original form, it was derived from a bibliographic scientific infrastructure commissioned t... | Bibliometrics | 0.799191 |
83,556 | Cederbaum's theorem defines hypothetical analog electrical networks which will automatically produce a solution to the minimum s–t cut problem. Alternatively, simulation of such a network will also produce a solution to the minimum s–t cut problem. This article gives basic definitions, a statement of the theorem and a ... | Cederbaum's maximum flow theorem | 0.799191 |
83,557 | Hydrogeology is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust. Environmental geology is applied in this field as environmental problems are created in groundwater pollution due to mining, agriculture, and other human activities. Pollution is ... | Environmental geology | 0.799191 |
83,558 | It wasn't until the 1970s with Lauterbur's and Mansfield's developments that NMR could be used to produce images of the body. Lauterbur used the idea of Robert Gabillard (developed in his doctoral thesis, 1952) of introducing gradients in the magnetic field which allows for determining the origin of the radio waves emi... | Paul Lauterbur | 0.79919 |
83,559 | The main use of POD is to decompose a physical field (like pressure, temperature in fluid dynamics or stress and deformation in structural analysis), depending on the different variables that influence its physical behaviors. As its name hints, it's operating an Orthogonal Decomposition along with the Principal Compone... | Proper orthogonal decomposition | 0.79919 |
83,560 | However, pathology as a formal area of specialty was not fully developed until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the advent of detailed study of microbiology. In the 19th century, physicians had begun to understand that disease-causing pathogens, or "germs" (a catch-all for disease-causing, or pathogenic, mi... | Pathology | 0.79919 |
83,561 | Between 2008-2018 Gary Fogel was editor-in-chief of the Elsevier journal BioSystems. He has served previously as an associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine (2005-2010), IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (2001-2013), IEEE Transactions on Eme... | Gary B. Fogel | 0.79919 |
83,562 | The Edmonds–Gallai decomposition theorem, which was proved independently by Gallai and Jack Edmonds, describes finite graphs from the point of view of matchings. Gallai also proved, with Milgram, Dilworth's theorem in 1947, but as they hesitated to publish the result, Dilworth independently discovered and published it.... | Tibor Gallai | 0.79919 |
83,563 | After delineating the boundaries of the HCP area and the species within that area to be included in the HCP, current biological information for each of those species must be obtained. Data pertaining to the species' ecology, geographical distribution, and occurrence is required and may be available from existing source... | Habitat Conservation Plan | 0.79919 |
83,564 | This function has been used to describe persistence in polymer chains in good and theta solvents, branched polymers, polymers of complex topology such as star polymers, mass fractal primary particles/aggregates/agglomerates, rod diameter/length, disk thickness/width and other complex hierarchical structures. The lead c... | Unified scattering function | 0.799189 |
83,565 | In collaboration with Emmanuel Candes and Justin Romberg, Tao has made notable contributions to the field of compressed sensing. In mathematical terms, most of their results identify settings in which a convex optimisation problem correctly computes the solution of an optimisation problem which seems to lack a computat... | Terence Tao | 0.799189 |
83,566 | In physics, the Callan–Symanzik equation is a differential equation describing the evolution of the n-point correlation functions under variation of the energy scale at which the theory is defined and involves the beta function of the theory and the anomalous dimensions. As an example, for a quantum field theory with o... | Callan–Symanzik equation | 0.799188 |
83,567 | As the symmetric algebra of a vector space is a quotient of the tensor algebra, an element of the symmetric algebra is not a tensor, and, in particular, is not a symmetric tensor. However, symmetric tensors are strongly related to the symmetric algebra. A symmetric tensor of degree n is an element of Tn(V) that is inva... | Symmetric algebra | 0.799188 |
83,568 | TGF beta receptor 2 consists of a C-terminal protein kinase domain and an N-terminal ectodomain. The ectodomain consists of a compact fold containing nine beta-strands and a single helix stabilised by a network of six intra strand disulphide bonds. The folding topology includes a central five-stranded antiparallel beta... | TGF beta receptor 2 | 0.799188 |
83,569 | Rescale s by a factor of 2C/g. Then if g is non-zero, by the linearity of D, |Ds(y)|=2C>C, which is impossible by Lemma 1. This proves the theorem in the punctured neighborhood V\{x}.Now, we must continue the differential operator to the central point x in the punctured neighborhood. | Peetre theorem | 0.799188 |
83,570 | A combination of PAAc with another polymer that is less sensitive to changes at neutral pH might increase the residence time and slow the release of the drug, thus improving bioavailability and effectiveness. Hydrogels are polymer networks that do not dissolve in water but swell or collapse in changing aqueous environm... | Functional polymers | 0.799187 |
