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81,900 | The concept of communicative ecology has emerged amidst concerns that studies attempting to identify causal relationships between discrete technologies and social impacts neglect variables that are salient to the successful implementation and uptake of technologies in situ (Dourish, 2004). This mirrors the way in which... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,901 | Consequently, it extends the possibility of research into population change and lifecycles, spatiotemporal dynamics, networks and clusters, and power relations within the frame of a communicative ecology. Also, as ecologies are not isolated entities, further questions regarding the similarities, differences, interrelat... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,902 | The communicative ecology model enables researchers to take a holistic approach to understanding the dynamic interrelationships between social dimensions, discourse and communications technology in both physical and digital environments. The use of an ecological metaphor markedly expands the potential sphere of inquiry... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,903 | For example, residents of a new master-planned housing estate will have a young communicative ecology that is in a period of growth but may need cultivation in order to become active. In this case, sociocultural animation of the ecology may be required for it to become socially sustainable (Tacchi et al., 2003). Commun... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,904 | Different settings have distinct affordances that may facilitate or hinder communication within an ecology. In a physical setting this might mean a neighbourhood has several coffee shops and parks where residents can interact. In an online setting, certain design features may enable certain types of communication and c... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,905 | Often in sociological literature, an ecology is seen to be anchored in a geographical area of human settlement. In the case of a communicative ecology, while the majority of studies have been conducted in physical environments, it is also possible to use the framework to examine ecologies grounded in an online environm... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,906 | It has been proposed that the communicative ecology framework is suited to studies at the level of the dwelling, neighbourhood, suburb or city (Hearn & Foth, 2007). However, it is also suitable for studies of communicative ecologies that are grounded in online environments. | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,907 | The study of a communicative ecology requires decisions to be made concerning the scope of both data collection and analysis. Prior to data collection, a decision must be made as to the investigative frame of the study, whereas decisions regarding the analytical scope of a study may be made after a rich picture of the ... | Communicative ecology | 0.784409 |
81,908 | Irrational windings of a torus may be used to set up counter-examples related to monomorphisms. An irrational winding is an immersed submanifold but not a regular submanifold of the torus, which shows that the image of a manifold under a continuous injection to another manifold is not necessarily a (regular) submanifol... | Linear flow on the torus | 0.784409 |
81,909 | The view that quantum discord can be a resource for quantum processors was further cemented in 2012, where experiments established that discord between bipartite systems can be consumed to encode information that can only be accessed by coherent quantum interactions. Quantum discord is an indicator of minimum coherence... | Quantum discord | 0.784408 |
81,910 | In mathematical terms, quantum discord is defined in terms of the quantum mutual information. More specifically, quantum discord is the difference between two expressions which each, in the classical limit, represent the mutual information. These two expressions are: I ( A ; B ) = H ( A ) + H ( B ) − H ( A , B ) {\disp... | Quantum discord | 0.784408 |
81,911 | Finally, Special Operations Officers, primarily Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) / Diver officers will have a training track similar in length to that of SEAL officers, to include schools for EOD, SCUBA, hard hat diving, airborne (parachutists) and combat arms skills training before assignment to their first operation... | Enseigne de vaisseau | 0.784408 |
81,912 | In molecular biology, the Ubiquitin-Interacting Motif (UIM), or 'LALAL-motif', is a sequence motif of about 20 amino acid residues, which was first described in the 26S proteasome subunit PSD4/RPN-10 that is known to recognise ubiquitin. In addition, the UIM is found, often in tandem or triplet arrays, in a variety of ... | Ubiquitin-interacting motif | 0.784407 |
81,913 | In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is an extension of the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics. For a quantum-mechanical system described by a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is S = − tr ( ρ ln ρ ) , {\displaystyle S... | Von Neumann entropy | 0.784406 |
