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96,100 | In Industry 4.0, there is a widespread adoption of machine learning techniques to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial process while guaranteeing a high level of safety. Nevertheless, privacy of sensitive data for industries and manufacturing companies is of paramount importance. Federated learning al... | Federated learning | 0.796607 |
96,101 | Franck and Fermi had nominated him in 1947 and 1948 for his work on crystal lattices, and over the years, he had also been nominated for his work on solid state physics, quantum mechanics and other topics. In 1954, he received the prize for "fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical inter... | Max Born | 0.796607 |
96,102 | During the Cold War, in 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first Earth orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik I. The event triggered alarm in United States by heightening fears there that the Soviet Union was achieving technological and strategic superiority. One response to what the Americans termed the ... | BSCS Science Learning | 0.796606 |
96,103 | This work led to the notion of Frobenius reciprocity and the definition of what are now called Frobenius groups. A group G is said to be a Frobenius group if there is a subgroup H < G such that H ∩ H x = { 1 } {\displaystyle H\cap H^{x}=\{1\}} for all x ∈ G − H {\displaystyle x\in G-H} .In that case, the set N = G − ⋃ ... | Ferdinand Georg Frobenius | 0.796606 |
96,104 | The ligands can be chelates like EDTA, and can enable the electrolyte to be in neutral or alkaline conditions under which metal aquo complexes would otherwise precipitate. By blocking the coordination of water to the metal, organic ligands can inhibit metal-catalyzed water-splitting reactions, resulting in higher volta... | Redox flow battery | 0.796606 |
96,105 | A key concept in the understanding of the spheromak is magnetic helicity, a value H {\displaystyle H} that describes the "twistedness" of the magnetic field in a plasma. The earliest work on these concepts was developed by Hannes Alfvén in 1943, which won him the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics. His development of the conc... | Spheromak | 0.796606 |
96,106 | She confirmed the structure of the benzene ring, carried out studies of diamond, was one of the first two women to be elected to the Royal Society in 1945, and in 1949 was appointed the first female tenured professor of chemistry and head of the Department of crystallography at University College London. Kathleen alway... | Crystallographic planes | 0.796605 |
96,107 | The feed-forward architecture of convolutional neural networks was extended in the neural abstraction pyramid by lateral and feedback connections. The resulting recurrent convolutional network allows for the flexible incorporation of contextual information to iteratively resolve local ambiguities. In contrast to previo... | Convolutional layer | 0.796605 |
96,108 | Zanamivir was first made in 1989 by scientists led by Peter Colman and Joseph Varghese at the Australian CSIRO, in collaboration with the Victorian College of Pharmacy, and the Monash University. Zanamivir was the first of the neuraminidase inhibitors. The discovery was initially funded by the Australian biotechnology ... | Zanamivir | 0.796605 |
96,109 | Now, applying the Reynolds operator to x = a1i1 + ... + anin gives x = ρ(a1)i1 + ... + ρ(an)inWe are now going to show that x lies in the R-algebra generated by i1,...,in. First, let us do this in the case when the elements ρ(ak) all have degree less than d. In this case, they are all in the R-algebra generated by i1,.... | Theory of invariants | 0.796604 |
96,110 | Bioaerosol transport and distribution is not consistent around the globe. While bioaerosols may travel thousands of kilometers before deposition, their ultimate distance of travel and direction is dependent on meteorological, physical, and chemical factors. The branch of biology that studies the dispersal of these part... | Bioaerosol | 0.796604 |
96,111 | Johnson likens this to a "mosaic" view of development. According to the second, the Interactive Specialization (IS) hypothesis, development is not a unidirectional maturational process, but rather a set of complex, dynamic and back-propagated interactions between genetics, brain, body and environment. Development is no... | Interactive specialization | 0.796604 |
96,112 | In particular, the former entails that as n increases, the probabilities (proportional to the numbers in each row) approach a normal distribution. As a direct generalization, one can consider random walks on crystal lattices (infinite-fold abelian covering graphs over finite graphs). Actually it is possible to establis... | Random walk | 0.796603 |
96,113 | Fiber photometry is a calcium imaging technique that captures 'bulk' or population-level calcium (Ca2+) activity from specific cell-types within a brain region or functional network in order to study neural circuits Population-level calcium activity can be correlated with behavioral tasks, such as spatial learning, mem... | Fiber photometry | 0.796603 |