83,571 | Since then, more than 200 organizations from more than 50 countries have joined CBOL and agreed to put their barcode data in a public database. CBOL promotes DNA barcoding through workshops, working groups, international conferences, outreach meetings to developing countries, planning meetings for barcoding projects, a... | Consortium for the Barcode of Life | 0.799187 |
83,572 | Since 1981 RANSAC has become a fundamental tool in the computer vision and image processing community. In 2006, for the 25th anniversary of the algorithm, a workshop was organized at the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) to summarize the most recent contributions and variations ... | Random sample consensus | 0.799187 |
83,573 | This property of automedian triangles stands in contrast to the Steiner–Lehmus theorem, according to which the only triangles two of whose angle bisectors have equal length are the isosceles triangles.Additionally, suppose that A B C {\displaystyle ABC} is an automedian triangle, in which vertex A {\displaystyle A} sta... | Automedian triangle | 0.799187 |
83,574 | Dispersion curves - graphs that show relationships between wave velocity, wavelength and frequency in dispersive systems - can be presented in various forms. The form that gives the greatest insight into the underlying physics has ω {\displaystyle \omega } (angular frequency) on the y-axis and k (wave number) on the x-... | Lamb waves | 0.799187 |
83,575 | In literate societies, historians may find written evidence of climatic variations over hundreds or thousands of years, such as phenological records of natural processes, for example viticultural records of grape harvest dates. In preliterate or non-literate societies, researchers must rely on other techniques to find ... | Historical climatology | 0.799187 |
83,576 | This is in contrast with the Lewis structure which would place the fluorine lone pair electrons into discrete coincident pairs. Further, the lone pairs of electrons associated with the central chlorine atom reside in two kidney-shaped lobes which lie in the equatorial plane along with one of the fluorine atoms. This st... | Linnett Double-Quartet Theory | 0.799187 |
83,577 | SAE Aerospace standard AS5643 originally released in 2004 and reaffirmed in 2013 establishes IEEE-1394 standards as a military and aerospace databus network in those vehicles. AS5643 is utilized by several large programs, including the F-35 Lightning II, the X-47B UCAV aircraft, AGM-154 weapon and JPSS-1 polar satellit... | IEEE 1394 | 0.799186 |
83,578 | Projective geometry is less restrictive than either Euclidean geometry or affine geometry. It is an intrinsically non-metrical geometry, meaning that facts are independent of any metric structure. Under the projective transformations, the incidence structure and the relation of projective harmonic conjugates are preser... | Axioms of projective geometry | 0.799186 |
83,579 | The renewable energy transition requires increased extraction of certain metals and minerals. This impacts the environment and can lead to environmental conflict.The International Energy Agency does not recognise shortages of resources but states that supply could struggle to keep pace with the world's climate ambition... | Renewable energy resource | 0.799186 |
83,580 | Source transformation is the process of simplifying a circuit solution, especially with mixed sources, by transforming voltage sources into current sources, and vice versa, using Thévenin's theorem and Norton's theorem respectively. | Source transformation | 0.799185 |
83,581 | The combination of genetics and archeological findings have been used to trace the earliest signs of plant domestication around the world. However, since the nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes used to trace domestication's moment of origin have evolved at different rates, its use to trace genealogy have be... | Genetic history | 0.799185 |
83,582 | However, there is much more to learn through direct study of species' ecology in human-dominated ecosystems, through what is known as focused natural history. Rosenzweig cites four examples: shrikes (Laniidae) thrived in altered landscapes when wooden fence post perches allowed them easy access to pouncing on prey, but... | Reconciliation ecology | 0.799185 |
83,583 | We say that ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is densely defined if and only if M ϕ + {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}_{\phi }^{+}} is a dense subset of A ≥ 0 {\displaystyle A_{\geq 0}} , or equivalently, if and only if either N ϕ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}_{\phi }} or M ϕ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}_{\phi }} is a dense subset... | Locally compact quantum group | 0.799185 |
83,584 | The modern concept of polymers as covalently bonded macromolecular structures was proposed in 1920 by Hermann Staudinger. One sub-field in the study of polymers is polymer physics. As a part of soft matter studies, Polymer physics concerns itself with the study of mechanical properties and focuses on the perspective of... | Path integrals in polymer science | 0.799184 |
