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96,000 | While modernization of electrical grids into smart grids allows for optimization of everyday processes, a smart grid, being online, can be vulnerable to cyberattacks. Transformers which increase the voltage of electricity created at power plants for long-distance travel, transmission lines themselves, and distribution ... | Smart power grid | 0.796627 |
96,001 | And if there's anything that goes hand in glove with baseball, it's numbers, another of Silver's childhood interests ("It's always more interesting to apply it to batting averages than algebra class")".As a student at East Lansing High School, Silver won first place in the State of Michigan in the 49th annual John S. K... | Nate Silver | 0.796627 |
96,002 | c. 1400 — Ghiyath al-Kashi “contributed to the development of decimal fractions not only for approximating algebraic numbers, but also for real numbers such as pi. His contribution to decimal fractions is so major that for many years he was considered as their inventor. | Timeline of numerals and arithmetic | 0.796627 |
96,003 | Consider the affine line A 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} ^{1}} over C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } . The complement of the circle { z ∈ C | | z | 2 = 1 } {\displaystyle \{z\in \mathbb {C} ||z|^{2}=1\}} in A 1 = C {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} ^{1}=\mathbb {C} } is not an algebraic variety (not even algebraic set). Note tha... | Affine curve | 0.796627 |
96,004 | He was a professor of mechanics (physics) at The Catholic University of America, from 1895 apparently until 1913-1914 (but one source says only till 1908). In 1901, as part of a pioneering aeronautical laboratory, Zahm built a wind tunnel with financing from Hugo Mattullah. It operated until 1908. | Albert Francis Zahm | 0.796627 |
96,005 | It measures the "density" of the units: if the regulator is small, this means that there are "lots" of units. The regulator has the following geometric interpretation. The map taking a unit u to the vector with entries N j log | u ( j ) | {\textstyle N_{j}\log \left|u^{(j)}\right|} has an image in the r-dimensional s... | Higher regulator | 0.796627 |
96,006 | Hypercube-based NEAT, or HyperNEAT, is a generative encoding that evolves artificial neural networks (ANNs) with the principles of the widely used NeuroEvolution of Augmented Topologies (NEAT) algorithm developed by Kenneth Stanley. It is a novel technique for evolving large-scale neural networks using the geometric re... | HyperNEAT | 0.796626 |
96,007 | Let A be a topological ring, and let B be a topological A-algebra. Then B is formally étale if for all discrete A-algebras C, all nilpotent ideals J of C, and all continuous A-homomorphisms u: B → C/J, there exists a unique continuous A-algebra map v: B → C such that u = pv, where p: C → C/J is the canonical projection... | Formally etale | 0.796626 |
96,008 | In information theoretic cryptography physical assumptions appear, which do not rely on any hardness assumptions, but merely assume a limit on some other resource. In classical cryptography, the bounded-storage model introduced by Ueli Maurer assumes that the adversary can only store a certain number of classical bits.... | Noisy-storage model | 0.796625 |
96,009 | There have been many proofs of these results, from the original, to the later Arrow and Hahn, Cassels, Schneider, etc. An abstract and elegant proof by Ekeland has been extended by Artstein. Different proofs have also appeared in unpublished papers. An elementary proof of the Shapley–Folkman lemma can be found in the b... | Shapley–Folkman lemma | 0.796625 |
96,010 | He determined that the rare-earth elements (lanthanides), 13 of which were known, lay within that gap. Although Mendeleev knew of lanthanum, cerium, and erbium, they were previously unaccounted for in the table because their total number and exact order were not known; Mendeleev still could not fit them in his table by... | History of the periodic table | 0.796625 |
96,011 | Abrikosov, "On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group," Soviet Physics JETP 5, 1174 (1957) Little, W. A.; Parks, R. D. (1962-07-01). "Observation of Quantum Periodicity in the Transition Temperature of a Superconducting Cylinder". | History of superconductivity | 0.796625 |
96,012 | In information geometry, Chentsov's theorem states that the Fisher information metric is, up to rescaling, the unique Riemannian metric on a statistical manifold that is invariant under sufficient statistics. | Chentsov's theorem | 0.796625 |
96,013 | They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists. Feynman, Richard P.; Leighton, Robert B.; Sands, Matthew (2005) . T... | Richard Feynman | 0.796624 |