81,914 | Mason's gain formula (MGF) is a method for finding the transfer function of a linear signal-flow graph (SFG). The formula was derived by Samuel Jefferson Mason, whom it is also named after. MGF is an alternate method to finding the transfer function algebraically by labeling each signal, writing down the equation for h... | Mason's rule | 0.784405 |
81,915 | permutations of the intermediate vertices. Thus Gaussian elimination is more efficient in the general case. Yet Mason's rule characterizes the transfer functions of interconnected systems in a way which is simultaneously algebraic and combinatorial, allowing for general statements and other computations in algebraic sy... | Mason's rule | 0.784405 |
81,916 | Statements of fact and assumptions that define the expectations of the system in terms of mission objectives, environment, constraints, and measures of effectiveness and suitability (MOE/MOS). The customers are those that perform the eight primary functions of systems engineering, with special emphasis on the operator ... | Requirement analysis | 0.784405 |
81,917 | Many ketones contain the benzoyl group. They have the formula C6H5CO–R, an important example being benzophenone. Benzoyl esters and amides are common in organic chemistry. | Benzoyl group | 0.784403 |
81,918 | In organic chemistry, benzoyl (, BENZ-oh-il) is the functional group with the formula −COC6H5 and structure −C(=O)−C6H5. It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass of 105 amu. The term "benzoyl" should not be confused with benzyl, which has the formula −CH2−C6H5. The benzoyl gro... | Benzoyl group | 0.784403 |
81,919 | In population genetics, a selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure of differences in relative fitness. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selection. The follow... | Selection coefficient | 0.784402 |
81,920 | A pelvic examination is the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. It is frequently used in gynecology for the evaluation of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract, such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence, or trauma (e.g. sexual assault). It can als... | Bimanual examination | 0.784402 |
81,921 | The Clifford index of C is then defined as the minimum of d − 2 ( ℓ ( D ) − 1 ) {\displaystyle d-2(\ell (D)-1)} taken over all special divisors (except canonical and trivial), and Clifford's theorem states this is non-negative. It can be shown that the Clifford index for a generic curve of genus g is equal to the floor... | Clifford index | 0.784402 |
81,922 | The other significant invariant of D is its degree d, which is the sum of all its coefficients. A divisor is called special if ℓ(K − D) > 0, where K is the canonical divisor.Clifford's theorem states that for an effective special divisor D, one has: 2 ( ℓ ( D ) − 1 ) ≤ d {\displaystyle 2(\ell (D)-1)\leq d} ,and that eq... | Clifford index | 0.784401 |
81,923 | It is native in Europe and Central Asia, ubiquitous throughout the British Isles, introduced in North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and elsewhere, and globally cultivated as a forage crop. White clover has been used as a model organism for global research into ecology and urban evolution. As part... | White Clover | 0.784398 |
81,924 | Patronite is the vanadium sulfide mineral with formula VS4. The material is usually described as V4+(S22−)2. Structurally, it is a "linear-chain" compound with alternating bonding and nonbonding contacts between the vanadium centers. The vanadium is octa-coordinated, which is an uncommon geometry for this metal.The min... | Vanadium tetrasulfide | 0.784398 |
81,925 | The Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering is awarded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada to recognize "research contributions characterized by both excellence and influence." Prior to 2000, NSERC had awarded the Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineerin... | Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering | 0.784396 |
81,926 | NSERC's Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering was first awarded in 1991 to Raymond Lemieux, a chemist working at University of Alberta. Mathematician James Arthur from the University of Toronto was the 1999 recipient, the last year before the award was renamed in honour of Gerhard Herzberg, the winner of the 19... | Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering | 0.784396 |
81,927 | Asimov explores the force field concept again in the short story Not Final!. The concept of force fields as a defensive measure from enemy attack or as a form of attack can be regularly found in modern video games as well as in film, such as in The War of the Worlds (1953, George Pál) and Independence Day. The ability ... | Force shield | 0.784396 |
81,928 | In probability theory, the Brownian tree, or Aldous tree, or Continuum Random Tree (CRT) is a random real tree that can be defined from a Brownian excursion. The Brownian tree was defined and studied by David Aldous in three articles published in 1991 and 1993. This tree has since then been generalized. | Brownian tree | 0.784395 |
