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89,100 | On May 30, 1998, the PAEC scientists and engineers had performed the second nuclear test—codename Chagai-II— of a fissionable device, and the device's weapon grade plutonium was produced at the New Labs. The research reactors at the institute were last upgraded by Munir Ahmad Khan — chairman of PAEC at that time — as h... | Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology | 0.79803 |
89,101 | For example, relaxing the requirement of charge conjugation and parity invariance of quantum electrodynamics, as occurs when weak interactions are included, allows for a three-photon vertex term. While this term does give rise to γ → γ γ {\displaystyle \gamma \rightarrow \gamma \gamma } interactions, they only occur if... | Furry's theorem | 0.79803 |
89,102 | Persuasive technologies developed relies on self-report or automated systems that monitor human behavior using sensors and pattern recognition algorithms. Several studies in the medical field have noted that self-report is subject to bias, recall errors and low adherence rates. The physical world and human behavior are... | Persuasive technology | 0.79803 |
89,103 | The category of marginal Masorah is further divided into the Masorah parva (small Masorah) in the outer side margins and the Masorah magna (large Masorah), traditionally located at the top and bottom margins of the text. The Masorah parva is a set of statistics in the outer side margins of the text. Beyond simply count... | Masoretic Text | 0.79803 |
89,104 | The Molecular Ancestry Network (MANET) database is a bioinformatics database that maps evolutionary relationships of protein architectures directly onto biological networks. It was originally developed by Hee Shin Kim, Jay E. Mittenthal and Gustavo Caetano-Anolles in the Department of Crop Sciences of the University of... | MANET database | 0.79803 |
89,105 | Oracle Spatial, Microsoft SQL Server (with the spatial extensions), and IBM DB2 are the commercial alternatives. The Open Geospacial Consortium's (OGC) specification "Simple Features" is a standard geometry data model and operator set for spatial databases. Part 2 of the specification defines an implementation using SQ... | Web mapping | 0.798029 |
89,106 | The terminology for graphs used by C*-algebraists differs slightly from that used by graph theorists. The term graph is typically taken to mean a directed graph E = ( E 0 , E 1 , r , s ) {\displaystyle E=(E^{0},E^{1},r,s)} consisting of a countable set of vertices E 0 {\displaystyle E^{0}} , a countable set of edges E ... | Graph C*-algebras | 0.798029 |
89,107 | In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as combinatorial group theory, Nielsen transformations, named after Jakob Nielsen, are certain automorphisms of a free group which are a non-commutative analogue of row reduction and one of the main tools used in studying free groups, (Fine, Rosenberger &... | Nielsen transformation | 0.798029 |
89,108 | This is the uniqueness statement of the Carathéodory extension theorem for finite measures. If this result does not seem very remarkable, consider the fact that it usually is very difficult or even impossible to fully describe every set in the 𝜎-algebra, and so the problem of equating measures would be completely hope... | Pi system | 0.798029 |
89,109 | In physics, the restoring force is a force that acts to bring a body to its equilibrium position. The restoring force is a function only of position of the mass or particle, and it is always directed back toward the equilibrium position of the system. The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion. ... | Restoring force | 0.798029 |
89,110 | The Lis-Et topology has a subtle technical problem: a morphism between stacks does not in general give a morphism between the corresponding topoi. (The problem is that while one can construct a pair of adjoint functors f*, f*, as needed for a geometric morphism of topoi, the functor f* is not left exact in general. | Artin stacks | 0.798028 |
89,111 | Since the divergence of the position vector q is ∇ ⋅ q = ∂ q x ∂ q x + ∂ q y ∂ q y + ∂ q z ∂ q z = 3 , {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\cdot \mathbf {q} ={\frac {\partial q_{x}}{\partial q_{x}}}+{\frac {\partial q_{y}}{\partial q_{y}}}+{\frac {\partial q_{z}}{\partial q_{z}}}=3,} the divergence theorem implies th... | Equipartition of energy | 0.798028 |
89,112 | In mathematics, the concept of irreducibility is used in several ways. A polynomial over a field may be an irreducible polynomial if it cannot be factored over that field. In abstract algebra, irreducible can be an abbreviation for irreducible element of an integral domain; for example an irreducible polynomial. In rep... | Irreducible (mathematics) | 0.798027 |