96,014 | Despite the completion of the seventh period, experimental chemistry of some transactinides has been shown to be inconsistent with the periodic law. In the 1990s, Ken Czerwinski at University of California, Berkeley observed similarities between rutherfordium and plutonium and between dubnium and protactinium, rather t... | History of the periodic table | 0.796624 |
96,015 | By the 1960s, anthropologists such as Frank B. Livingstone had concluded that "there are no races, there are only clines" – smooth gradients of genetic variation in a species across its geographic range. Lewontin's mentor Theodosius Dobzhansky challenged this, arguing that there are human discrete populations that can ... | The Apportionment of Human Diversity | 0.796624 |
96,016 | In 1978 the first standard software package for the Cray-1 was released, consisting of three main products: Cray Operating System (COS) (later machines would run UNICOS, Cray's UNIX flavor) Cray Assembly Language (CAL) Cray FORTRAN (CFT), the first automatically vectorizing Fortran compilerThe United States Department ... | Cray-1 | 0.796624 |
96,017 | R.H. MacArthur (1965) first suggested applying to sex ratios the language of game theory, and this was subsequently picked up by W.D. Hamilton (1967) who termed the equilibrium point the "unbeatable strategy". Hamilton's unbeatable strategy was refined by John Maynard Smith and George R. Price (1973) into their concept... | Fisher's principle | 0.796624 |
96,018 | Croom, F. H. (1978). Basic Concepts of Algebraic Topology. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.796624 |
96,019 | {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}_{0}.} Then the algebra generated by S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} is the set Φ S {\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathcal {S}}} consisting of all possible finite unions of sets in S 1 . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}_{1}.} | List of set identities and relations | 0.796624 |
96,020 | It may also be expressed as a multiple of the Earth's standard surface gravity, which is equal to g = 9.80665 m/s2In astrophysics, the surface gravity may be expressed as log g, which is obtained by first expressing the gravity in cgs units, where the unit of acceleration and surface gravity is centimeters per second s... | Surface gravity | 0.796624 |
96,021 | Mathematical models need to integrate the increasing volume of data being generated on host-pathogen interactions. Many theoretical studies of the population dynamics, structure and evolution of infectious diseases of plants and animals, including humans, are concerned with this problem.Research topics include: antigen... | Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases | 0.796623 |
96,022 | If the monozygotic twins resemble each other much more closely than the dizygotic twins, then it is likely that genetics play a strong role in the development of the trait of interest. These studies showed that the genetic influences on obsessive-compulsive symptoms were 45 to 65% in children. The influence was less in... | Cause of obsessive–compulsive disorder | 0.796623 |
96,023 | Nineteenth century cryptography, in contrast, used simple tables which provided for the transposition of alphanumeric characters, generally given row-column intersections which could be modified by keys which were generally short, numeric, and could be committed to human memory. The system was considered "indecipherabl... | Kerckhoffs's principle | 0.796623 |
96,024 | Generative grammar functions as a source of hypotheses about language computation in the mind and brain. It is argued to be the study of 'the cognitive neuroscience of language'. Generative grammar studies behavioural instincts and the biological nature of cognitive-linguistic algorithms, providing a computational–repr... | Cognitive linguistics | 0.796623 |
96,025 | If M , N ≥ 0 {\displaystyle M,N\geq 0} , although M N {\displaystyle MN} is not necessary positive semidefinite, the Hadamard product is, M ∘ N ≥ 0 {\displaystyle M\circ N\geq 0} (this result is often called the Schur product theorem).Regarding the Hadamard product of two positive semidefinite matrices M = ( m i j ) ≥ ... | Definite matrix | 0.796623 |
96,026 | For the field of real numbers R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } the Milnor K-theory groups can be readily computed. In degree n {\displaystyle n} the group is generated by where ( − 1 ) n {\displaystyle (-1)^{n}} gives a group of order 2 {\displaystyle 2} and the subgroup generated by the l ( a 1 ) ⋯ l ( a n ) {\displayst... | Milnor K-theory | 0.796623 |
96,027 | In probability and statistics, a compound probability distribution (also known as a mixture distribution or contagious distribution) is the probability distribution that results from assuming that a random variable is distributed according to some parametrized distribution, with (some of) the parameters of that distrib... | Compound probability distribution | 0.796623 |