81,929 | Every complex, semisimple Lie algebra has a split real form and a compact real form; the former is called a complexification of the latter two. The Lie algebra of Sp(2n, C) is semisimple and is denoted sp(2n, C). Its split real form is sp(2n, R) and its compact real form is sp(n). These correspond to the Lie groups Sp(... | Symplectic group | 0.784392 |
81,930 | In Cartan's classification of the simple Lie algebras, the Lie algebra of the complex group Sp(2n, C) is denoted Cn, and Sp(n) is the compact real form of Sp(2n, C). Note that when we refer to the (compact) symplectic group it is implied that we are talking about the collection of (compact) symplectic groups, indexed b... | Symplectic group | 0.784391 |
81,931 | This shows that s {\displaystyle s} generates V {\displaystyle V} as a k {\displaystyle k} -algebra and thus the S {\displaystyle S} -stable k {\displaystyle k} -linear subspaces of V {\displaystyle V} are ideals of V {\displaystyle V} , i.e. they are 0 {\displaystyle 0} , J {\displaystyle J} and V {\displaystyle V} . ... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,932 | Since X p − a {\displaystyle X^{p}-a} is irreducible in k {\displaystyle k} , ideals of V are 0 {\displaystyle 0} , V {\displaystyle V} and J = ( x p − a ) V {\displaystyle J=\left(x^{p}-a\right)V} . Suppose T = S + N {\displaystyle T=S+N} for commuting k {\displaystyle k} -linear operators S {\displaystyle S} and N {... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,933 | Consider linear operators on a finite-dimensional vector space over a field. An operator T {\displaystyle T} is semisimple if every T-invariant subspace has a complementary T-invariant subspace (if the underlying field is algebraically closed, this is the same as the requirement that the operator be diagonalizable). An... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,934 | Proof: Without loss of generality, assume k is algebraically closed. By Lie's theorem and Engel's theorem, it suffices to show for each x ∈ D g {\displaystyle x\in D{\mathfrak {g}}} , x {\displaystyle x} is a nilpotent endomorphism of V. Write x = ∑ i {\textstyle x=\sum _{i}} . | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,935 | Applying that to the above equation, one gets: ∑ i m i φ ( λ i ) 2 = 0 {\displaystyle \sum _{i}m_{i}\varphi (\lambda _{i})^{2}=0} and, since φ ( λ i ) {\displaystyle \varphi (\lambda _{i})} are all real numbers, φ ( λ i ) = 0 {\displaystyle \varphi (\lambda _{i})=0} for every i. Varying the linear functionals then impl... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,936 | The Jordan decomposition can be used to characterize nilpotency of an endomorphism. Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, E = End Q ( k ) {\displaystyle E=\operatorname {End} _{\mathbb {Q} }(k)} the endomorphism ring of k over rational numbers and V a finite-dimensional vector space over k. G... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,937 | In the formulation of Chevalley and Mostow, the additive decomposition states that an element X in a real semisimple Lie algebra g with Iwasawa decomposition g = k ⊕ a ⊕ n can be written as the sum of three commuting elements of the Lie algebra X = S + D + N, with S, D and N conjugate to elements in k, a and n respecti... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,938 | In mathematics, the Jordan–Chevalley decomposition, named after Camille Jordan and Claude Chevalley, expresses a linear operator as the sum of its commuting semisimple part and its nilpotent part. The multiplicative decomposition expresses an invertible operator as the product of its commuting semisimple and unipotent ... | Jordan–Chevalley decomposition | 0.78439 |
81,939 | At the focus of two of the telescopes is a gas imaging spectrometer (GIS), while a solid-state imaging spectrometer (SIS) is at the focus of the other two. The GIS is a gas-imaging scintillation proportional counter and is based on the GSPC that flew on the second Japanese X-ray astronomy mission, Tenma. The two identi... | Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics | 0.78439 |
81,940 | ASCA was the first X-ray astronomy mission to combine imaging capability with a broad passband, good spectral resolution, and a large effective area. The mission also was the first satellite to use CCDs for X-ray astronomy. With these properties, the primary scientific purpose of ASCA was the X-ray spectroscopy of astr... | Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics | 0.78439 |
81,941 | The Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA, formerly named ASTRO-D) was the fourth cosmic X-ray astronomy mission by JAXA, and the second for which the United States provided part of the scientific payload. The satellite was successfully launched on 20 February 1993. The first eight months of the ASCA ... | Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics | 0.78439 |
81,942 | The team also does many productive activities such as visiting high schools and talking about civil engineering and the steel bridge competition. There is at least a meeting every week talking about the process of the team and keeping members informed. Meetings are always held during common hours. Sometimes pizzas and ... | NJIT Steel Bridge Team | 0.78439 |
