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94,000 | The Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database is a scientific project based on a dynamic web interface and a relational database management system. Its main purpose is the management of STR populational data reported from all over the world, providing highly specialized population genetics tools and also an overview ... | Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database | 0.779355 |
94,001 | In his paper "To those who will be reading in order to build" ("Тем, кто будет читать, чтобы строить"), published in 1938 but dated 1918–1919, Yuri Kondratyuk suggested that a spacecraft traveling between two planets could be accelerated at the beginning and end of its trajectory by using the gravity of the two planets... | Swing-by maneuver | 0.779355 |
94,002 | After the slingshot occurs the spaceship is leaving on a course 90 degrees to that which it arrived on. It will still have a velocity of v, but in the horizontal direction. In the Sun reference frame, the planet has a horizontal velocity of v, and by using the Pythagorean Theorem, the spaceship initially has a total ve... | Swing-by maneuver | 0.779355 |
94,003 | Anomalous diffusion is a diffusion process with a non-linear relationship between the mean squared displacement (MSD), ⟨ r 2 ( τ ) ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle r^{2}(\tau )\rangle } , and time. This behavior is in stark contrast to Brownian motion, the typical diffusion process described by Einstein and Smoluchowski, where... | Anomalous diffusion | 0.779354 |
94,004 | Of interest within the scientific community, when an anomalous-type diffusion process is discovered, the challenge is to understand the underlying mechanism which causes it. There are a number of frameworks which give rise to anomalous diffusion that are currently in vogue within the statistical physics community. Thes... | Anomalous diffusion | 0.779354 |
94,005 | Let K be a connected compact Lie group with maximal torus T and Weyl group W = NK(T)/T. Let their Lie algebras be k {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}} and t {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {t}}} . Let P be the orthogonal projection of k {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}} onto t {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {t}}} for some Ad-invariant... | Kostant's convexity theorem | 0.779354 |
94,006 | Let G be a compact Lie group and σ an involution with K a compact subgroup fixed by σ and containing the identity component of the fixed point subgroup of σ. Thus G/K is a symmetric space of compact type. Let g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} and k {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}} be their Lie algebras and let σ also de... | Kostant's convexity theorem | 0.779354 |
94,007 | Sakti3 has described methods for producing scalable solid-state batteries, using thin film deposition guided by numerical simulations and optimization and apparently used multiple deposition techniques.Sakti3 has been recognized with several technical awards, including MIT Technology Review's Top 50 Most Disruptive Com... | Sakti3 | 0.779353 |
94,008 | If A is a unital Jordan algebra, the Bergman operator is defined for a, b in A by B ( a , b ) = I − R ( a , b ) + Q ( a ) Q ( b ) . {\displaystyle \displaystyle {B(a,b)=I-R(a,b)+Q(a)Q(b).}} If a is invertible then B ( a , b ) = Q ( a ) Q ( a − 1 − b ) ; {\displaystyle \displaystyle {B(a,b)=Q(a)Q(a^{-1}-b);}} while if b... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,009 | Let A be a unital Jordan algebra over a field k of characteristic ≠ 2. For a in A define the Jordan multiplication operator on A by L ( a ) b = a b {\displaystyle \displaystyle {L(a)b=ab}} and the quadratic representation Q(a) by Q ( a ) = 2 L ( a ) 2 − L ( a 2 ) . {\displaystyle Q(a)=2L(a)^{2}-L(a^{2}).\,} It satisfie... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,010 | Morevoer L(b) commutes with Q(b) and hence its inverse Q(a). So it commutes with L(a) = Q(a)L(b). The algebra k is commutative and associative, so if b is an inverse there ab =1 and a2b = a. Conversely Q(a) leaves k invariant. So if it is bijective on A it is bijective there. Thus a−1 = Q(a)−1a lies in k. | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,011 | Let A be a unital Jordan algebra over a field k of characteristic ≠ 2. An element a in a unital Jordan algebra A is said to be invertible if there is an element b such that ab = 1 and a2b = a.Properties. If ab = 1 and a2b = a, then Q(a)b = 2a(ab) − (a2)b = a. The Jordan identity = 0 can be polarized by replacing x by ... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,012 | Let A be a finite-dimensional unital Jordan algebra over a field k of characteristic ≠ 2. Two pairs (ai,bi) with ai invertible are said to be equivalent if (a1)−1 − b1 + b2 is invertible and a2 = (a1)b1 − b2. This is an equivalence relation, since if a is invertible a0 = a so that a pair (a,b) is equivalent to itself. ... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,013 | Let A be a finite-dimensional unital Jordan algebra over a field k of characteristic ≠ 2. For a pair (a,b) with a and a−1 − b invertible define In this case the Bergman operator B(a,b) = Q(a)Q(a−1 − b) defines an invertible operator on A and In fact B ( a , b ) − 1 ( a − Q ( a ) b ) = Q ( a b ) Q ( a − 1 ) ( a − Q ( a ... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,014 | Given a Jordan frame (ei) in E, for every a in A there is a k in U = Γu(A) such that a=k(Σ αi ei) with αi ≥ 0 (and αi > 0 if a is invertible). In fact, if (a,b) is in X then it is equivalent to k(c,d) with c and d in the unital Jordan subalgebra Ae = ⊕ Cei, which is the complexification of Ee = ⊕ Rei. Let Z be the comp... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,015 | Loos (1977) uses the Bergman operators to construct an explicit biholomorphism between X and a closed smooth algebraic subvariety of complex projective space. This implies in particular that X is compact. There is a more direct proof of compactness using symmetry groups. | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,016 | Let A be a finite-dimensional complex unital Jordan algebra which is semisimple, i.e. the trace form Tr L(ab) is non-degenerate. Let X be the quotient of A×A by the equivalence relation. Let Xb be the subset of X of classes (a:b). The map φb:Xb → A, (a:b) ↦ a is injective. | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,017 | This group is normalized by the operators W of the structure group. The operator Tc acts on A as a ↦ a + c. If c is a scalar the operators Sc and Tc coincide with the operators corresponding to lower and upper unitriangular matrices in SL(2,C). Accordingly, there is a relation j = S1 ∘ T1 ∘ S1 and PSL(2,C) is a subgrou... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,018 | Let A be a finite-dimensional complex semisimple unital Jordan algebra. There is a transitive holomorphic action of a complex matrix group G on the compact complex manifold X. Koecher (1967) described G analogously to SL(2,C) in terms of generators and relations. G acts on the corresponding finite-dimensional Lie algeb... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.779352 |
94,019 | Rilpivirine is a DAPY compound like etravirine and was discovered when further optimization within this family of NNRTIs was conducted. The resistance profile and the genetic barrier to the development of resistance is comparable to etravirine in vitro. The advantage of rilpivirine over etravirine is a better bioavaila... | Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors | 0.77935 |
94,020 | A version of the lemma holds for right modules over non-commutative unital rings R. The resulting theorem is sometimes known as the Jacobson–Azumaya theorem.Let J(R) be the Jacobson radical of R. If U is a right module over a ring, R, and I is a right ideal in R, then define U·I to be the set of all (finite) sums of el... | Nakayama's lemma | 0.779349 |
94,021 | Nakayama's lemma also has several versions in homological algebra. The above statement about epimorphisms can be used to show: Let M {\displaystyle M} be a finitely generated module over a local ring. Then M {\displaystyle M} is projective if and only if it is free. This can be used to compute the Grothendieck group of... | Nakayama's lemma | 0.779349 |
94,022 | In this form, Nakayama's lemma takes on concrete geometrical significance. Local rings arise in geometry as the germs of functions at a point. Finitely generated modules over local rings arise quite often as germs of sections of vector bundles. Working at the level of germs rather than points, the notion of finite-dime... | Nakayama's lemma | 0.779349 |
94,023 | In the commutative case, the lemma is a simple consequence of a generalized form of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem, an observation made by Michael Atiyah (1969). The special case of the noncommutative version of the lemma for right ideals appears in Nathan Jacobson (1945), and so the noncommutative Nakayama lemma is somet... | Nakayama's lemma | 0.779349 |