96,028 | from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1987.Shoham is a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and of the Game Theory Society (GTS). Among his awards are the 2008 ACM/SIGART Autonomou... | Yoav Shoham | 0.796623 |
96,029 | The nanotechnology touted by General Motors for automotive use is in the former category: a fine-grained clay with a laminar structure suspended in a thermoplastic olefin (a class which includes many common plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene). The latter category includes fibrous asbestos composites (popular ... | Aggregate (composite) | 0.796621 |
96,030 | In astronomy, a distinction is made between the mean position, apparent position and topocentric position of an object. | Apparent place | 0.796621 |
96,031 | In number theory, a juggler sequence is an integer sequence that starts with a positive integer a0, with each subsequent term in the sequence defined by the recurrence relation: | Juggler sequence | 0.796621 |
96,032 | Some of the earliest ideas and mathematical descriptions on how physical processes and constraints affect biological growth, and hence natural patterns such as the spirals of phyllotaxis, were written by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson in his 1917 book On Growth and Form and Alan Turing in his The Chemical Basis of Morphogen... | Nanos gene | 0.796621 |
96,033 | Note that if S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} is n-ary, then so is S F ^ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{\widehat {\mathcal {F}}}} , and therefore every space X {\displaystyle X} with cmpn X ≤ n {\displaystyle \operatorname {cmpn} \,X\leq n} has a closed, n-ary subbase S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} with S = S F ^ {\d... | Polyadic space | 0.796621 |
96,034 | This clotting activator can interfere with some assays, and so a plain tube is recommended in these cases, but will delay testing. Tubes containing lithium heparin or sodium heparin are also commonly used for a variety of chemistry tests, as they do not require clotting and can be centrifuged immediately after collecti... | Needle stick | 0.796621 |
96,035 | In this sense, helicity can be contrasted to chirality, which is Lorentz invariant, but is not a constant of motion for massive particles. For massless particles, the two coincide: The helicity is equal to the chirality, both are Lorentz invariant, and both are constants of motion. In quantum mechanics, angular momentu... | Helicity (particle physics) | 0.79662 |
96,036 | Kocher grew up in Oregon. He received a bachelor's degree in biology from Stanford University in 1995, where he worked part-time with Martin Hellman. According to Hellman, Kocher is mostly self-taught in cryptography and already knew an amazing amount when they first met in Kocher's sophomore year. As demand for Kocher... | Paul Carl Kocher | 0.79662 |
96,037 | In kinematics, the acceleration of a particle moving along a curve in space is the time derivative of its velocity. In most applications, the acceleration vector is expressed as the sum of its normal and tangential components, which are orthogonal to each other. Siacci's theorem, formulated by the Italian mathematician... | Siacci's theorem | 0.79662 |
96,038 | Since a given major premise and a given minor premise uniquely determine the conclusion (up to variable renaming), Meredith observed that it was only necessary to note which two statements were involved and that the condensed detachment can be used without any other notation required. This led to the "D-notation" for p... | Condensed detachment | 0.79662 |
96,039 | The battery is fully recyclable. The electrodes are made from cotton, to better control the crystal size.A separate research project used the same salt and a high voltage aprotic electrolyte based on a fluorinated solvent and additive, which was capable of supporting the chemistry at 5.2 V with high efficiency. Enough ... | Dual carbon battery | 0.79662 |
96,040 | In algebra the Dixmier conjecture, asked by Jacques Dixmier in 1968, is the conjecture that any endomorphism of a Weyl algebra is an automorphism. Tsuchimoto in 2005, and independently Belov-Kanel and Kontsevich in 2007, showed that the Dixmier conjecture is stably equivalent to the Jacobian conjecture. == References =... | Dixmier conjecture | 0.79662 |
96,041 | During the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, mathematics saw many important innovations building on Greek mathematics. The most notable achievement of Islamic mathematics was the development of algebra. Other achievements of the Islamic period include advances in spherical trigonometry ... | Mathematical research | 0.796619 |
96,042 | For a given genus g, the moduli space for curves C of genus g should contain a dense subset parameterizing those curves with the minimum in the way of special divisors. One goal of the theory is to 'count constants', for those curves: to predict the dimension of the space of special divisors (up to linear equivalence) ... | Brill-Noether theory | 0.796619 |