96,114 | One reason for the paucity of research on circannual cycles is the duration of required efforts. The ratio of the period length of a circannual cycle to the length of the productive life of a scientist makes this branch of chronobiology difficult. It takes an entire year to get a time series which makes it difficult to... | Circannual Cycle | 0.796603 |
96,115 | People with motor impairments, such as Parkinson's disease, may not be able to navigate devices precisely using the traditional mouse pointer for input. To overcome these barriers, researchers continue to explore ways to make modern computer systems more accessible. Recent developments in artificial intelligence, speci... | WIMP (computing) | 0.796603 |
96,116 | Expressed in mathematical language, using the calculus of variations, the evolution of a physical system (i.e., how the system actually progresses from one state to another) corresponds to a stationary point (usually, a minimum) of the action. Several different definitions of "the action" are in common use in physics. ... | Reduced action | 0.796602 |
96,117 | In thermodynamics, when d Q {\displaystyle dQ} is exact, the function Q {\displaystyle Q} is a state function of the system: a mathematical function which depends solely on the current equilibrium state, not on the path taken to reach that state. Internal energy U {\displaystyle U} , Entropy S {\displaystyle S} , Entha... | Exact differential | 0.796602 |
96,118 | Initial chemical composition of the Lunar Magma Ocean is estimated based on the chemistry of lunar samples, along with the chemical composition and thickness of the current lunar crust. For computer modeling purposes, the initial chemical composition is typically defined by weight percent based on a system of basic mol... | Lunar magma ocean | 0.796602 |
96,119 | Future Science introduction to high-temperature superconductors. American Magnetics tutorial on magnetic field exclusion and flux pinning in superconductors. Cern Lhc documentation Stability of superconductors. Flux-Pinning of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8 + Delta) High Tc Superconducting Tapes Utilizing (Sr,Ca)14Cu24O(41 + Delta) an... | Flux pinning | 0.796602 |
96,120 | It was first published in 2006 and moved from print to online in 2016. HSE Now is aimed at covering the changes in health, safety, security, environmental, social responsibility, and regulations that impact the oil and gas industry. Data Science and Digital Engineering presents the evolving landscape of digital technol... | Society of Petroleum Engineers | 0.796602 |
96,121 | A good construction example is found in Colin Adams's book.However, the correspondence between knots and braids is clearly not one-to-one: a knot may have many braid representations. For example, conjugate braids yield equivalent knots. This leads to a second fundamental question: Which closed braids represent the same... | Alexander's theorem | 0.796602 |
96,122 | Initially a 56-kbit/s network, traffic on the network grew exponentially; the links were upgraded to 1.5-Mbit/s T1s in 1988 and to 45 Mbit/s in 1991. The NSFNet was a major milestone in the development of the Internet and its rapid growth coincided with the development of the World Wide Web. In the early 1990s, in addi... | Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing | 0.796602 |
96,123 | According to the theory of first-order partial differential equations, if P = ∇ ψ , {\displaystyle P=\nabla \psi ,} then P {\displaystyle P} satisfies along a system of curves (the light rays) that are given by These equations for solution of a first-order partial differential equation are identical to the Euler–Lagran... | Variational formulation | 0.796602 |
96,124 | 12), but still retained his theory of 'fits' that disposed corpuscles to be reflected or transmitted (Props.13). However, later physicists favoured a purely wavelike explanation of light to account for the interference patterns and the general phenomenon of diffraction. Today's quantum mechanics, photons, and the idea ... | Isaac Newton | 0.796601 |
96,125 | Commutative ring theory originated in algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry, and invariant theory. Central to the development of these subjects were the rings of integers in algebraic number fields and algebraic function fields, and the rings of polynomials in two or more variables. Noncommutative ring theory beg... | Ring Theory | 0.796601 |
96,126 | An unstable triple junction will change with time, either to become another form of triple junction (RRF junctions easily evolve to FFR junctions), will change geometry or are simply not feasible (as in the case of FFF junctions). The inherent instability of an FFF junction is believed to have caused the formation of t... | Triple junction | 0.796601 |
96,127 | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Wilce, Alexander. "Quantum Logic and Probability Theory". | Quantum Logic | 0.796601 |