89,113 | Affine space Affine transformation Affine group Affine geometry Affine coordinate system Flat (geometry) Cartesian coordinate system Euclidean group Poincaré group Galilean group | Outline of linear algebra | 0.798027 |
89,114 | Finally, if any characteristic root has magnitude greater than 1, then x will diverge to infinity as time goes to infinity, or will fluctuate between increasingly large positive and negative values. A theorem of Issai Schur states that all roots have magnitude less than 1 (the stable case) if and only if a particular s... | Linear recurrence with constant coefficients | 0.798027 |
89,115 | In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired. The term 'singlet' originally meant a linked set of particles whose net angular momentum is zero, that is, whose overall spin quantum number s = 0 {\displaystyle s=0} . As a result, there is only one spectral line of a s... | Spin singlet | 0.798027 |
89,116 | — (1971). Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations. Harper & Row. | Werner Heisenberg | 0.798026 |
89,117 | P. C. Matthews Vector Calculus, Springer 1998, ISBN 3-540-76180-2 H. M. Schey, Div Grad Curl and all that: An informal text on vector calculus, 4th edition (W. W. Norton & Company, 2005) ISBN 0-393-92516-1. | Electromagnetic wave equation | 0.798026 |
89,118 | Deep inference names a general idea in structural proof theory that breaks with the classical sequent calculus by generalising the notion of structure to permit inference to occur in contexts of high structural complexity. The term deep inference is generally reserved for proof calculi where the structural complexity i... | Deep inference | 0.798026 |
89,119 | Ledeb. Southern Europe. Leaves thickly hairy beneath.The Biology of Canadian Weeds: Cirsium arvense list four varieties: Cirsium arvense var. | Canada thistle | 0.798026 |
89,120 | This was done in partnership with a consortium of organisations led by iansyst: they include Raspberry Software and ECS – Electronics and Computer Science from the University of Southampton. The aim of MyDocStore is to make it quick and easy to transfer files between devices whilst simultaneously converting them into a... | Iansyst | 0.798026 |
89,121 | A lectin from Carex is used to identify R antigen.In neuroscience, the anterograde labeling method is used to trace the path of efferent axons with PHA-L, a lectin from the kidney bean.A lectin (BanLec) from bananas inhibits HIV-1 in vitro. Achylectins, isolated from Tachypleus tridentatus, show specific agglutinating ... | Lectin | 0.798026 |
89,122 | SNAME offers various membership grades, including student, associate, full member and fellow status. Full members generally have earned a Bachelor of Science degree in naval architecture, marine engineering or hold a degree in engineering and have experience that is associated with ship design, construction or operatio... | Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers | 0.798026 |
89,123 | In pre-biotic chemistry, autocatalytic systems play a significant rule in understanding the origin of chirality in life. An autocatalytic reaction, a reaction in which the product acts as a catalyst for itself, serves as a model for homochirality. The asymmetric Soai reaction is commonly referred to as chemical plausib... | Non-linear effects | 0.798026 |
89,124 | The Wheeler–DeWitt equation for theoretical physics and applied mathematics, is a field equation attributed to John Archibald Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt. The equation attempts to mathematically combine the ideas of quantum mechanics and general relativity, a step towards a theory of quantum gravity. In this approach, tim... | Wheeler–DeWitt equation | 0.798025 |
89,125 | Omniscient Neurotechnology, a startup out of Australia co-founded by Michael Sughrue and Stephane Doyen, is currently the primary business endeavor incorporating connectomics into their development of neuronal brain maps. These maps provide a comprehensive understanding of neural connections and cell-to-cell communicat... | Connectomics | 0.798025 |
89,126 | ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } represents: a small positive quantity; see limit a random error in regression analysis the absolute value of an error in set theory, the limit ordinal of the sequence ω , ω ω , ω ω ω , … {\displaystyle \omega ,\omega ^{\omega },\omega ^{\omega ^{\omega }},\dots } in computer science, the emp... | Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering | 0.798025 |
89,127 | The write operation is deterministic and can result in symmetrical potentiation and depression, making ECRAM arrays attractive for acting as artificial synaptic weights in physical implementations of artificial neural networks (ANN). The technological challenges include open circuit potential (OCP) and semiconductor fo... | Electrochemical random-access memory | 0.798025 |
