id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
87,400 | Topological Clustering or Topological Data Analysis (TDA) provides a general framework to analyze high dimensional, incomplete, and noisy data in a way that reduces dimensional and gives a robustness to noise. The idea that is that the shape of data sets contains relevant information. When this information is a homolog... | Biological network inference | 0.798392 |
87,401 | The National University of Food Technology consists of 21 faculties (including eight via correspondence or satellite campuses) which are located in the following regions of Ukraine: Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Lutsk, Kerch, Lviv, Poltava, Svaliava, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Simferopol, Smila, Sumy, and Odesa. In Kyiv,... | National University of Food Technologies | 0.798392 |
87,402 | in physics and mathematics 1972 D.Sc. in physics and mathematics 1992 ProfessorSince 1991 he is member of Academia Europaea. Since 1994 he is member of the Royal Astronomical Society. | Jaan Einasto | 0.798392 |
87,403 | In computer science, algebraic semantics is a form of axiomatic semantics based on algebraic laws for describing and reasoning about program specifications in a formal manner. | Algebraic semantics (computer science) | 0.798392 |
87,404 | A host–guest complex, also known as a donor–acceptor complex, may be formed from a Lewis base, B, and a Lewis acid, A. The host may be either a donor or an acceptor. In biochemistry host–guest complexes are known as receptor-ligand complexes; they are formed primarily by non-covalent bonding. Many host–guest complexes ... | Equilibrium chemistry | 0.798392 |
87,405 | Bill Joy argued that "better software" can only enable its privileged end users, make reality more power-pointy as opposed to more humane, and ultimately run away with itself so that "the future doesn't need us." He openly questioned the goals of software engineering in this respect, asking why it isn't trying to be mo... | Software engineering professionalism | 0.798391 |
87,406 | D-Wave demonstrated what they claimed to be a 28-qubit quantum annealing processor on November 12, 2007. The chip was fabricated at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Microdevices Lab in Pasadena, California.In May 2013, a collaboration between NASA, Google and the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) launche... | D-Wave Systems | 0.798391 |
87,407 | Young-Tae Chang is a South Korean chemist. He is a professor of chemistry at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Associate Director under Kim Kimoon at the Center for Self-assembly and Complexity at the Institute for Basic Science located on the POSTECH campus. Young-Tae Chang was born in Pusan, S... | Young-Tae Chang | 0.798391 |
87,408 | In fact, when Whiston's edition was published, Newton was so upset he considered purchasing all of the copies so he could destroy them. The Arithmetica touches on algebraic notation, arithmetic, the relationship between geometry and algebra, and the solution of equations. Newton also applied Descartes' rule of signs to... | Arithmetica Universalis | 0.798391 |
87,409 | Community fingerprinting is a set of molecular biology techniques that can be used to quickly profile the diversity of a microbial community. Rather than directly identifying or counting individual cells in an environmental sample, these techniques show how many variants of a gene are present. In general, it is assumed... | Community fingerprinting | 0.79839 |
87,410 | A pair of spaces is an ordered pair (X, A) where X is a topological space and A a subspace (with the subspace topology). The use of pairs of spaces is sometimes more convenient and technically superior to taking a quotient space of X by A. Pairs of spaces occur centrally in relative homology, homology theory and cohomo... | Pair of spaces | 0.79839 |
87,411 | In mathematics, an operator is generally a mapping or function that acts on elements of a space to produce elements of another space (possibly and sometimes required to be the same space). There is no general definition of an operator, but the term is often used in place of function when the domain is a set of function... | Mathematical operator | 0.79839 |
87,412 | Conventional "textbook" theories of "size" and distance perception do not refer to the perceived visual angle (e.g., Gregory, 1963, 1970, 1998, 2008) and some researchers even deny that it exists (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2002). This idea that one does not see the different directions in which objects lie from oneself is a b... | Visual angle illusion | 0.79839 |
87,413 | Farkas's lemma can be varied to many further theorems of alternative by simple modifications, such as Gordan's theorem: Either A x < 0 {\displaystyle Ax<0} has a solution x, or A T y = 0 {\displaystyle A^{\mathsf {T}}y=0} has a nonzero solution y with y ≥ 0. Common applications of Farkas' lemma include proving the stro... | Farkas lemma | 0.79839 |