81,943 | NJIT Steel Bridge Team is a team within the New Jersey Institute of Technology's ASCE chapter). It consists of undergraduate students who are attending at NJIT, majoring in civil engineering, and also members of ASCE. Every year, the team competes against other schools in a steel bridge competition. Every year, the tea... | NJIT Steel Bridge Team | 0.78439 |
81,944 | In stereochemistry, a chiral auxiliary is a stereogenic group or unit that is temporarily incorporated into an organic compound in order to control the stereochemical outcome of the synthesis. The chirality present in the auxiliary can bias the stereoselectivity of one or more subsequent reactions. The auxiliary can th... | Myers' asymmetric alkylation | 0.784388 |
81,945 | The HIV protease inhibitor Tipranavir is marketed for the treatment of AIDS. The first enantioselective medicinal chemistry route to Tipranavir included the conjugate addition of an organocuprate reagent to a chiral Michael acceptor. The chiral oxazolidinone in the Michael acceptor controlled the stereochemistry of one... | Myers' asymmetric alkylation | 0.784388 |
81,946 | Seagrasses occurring in the intertidal and subtidal zones are exposed to highly variable environmental conditions due to tidal changes. Subtidal seagrasses are more frequently exposed to lower light conditions, driven by plethora of natural and human-caused influences that reduce light penetration by increasing the den... | Seagrass | 0.784386 |
81,947 | In turn, other materials (such as nickel) can be used to quench the afterglow and shorten the decay part of the phosphor emission characteristics. Many phosphor powders are produced in low-temperature processes, such as sol-gel, and usually require post-annealing at temperatures of ~1000 °C, which is undesirable for ma... | Phosphor | 0.784385 |
81,948 | A different method of production to the Woolwich process was found and used in Canada, possibly at the McGill University department of chemistry. This was based on reacting paraformaldehyde and ammonium nitrate in acetic anhydride. A UK patent application was made by Robert Walter Schiessler (Pennsylvania State Univers... | Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine | 0.784385 |
81,949 | The on-site student outreach program brings over 2,000 youth to the facility annually to experience workshops on robotics, rocketry, aviation, and other STEM topics. The ERC also runs numerous student STEM competitions in the fields of robotics and aviation. Starting in 2012 the ERC became the partner for the FIRST LEG... | Independent Verification and Validation Facility | 0.784384 |
81,950 | JSTAR had a huge outreach opportunity with West Virginia University through the support of NASA IV&V and West Virginia Space Grants Consortium (WVSGC). By being partnered with JSTAR engineers and scientists, WVU Engineering, Computer Science, and Physics departments got to learn first-hand the rewards and challenges in... | Independent Verification and Validation Facility | 0.784384 |
81,951 | NASA's IV&V Program also provides independent technical assessments of NASA systems and software processes/products to identify developmental and operational risks. This effort helps to provide assurance that safe and reliable software is being provided to NASA missions and projects as they work toward successful syste... | Independent Verification and Validation Facility | 0.784384 |
81,952 | In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, the étale homotopy type is an analogue of the homotopy type of topological spaces for algebraic varieties. Roughly speaking, for a variety or scheme X, the idea is to consider étale coverings U → X {\displaystyle U\rightarrow X} and to replace each connected component o... | Étale homotopy type | 0.784383 |
81,953 | This theorem, named after Nikolai Luzin and his doctoral student Pyotr Novikov, is an important result used is many proofs about countable Borel relations. Theorem. Suppose X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} are standard Borel spaces and R {\displaystyle R} is a countable Borel relation between X {\displaystyl... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,954 | When one talks about Borel equivalence relations and requires f {\displaystyle f} to be Borel measurable, this is often denoted by E ∼ B F {\displaystyle E\sim _{B}F} . Countable Borel equivalence relations, and relations of similar complexity in the sense described above, appear in various places in mathematics (see e... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,955 | As a concrete example, let X {\displaystyle X} be the set of subgroups of F 2 {\displaystyle F_{2}} , the Free group of rank 2, with the topology generated by basic open sets of the form { G ∈ X | a ∈ G } {\displaystyle \lbrace G\in X|a\in G\rbrace } and { G ∈ X | a ∉ G } {\displaystyle \lbrace G\in X|a\notin G\rbrace ... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,956 | A countable union of countable Borel relations is also a countable Borel relation. The intersection of a countable Borel relation with any Borel subset of X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} is a countable Borel relation. If f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is a function between standard Borel spaces, the graph Γ ( f ) {\... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,957 | The Feldman-Moore theorem, named after Jacob Feldman and Calvin C. Moore, states: Theorem. Suppose E {\displaystyle E} is a Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X {\displaystyle X} which has countable equivalence classes. Then there exists a countable group G {\displaystyle G} and action of G {\displays... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,958 | This lemma is due to Theodore Slaman and John R. Steel, and can be proven using the Feldman-Moore theorem: Lemma. Suppose E {\displaystyle E} is a Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X {\displaystyle X} which has countable equivalence classes. Let B = { x ∈ X | | E | = ℵ 0 } {\displaystyle B=\lbrace x... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,959 | Let X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} be standard Borel spaces. A countable Borel relation between X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} is a subset R {\displaystyle R} of the cartesian product X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} which is a Borel set (as a subset in the Product topology) and satisfies that ... | Countable Borel relation | 0.784381 |
81,960 | The Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) measured high energy (20 MeV to 30 GeV) gamma-ray source positions to a fraction of a degree and photon energy to within 15 percent. EGRET was developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, and Stanford Universit... | Compton Gamma Ray Observatory | 0.784381 |
81,961 | A number of advances introduced mostly in the 19th century, allowed for more objective assessment by the physician in search of a diagnosis, and less need of input from the patient. During the 20th century the introduction of a wide range of imaging techniques and other testing methods such as genetic testing, clinical... | Positive symptoms | 0.784379 |
81,962 | A geometric way of proving the theorem is by reducing the theorem to the case when X is the projective line, and proving it by explicit computations in this case, for example in Altman & Kleiman (1970, Ch. VIII, p. 177). Tate (1968) proves the theorem using a notion of traces for certain endomorphisms of infinite-dimen... | Sum of residues formula | 0.784378 |
81,963 | In this article, X denotes a proper smooth algebraic curve over a field k. A meromorphic (algebraic) differential form ω {\displaystyle \omega } has, at each closed point x in X, a residue which is denoted res x ω {\displaystyle \operatorname {res} _{x}\omega } . Since ω {\displaystyle \omega } has poles only at fini... | Sum of residues formula | 0.784378 |
81,964 | In mathematics, the residue formula says that the sum of the residues of a meromorphic differential form on a smooth proper algebraic curve vanishes. | Sum of residues formula | 0.784378 |
81,965 | Quantum electrodynamics (QED) offers another derivation of the properties of a diffraction grating in terms of photons as particles (at some level). QED can be described intuitively with the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics. As such it can model photons as potentially following all paths from a source to ... | Transmission grating | 0.784375 |
81,966 | A hyperbolic metamaterial made from titanium nitride (metal) and aluminum scandium nitride (dielectric) have compatible crystal structures and can form a superlattice, a crystal that combines two (or more) materials. The material is compatible with existing CMOS technology (unlike traditional gold and silver), mechanic... | Plasmonic metamaterial | 0.784372 |
81,967 | In statistics, economics, and econophysics, the king effect is the phenomenon in which the top one or two members of a ranked set show up as clear outliers. These top one or two members are unexpectedly large because they do not conform to the statistical distribution or rank-distribution which the remainder of the set... | King effect | 0.78437 |
81,968 | The Journal of Geophysics and Engineering is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Inspec, Scopus, Astrophysics Data System, and GEOBASE. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the jo... | Journal of Geophysics and Engineering | 0.78437 |
81,969 | The Journal of Geophysics and Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and developments in geophysics and related areas of engineering. Although the journal has a predominantly applied science and engineering focus, it also publishes contributions in all Earth-physics disciplines from global ... | Journal of Geophysics and Engineering | 0.78437 |
81,970 | In probability theory and statistics, a continuous-time stochastic process, or a continuous-space-time stochastic process is a stochastic process for which the index variable takes a continuous set of values, as contrasted with a discrete-time process for which the index variable takes only distinct values. An alternat... | Continuous-time stochastic process | 0.784369 |