89,128 | In biological research, transgenic fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are model organisms used to study the effects of genetic changes on development. Fruit flies are often preferred over other animals due to their short life cycle and low maintenance requirements. They also have a relatively simple genome compared ... | Recombinant organism | 0.798024 |
89,129 | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (2048-bit primes are common). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (that is, more efficient) to perform the multiplication of two (large) numbers x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displ... | Prime factors | 0.798024 |
89,130 | In astronomy, a diffraction-limited observation is one that achieves the resolution of a theoretically ideal objective in the size of instrument used. However, most observations from Earth are seeing-limited due to atmospheric effects. Optical telescopes on the Earth work at a much lower resolution than the diffraction... | Diffraction limit | 0.798024 |
89,131 | In his spare time Newcomb studied a variety of subjects, such as political economy and religion, but his deepest studies were made in mathematics and astronomy. In particular he read Isaac Newton's Principia (1687) at this time. In 1856 Newcomb took a position as a private tutor close to Washington, DC. | Simon Newcomb | 0.798023 |
89,132 | In September 2003 he was appointed as Professor of Computer Science at Jacobs University Bremen (International University Bremen until 2007), and 2006–2008 he was vice director of the Department of Safe and Secure Cognitive Systems of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Bremen. Since September... | Michael Kohlhase | 0.798023 |
89,133 | Mikhlin studied its convergence and gave applications to special applied problems. He proved existence theorems for the fundamental problems of plane elasticity involving inhomogeneous anisotropic media: these results are collected in the book (Mikhlin 1957). Concerning the theory of shells, there are several Mikhlin's... | Solomon Mikhlin | 0.798023 |
89,134 | In the controversial book Fashionable Nonsense (1997), Sokal and Bricmont denounced the unfounded or abusive use of scientific terminology, particularly from mathematics or physics, in the social sciences. The study of complex systems (evolution of unemployment, business capital, demographic evolution of a population, ... | Mathematical discipline | 0.798023 |
89,135 | A domain is the targeted subject area of a computer program. It is a term used in software engineering. Formally it represents the target subject of a specific programming project, whether narrowly or broadly defined. For example, for a particular programming project that has as a goal the creation of a program for a p... | Domain (software engineering) | 0.798023 |
89,136 | Mitter became an associate professor at CWRU in 1967 and moved to MIT in 1969. He became a professor of electrical engineering at MIT in 1973. At MIT, he was director for both the Center for Intelligent Control and the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems.Mitter's research is concerned with Systems, Control ... | Sanjoy K. Mitter | 0.798023 |
89,137 | This is a list of missions supporting heliophysics, including solar observatory missions, solar orbiters, and spacecraft studying the solar wind. | List of heliophysics missions | 0.798023 |
89,138 | Since this does not seem to have been the case, it is likely some physical laws must have acted differently or did not exist for matter and antimatter. Several competing hypotheses exist to explain the imbalance of matter and antimatter that resulted in baryogenesis. However, there is as of yet no consensus theory to e... | Baryonic asymmetry | 0.798023 |
89,139 | A group of scientists tested whether or not the chemical composition of methylnitronitrosoguanidine would directly affect the growth of tumors and cancer cells in rats.In the experiment, the cancer cells from a Japanese cancer patient was injected into 8 rats. The biochemical tool and showed a decline of cancer cells i... | Methylnitronitrosoguanidine | 0.798022 |
89,140 | Composite particles (such as hadrons, nuclei, and atoms) can be bosons or fermions depending on their constituents. Since bosons have integer spin and fermions odd half-integer spin, any composite particle made up of an even number of fermions is a boson. Composite bosons include: All types of meson Stable nuclei of ev... | Spin 1 particles | 0.798022 |
89,141 | Mathematical Medicine and Biology received an impact factor of 1.854 in 2020. | Mathematical Medicine and Biology | 0.798022 |
89,142 | In parallel, the German engineering associations VDI and VDE released the VDI/VDE 2182 guidelines in 2011. The guidelines describe how to handle information security in industrial automation environments and were also submitted to and used by the IEC working groups. In 2021, the IEC approved the IEC 62443 family of sta... | IEC 62443 | 0.798021 |