87,414 | Hans Fisher had mapped the composition of a hem group. In 1929 Fischer succeeded in producing the substance and proving that its ring has a central atom of iron, as he also continued studying other pigmented substances of a biological importance of biochemistry such as chlorophyll, the color that plays part in a plants... | Hans Fischer | 0.798389 |
87,415 | This is the seed idea generalized in Noether's theorem. Several alternative methods for finding conserved quantities were developed in the 19th century, especially by William Rowan Hamilton. For example, he developed a theory of canonical transformations which allowed changing coordinates so that some coordinates disap... | Noether charge | 0.798389 |
87,416 | In order to improve accuracy of the method it is possible to apply monotonicity tests and higher order sensitivity analysis. The method can be applied to the solution of linear and nonlinear problems of computational mechanics . Applications of sensitivity analysis method to the solution of civil engineering problems c... | Interval FEM | 0.798389 |
87,417 | However, with the introduction of more widespread warfare, these quantities increased and were thus easy to lose track of and contain. According to Hooper & Hambric in their piece Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): The Problem, if we are unable to move away from war in the context of conflict resolution, this problem will only... | Applied geophysics | 0.798389 |
87,418 | KeYmaera (previously called HyKeY) is a deductive verification tool for hybrid systems based on a calculus for the differential dynamic logic dL . It extends the KeY tool with computer algebra systems like Mathematica and corresponding algorithms and proof strategies such that it can be used for practical verification... | KeY | 0.798389 |
87,419 | The Bruhat–Tits building of a simple algebraic group over a field with a discrete valuation is aspherical. The complement of a knot in S3 is aspherical, by the sphere theorem Metric spaces with nonpositive curvature in the sense of Aleksandr D. Aleksandrov (locally CAT(0) spaces) are aspherical. In the case of Riemanni... | Aspherical manifold | 0.798389 |
87,420 | In chemistry, the cage effect (also known as geminate recombination) describes how the properties of a molecule are affected by its surroundings. First introduced by James Franck and Eugene Rabinowitch in 1934, the cage effect suggests that instead of acting as an individual particle, molecules in solvent are more accu... | Cage effect | 0.798389 |
87,421 | The special feature among tetrodes and pentodes is the possibility to obtain ultra-linear or distributed load operation with an appropriate output transformer. In practice, in addition to loading the plate terminal, distributed loading (of which ultra linear circuit is a specific form) distributes the load also to cath... | Tube sound | 0.798388 |
87,422 | 1937: Projective Geometry, John Wiley & Sons. Reviews: 1939: "The artificial arithmetik in decimals of Robert Jager 1651", Isis 31(1):25–31. 1941: "The Inversive Plane", American Mathematical Monthly 48: 589–99, doi:10.2307/2303867 MR0006034 | Boyd Crumrine Patterson | 0.798388 |
87,423 | In mathematics, an initial algebra is an initial object in the category of F-algebras for a given endofunctor F. This initiality provides a general framework for induction and recursion. | Initial algebra | 0.798388 |
87,424 | The tests are effective for detecting sickle cell disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformations, and cerebral circulatory arrest. The tests are possibly useful for perioperative monitoring and meningeal infection. The equipment used for these tests is becoming increasin... | Duplex ultrasonography | 0.798387 |
87,425 | William McCune proved the conjecture in 1996, using the automated theorem prover EQP. For a complete proof of the Robbins conjecture in one consistent notation and following McCune closely, see Mann (2003). Dahn (1998) simplified McCune's machine proof. | Robbins conjecture | 0.798387 |
87,426 | Tanton received his B.A. in mathematics from the University of Adelaide, and he earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1994, with a thesis in algebraic topology titled A Homological Fibration for Gl . He taught at the New College, St. | James Tanton | 0.798387 |
87,427 | It has also been used more broadly in evolutionary and paleontological research to host curated images associated with published research on lacewing insects geckos, raptor birds, dinosaurs, frogs and nematodes. MorphoBank is increasingly used in conjunction with the Paleobiology Database.Example published projects: Pr... | Morphobank | 0.798387 |
87,428 | In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 19 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside h... | Glycoside hydrolase family 19 | 0.798387 |