94,024 | In mathematics, more specifically abstract algebra and commutative algebra, Nakayama's lemma — also known as the Krull–Azumaya theorem — governs the interaction between the Jacobson radical of a ring (typically a commutative ring) and its finitely generated modules. Informally, the lemma immediately gives a precise sen... | Nakayama's lemma | 0.779349 |
94,025 | The parallax itself is considered to be half of this maximum, about equivalent to the observational shift that would occur due to the different positions of Earth and the Sun, a baseline of one astronomical unit (AU). Stellar parallax is so difficult to detect that its existence was the subject of much debate in astron... | Parallax error | 0.779349 |
94,026 | Stellar parallax is the apparent shift of position (parallax) of any nearby star (or other object) against the background of distant stars. By extension, it is a method for determining the distance to the star through trigonometry, the stellar parallax method. Created by the different orbital positions of Earth, the ex... | Parallax error | 0.779349 |
94,027 | Precise parallax measurements of distance have an associated error. This error in the measured parallax angle does not translate directly into an error for the distance, except for relatively small errors. The reason for this is that an error toward a smaller angle results in a greater error in distance than an error t... | Parallax error | 0.779348 |
94,028 | In polyhedral combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, Balinski's theorem is a statement about the graph-theoretic structure of three-dimensional convex polyhedra and higher-dimensional convex polytopes. It states that, if one forms an undirected graph from the vertices and edges of a convex d-dimensional convex polyhed... | Balinski's theorem | 0.779348 |
94,029 | In organic chemistry, a sulfonanilide group is a functional group found in certain organosulfur compounds. It possesses the chemical structure R−S(=O)2−N(−C6H5)−R', and consists of a sulfonamide group (R−S(=O)2−NR'R") where one of the two nitrogen substituents (R' or R") is a phenyl group (C6H5). It can be viewed as a ... | Sulfonanilide | 0.779347 |
94,030 | A lightweight ontology is an ontology or knowledge organization system in which concepts are connected by rather general associations than strict formal connections. Examples of lightweight ontologies include associative network and multilingual classifications but the term is not used consistently. Following the appro... | Lightweight ontologies | 0.779346 |
94,031 | Sulfinylamines (formerly N-sulfinyl amines) are organosulfur compounds with the formula RNSO where R = an organic substituent. These compounds are, formally speaking, derivatives of HN=S=O, i.e. analogues of sulfur dioxide and of sulfur diimide. A common example is N-sulfinylaniline. Sulfinyl amines are dienophile. The... | Sulfinylamine | 0.779346 |
94,032 | The adjunction formula is false when the conormal exact sequence is not a short exact sequence. However, it is possible to use this failure to relate the singularities of X with the singularities of D. Theorems of this type are called inversion of adjunction. They are an important tool in modern birational geometry. | Adjunction formula | 0.779345 |
94,033 | By the Riemann–Roch theorem, this implies that the genus of C is g = d e ( d + e − 4 ) / 2 + 1. {\displaystyle g=de(d+e-4)/2+1.} More generally, if C is the complete intersection of n − 1 hypersurfaces D1, ..., Dn − 1 of degrees d1, ..., dn − 1 in Pn, then an inductive computation shows that the canonical class of C is... | Adjunction formula | 0.779345 |
94,034 | By the Riemann–Roch theorem, g − 1 = (d−3)d − g + 1, which implies the formula g = 1 2 ( d − 1 ) ( d − 2 ) . {\displaystyle g={\tfrac {1}{2}}(d{-}1)(d{-}2).} Similarly, if C is a smooth curve on the quadric surface P1×P1 with bidegree (d1,d2) (meaning d1,d2 are its intersection degrees with a fiber of each projection t... | Adjunction formula | 0.779345 |
94,035 | Let X be a smooth algebraic variety or smooth complex manifold and Y be a smooth subvariety of X. Denote the inclusion map Y → X by i and the ideal sheaf of Y in X by I {\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}} . The conormal exact sequence for i is 0 → I / I 2 → i ∗ Ω X → Ω Y → 0 , {\displaystyle 0\to {\mathcal {I}}/{\mathcal {I... | Adjunction formula | 0.779345 |
94,036 | However, as with the ILOVEYOU worm, and with the increased growth and efficiency of phishing attacks, it remains possible to trick the end-user into running malicious code. Anti-virus and anti-spyware software are helpful, but must be kept up-to-date with new pattern files at least every few days. The use of a firewall... | Internet worm | 0.779344 |