89,143 | The single listener model in OpenAL is tailored to a single human user and is not fit for artificial intelligence or robotic simulations or multiple human participants as in collaborative musical performances. In these cases a multiple listener model is required. OpenAL also fails to take into account sound propagation... | OpenAL | 0.798021 |
89,144 | The topology generated by any subset S ⊆ { ∅ , X } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}\subseteq \{\varnothing ,X\}} (including by the empty set S := ∅ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}:=\varnothing } ) is equal to the trivial topology { ∅ , X } . {\displaystyle \{\varnothing ,X\}.} If τ {\displaystyle \tau } is a topology on X {... | Alexander subbase theorem | 0.798021 |
89,145 | PDE surfaces are used in geometric modelling and computer graphics for creating smooth surfaces conforming to a given boundary configuration. PDE surfaces use partial differential equations to generate a surface which usually satisfy a mathematical boundary value problem. PDE surfaces were first introduced into the are... | PDE surface | 0.798021 |
89,146 | Bridged T topology is derived from bridge topology in a way explained in the Zobel network article. There are many derivative topologies also discussed in the same article. There is also a twin-T topology which has practical applications where it is desirable to have the input and output share a common (ground) termina... | Circuit topology (electrical) | 0.79802 |
89,147 | The magnitude of the angular momentum is h = mpv, where p is the perpendicular from the origin to the tangent line ZP. According to Siacci's theorem, the acceleration a of P can be expressed as a = − κ v 2 r p e r + ( h 2 ) ′ 2 p 2 e t = S r e r + S t e t . {\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =-{\frac {\kappa v^{2}r}{p}}\mathbf... | Siacci's theorem | 0.79802 |
89,148 | Factors for process development and the control for K.E. transfer for shot peening are: shot velocity (wheel speed or air pressure/nozzle design), shot mass, shot chemistry, impact angle and work piece properties. Example: if you needed very high residual stresses you would likely want to use large diameter cut-wire sh... | Shot peening | 0.79802 |
89,149 | In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time. Crossing states that the same formula that determines the S-matrix elements and scattering amplitudes for particle A {\displaystyl... | Crossing (physics) | 0.79802 |
89,150 | Carbonium ions can be thought of as protonated alkanes. Although alkanes are usually considered inert, under superacid conditions (e.g., HF/SbF5), the C-H sigma bond can act as a donor to H+. This results in a species that contains a 3c-2e bond between a carbon and two hydrogen atoms, a type of bonding common in boron ... | Carbocation | 0.79802 |
89,151 | Evolutionary theory dictates that all organisms invest heavily in reproduction in order to replicate their genes. According to parental investment, human females will invest heavily in their young because the number of mating opportunities available to them and how many offspring they are able to produce in a given amo... | Grandmother hypothesis | 0.798019 |
89,152 | Born in Watertown, New York and raised in Sackets Harbor, New York, he obtained his B. S. in chemistry from Clarkson University in 1971. At Clarkson, he was mentored by organic chemistry professor Richard Partsch, who encouraged him to spend a summer working at Argonne National Laboratory in 1971. He went on to earn a ... | George C. Schatz | 0.798019 |
89,153 | The original concept was to develop environmentally safe herbicides from fungi using genetic engineering, thus the name Mycogen, coined from the Greek words for fungus and genetics. In 1998, the company was acquired by Dow Chemical Company. It then became a subsidiary of Corteva Agriscience from the merger and subseque... | Mycogen Seeds | 0.798019 |
89,154 | This situation of discrete energy levels is called quantum confinement. In addition, quantum confinement effects consist of isolated islands of electrons that may be formed at the patterned interface between two different semiconducting materials. The electrons typically are confined to disk-shaped regions termed quant... | Mesoscopic scale | 0.798018 |
89,155 | See the separate Wikipedia entry on Bayesian Statistics, specifically the Statistical modeling section in that page. | Bayesian analyses | 0.798018 |
89,156 | The K and S combinators correspond to the axioms AK: A → (B → A), AS: (A → (B → C)) → ((A → B) → (A → C)),and function application corresponds to the detachment (modus ponens) rule MP: from A and A → B infer B.The calculus consisting of AK, AS, and MP is complete for the implicational fragment of the intuitionistic log... | Lambda elimination | 0.798018 |