87,429 | Pinches are used to generate X-rays and the intense magnetic fields generated are used in electromagnetic forming of metals. They also have applications in particle beams including particle beam weapons, astrophysics studies and it has been proposed to use them in space propulsion. A number of large pinch machines have... | Pinch (plasma physics) | 0.798386 |
87,430 | Although dialyzing a sample is relatively simple, a universal dialysis procedure for all applications cannot be provided due to the following variables: The sample volume The size of the molecules being separated The membrane used The geometry of the membrane, which affects the diffusion distanceAdditionally, the dialy... | Dialysis (chemistry) | 0.798386 |
87,431 | Hood shared the Lasker Award in 1987 for these studies.Additionally, Hood was among the first to study, at the gene level, the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) gene family and the T-cell receptor gene families as well as being among first to demonstrate that alternative RNA splicing was a fundamental mechanism fo... | Leroy Hood | 0.798386 |
87,432 | The Standard Model of particle physics predicts a tiny separation of positive and negative charge within the neutron leading to a permanent electric dipole moment. But the predicted value is well below the current sensitivity of experiments. From several unsolved puzzles in particle physics, it is clear that the Standa... | Neutron | 0.798385 |
87,433 | The content of Civic Biology was not specifically discussed in the trial; rather the trial focused on the merits and problems with Darwin's theory of evolution. The Scopes Trial used Civic Biology as a tool to have a publicized and public debate on whether evolution should continue to be taught. The prosecution argued ... | Civic Biology | 0.798385 |
87,434 | Mechanical properties are important in structural and building materials as well as textile fabrics. In modern materials science, fracture mechanics is an important tool in improving the mechanical performance of materials and components. It applies the physics of stress and strain, in particular the theories of elasti... | Ceramic material | 0.798384 |
87,435 | The biochemical systems equation is a compact equation of nonlinear differential equations for describing a kinetic model for any network of coupled biochemical reactions and transport processes.The equation is expressed in the following form: d x d t = N v ( x ( p ) , p ) {\displaystyle {\dfrac {\bf {dx}}{dt}}={\bf {N... | Biochemical systems equation | 0.798384 |
87,436 | The development of high-speed and high-sensitivity pump–probe imaging techniques has enabled applications in several fields, such as materials science, biology, and art. | Pump-probe microscopy | 0.798384 |
87,437 | Liber Abaci (also spelled as Liber Abbaci; "The Book of Calculation") is a historic 1202 Latin manuscript on arithmetic by Leonardo of Pisa, posthumously known as Fibonacci. Liber Abaci was among the first Western books to describe the Hindu–Arabic numeral system and to use symbols resembling modern "Arabic numerals". ... | Liber Abaci | 0.798384 |
87,438 | DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC). NSAC provides advice on the nations program for basic nuclear science research. DoE and NSF share the responsibility for selecting NSAC's members. In 2017 she co-chaired the international conference on ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (Quark Matter 2017) confere... | Olga Evdokimov | 0.798384 |
87,439 | In civil engineering, special metal detectors (cover meters) are used to locate reinforcement bars inside walls. The most common type of metal detector is a hand-held metal detector or coil-based detectors using oval-shaped disks with built-in copper coils. The search coil works as sensing probe and must be moved over ... | Metal detector | 0.798384 |
87,440 | In thermochemistry, the enthalpy of solution (heat of solution or enthalpy of solvation) is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution. The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The energy ... | Enthalpy of dissolution | 0.798384 |
87,441 | Energy efficiency of the energy source, by using wind turbines to compressors or pumps there is a single conversion of mechanical to pneumatic or hydraulic energy, and by powering the compressor with stirling engine with a parabolic or fresnel lens solar concentrator there's thermal energy to mechanical energy conversi... | Compressed-air vehicle | 0.798383 |
87,442 | Advocates of technological abundance often argue for more extensive use of renewable energy and greater recycling in order to prevent future drops in availability of energy and raw materials, and reduce ecological damage. Solar energy in particular is often emphasized, as the cost of solar panels continues to drop (and... | Post scarcity | 0.798383 |
87,443 | Research at Harbin Institute of Technology spans a broad range of topics with a strong focus on engineering sciences. A 2009 analysis of research citations by Thomson Reuters Essential Science Indicators found HIT among the top 1% of institutions in the fields of Material Science, Chemistry, Engineering and Physics, an... | Harbin Institute of Technology | 0.798383 |