96,043 | In 2011, several researchers began to develop a Mineral Evolution Database. This database integrates the crowd-sourced site Mindat.org, which has over 690,000 mineral-locality pairs, with the official IMA list of approved minerals and age data from geological publications.This database makes it possible to apply statis... | Mineral ecology | 0.796619 |
96,044 | Waterhouse, William C. (1980). "The early proofs of Sylow's theorem". | Sylow p-subgroup | 0.796619 |
96,045 | In classical mechanics, any measurement can be made to determine the value of an observable. The relation between the state of a quantum system and the value of an observable requires some linear algebra for its description. In the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, up to a phase constant, pure states are g... | Quantum observable | 0.796619 |
96,046 | Newton derived an early theorem which attempted to explain apsidal precession. This theorem is historically notable, but it was never widely used and it proposed forces which have been found not to exist, making the theorem invalid. This theorem of revolving orbits remained largely unknown and undeveloped for over thre... | Precession of perihelion | 0.796619 |
96,047 | The first installation of the room was at the Arizona Museum for Youth. Since its creation, images from the Paper Project have been viewed around the world in museums, science centers, and on the Web. In addition to exhibits the Paper Project has developed educational content that can be used to engage students in art,... | Paper Project | 0.796618 |
96,048 | Joshua Blue is a project under development by IBM that focuses on advancing the artificial intelligence field by designing and programming computers to emulate human mental functions. | Project Joshua Blue | 0.796618 |
96,049 | In linear algebra and projective geometry, Gerbaldi's theorem, proved by Gerbaldi (1882), states that one can find six pairwise apolar linearly independent nondegenerate ternary quadratic forms. These are permuted by the Valentiner group. | Gerbaldi's theorem | 0.796618 |
96,050 | Typically, a "channel" refers to a certain component that defines pixel values in a digital image. A color image, for example is an aggregate of three channels (red, green and blue). The color data of an image is stored in three arrays of values, known as channels. While this definition of a "channel" is widely accepte... | Integral channel feature | 0.796618 |
96,051 | Educational requirements for wildlife biologists typically include tertiary education, such as a bachelor's degree in wildlife biology, zoology, wildlife ecology, or general biology. Many universities offer specialist degrees or courses in wildlife biology. Career progression into research or university-based roles wil... | Wildlife biology | 0.796618 |
96,052 | Let H n = 1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + ⋯ + 1 n {\displaystyle H_{n}=1+{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n}}} be the nth harmonic number. Then σ ( n ) ≤ H n + e H n log H n {\displaystyle \sigma (n)\leq H_{n}+e^{H_{n}}\log H_{n}} is true for every natural number n if and only if the Riemann hypothesis is true. The R... | Arithmetic functions | 0.796618 |
96,053 | Marina Denise Anne Jirotka is professor of human-centered computing at the University of Oxford, director of the Responsible Technology Institute, governing body fellow at St Cross College, board member of the Society for Computers and Law and a research associate at the Oxford Internet Institute. She leads a team that... | Marina Jirotka | 0.796618 |
96,054 | Magma pressure changes with depth as vertical stress is a function of the depth. Another parameter of magma emplacement is the rate of magma supply. From field evidence, the formation of plutons involves multiple stages of magma injection instead of a single pulse. Small batches of magma will accumulate incrementally f... | Magma conduit | 0.796618 |
96,055 | Reaction dynamics is a field within physical chemistry, studying why chemical reactions occur, how to predict their behavior, and how to control them. It is closely related to chemical kinetics, but is concerned with individual chemical events on atomic length scales and over very brief time periods. It considers state... | Reaction dynamics | 0.796617 |
96,056 | Pliny (Naturalis Historia II.X) tells us that Hipparchus demonstrated that lunar eclipses can occur five months apart, and solar eclipses seven months (instead of the usual six months); and the Sun can be hidden twice in thirty days, but as seen by different nations. Ptolemy discussed this a century later at length in ... | Hipparchus | 0.796617 |