81,971 | In the mathematical area of graph theory, an undirected graph G is dually chordal if the hypergraph of its maximal cliques is a hypertree. The name comes from the fact that a graph is chordal if and only if the hypergraph of its maximal cliques is the dual of a hypertree. Originally, these graphs were defined by maximu... | Dually chordal graph | 0.784368 |
81,972 | There are 15 truncatable primes that are both right-truncatable and left-truncatable:2, 3, 5, 7, 23, 37, 53, 73, 313, 317, 373, 797, 3137, 3797, 739397 (sequence A020994 in the OEIS)There are 15 perfect matchings of the complete graph K6 and 15 rooted binary trees with four labeled leaves, both of these being among the... | 15 (number) | 0.784366 |
81,973 | The institute has or had worked on numerous topics or projects. Experimental astronomy and space physics. Observational Astronomy Research on X-ray Binary Pulsars, based Black Hole High mass X-ray Binary Computational Astrophysics and Space Physics | Lowell Center for Space Science & Technology | 0.784366 |
81,974 | Supriya Chakrabarti, Ph.D., Professor of UMass Lowell and Director of the institute, faculty on Physics and applied physics. Dimitris Christodoulou, Assistant Teaching Professor, faculty on Mathematical Science Ofer Cohen, excels in the field of Computational plasma physics, Computational methods, Magnetohydrodynamics ... | Lowell Center for Space Science & Technology | 0.784366 |
81,975 | Push–pull technology was developed at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya in collaboration with Rothamsted Research, UK. and national partners in the 1990s. Research and development for the push-pull strategy was funded by a number of partners including the Gatsby Charitable Found... | Push–pull agricultural pest management | 0.784365 |
81,976 | Push–pull technology was developed at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya in collaboration with Rothamsted Research, UK. and national partners. This technology has been taught to smallholder farmers through collaborations with universities, NGOs and national research organizations... | Push–pull agricultural pest management | 0.784365 |
81,977 | Although many details remain to be settled, neuroscience research has clearly shown that both factors are important. Genes determine the general form of the brain, and genes determine how the brain reacts to experience. Experience, however, is required to refine the matrix of synaptic connections, which in its develope... | Brain signals | 0.784365 |
81,978 | In mathematics, a harshad number (or Niven number) in a given number base is an integer that is divisible by the sum of its digits when written in that base. Harshad numbers in base n are also known as n-harshad (or n-Niven) numbers. Harshad numbers were defined by D. R. Kaprekar, a mathematician from India. The word "... | Harshad numbers | 0.784364 |
81,979 | Quest Software was founded in 1987 in Newport Beach, California, with a line of products for HP Multi-Programming Executive (MPE). In 1995, Vinny Smith joined the company. The following year, Quest entered the database management market with an Oracle SQL database tuning product. In 1997, Quest opened an office in the ... | One Identity | 0.784364 |
81,980 | In probability theory, a nonlinear expectation is a nonlinear generalization of the expectation. Nonlinear expectations are useful in utility theory as they more closely match human behavior than traditional expectations. The common use of nonlinear expectations is in assessing risks under uncertainty. Generally, nonli... | Nonlinear expectation | 0.784362 |
81,981 | The TLA+ Proof System, or TLAPS, mechanically checks proofs written in TLA+. It was developed at the Microsoft Research-INRIA Joint Centre to prove correctness of concurrent and distributed algorithms. The proof language is designed to be independent of any particular theorem prover; proofs are written in a declarative... | TLA+ | 0.784361 |
81,982 | TLA+ is also used to write machine-checked proofs of correctness both for algorithms and mathematical theorems. The proofs are written in a declarative, hierarchical style independent of any single theorem prover backend. Both formal and informal structured mathematical proofs can be written in TLA+; the language is si... | TLA+ | 0.784361 |
81,983 | Modern temporal logic was developed by Arthur Prior in 1957, then called tense logic. Although Amir Pnueli was the first to seriously study the applications of temporal logic to computer science, Prior speculated on its use a decade earlier in 1967: The usefulness of systems of this sort does not depend on any serious... | TLA+ | 0.784361 |
81,984 | At Microsoft, a critical bug was discovered in the Xbox 360 memory module during the process of writing a specification in TLA+. TLA+ was used to write formal proofs of correctness for Byzantine Paxos and components of the Pastry distributed hash table.Amazon Web Services has used TLA+ since 2011. TLA+ model checking u... | TLA+ | 0.784361 |
81,985 | SSP programs focus on animals that are near threatened, threatened, endangered, or otherwise in danger of extinction in the wild, when zoo and zoology conservationists believe captive breeding programs will aid in their chances of survival. These programs help maintain healthy and genetically diverse animal populations... | Species Survival Plan | 0.784361 |