87,444 | Once the two preprocessor programs have run to completion all the Fortran 90 code has been generated that is necessary for modeling and assimilating the kinetic processes. A huge observational database of many different atmospheric constituents from a host of platforms are available from the AutoChem site.AutoChem has ... | Autochem | 0.798383 |
87,445 | Special sensors are used in various applications such as thermography, creation of multi-spectral images, video laryngoscopes, gamma cameras, sensor arrays for x-rays, and other highly sensitive arrays for astronomy.While in general, digital cameras use a flat sensor, Sony prototyped a curved sensor in 2014 to reduce/e... | Camera sensor | 0.798383 |
87,446 | Her argument focuses on what she perceives as the pseudoscientific speculations and irrational, fear-of-death-driven fantasies of these thinkers, their disregard for laymen and the remoteness of their eschatological visions.Another critique is aimed mainly at "algeny" (a portmanteau of alchemy and genetics), which Jere... | Transhumanism | 0.798383 |
87,447 | This results in an ulceration in the lining of the tissue, which begins to break down the attachment of the gum to the tooth. Gingival attachment begins to loosen further as the bacterial plaque continues to invade the space created by the swelling it causes. This plaque eventually transforms into calculus, and the pro... | Full mouth ultrasonic debridement | 0.798382 |
87,448 | For real quadratic integer rings, the ideal class number, which measures the failure of unique factorization, is given in OEIS A003649; for the imaginary case, they are given in OEIS A000924. Some of these examples are listed in Artin, Algebra (2nd ed. ), §13.8. | Imaginary quadratic field | 0.798382 |
87,449 | In February 2013, Judge Justice John Nicholas ruled in the Federal Court of Australia in favour of a Myriad Genetics patent on the BRCA1 gene. This was a landmark ruling, affirming the validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences. However, the U.S. Supreme Court came to the opposite conclusion only a few mo... | Biological patents | 0.798382 |
87,450 | Several algorithms in number theory and cryptography use differences of squares to find factors of integers and detect composite numbers. A simple example is the Fermat factorization method, which considers the sequence of numbers x i := a i 2 − N {\displaystyle x_{i}:=a_{i}^{2}-N} , for a i := ⌈ N ⌉ + i {\displaystyle... | Difference of two squares | 0.798381 |
87,451 | The same group then isolated the a similar preparation from whey and called it lactoflavin. In 1934, Kuhn's group identified the chemical structure of these flavins as identical, settled on "riboflavin" as a name, and were also able to synthesize the vitamin.Circa 1937, riboflavin was also referred to as "Vitamin G". I... | Riboflavin | 0.798381 |
87,452 | Along with these, many other CAI projects were initiated in many countries including the US, the UK, and Canada.At the same time that CAI was gaining interest, Jaime Carbonell suggested that computers could act as a teacher rather than just a tool (Carbonell, 1970). A new perspective would emerge that focused on the us... | Intelligent tutoring system | 0.798381 |
87,453 | For example, f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = 2.7 x 1 2 x 2 − 1 / 3 x 3 0.7 − 2 x 1 − 4 x 3 2 / 5 {\displaystyle f(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})=2.7x_{1}^{2}x_{2}^{-1/3}x_{3}^{0.7}-2x_{1}^{-4}x_{3}^{2/5}} is a signomial. The term "signomial" was introduced by Richard J. Duffin and Elmor L. Peterson in their seminal joint work on general a... | Signomial | 0.798381 |
87,454 | Cancer systems biology encompasses the application of systems biology approaches to cancer research, in order to study the disease as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at multiple biological scales. Cancer systems biology represents the application of systems biology approaches to the analysis of how t... | Cancer systems biology | 0.798381 |
87,455 | Cardiovascular disease in a person's parents increases their risk by ~3 fold, and genetics is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Genetic cardiovascular disease can occur either as a consequence of single variant (Mendelian) or polygenic influences. There are more than 40 inherited cardiovascular dise... | Cardiovascular conditions | 0.79838 |
87,456 | The pulping process involves many production stages, usually coupled with intermediate storage tanks. As each stage has a different reliability and bottlenecks may vary from day to day, scheduling a pulp mill needs to take into account these bottlenecks and the probability of a disturbance or breakdown. Each stage also... | Pulp mill | 0.79838 |
87,457 | 190 BC) had introduced the deferent and epicycle and the eccentric deferent to astronomy. Hipparchus (2nd century BC) had crafted mathematical models of the motion of the Sun and Moon. Hipparchus had some knowledge of Mesopotamian astronomy, and he felt that Greek models should match those of the Babylonians in accurac... | Almagest | 0.79838 |