96,128 | In biology, a pigment is any colored material of plant or animal cells. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, fur, and hair contain pigments (such as melanin). Animal skin coloration often comes about through specialized cells called chromatophores, which animals such as the octopus and chameleon can control ... | Natural pigment | 0.7966 |
96,129 | MuZero is a computer program developed by artificial intelligence research company DeepMind to master games without knowing their rules. Its release in 2019 included benchmarks of its performance in go, chess, shogi, and a standard suite of Atari games. The algorithm uses an approach similar to AlphaZero. It matched Al... | MuZero | 0.7966 |
96,130 | Since they have only recently been discovered and the large majority have not been cultured, the ecology and metabolism of these bacteria is not well understood. However, these bacteria may be an important contributor to ecosystems, since they are particularly abundant within soils. Members of subdivisions 1, 4, and 6 ... | Acidobacteriota | 0.7966 |
96,131 | Another example: the natural logarithm is monotonic on the positive real numbers, and its image is the whole real line; therefore it has an inverse function that is a bijection between the real numbers and the positive real numbers. This inverse is the exponential function. Many other real functions are defined either ... | Functional notation | 0.7966 |
96,132 | u1, v1 are left and right-singular vectors of M with corresponding singular value σ1. Proof. Similar to the eigenvalues case, by assumption the two vectors satisfy the Lagrange multiplier equation: ∇ σ = ∇ u T M v − λ 1 ⋅ ∇ u T u − λ 2 ⋅ ∇ v T v {\displaystyle \nabla \sigma =\nabla \mathbf {u} ^{\textsf {T}}\mathbf {M}... | Singular-value decomposition | 0.796599 |
96,133 | Porsche 911 model (NASTRAN model): The featured plot contains a Mesh plot of a Porsche 911 model imported from a NASTRAN bulk data file. VisIt can read a limited subset of NASTRAN bulk data files, in general enough to import model geometry for visualization. YF-17 aircraft Plot: The featured image displays plots of a C... | Volume visualization | 0.796599 |
96,134 | Vaa3D can be extended using a plugin interface. A wizard called "Plugin Creator" is provided to generate a basic template of a new plugin. The following main categories of plugins are currently released. Plugin Creator Wizard Color channel management Data IO and Conversion Atlas Generation C. elegans applications Cell ... | Vaa3D | 0.796599 |
96,135 | More specifically, Freier was an internationally reputable cosmic-ray physicist. Her expertise was the application of nuclear emulsions to astrophysics and physics. At the University of Minnesota, she and her colleagues discovered the presence of heavy nuclei in cosmic radiation, which remains one of the key discoverie... | Phyllis S. Freier | 0.796599 |
96,136 | In engineering, macro-engineering (alternatively known as mega engineering) is the implementation of large-scale design projects. It can be seen as a branch of civil engineering or structural engineering applied on a large landmass. In particular, macro-engineering is the process of marshaling and managing of resources... | Macro-engineering | 0.796599 |
96,137 | Originally, the term epistasis specifically meant that the effect of a gene variant is masked by that of a different gene.The concept of epistasis originated in genetics in 1907 but is now used in biochemistry, computational biology and evolutionary biology. The phenomenon arises due to interactions, either between gen... | Modifier gene | 0.796598 |
96,138 | The meshedness coefficient can be used to estimate the redundancy of a network. This parameter along with the algebraic connectivity which measures the robustness of the network, may be used to quantify the topological aspect of network resilience in water distribution networks. It has also been used to characterize th... | Meshedness coefficient | 0.796598 |
96,139 | Aside from all software and data, preserved analysis assets include metadata that enable understanding of the analysis workflow, related software, systematic uncertainties, statistics procedures and meaningful ways to search for the analysis, as well as references to publications and to backup material. CERN software i... | Replication crisis | 0.796598 |
96,140 | The five themes of cultural ecology emphasize that technological literacy goes through life spans, that literacy provides the medium for people to exert their agency, that literacy occurs and develops both within and outside of school contexts, that the conditions of access influence people's literacy development, and ... | Computers and writing | 0.796598 |
96,141 | There is a unique topology on the empty set ∅. The only open set is the empty one. Indeed, this is the only subset of ∅. Likewise, there is a unique topology on a singleton set {a}. | Finite topological space | 0.796598 |
96,142 | 1957 – Kiyosi Itô develops Itô calculus. 1957 – Stephen Smale provides the existence proof for crease-free sphere eversion. 1958 – Alexander Grothendieck's proof of the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem is published. | Timeline of mathematics | 0.796597 |