81,986 | The prefix giga- is preferred to billion- to avoid confusion in the long and short scales over the meaning of billion; the postfix annum may be further qualified for precision as a sidereal year or Julian year: 1 Gaj = 3.15576×1016 s, 1 Gas = 3.15581×1016 s (epoch J2000.0). 1 Gas = 1×109 yByr was formerly used in Engli... | Billion years | 0.784358 |
81,987 | A billion years or giga-annum (109 years) is a unit of time on the petasecond scale, more precisely equal to 3.16×1016 seconds (or simply 1,000,000,000 years). It is sometimes abbreviated Gy, Ga ("giga-annum"), Byr and variants. The abbreviations Gya or bya are for "billion years ago", i.e. billion years before present... | Billion years | 0.784358 |
81,988 | Unlike optical astronomy telescopes, which are suitable to observing hot objects which emit visible radiation, radio telescopes that operate in the millimeter wavebands can view much colder objects that emit lower frequency radiation. For instance, supermassive black holes are very cold, with some larger black holes on... | IRAM 30m telescope | 0.784357 |
81,989 | The IRAM 30-meter telescope is a radio telescope used for astronomical observations in the millimeter range of wavelengths. Operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy in the Millimeter Range (IRAM) and located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, close to the Pico Veleta peak in Spain, its large surface and wide-ang... | IRAM 30m telescope | 0.784357 |
81,990 | Similarly, bulk rock geochemistry techniques are applied to interpret provenance linking geochemical signatures to source rocks and tectonic settings. Later, with the development of chemical and isotopic micro-analysis methods and geochronological techniques(e.g. ICP-MS, SHRIMP), provenance researches shifted to analyz... | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,991 | The study of sedimentary provenance involves several geological disciplines, including mineralogy, geochemistry, geochronology, sedimentology, igneous and metamorphic petrology. The development of provenance methods are heavily dependent on the development of these mainstream geological disciplines. The earliest proven... | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,992 | Generally, provenance methods can be sorted into two categories, which are petrological methods and geochemical methods. Examples of petrological methods include QFL ternary diagram, heavy mineral assemblages (apatite–tourmaline index, garnet zircon index), clay mineral assemblages and illite crystallinity, reworked fo... | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,993 | A combination usage of multiple provenance methods (e.g.petrography, heavy mineral analysis, mineral geochemistry, wholerock geochemistry, geochronology and drainage capture analysis)can provide valuable insights to all stages of hydrocarbon exploration and production. In exploration stage, provenance studies can enhan... | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,994 | Provenance in geology, is the reconstruction of the origin of sediments. The Earth is a dynamic planet, and all rocks are subject to transition between the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks (the rock cycle). Rocks exposed to the surface are sooner or later broken down into sediments. | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,995 | Provenance (from the French provenir, "to come from"), is the place of origin or earliest known history of something. In geology (specifically, in sedimentary petrology), the term provenance deals with the question where sediments originate from. The purpose of sedimentary provenance studies is to reconstruct and to in... | Provenance (geology) | 0.784355 |
81,996 | The tangent space to K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} can be identified with the space of smooth real-valued functions on M {\displaystyle M} . Let S φ {\displaystyle S_{\varphi }} denote the scalar curvature of the Riemannian metric corresponding to ω φ {\displaystyle \omega _{\varphi }} , and let S ^ {\displaystyle {... | Mabuchi functional | 0.784355 |
81,997 | quasi-coherent sheaves F on a noetherian scheme X), then X is Stein (resp. affine); see (Serre 1956) (resp. (Serre 1957) and (Hartshorne 1977, Theorem III.3.7)). | Cartan's theorems A and B | 0.784354 |
81,998 | The analogue of Theorem B in this context is as follows (Hartshorne 1977, Theorem III.3.7): These theorems have many important applications. For instance, they imply that a holomorphic function on a closed complex submanifold, Z, of a Stein manifold X can be extended to a holomorphic function on all of X. At a deeper l... | Cartan's theorems A and B | 0.784354 |
81,999 | In mathematics, Cartan's theorems A and B are two results proved by Henri Cartan around 1951, concerning a coherent sheaf F on a Stein manifold X. They are significant both as applied to several complex variables, and in the general development of sheaf cohomology. Theorem B is stated in cohomological terms (a formulat... | Cartan's theorems A and B | 0.784354 |
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