96,057 | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first clinical trial in the United States involving human embryonic stem cells on January 23, 2009. Geron Corporation, a biotechnology firm located in Menlo Park, California, originally planned to enroll ten patients with spinal cord injuries to participate in the tri... | Human embryonic stem cells clinical trials | 0.796617 |
96,058 | An operator L: B→B is said to be a nuclear operator if there exists an X ∈ B ∗ ⊗ ^ π B {\displaystyle B^{*}{\widehat {\,\otimes \,}}_{\pi }B} such that L = LX. Such an operator is said to be p-summable and of order q if X is. In general, there may be more than one X associated with such a nuclear operator, and so the t... | Fredholm kernel | 0.796617 |
96,059 | Although it is impossible to precisely pinpoint a first electrical engineer, Francis Ronalds stands ahead of the field, who created the first working electric telegraph system in 1816 and documented his vision of how the world could be transformed by electricity.The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late ... | History of engineering | 0.796616 |
96,060 | He places the current material world in this entropic, dynamical evolution of the energy-matter-information equilibrium. Stonier was born in Hamburg to a French mother and German-Jewish father, and fled with his family to New York in 1939. He studied biology at Drew University and received his PhD from Yale University ... | Tom Stonier | 0.796616 |
96,061 | In algebraic geometry, a surface of general type is an algebraic surface with Kodaira dimension 2. Because of Chow's theorem any compact complex manifold of dimension 2 and with Kodaira dimension 2 will actually be an algebraic surface, and in some sense most surfaces are in this class. | Surface of general type | 0.796616 |
96,062 | In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the vacuum is defined as the state (that is, the solution to the equations of the theory) with the lowest possible energy (the ground state of the Hilbert space). In quantum electrodynamics this vacuum is referred to as 'QED vacuum' to distinguish it from the vacuum of qua... | Hard vacuum | 0.796616 |
96,063 | The connections between number theory and quantum field theory can be somewhat further extended into connections between topological field theory and K-theory, where, corresponding to the example above, the spectrum of a ring takes the role of the spectrum of energy eigenvalues, the prime ideals take the role of the pr... | Primon gas | 0.796615 |
96,064 | Phase distinction is used in conjunction with static checking. By using a calculus based system, phase distinction removes the need to enforce linear logic between different types and terms of programming. | Phase distinction | 0.796615 |
96,065 | (It is possible, to map this Hilbert-space picture to a phase space formulation, invertibly. See below.) The following summary of the mathematical framework of quantum mechanics can be partly traced back to the Dirac–von Neumann axioms. | Mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics | 0.796615 |
96,066 | A lower bound is M ≥ m − d d ( m − 1 ) {\displaystyle M\geq {\sqrt {\frac {m-d}{d(m-1)}}}} A deterministic matrix with the mutual coherence almost meeting the lower bound can be constructed by Weil's theorem.This concept was reintroduced by David Donoho and Michael Elad in the context of sparse representations. A speci... | Mutual coherence (linear algebra) | 0.796615 |
96,067 | The Yoneda lemma provides a full and faithful limit-preserving embedding of any category into a category of presheaves. Mitchell's embedding theorem for abelian categories realises every small abelian category as a full (and exactly embedded) subcategory of a category of modules over some ring. Mostowski's collapsing t... | Representation theorem | 0.796615 |
96,068 | Every multi-way or k-ary tree structure studied in computer science admits a representation as a binary tree, which goes by various names including child-sibling representation, left-child, right-sibling binary tree, doubly chained tree or filial-heir chain.In a binary tree that represents a multi-way tree T, each node... | Left-child right-sibling binary tree | 0.796614 |
96,069 | The topos is based on the partial combinatory algebra given by Kleene's first algebra K 1 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}_{1}} . In Kleene's notion of recursive realizability, any predicate is assigned realizing numbers, i.e. a subset of N {\displaystyle {\mathbb {N} }} . The extremal propositions are ⊤ {\displaystyle \t... | Effective topos | 0.796614 |
96,070 | New Jersey declared that it cannot be delegated to a physician's assistant. Michigan has passed legislation saying needle EMG is the practice of medicine. Special training in diagnosing medical diseases with EMG is required only in residency and fellowship programs in neurology, clinical neurophysiology, neuromuscular ... | Needle electromyography | 0.796614 |