96,143 | Similar approaches that utilize the concept of centerline are the skeleton-based and differential geometry-based.Region growing approach is a method of detecting neighboring pixels with similarities. A seed point is required for such method to start. Two elements are needed for this technique to work: similarity and sp... | Medical diagnostic software | 0.796597 |
96,144 | The first theoretical proposal was presented by Emil Wolf, and the first experimental demonstration was shown by Fercher et al. From 2000s, HT techniques had been extensively studied and applied to the field of biology and medicine, by several research groups including the MIT spectroscopy laboratory. Both the technica... | Holotomography | 0.796597 |
96,145 | In chemistry, disulfate or pyrosulfate is the anion with the molecular formula S2O2−7. Disulfate is the IUPAC name. It has a dichromate-like structure and can be visualised as two corner-sharing SO4 tetrahedra, with a bridging oxygen atom. In this anion, sulfur has an oxidation state of +6. Disulfate is the conjugate b... | S2O7 | 0.796596 |
96,146 | Biological Abstracts is a database produced by Clarivate Analytics. It includes abstracts from peer-reviewed academic journal articles in the fields of biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, pre-clinical and experimental medicine, pharmacology, zoology, agriculture, and veterinary medicine, and has been publishe... | Biological Abstracts | 0.796596 |
96,147 | (1986), "Spin glasses: Experimental facts, theoretical concepts, and open questions", Reviews of Modern Physics, 58 (4): 801–976, Bibcode:1986RvMP...58..801B, doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.58.801. Bryngelson, Joseph D.; Wolynes, Peter G. (1987), "Spin glasses and the statistical mechanics of protein folding", Proceedings of t... | Spin glass | 0.796596 |
96,148 | A simple application of the virial theorem concerns galaxy clusters. If a region of space is unusually full of galaxies, it is safe to assume that they have been together for a long time, and the virial theorem can be applied. Doppler effect measurements give lower bounds for their relative velocities, and the virial t... | Virial Theorem | 0.796596 |
96,149 | A lighting ballast is a device to provide proper starting and operating electrical conditions to light one or more fluorescent lamps, while also limiting the amount of current. A familiar and widely used example is the traditional inductive ballast used in fluorescent lamps, to limit the current through the tube, which... | Lighting ballast capacitor | 0.796596 |
96,150 | At the University of Toronto, Blewett graduated with a bachelor's degree in physics and mathematics in 1932 and a master's degree in physics in 1933. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1936. | John P. Blewett | 0.796596 |
96,151 | In mathematics, the L-functions of number theory are expected to have several characteristic properties, one of which is that they satisfy certain functional equations. There is an elaborate theory of what these equations should be, much of which is still conjectural. | Functional equation (L-function) | 0.796596 |
96,152 | The similarities of his ideas with those of al-Ghazali suggest that Nicholas may have been familiar with Ghazali's work, perhaps through Averroes' refutation of it.Although the atomism of Epicurus had fallen out of favor in the centuries of Scholasticism, the minima naturalia of Aristotelianism received extensive consi... | Unit-point atomism | 0.796596 |
96,153 | When Hauser was 16 he went to the United Kingdom to learn English at a language school in Cambridge. After a master's degree in Physics from Vienna University, he returned to King's College, Cambridge to do a PhD in Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory. | Hermann Hauser | 0.796595 |
96,154 | The advances in computational efficiency, combined with the added physics, meant the GISS model could be run for five years. It was shown that global climate can be simulated reasonably well with a grid-point resolution as coarse as 1000 kilometers.The first climate prediction computed from a general circulation model ... | James Hansen | 0.796595 |
96,155 | An early academic PPU research project named SPARTA (Simulation of Physics on A Real-Time Architecture) was carried out at Penn State and University of Georgia. This was a simple FPGA based PPU that was limited to two dimensions. This project was extended into a considerably more advanced ASIC-based system named HELLAS... | Physics card | 0.796595 |
96,156 | The Mathematics Genealogy Project lists 17 PhD students of Maltese, among others Ferdinand Beckhoff (Habilitation in 1994) and Anand Srivastav (Professor of Computer Science at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel). Since 1987 he was a member of the Academia nazionale di szienze, lettere e arti di Palermo. Follow... | George Maltese | 0.796594 |