89,157 | Yorgo E. Modis (born 1974) is Professor in Virology and Immunology, and a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge. He is head of The Modis Lab in the Molecular Immunity Unit at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He studies cellular mechanisms of viral gene sens... | Yorgo Modis | 0.798018 |
89,158 | The Heisenberg group is a simply-connected Lie group whose Lie algebra consists of matrices , {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}0&\mathbf {a} &c\\0&0_{n}&\mathbf {b} \\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}},} where a is a row vector of length n, b is a column vector of length n, 0n is the zero matrix of size n.By letting e1, ..., en be the... | Heisenberg algebra | 0.798018 |
89,159 | In vector calculus, a complex lamellar vector field is a vector field in three dimensions which is orthogonal to its own curl. That is, F ⋅ ( ∇ × F ) = 0. {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} \cdot (\nabla \times \mathbf {F} )=0.} | Complex lamellar vector field | 0.798017 |
89,160 | Although his parents wanted him to become a medical doctor, and even sent him for premedical classes, he proceeded his education with chemistry. After graduating from high school in Sendai, he entered the Department of Chemistry at Tohoku Imperial University in 1920. In university, he studied organic chemistry under Ri... | Tetsuo Nozoe | 0.798017 |
89,161 | There was also a debate over accounts of the evolution of mimicry and if they could be explained by gradualism or saltation. The geneticist Reginald Punnett supported a saltational theory in his book Mimicry in Butterflies (1915).The mutation theory of evolution held that species went through periods of rapid mutation,... | Saltation (biology) | 0.798017 |
89,162 | In biology, abiogenesis (from a- 'not' + Greek bios 'life' + genesis 'origin') or the origin of life is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living to living entities on Earth was not a... | Prebiotic (chemistry) | 0.798017 |
89,163 | In 1906, he entered the University of Minnesota, majoring in chemistry and adding to the usual mathematics and analytical courses some courses in botany and scientific German. He was initiated into the Beta Chapter of Alpha Chi Sigma in 1908. He sometimes worked summers as a railroad surveyor. | Farrington Daniels | 0.798017 |
89,164 | Corwin Herman Hansch (October 6, 1918 – May 8, 2011) was a professor of chemistry at Pomona College in California. He became known as the 'father of computer-assisted molecule design.' | Corwin Hansch | 0.798017 |
89,165 | Process indices examine how individuals process information in their environment, such as by analyzing communication patterns between team members or using eye tracking devices. Team communication (particularly verbal communication) supports the knowledge building and information processing that leads to SA constructio... | Situational awareness | 0.798017 |
89,166 | This is an algebraic analog of Hartogs' extension theorem. There is also a relative version of this fact; see . | Regular map (algebraic geometry) | 0.798017 |
89,167 | At Zurich, he had studied under Carl Ludwig, which had prompted him to devote his attention to physiological chemistry. After graduating as a Doctor of Medicine from Würzburg in 1854, he went to Heidelberg University, where Robert Bunsen held the chair of chemistry. In 1858, he received a Ph.D. | Lothar Meyer | 0.798016 |
89,168 | With xenon hexafluoride it forms .Pure FeF3 is not yet known among minerals. However, hydrated form is known as the very rare fumarolic mineral topsøeite. Generally a trihydrate, its chemistry is slightly more complex: FeF4·H2O. | Ferric fluoride | 0.798016 |
89,169 | Different authors have used a great variety of names for the split-complex numbers. Some of these include: (real) tessarines, James Cockle (1848) (algebraic) motors, W.K. Clifford (1882) hyperbolic complex numbers, J.C. Vignaux (1935), G. Cree (1949) bireal numbers, U. Bencivenga (1946) real hyperbolic numbers, N. Smit... | Double number | 0.798016 |
89,170 | Gene regulation is a complex process where a signal, such as an extracellular signal such as a hormone, eventually leads to an increase or decrease in the activity of one or more proteins. Bioinformatics techniques have been applied to explore various steps in this process. For example, gene expression can be regulated... | Bioinformatics | 0.798015 |
89,171 | Physics 221A, University of California, Berkeley lecture notes. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2017-12-15. | Electromagnetic units | 0.798015 |
89,172 | Chandrashekhar "Chan" Janardan Joshi (born July 22, 1953, at Wai, Maharashtra, India) is an Indian–American experimental plasma physicist. He is known for his pioneering work in plasma-based particle acceleration techniques for which he won the 2006 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics.Joshi was elected a membe... | Chandrashekhar J. Joshi | 0.798015 |