96,071 | in computer aided design and artificial intelligence at the Technical University of Munich and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving his Ph.D. in 1991 (Summa Cum Laude) under Klaus Ehrlenspiel. In 1991, Schaal was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department and Brain and Cognitive Science and the Artificial ... | Stefan Schaal | 0.796614 |
96,072 | Quantitative tissue analysis is widely employed in the field to determine the role of different stimuli in the nervous system. A research group reported about the effect of the magnetic field on neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, where the phenotypic effects were observed using tissue cytometry. Another ... | Tissue Cytometry | 0.796614 |
96,073 | (September 8, 1998), Calculus Made Easy (Revised, Updated, Expanded ed. ), New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0-312-18548-0 | Second-order derivative | 0.796614 |
96,074 | VITAL (Validating Investment Tool for Advancing Life Sciences) was a Board Management Software machine learning proprietary software developed by Aging Analytics, a company registered in Bristol (England) and dissolved in 2017. Andrew Garazha (the firm's Senior Analyst) declared that the project aimed "through iterativ... | VITAL (machine learning software) | 0.796613 |
96,075 | Lenz's law states that the direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes changes in the initial magnetic field. It is named after physicist Emil Lenz, who formulated it in 1834.It is a qualitative law that spe... | Lenz's Law | 0.796613 |
96,076 | In microbiology, streaking is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism, often bacteria. Samples can then be taken from the resulting colonies and a microbiological culture can be grown on a new plate so that the organism can be identified, studied, or tested. The modern streak pl... | Streaking (microbiology) | 0.796613 |
96,077 | Shalaev’s PhD work (supervised by Prof. A.K. Popov) and early research involved theoretical analysis of resonant interaction of laser radiation with gaseous media, in particular i) Doppler-free multi-photon processes in strong optical fields and their applications in nonlinear optics spectroscopy and laser physics as w... | Vladimir Shalaev | 0.796613 |
96,078 | Sir Hans Leo Kornberg, FRS (14 January 1928 – 16 December 2019) was a British-American biochemist. He was Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry in the University of Cambridge from 1975 to 1995, and Master of Christ's College, Cambridge from 1982 to 1995. | Hans Kornberg | 0.796613 |
96,079 | It consists of linear chains of tungsten atoms each in octahedral geometry. Of six chloride ligands attached to each W center, four are bridging ligands. The W-W separations are alternatingly bonding (2.688 Å) and nonbonding (3.787 Å). | Tungsten(IV) chloride | 0.796612 |
96,080 | Beyond its original application to conformal mapping, the circle packing theorem and the ring lemma play key roles in a proof by Keszegh, Pach, and Pálvölgyi that planar graphs of bounded degree can be drawn with bounded slope number. == References == | Ring lemma | 0.796612 |
96,081 | Quantum physics is most commonly formulated in terms of linear algebra, as follows. Any given system is identified with some finite- or infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The pure states correspond to vectors of norm 1. Thus the set of all pure states corresponds to the unit sphere in the Hilbert space, because the un... | Quantum state vector | 0.796612 |
96,082 | In the field of computer science, a pre-topological order or pre-topological ordering of a directed graph is a linear ordering of its vertices such that if there is a directed path from vertex u to vertex v and v comes before u in the ordering, then there is also a directed path from vertex v to vertex u.If the graph i... | Pre-topological order | 0.796611 |
96,083 | If fi is the probability that i other calls are already active on the ingress switch, and gj is the probability that j other calls are already active on the egress switch, the overall blocking probability is: P B = ∑ i = 0 u ∑ j = 0 u f i g j β i j {\displaystyle P_{B}=\sum _{i=0}^{u}\sum _{j=0}^{u}f_{i}g_{j}\beta _{ij... | Clos network | 0.796611 |
96,084 | New Astronomy Reviews. 50 (11–12): 993–998. arXiv:astro-ph/0610716. | Clover (telescope) | 0.796611 |
96,085 | Only the first part of Cantor's second theorem needs to be proved. It states: Given any sequence of real numbers x1, x2, x3, ... and any interval , there is a number in that is not contained in the given sequence.To find a number in that is not contained in the given sequence, construct two sequences of real numbers ... | Cantor's first set theory article | 0.796611 |
96,086 | Thomassen, Carsten (1978), "Hamiltonian paths in squares of infinite locally finite blocks", in Bollobás, B. (ed. ), Advances in Graph Theory (Cambridge Combinatorial Conf., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1977), Annals of Discrete Mathematics, vol. | Fleischner's theorem | 0.796611 |