83,585 | Since the connection between the prior knowledge and the dataset is established, there is less chance for human factor errors which potentially increases the objectivity of image reconstruction.With emerging new methods of cryo-TEM imaging and image reconstruction the new software solutions appear that help to automate... | Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy | 0.799184 |
83,586 | In molecular biology, adenylosuccinate synthase (or adenylosuccinate synthetase) (EC 6.3.4.4) is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartic acid to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), phosphate a... | Adenylosuccinate synthetase | 0.799184 |
83,587 | New in 2.2.0: Response Rate Limiting white listing, support for URI (RFC 7553) and CAA (RFC 6844) resource record types, interactive mode for 'knotc', new control interface for the server including simple Python bindings. New in 2.3.0: DNSSEC signing configured in server configuration, automatic NSEC3 resalting, zone o... | Knot DNS | 0.799184 |
83,588 | Logistics automation systems comprise a variety of hardware and software components: Fixed machinery Automated storage and retrieval systems, including: Cranes serve a rack of locations, allowing many levels of stock to be stacked vertically, and allowing for higher storage densities and better space utilization than a... | Logistics automation | 0.799184 |
83,589 | In late 2009, Stephen Goff was named PI and Daniel Stanzione was added as a Co-PI. As of May 2014, Co-PI Stanzione was replaced by 4 new Co-PIs: Doreen Ware at Cold Spring Harbor, Nirav Merchant and Eric Lyons at the University of Arizona, and Matthew Vaughn at the Texas Advanced Computing Center.The iPlant project sup... | IPlant Collaborative | 0.799184 |
83,590 | Belevitch's theorem is a theorem in electrical network analysis due to the Russo-Belgian mathematician Vitold Belevitch (1921–1999). The theorem provides a test for a given S-matrix to determine whether or not it can be constructed as a lossless rational two-port network. Lossless implies that the network contains only... | Belevitch's theorem | 0.799183 |
83,591 | AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005 AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988 BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: ... | List of nuclear research reactors | 0.799183 |
83,592 | The space (e.g., real, complex, or projective) in which the object is defined, is extrinsic to the object, while the ring is intrinsic. Grothendieck laid a new foundation for algebraic geometry by making intrinsic spaces ("spectra") and associated rings the primary objects of study. | Alexander Grothendieck | 0.799183 |
83,593 | Companies such as Nvidia and AMD Graphics (formerly ATI) are two current leading representatives of hardware vendors in this space. The GeForce line of graphics cards from Nvidia was the first to support full OpenGL and Direct3D hardware geometry processing in the consumer PC market, while some earlier products such as... | Geometry Engine | 0.799183 |
83,594 | Simula, invented in the late 1960s by Nygaard and Dahl as a superset of ALGOL 60, was the first language designed to support object-oriented programming. FORTH, the earliest concatenative programming language was designed by Charles Moore in 1969 as a personal development system while at the National Radio Astronomy Ob... | History of programming languages | 0.799183 |
83,595 | {\displaystyle (g\circ g^{\prime })\cdot m=g\cdot (g^{\prime }\cdot m)\in {\mathcal {M}}.} The orbit M {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}} of the template becomes the space of all shapes, M ≐ { m = g ⋅ m t e m p , g ∈ G } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}\doteq \{m=g\cdot m_{\mathrm {temp} },g\in {\mathcal {G}}\}} , being homog... | Computational Anatomy | 0.799182 |
83,596 | Weka contains a collection of visualization tools and algorithms for data analysis and predictive modeling, together with graphical user interfaces for easy access to these functions. The original non-Java version of Weka was a Tcl/Tk front-end to (mostly third-party) modeling algorithms implemented in other programmin... | Weka (machine learning) | 0.799182 |
83,597 | Most proof systems provide ways to deduce one sequent from another. These inference rules are written with a list of sequents above and below a line. This rule indicates that if everything above the line is true, so is everything under the line. A typical rule is: Γ , α ⊢ Σ Γ ⊢ α Γ ⊢ Σ {\displaystyle {\frac {\Gamma ,\a... | Sequent | 0.799182 |
83,598 | The Center for NanoScience (CeNS) was founded in 1998 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) in Munich. Its aim is to promote, bundle and join interdisciplinary research in the field of nanoscience in the Munich area. CeNS is an association of working groups from basic research and industry and acts as a network wh... | Center for NanoScience | 0.799182 |
83,599 | Many methods for introducing DNA sequences into organisms to create recombinant DNA and genetically modified organisms use the process of homologous recombination. Also called gene targeting, the method is especially common in yeast and mouse genetics. The gene targeting method in knockout mice uses mouse embryonic ste... | Homolog recombination | 0.799182 |
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