87,458 | At the core of both of these functions was the voltage-controlled amplifier (VCA).The earliest solid-state VCA topology was an attenuator rather than an amplifier; it employed a junction field-effect transistor in voltage-controlled resistance mode. These attenuators, which were state of the art in the early 1970s, wer... | Blackmer gain cell | 0.79838 |
87,459 | They are frequently used in cosmology.The synchronous coordinate condition is neither generally covariant nor Lorentz covariant. This coordinate condition resolves the ambiguity of the metric tensor g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }\!} by providing four algebraic equations that the metric tensor must satisfy. | Coordinate conditions | 0.798379 |
87,460 | In the special case of a sphere with a spherically symmetric mass density then ρ = ρ(s); i.e., density depends only on the radial distance s = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 . {\displaystyle s={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}\,.} These integrals can be evaluated analytically. This is the shell theorem saying that in this case: with corres... | Geopotential model | 0.798379 |
87,461 | In mathematics, a collocation method is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and integral equations. The idea is to choose a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions (usually polynomials up to a certain degree) and a number of points in the domain... | Collocation point | 0.798379 |
87,462 | Stress majorization is an optimization strategy used in multidimensional scaling (MDS) where, for a set of n {\displaystyle n} m {\displaystyle m} -dimensional data items, a configuration X {\displaystyle X} of n {\displaystyle n} points in r {\displaystyle r} ( ≪ m ) {\displaystyle (\ll m)} -dimensional space is sough... | Stress majorization | 0.798378 |
87,463 | In a parallel situation, where the capillary radius is constant throughout its height, vapor condensation would occur much more rapidly, reaching the equilibrium radius of curvature (Kelvin radius) as quickly as possible. This dependence on pore geometry and curvature can result in hysteresis and vastly different liqui... | Capillary condensation | 0.798378 |
87,464 | In a study published in PLoS ONE Taha Yasseri from Oxford Internet Institute and his colleagues from Central European University have shown that the page view statistics of articles about movies are well correlated with the box office revenue of them. They developed a mathematical model to predict the box office taking... | Academic studies about Wikipedia | 0.798378 |
87,465 | In mathematics, a principal subalgebra of a complex simple Lie algebra is a 3-dimensional simple subalgebra whose non-zero elements are regular. A finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra has a unique conjugacy class of principal subalgebras, each of which is the span of an sl2-triple. | Principal subalgebra | 0.798378 |
87,466 | Another very popular technology that was developed was the Prolog logic programming language. Prolog focused primarily on backward chaining and also featured various commercial versions and optimizations for efficiency and robustness.As Expert Systems prompted significant interest from the business world various compan... | Inference engine | 0.798377 |
87,467 | In quantum information theory, the no low-energy trivial state (NLTS) conjecture is a precursor to a quantum PCP theorem (qPCP) and posits the existence of families of Hamiltonians with all low-energy states of non-trivial complexity. An NLTS proof would be a consequence of one aspect of qPCP problems – the inability t... | NLTS conjecture | 0.798377 |
87,468 | The multiplication theorem takes two common forms. In the first case, a finite number of terms are added or multiplied to give the relation. In the second case, an infinite number of terms are added or multiplied. The finite form typically occurs only for the gamma and related functions, for which the identity follows ... | Gauss multiplication theorem | 0.798377 |
87,469 | Tensor algebra, Tensor analysis, Tensor calculus, Tensor theory the study and use of tensors, which are generalizations of vectors. A tensor algebra is also an algebraic structure that is used in the formal definition of tensors. Tessellation when periodic tiling has a repeating pattern. | Glossary of areas of mathematics | 0.798377 |
87,470 | In computer science, a lexical grammar or lexical structure is a formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens. The program is written using characters that are defined by the lexical structure of the language used. The character set is equivalent to the alphabet used by any written language. The lexical grammar lays do... | Lexical grammar | 0.798377 |