96,157 | A number of processes of surface growth in areas ranging from mechanics of growing gravitational bodies through propagating fronts of phase transitions, epitaxial growth of nanostructures and 3D printing, growth of plants, and cell mobility require non-Euclidean description because of incompatibility of boundary condit... | Non-Euclidean surface growth | 0.796594 |
96,158 | As above, time derivatives are denoted by dots. Unlike the lost work formulation, this version of the theorem holds for both the system (the control volume) and for its surroundings (the environment and the thermal reservoirs) separately:andwhere the index "sys" denotes quantities produced within or by the system itsel... | Gouy-Stodola theorem | 0.796594 |
96,159 | The EFI is developing an integrated sequence-structure based strategy for functional assignment by predicting the substrate specificities of unknown members of mechanistically diverse enzyme superfamilies. The approach leverages conserved features within a given superfamily such as known chemistry, identity of active s... | Enzyme Function Initiative | 0.796593 |
96,160 | Normed division algebras require that the norm of the product is equal to the product of the norms. Lagrange's identity exhibits this equality. The product identity used as a starting point here, is a consequence of the norm of the product equality with the product of the norm for scator algebras. This proposal, origin... | Lagrange's identity | 0.796593 |
96,161 | Monic polynomials are widely used in algebra and number theory, since they produce many simplifications and they avoid divisions and denominators. Here are some examples. Every polynomial is associated to a unique monic polynomial. In particular, the unique factorization property of polynomials can be stated as: Every ... | Monic polynomial | 0.796593 |
96,162 | One of the goals of free probability (still unaccomplished) was to construct new invariants of von Neumann algebras and free dimension is regarded as a reasonable candidate for such an invariant. The main tool used for the construction of free dimension is free entropy. The relation of free probability with random matr... | Free probability theory | 0.796593 |
96,163 | In order to distinguish between them, the pilot beam was modulated with a varying signal timed so that it was at maximum power only when it would be in the approximate location of the index stripes. The frequency of the modulating signal was a function of the tube geometry; on a 21-inch tube the index stripes were posi... | Beam-index tube | 0.796592 |
96,164 | In astronomy, the Kennicutt–Schmidt law is an empirical relation between the surface gas density and star formation rate (SFR) in a given region. The relation was first examined by Maarten Schmidt in a 1959 paper where he proposed that the SFR surface density scales as some positive power n {\displaystyle n} of the loc... | Kennicutt–Schmidt law | 0.796592 |
96,165 | The eight floor of the faculty houses an ISO 8, class 100,000 cleanroom for the development of micro satellites. The facility is used both by staff and by graduate students from the space department of the faculty. The cleanroom is used for space related research and for the production of TU Delft's micro satellites, o... | TU Delft Faculty of Aerospace Engineering | 0.796592 |
96,166 | Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides. Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Tefl... | Perfluorocarboxylic acid | 0.796592 |
96,167 | Piorun (missile), a man-portable air-defense system designed to destroy low-flying aircraft, airplanes, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. Polish Artificial Heart Program launched by the Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development in Zabrze. Graphene acquisition, in 2011 the Institute of Electronic Materials Tech... | Timeline of Polish science and technology | 0.796592 |
96,168 | We can then identify G with its image in GL(V), although in practice it is sometimes convenient to let G be a covering group. Although prehomogeneous vector spaces do not necessarily decompose into direct sums of irreducibles, it is natural to study the irreducible PVS (i.e., when V is an irreducible representation of ... | Prehomogeneous vector space | 0.796591 |
96,169 | In information theory, the Kraft–McMillan theorem establishes that any directly decodable coding scheme for coding a message to identify one value x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} out of a set of possibilities { x 1 , … , x n } {\displaystyle \{x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}\}} can be seen as representing an implicit probability distrib... | Cross entropy | 0.796591 |
96,170 | He is a graduate of the University of Milan where he studied physics and the Catholic University of Milan where he earned a Ph.D. in philosophy in 1957. Agazzi also did post graduate work at Oxford and the universities of Marburg and Münster. | Evandro Agazzi | 0.79659 |