89,173 | Several specialized databases exist that report polymorphisms and mutations in the human mitochondrial DNA, together with the assessment of their pathogenicity. MitImpact: A collection of pre-computed pathogenicity predictions for all nucleotide changes that cause non-synonymous substitutions in human mitochondrial pro... | Mitochondrial genome | 0.798015 |
89,174 | Then φ has a fixed point.The corresponding result for single-valued functions is the Tychonoff fixed-point theorem. There is another version that the statement of the theorem becomes the same as that in the Euclidean case: Let S be a non-empty, compact and convex subset of a locally convex Hausdorff space. Let φ: S→2S ... | Glicksberg fixed-point theorem | 0.798014 |
89,175 | Badesa, Calixto (2004), The Birth of Model Theory: Löwenheim's Theorem in the Frame of the Theory of Relatives, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-05853-5; A more concise account appears in chapter 9 of Leila Haaparanta, ed. (2009), The Development of Modern Logic, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9... | Löwenheim–Skolem theorem | 0.798014 |
89,176 | The backpressure algorithm was later extended by Neely, Modiano, and Rohrs to treat scheduling for mobile networks. Backpressure is mathematically analyzed via the theory of Lyapunov drift, and can be used jointly with flow control mechanisms to provide network utility maximization. (see also Backpressure with utility ... | Backpressure Routing | 0.798014 |
89,177 | There are a number of basic definitions of K-theory: two coming from topology and two from algebraic geometry. | Real K-theory | 0.798014 |
89,178 | The appearance of design in aspects of biology is overwhelming. Since nothing other than an intelligent cause has been demonstrated to be able to yield such a strong appearance of design, Darwinian claims notwithstanding, the conclusion that the design seen in life is real design is rationally justified. (18:90–91, 18:... | Irreducible complexity | 0.798014 |
89,179 | Carbonaceous chondrite fission xenon, often abbreviated as CCF Xe, are a collection of different isotopes of xenon that were thought to have arisen from the decay of a superheavy element within the island of stability. Early studies proposed that the half life of the theoretical progenitor of CCF Xe to be on the order ... | Extinct isotopes of superheavy elements | 0.798013 |
89,180 | The equipment used for these tests is becoming increasingly portable, making it possible for a clinician to travel to a hospital, to a doctor's office, or to a nursing home for both inpatient and outpatient studies. The tests are often used in conjunction with other tests such as MRI, MRA, carotid duplex ultrasound and... | Transcranial Doppler | 0.798013 |
89,181 | In 1884, van 't Hoff published his research on chemical kinetics, titled Études de Dynamique chimique ("Studies in Chemical Dynamics"), in which he described a new method for determining the order of a reaction using graphics and applied the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibria. He also introduced the modern c... | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | 0.798013 |
89,182 | HackerOne has an online course to help people find bugs in a security system and other cybersecurity techniques. Each crowd-source security platform will have a different approach and a specific goal it focuses on. HackerOne primarily focuses on penetration testing services with security certifications, including ISO 2... | HackerOne | 0.798012 |
89,183 | When the values of the gauge coupling constants of the weak nuclear, strong nuclear, and electromagnetic forces are plotted as a function of energy, the 3 values appear to nearly converge to a common single value at very high energies. This was one theoretical motivation for Grand Unified Theories themselves, and addin... | Desert (particle physics) | 0.798012 |
89,184 | This dedicated launch marked ORBCOMM's second and final OG2 mission to complete its next-generation satellite constellation. Compared to its current OG1 satellites, ORBCOMM's OG2 satellites are designed for faster message delivery, larger message sizes and better coverage at higher latitudes, while increasing network c... | Automatic Identification System | 0.798011 |
89,185 | Malacidins were discovered by researchers at Rockefeller University, led by Brad Hover and Sean Brady. The group had been looking into antibiotics related to daptomycin and their calcium-dependent nature, but determined that it would be impractical to culture variations in lab conditions. Instead, the team used a genet... | Malacidin | 0.798011 |