87,471 | Marie Tharp Award Lecture, Helmholz Center for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, (2016) Charnock Lecturer, Southampton Oceanography Center, UK, (2015) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Chemical Oceanography H. Burr Steinbach Scholar of (2015) Rachel Carson Award Lecture, American Geophysical Union (2014) Samuel A. Waxm... | Bess Ward | 0.798376 |
87,472 | Their proof makes use of the maximum principle techniques which they had previously used to prove differential Harnack estimates. Later they made use of similar techniques to give a new proof of the classification of complete parabolic or elliptic affine hyperspheres in affine geometry. In one of his earliest papers, Y... | Shing-Tung Yau | 0.798376 |
87,473 | Stochastic tunneling (STUN) is an approach to global optimization based on the Monte Carlo method-sampling of the function to be objectively minimized in which the function is nonlinearly transformed to allow for easier tunneling among regions containing function minima. Easier tunneling allows for faster exploration o... | Global optimisation | 0.798376 |
87,474 | Calcium chloride treatment is generally used for the transformation of E. coli and other bacteria. It enhances plasmid DNA incorporation by the bacterial cell, promoting genetic transformation. Plasmid DNA can attach to LPS by being added to the cell solution together with CaCl2. Thus, when heat shock is applied, the n... | Calcium chloride transformation | 0.798376 |
87,475 | By the Riemann–Roch theorem, g − 1 = (d−3)d − g + 1, which implies the formula g = 1 2 ( d − 1 ) ( d − 2 ) . {\displaystyle g={\tfrac {1}{2}}(d{-}1)(d{-}2).} Similarly, if C is a smooth curve on the quadric surface P1×P1 with bidegree (d1,d2) (meaning d1,d2 are its intersection degrees with a fiber of each projection t... | Adjunction formula | 0.798376 |
87,476 | The NSF Center for the Development of an Integrated Protein and Nucleic Acid Biotechnology became one of the founding research centers of the Beckman Institute at Caltech in 1989.: 339–344 By this time, Hood's laboratory included more than 100 researchers, a much larger group than was usual at Caltech. A relatively sma... | Leroy Hood | 0.798376 |
87,477 | This boundary layer is approximately 0.3 nm thick. Within this short distance, the water concentration drops from 2M on the headgroup side to nearly zero on the tail (core) side. The hydrophobic core of the bilayer is typically 3-4 nm thick, but this value varies with chain length and chemistry. Core thickness also var... | Lipid membranes | 0.798376 |
87,478 | Despite both being composed of Calcium Carbonate, Calthemite straws are on average just 40% the mass per unit length of speleothem straws of equivalent external diameter. This is due to the different chemistry involved in creating the straws. The calthemite straws have a thin wall thickness and a less-dense calcium car... | Calthemite | 0.798375 |
87,479 | The DASI telescope was set up over the 1999–2000 austral summer, on the inner of the two towers of the Martin A.Pomerantz Observatory at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 0.7 km from the geographic south pole. The southern polar site is an exceptional location for this sort of telescope because of the extremely fav... | Degree Angular Scale Interferometer | 0.798375 |
87,480 | The second cohomology group of a closed simply connected oriented topological 4-manifold is a unimodular lattice. Michael Freedman showed that this lattice almost determines the manifold: there is a unique such manifold for each even unimodular lattice, and exactly two for each odd unimodular lattice. In particular if ... | Unimodular symmetric bilinear form | 0.798375 |
87,481 | (January 2007), The Linear Algebra a Beginning Graduate Student Ought to Know (2nd ed. ), Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-5494-5 Golan, Johnathan S. (August 1995), Foundations of Linear Algebra, Kluwer, ISBN 0-7923-3614-3 Greub, Werner H. | Linear Algebra | 0.798375 |
87,482 | This guarantees long-term stability compared to carbon-heteroatom bonds with similar reaction kinetics.The modification of cysteine or, more rarely, serine by FGE is an uncommon posttranslational modification that was discovered in the late 1990s. The deficiency of FGE leads to an overall deficiency of functional sulfa... | Aldehyde tag | 0.798375 |
87,483 | The auxiliary function in Liouville's work is very simple, merely a polynomial that vanishes at a given algebraic number. This kind of property is usually the one that auxiliary functions satisfy. They either vanish or become very small at particular points, which is usually combined with the assumption that they do no... | Auxiliary function | 0.798375 |
87,484 | {\displaystyle \delta (u,\infty )=\delta (\infty ,u)={\frac {2}{\sqrt {1+\|u\|^{2}}}}.} The result is a metric space on En, which represents the distance along a chord of the corresponding points on the hyperspherical model, to which it maps bijectively by stereographic projection. We obtain a model of spherical geomet... | Elliptical space | 0.798374 |