96,171 | The IUBMB is committed to providing training opportunities to biochemists and molecular biologists around the world. The Wood Whelan Research fellowship, established in honor of past-Presidents Harland G. Wood and William Joseph Whelan, provides opportunities for students to travel to a laboratory in a different countr... | International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | 0.79659 |
96,172 | For Newton it was not precisely the center of the Sun or any other body that could be considered at rest, but "the common centre of gravity of the Earth, the Sun and all the Planets is to be esteem'd the Centre of the World", and this center of gravity "either is at rest or moves uniformly forward in a right line". New... | Heliocentric system | 0.79659 |
96,173 | According to Douglas J. Leith, a computer science professor at Trinity College, Yandex Browser not only sends a hashed hardware identifier to Yandex, but also every letter typed in the address bar and every URL visited by the user. | Yandex Browser | 0.796589 |
96,174 | Kempthorne uses the randomization-distribution and the assumption of unit treatment additivity to produce a derived linear model, very similar to the textbook model discussed previously. The test statistics of this derived linear model are closely approximated by the test statistics of an appropriate normal linear mode... | Variance analysis | 0.796589 |
96,175 | In a broader sense, "term base" in computer science is used to designate any resource that provides terminology information. In addition to term bases in the terminological sense, this includes knowledge graphs and ontologies. | Termbase | 0.796589 |
96,176 | This claim was later disputed when scientists announced publicly that there was no safe level of radiation. This was confirmed in a confidential report by a geneticist for the AEC. By 1954 and the Castle Bravo incident, it was obvious that radioactive fallout was dangerous to humans. The United States Atomic Energy Com... | Project GABRIEL | 0.796589 |
96,177 | The mass spectrum of the secondary ions emitted from the bombarded surface during SSIMS provides direct information of not only chemical composition but also of chemical structure of the bombarded area. This is because the mass spectrum includes cluster ions as well as elemental ions. These cluster ions reflect the sur... | Static secondary-ion mass spectrometry | 0.796588 |
96,178 | In 1969 he became a professor and head of the academic division of number theory at the Mathematical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in Minsk and lectured at the Belarusian State University in Minsk. He was a visiting professor at the University of Paris, at the Polish Academy of Sciences and a... | Vladimir Gennadievich Sprindzuk | 0.796588 |
96,179 | In engineering, applied mathematics, and physics, the Buckingham π theorem is a key theorem in dimensional analysis. It is a formalization of Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis. Loosely, the theorem states that if there is a physically meaningful equation involving a certain number n of physical variables, then ... | Buckingham π theorem | 0.796588 |
96,180 | . > λ N {\displaystyle \lambda _{1}>\lambda _{2}>\lambda _{3}>...>\lambda _{N}} ), then the eigenvector corresponding to λ n + 1 {\displaystyle \lambda _{n+1}} is called nth–order Slepian sequence (DPSS) (0≤n≤N-1). This nth–order taper also offers the best sidelobe suppression and is pairwise orthogonal to the Slepian ... | Spectral concentration problem | 0.796588 |
96,181 | In geometry, a rectified prism (also rectified bipyramid) is one of an infinite set of polyhedra, constructed as a rectification of an n-gonal prism, truncating the vertices down to the midpoint of the original edges. In Conway polyhedron notation, it is represented as aPn, an ambo-prism. The lateral squares or rectang... | Joined prism | 0.796587 |
96,182 | Bayesian inference ( BAY-zee-ən or BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian ... | Bayesian Inference | 0.796587 |
96,183 | Przemysław (Przemek) Prusinkiewicz is a Polish computer scientist who advanced the idea that Fibonacci numbers in nature can be in part understood as the expression of certain algebraic constraints on free groups, specifically as certain Lindenmayer grammars. Prusinkiewicz's main work is on the modeling of plant growt... | Przemysław Prusinkiewicz | 0.796587 |
96,184 | According to a NIST retrospective about DES, The DES can be said to have "jump-started" the nonmilitary study and development of encryption algorithms. In the 1970s there were very few cryptographers, except for those in military or intelligence organizations, and little academic study of cryptography. There are now ma... | Data Encryption Standard | 0.796587 |
96,185 | ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is an astrobiology programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The goals of ExoMars are to search for signs of past life on Mars, investigate how the Martian water and geochemical environment varies, investigate atmospheric trace gases and their sources and, by doing so, demonstrate the t... | Mars Organic Detector | 0.796586 |