96,087 | Some universities and secondary educators are integrating digital geologic mapping into class work. For example, The GeoPad project describes the combination of technology, teaching field geology, and geologic mapping in programs such as Bowling Green State University’s geology field camp. At Urbino University (Italy)... | Digital geologic mapping | 0.79661 |
96,088 | The Asilomar Conference (Berg et al. 1975) established widespread agreement that recombinant techniques were insufficiently understood and needed to be tightly controlled. The DNA transmission capabilities of Agrobacterium have been vastly explored in biotechnology as a means of inserting foreign genes into plants. Sho... | Agrobacterium radiobacter | 0.79661 |
96,089 | Once the AEC took over control of the Manhattan Project's various roles, Hamilton returned to his work at Berkeley. In a memo written in 1950, Hamilton gave some recommendations to the AEC's Director of Biology and Medicine, Shields Warren. Hamilton wrote that large primates like "chimpanzees ... be substituted for hu... | Joseph Gilbert Hamilton | 0.79661 |
96,090 | A sphaleron (Greek: σφαλερός "slippery") is a static (time-independent) solution to the electroweak field equations of the Standard Model of particle physics, and is involved in certain hypothetical processes that violate baryon and lepton numbers. Such processes cannot be represented by perturbative methods such as Fe... | Sphaleron | 0.79661 |
96,091 | The first version of Google's Lyra codec uses log mel spectrograms as the feature extraction step. The transmitted-data is a vector quantized form of the spectrogram, which is then synthesized back to speech by a neural network. Use of the mel scale is believed to weigh the data in a way appropriate to human perception... | Mel scale | 0.79661 |
96,092 | In condensed matter physics and black hole physics, the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model is an exactly solvable model initially proposed by Subir Sachdev and Jinwu Ye, and later modified by Alexei Kitaev to the present commonly used form. The model is believed to bring insights into the understanding of strongly correlate... | Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model | 0.79661 |
96,093 | Therefore, any method to decompose G allows to find a realization. The two main approaches are variants of Cholesky decomposition or using spectral decompositions to find the principal square root of G, see Definite matrix#Decomposition. The statement of theorem distinguishes the first point x 1 {\displaystyle x_{1}} . | Euclidean distance matrix | 0.79661 |
96,094 | In a study done on rats, the nanoparticles were injected directly into the rat's tail and they still were able to reach the desired target (the left carotid artery) at a rate that was twice the amount of the non-targeted nanoparticles ("MIT-Massachusetts Institute of Technology"). Because the particles can deliver drug... | Heart nanotechnology | 0.796609 |
96,095 | In molecular biology the small pathogenicity island RNA X (alias RsaOR) gene is a bacterial non-coding RNA. It was discovered in a large-scale analysis of Staphylococcus aureus. SprX was shown to influence antibiotic resistance of the bacteria to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin glycopeptides, which are used to treat MRSA in... | SprX small RNA | 0.796609 |
96,096 | He was content to regard Goethe's observations as a kind of logic or geometry. Wittgenstein took some of his examples from the Runge letter included at the end of the "Farbenlehre", e.g. "White is the lightest colour", "There cannot be a transparent white", "There cannot be a reddish green", and so on. The logical stat... | Remarks on Colour | 0.796608 |
96,097 | In 2004 he was named chancellor, a position he held until October 2007, when he retired at the age of 79 after views attributed to him on race and intelligence appeared in the British press. In January 2019, CSHL severed all ties with Watson—and revoked his honorary titles—after he unequivocally restated these views in... | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | 0.796607 |
96,098 | Call by need reduction can be defined similarly to optimal reduction as weak leftmost-outermost reduction using parallel reduction of redexes with the same label, for a slightly different labelled lambda calculus. An alternate definition changes the beta rule to an operation that finds the next "needed" computation, ev... | Reduction strategy | 0.796607 |
96,099 | 1926 – Enrico Fermi discovers the spin-statistics theorem connection. 1926 – Paul Dirac introduces Fermi–Dirac statistics. 1926 – Erwin Schrödinger uses De Broglie's electron wave postulate (1924) to develop a "wave equation" that represents mathematically the distribution of a charge of an electron distributed through... | Timeline of quantum mechanics | 0.796607 |
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