89,186 | A differential equation can be homogeneous in either of two respects. A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written f ( x , y ) d y = g ( x , y ) d x , {\displaystyle f(x,y)\,dy=g(x,y)\,dx,} where f and g are homogeneous functions of the same degree of x and y. In this case, the cha... | Homogeneous differential equation | 0.798011 |
89,187 | Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The digital signals processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous variable in a dom... | Digital Signal Processing | 0.798011 |
89,188 | Alexander regularly wrote about advances in artificial intelligence and emphasized the importance of AI safety research.In the long essay "Meditations On Moloch", he analyzes game-theoretic scenarios of cooperation failure like the prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons that underlie many of humanity's probl... | Lizardman's Constant | 0.79801 |
89,189 | Biologists or philosophers of biology use Occam's razor in either of two contexts both in evolutionary biology: the units of selection controversy and systematics. George C. Williams in his book Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966) argues that the best way to explain altruism among animals is based on low-level (i.e... | Ockham's razor | 0.79801 |
89,190 | Van Willigenburg earned her Ph.D. in 1997 at the University of St. Andrews under the joint supervision of Edmund F. Robertson and Michael D. Atkinson, with a thesis titled The Descent Algebras of Coxeter Groups. | Stephanie van Willigenburg | 0.798009 |
89,191 | Physics Nobel Prize winner (and former student) C. N. Yang has said that Chern is on par with Euclid, Gauss, Riemann, Cartan. Two of Chern's most important contributions that have reshaped the fields of geometry and topology include Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, the generalization of the famous Gauss–Bonnet theorem (100 ... | Shiing-Shen Chern | 0.798009 |
89,192 | The linear independence of the columns of a generator matrix of an MDS code permits a construction of MDS codes from objects in finite projective geometry. Let P G ( N , q ) {\displaystyle PG(N,q)} be the finite projective space of (geometric) dimension N {\displaystyle N} over the finite field F q {\displaystyle \math... | Singleton bound | 0.798009 |
89,193 | Representer theorems are useful from a practical standpoint because they dramatically simplify the regularized empirical risk minimization problem ( ‡ ) {\displaystyle (\ddagger )} . In most interesting applications, the search domain H k {\displaystyle H_{k}} for the minimization will be an infinite-dimensional subspa... | Representer theorem | 0.798009 |
89,194 | X-rays from the storage ring are directed to beamlines, where research experiments are performed. BASEMA (Beamline for Absorption Spectroscopy for Environmental and Material Applications ), a beamline for X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, the 'day-one' beamline to be read... | Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East | 0.798009 |
89,195 | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes that the factorization of any positive integer into prime numbers is essentially unique, i.e., unique up to the ordering of the prime factors. | Essentially unique | 0.798009 |
89,196 | KnowledgeWare was a software company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia co-founded by James Martin and run by Fran Tarkenton. It produced a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool called IEW (Information Engineering Workbench) and a subsequent enhancement ADW (Application Development Workbench). These products c... | KnowledgeWare | 0.798009 |
89,197 | SAMPEX studies the energy composition, and charge states of particles from supernova explosions in the distant reaches of the galaxy, from the heart of solar flares, and from the depths of nearby interstellar space. It also monitors closely the magnetospheric particle populations which plunge occasionally into the midd... | Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer | 0.798009 |
89,198 | This section attempts to provide a rough intuitive description of three notions of convergence, using terminology developed in calculus courses; this section is necessarily imprecise as well as inexact, and the reader should refer to the formal clarifications in subsequent sections. In particular, the descriptions here... | Weak convergence of probability measures | 0.798009 |
89,199 | The historian of biology Peter J. Bowler noted in 1989 that other scientists had been unable to reproduce his results, and described the scientific consensus at the time: There is no feedback of information from the proteins to the DNA, and hence no route by which characteristics acquired in the body can be passed on t... | Inheritance of acquired characters | 0.798009 |
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