96,186 | The multiphase buck converter is a circuit topology where basic buck converter circuits are placed in parallel between the input and load. Each of the n "phases" is turned on at equally spaced intervals over the switching period. This circuit is typically used with the synchronous buck topology, described above. | Buck converter | 0.796586 |
96,187 | His high school was ”Dugma. After finishing high school he was accepted to the academic reserve (in Hebrew העתודה האקדמית) and studied Physics-Mathematics at the Hebrew University, in a special program which included computer studies for the first time in Israel. | Pinhas Alpert | 0.796586 |
96,188 | The oldest mathematical texts from Mesopotamia and Egypt are from 2000 to 1800 BC. Many early texts mention Pythagorean triples and so, by inference, the Pythagorean theorem seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical concept after basic arithmetic and geometry. It is in Babylonian mathematics that element... | Mathematical discipline | 0.796586 |
96,189 | Faradaic current can be separated from non-faradaic current in an electrode process. It is more specific than electrochemistry. Quantitative information can be obtained.UV-Vis absorption SEC has been used mainly in different research fields such as: Sensor development. | UV-Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry | 0.796585 |
96,190 | Mermin called the book "a treasure trove of novel perspectives on quantum mechanics" and said that Peres' choice of topics is "a catalogue of common omissions" from other approaches.Meinhard E. Mayer declared that he would "recommend it to anyone teaching or studying quantum mechanics", finding Part II the most interes... | Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods | 0.796585 |
96,191 | The Gabriel–Zisman theorem implies that localization at a multiplicative system has a simple description in terms of roofs. A morphism X ∙ → Y ∙ {\displaystyle X^{\bullet }\to Y^{\bullet }} in D ( A ) {\displaystyle D({\mathcal {A}})} may be described as a pair ( s , f ) {\displaystyle (s,f)} , where for some complex Z... | Derived categories | 0.796585 |
96,192 | They also possess a smaller pick near the bottom to allow for better edge-work and less focus on jumping. Skating, when the "physics of steel blades traveling across ice" is exploited, provides for human movement impossible in other media. For example, the minimal friction required between the narrow steel blade and th... | Figure skate | 0.796584 |
96,193 | In molecular biology, the calponin family repeat is a 26 amino acid protein domain. Calponin 1 (CNN1) contains three copies of this domain. This domain is also found in vertebrate smooth muscle protein (SM22 or transgelin), and a number of other proteins whose physiological role is not yet established, including Drosop... | Calponin family repeat | 0.796584 |
96,194 | Heavy water production and isotope production. 5 physical chemists, physicists, and chemists Werner Heisenberg – Director of the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig until summer 1942; thereafter acting director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik (Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics), ... | German nuclear weapons program | 0.796584 |
96,195 | The College of Computing is the third-highest of Georgia Tech's six colleges (behind the larger and older College of Engineering and College of Sciences) in research awards, with 139 proposals worth $93,737,529 resulting in 119 awards worth $14,579,392 in 2006.There are several organizations tied to or within the Colle... | Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing | 0.796584 |
96,196 | One of Frege's stated purposes was to isolate genuinely logical principles of inference, so that in the proper representation of mathematical proof, one would at no point appeal to "intuition". If there was an intuitive element, it was to be isolated and represented separately as an axiom: from there on, the proof was ... | Gottlob Frege | 0.796584 |
96,197 | A state that cannot be written as a convex sum of product states is called an entangled state. When we speak of one particle in state ϕ i {\displaystyle \phi _{i}} , we must bear in mind that in quantum mechanics identical particles are indistinguishable. In the same Fock space, all particles are identical. | Fock space | 0.796584 |
96,198 | In quantum field theory, ghost fields are fields that have negative kinetic energy and are used to cancel out unphysical degrees of freedom in the theory. They are called ghost fields because they do not correspond to any physical particles. Ghost fields are used in the quantization of gauge theories such as quantum ch... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.796583 |
96,199 | The first is that other modes such as epigenetic inheritance, phenotypic plasticity, the Baldwin effect, and the maternal effect allow new characteristics to arise and be passed on and for the genes to catch up with the new adaptations later. The second is that all such mechanisms are part, not of an inheritance system... | Modern synthesis (20th century) | 0.796583 |
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