94,037 | Another example of this approach is Roku OS patching a bug allowing for Roku OS to be rooted via an update to their screensaver channels, which the screensaver would attempt to connect to the telnet and patch the device.One study proposed the first computer worm that operates on the second layer of the OSI model (Data ... | Internet worm | 0.779344 |
94,038 | Consider g l n ( R ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {gl}}_{n}(\mathbb {R} )} with the Cartan involution θ ( X ) = − X T {\displaystyle \theta (X)=-X^{T}} . Then k = s o n ( R ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}={\mathfrak {so}}_{n}(\mathbb {R} )} is the real Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, so that K = S O ( n ) {\displ... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,039 | This is the Cartan involution on g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} if and only if g 0 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{0}} is the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group. The following maps are involutions of the Lie algebra s u ( n ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {su}}(n)} of the special unitary group SU(n): The identity involu... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,040 | A Cartan involution on s l n ( R ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sl}}_{n}(\mathbb {R} )} is defined by θ ( X ) = − X T {\displaystyle \theta (X)=-X^{T}} , where X T {\displaystyle X^{T}} denotes the transpose matrix of X {\displaystyle X} . The identity map on g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is an involution. It is the ... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,041 | This notion of a Cartan pair here is not to be confused with the distinct notion involving the relative Lie algebra cohomology H ∗ ( g , k ) {\displaystyle H^{*}({\mathfrak {g}},{\mathfrak {k}})} . The decomposition g = k ⊕ p {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {k}}\oplus {\mathfrak {p}}} associated to a Cartan i... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,042 | Let θ {\displaystyle \theta } be an involution on a Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} . Since θ 2 = 1 {\displaystyle \theta ^{2}=1} , the linear map θ {\displaystyle \theta } has the two eigenvalues ± 1 {\displaystyle \pm 1} . If k {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}} and p {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {p}}} denote... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,043 | Let g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} be a real semisimple Lie algebra and let B ( ⋅ , ⋅ ) {\displaystyle B(\cdot ,\cdot )} be its Killing form. An involution on g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is a Lie algebra automorphism θ {\displaystyle \theta } of g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} whose square is equal to the id... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,044 | It follows that ⊆ k {\displaystyle \subseteq {\mathfrak {k}}} , ⊆ p {\displaystyle \subseteq {\mathfrak {p}}} , and ⊆ k {\displaystyle \subseteq {\mathfrak {k}}} .Thus k {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}} is a Lie subalgebra, while any subalgebra of p {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {p}}} is commutative. Conversely, a decomp... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,045 | In mathematics, the Cartan decomposition is a decomposition of a semisimple Lie group or Lie algebra, which plays an important role in their structure theory and representation theory. It generalizes the polar decomposition or singular value decomposition of matrices. Its history can be traced to the 1880s work of Élie... | Cartan involution | 0.779343 |
94,046 | In mathematics, Nikiel's conjecture in general topology was a conjectural characterization of the continuous image of a compact total order. The conjecture was first formulated by Jacek Nikiel in 1986. The conjecture was proven by Mary Ellen Rudin in 1999.The conjecture states that a compact topological space is the co... | Nikiel's conjecture | 0.779342 |
94,047 | In the context of algebraic geometry and a morphism f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} of quasi-compact and quasi-separated schemes, one likewise has the right derived functor R f ∗: D q c o h ( X ) → D q c o h ( Y ) {\displaystyle Rf_{*}:D_{qcoh}(X)\to D_{qcoh}(Y)} as a functor between the (unbounded) derived categorie... | Direct image of a sheaf | 0.779342 |
94,048 | In most cases, we want to find out the relationships between social data and another event or we want to get interesting results from social data analyses to predict some events. There are some outstanding articles in this field, including Twitter Mood Predicts The Stock Market, Predicting The Present With Google Trend... | Social Data Analysis | 0.779341 |