87,485 | strongSwan offers plugins, enhancing its functionality. The user can choose among three crypto libraries (legacy FreeS/WAN, OpenSSL, and gcrypt). Using the openssl plugin, strongSwan supports Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECDH groups and ECDSA certificates and signatures) both for IKEv2 and IKEv1, so that interoperabil... | StrongSwan | 0.798374 |
87,486 | A Hindley–Milner (HM) type system is a classical type system for the lambda calculus with parametric polymorphism. It is also known as Damas–Milner or Damas–Hindley–Milner. It was first described by J. Roger Hindley and later rediscovered by Robin Milner. | Hindley-Milner type inference | 0.798374 |
87,487 | Problems exist with making the neoclassical general equilibrium theory compatible with an economy that develops over time and includes capital goods. This was explored in a major debate in the 1960s—the "Cambridge capital controversy"—about the validity of neoclassical economics, with an emphasis on economic growth, ca... | Neo-Classical Economics | 0.798374 |
87,488 | The Quantemol database (QDB or Quantemol-DB) is a database of plasma processes developed by Quantemol Ltd at University College London in 2016. The database contains chemistry data for plasma chemistry modelling with pre-assembled and validated chemistry sets, and is updated by Quantemol and contributing users. A peer-... | Quantemol-DB | 0.798374 |
87,489 | A graph is bull-free if it has no bull as an induced subgraph. The triangle-free graphs are bull-free graphs, since every bull contains a triangle. The strong perfect graph theorem was proven for bull-free graphs long before its proof for general graphs, and a polynomial time recognition algorithm for Bull-free perfect... | Bull graph | 0.798374 |
87,490 | The C-Band All Sky Survey (C-BASS) is a radio astronomy project that aims to map the entire sky in the C Band (5 GHz). It has been conducted on two radio telescopes, one operating in the Karoo in South Africa, the other at Owens Valley Radio Observatory in California. | C-Band All Sky Survey | 0.798374 |
87,491 | In population genetics, a selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure of differences in relative fitness. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selection. The follow... | Selection coefficient | 0.798374 |
87,492 | It is used in regression analysis to derive formulas for estimating relationships among various sets of empirical data. Multivariable calculus is used in many fields of natural and social science and engineering to model and study high-dimensional systems that exhibit deterministic behavior. In economics, for example, ... | Multivariate calculus | 0.798373 |
87,493 | This transposition is an involution on the set of matrices. Since elementwise complex conjugation is an independent involution, the conjugate transpose or Hermitian adjoint is also an involution. The definition of involution extends readily to modules. Given a module M over a ring R, an R endomorphism f of M is called ... | Ring with involution | 0.798373 |
87,494 | From his early years, Shafarevich made fundamental contributions to several parts of mathematics including algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry and arithmetic algebraic geometry. In particular, in algebraic number theory, the Shafarevich–Weil theorem extends the commutative reciprocity map to the case of Galois ... | Igor Shafarevich | 0.798373 |
87,495 | The lake has undergone a considerable amount of change over the last 100 years including flooding by copper mine debris, dredging, and eutrophication. Others have used this technique to explore the evolutionary effects of eutrophication, predation, and metal contamination. Resurrection ecology provided the best empiric... | Resurrection ecology | 0.798373 |
87,496 | A collection of isometries typically form a group, the isometry group. When the group is a continuous group, the infinitesimal generators of the group are the Killing vector fields. The Myers–Steenrod theorem states that every isometry between two connected Riemannian manifolds is smooth (differentiable). A second form... | Orthonormal transformation | 0.798373 |
87,497 | Here, the traditional term "range" (alternatively, "image") is the set of values produced by the function. A vector measure is a vector-valued generalization of a measure; for example, if p1 and p2 are probability measures defined on the same measurable space, then the product function p1 p2 is a vector measure, where ... | Shapley–Folkman lemma | 0.798373 |
87,498 | Psychoinformatics is an emerging interdisciplinary field that uses principles from computer science for the acquisition, organization, and synthesis of data collected from psychology to reveal information about psychological traits such as personality and mood.Psychology has historically relied on experiments and quest... | Psychoinformatics | 0.798373 |
87,499 | Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, and milk. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it als... | Food science | 0.798372 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.