94,049 | Methods of data transmission between neural prosthetics and external systems must be robust and secure. Wireless neural implants can have the same cybersecurity vulnerabilities as any other IT system, giving rise to the term neurosecurity. A neurosecurity breach can be considered a violation of medical privacy. | Neuroprosthetics | 0.779339 |
94,050 | Pattern recognition in the brain is more effective than algorithmic preprocessing at identifying important features in speech. A combination of engineering, signal processing, biophysics, and cognitive neuroscience was necessary to produce the right balance of technology to maximize the performance of auditory prosthes... | Neuroprosthetics | 0.779339 |
94,051 | Power consumption drives battery size. Optimization of the implanted circuits reduces power needs. Implanted devices currently need on-board power sources. | Neuroprosthetics | 0.779339 |
94,052 | Neuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses. They are sometimes contrasted with a brain–computer interface, which connects the brain to a computer rather than a device meant to replace missing biological... | Neuroprosthetics | 0.779339 |
94,053 | The SOM toolbox contains a MATLAB implementation. A MATLAB implementation is also available via the MATLAB Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, using the "evalclusters" command.A Java implementation is found in ELKI, and can be compared to many other clustering quality indexes. | Davies–Bouldin index | 0.779338 |
94,054 | Non-axisymmetric shapes have been used for crewed entry vehicles. One example is the winged orbit vehicle that uses a delta wing for maneuvering during descent much like a conventional glider. This approach has been used by the American Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran. The lifting body is another entry vehicle geome... | Phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator | 0.779334 |
94,055 | A lunar swing-by can have important benefits for trajectories leaving from or arriving at Earth. This can reduce trip times, especially in cases where the sail is heavily loaded. A swing-by can also be used to obtain favorable departure or arrival directions relative to Earth. A planetary swing-by could also be employe... | Laser sail | 0.779334 |
94,056 | In molecular biology, the EAL domain is a conserved protein domain. It is found in diverse bacterial signalling proteins. It is named EAL after its conserved residues. | EAL domain | 0.779332 |
94,057 | Kleptopharmacophagy is a term used for describing the ecological relationship between two different organisms, where the first is stealing the second's chemical compounds and consuming them. This scientific term was proposed by Australian, Singaporean, and American biologists in September 2021 in an article that was pu... | Kleptopharmacophagy | 0.779329 |
94,058 | The Pseudomon-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA identified by bioinformatics. It is used by most species whose genomes have been sequenced and that are classified within the genus Pseudomonas, and is also present in Azotobacter vinelandii, a closely related species. It is presumed to function as a non-coding RNA. Pseudomo... | Pseudomon-1 RNA motif | 0.779327 |
94,059 | Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move betwee... | Haplogroup D-M174 | 0.779326 |
94,060 | Two of the most investigated are C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While multiple published studies have drawn relationships between these SNPs and a wide variety of diseases, the American College of Medical Genetics has issued an official Practice Guideline recommending a... | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | 0.779324 |
94,061 | 677TT individuals are at a decreased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and colon cancer.Mutations in the MTHFR gene could be one of the factors leading to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients having the risk allele (T\T) show more deficiencies in executive function tasks.The C677T geno... | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | 0.779324 |
94,062 | By a linear fractional transformation of the variable, one may use Descartes' rule of signs for getting a similar information on the number of roots in any interval. This is the basic idea of Budan's theorem and Budan–Fourier theorem. By repeating the division of an interval into two intervals, one gets eventually a li... | Descartes' rule of signs | 0.779324 |
94,063 | If the real polynomial P has k real positive roots counted with multiplicity, then for every a > 0 there are at least k changes of sign in the sequence of coefficients of the Taylor series of the function eaxP(x). For sufficiently large a, there are exactly k such changes of sign.In the 1970s Askold Khovanskii develope... | Descartes' rule of signs | 0.779324 |
94,064 | The estimated regression coefficients (having the same dimension as the number of selected eigenvectors) along with the corresponding selected eigenvectors are then used for predicting the outcome for a future observation. In machine learning, this technique is also known as spectral regression. | Principal component regression | 0.779324 |
94,065 | In statistics, principal component regression (PCR) is a regression analysis technique that is based on principal component analysis (PCA). More specifically, PCR is used for estimating the unknown regression coefficients in a standard linear regression model. In PCR, instead of regressing the dependent variable on the... | Principal component regression | 0.779324 |
94,066 | Soft X-ray transients (SXTs), also known as X-ray novae and black hole X-ray transients, are composed of a compact object (most commonly a black hole but sometimes a neutron star) and some type of "normal", low-mass star (i.e. a star with a mass of some fraction of the Sun's mass). These objects show dramatic changes i... | Soft X-ray transient | 0.779323 |
94,067 | In nature, iron, copper, lead, nickel, and other metals are found in impure states called ores, often oxidized and mixed in with silicates of other metals. During smelting, when the ore is exposed to high temperatures, these impurities are separated from the molten metal and can be removed. Slag is the collection of co... | Basic slag | 0.779322 |
94,068 | A particle detector is used to detect a passing particle and obtain information such as its position, arrival time and momentum. In experimental physics, the particle is usually coming from a particle accelerator but it can also come from space (cosmic ray), from a nuclear reactor or a radioactive isotope. The Micromeg... | MicroMegas detector | 0.779321 |
94,069 | The Micromegas detectors are now used in several experiments: Hadronic physics: COMPASS, NA48, and projects for the ILC-TPC and CLAS12 at J-lab are under active study Particle physics: T2K, CAST, HELAZZ Neutron physics: nTOF, ESS nBLMMicromegas detector will be used in the ATLAS experiment, as part of their upgrade of ... | MicroMegas detector | 0.779321 |
94,070 | From their small amplification gap, they have fast signals in the order of 100 nanoseconds. They are a type of micropattern gaseous detector with a spatial resolution below one hundred micrometers. Nowadays, the use of the Micromegas technology is growing throughout the different fields of experimental physics. | MicroMegas detector | 0.779321 |
94,071 | The MicroMegas detector (Micro-Mesh Gaseous Structure) is a gaseous particle detector coming from the development of the wire chamber. Invented in 1992 by Georges Charpak and Ioannis Giomataris, the Micromegas detectors are mainly used in experimental physics, in particular in particle physics, nuclear physics and astr... | MicroMegas detector | 0.779321 |
94,072 | In 1991, to improve the detection of hadrons at the Hadron Blind Detector experiment, I. Giomataris and G. Charpak reduced the amplification gap of a parallel plate detector (a type of spark chamber) in order to speed up the signal. A 1 mm amplification gap prototype was built for the HDB experiment but the gain was no... | MicroMegas detector | 0.779321 |
94,073 | Representative hypergraph learning techniques include hypergraph spectral clustering that extends the spectral graph theory with hypergraph Laplacian, and hypergraph semi-supervised learning that introduces extra hypergraph structural cost to restrict the learning results. For large scale hypergraphs, a distributed fra... | Host graph | 0.77932 |
94,074 | Undirected hypergraphs are useful in modelling such things as satisfiability problems, databases, machine learning, and Steiner tree problems. They have been extensively used in machine learning tasks as the data model and classifier regularization (mathematics). The applications include recommender system (communities... | Host graph | 0.77932 |
94,075 | Many theorems and concepts involving graphs also hold for hypergraphs, in particular: Matching in hypergraphs; Vertex cover in hypergraphs (also known as: transversal); Line graph of a hypergraph; Hypergraph grammar - created by augmenting a class of hypergraphs with a set of replacement rules; Ramsey's theorem; Erdős–... | Host graph | 0.77932 |
94,076 | The international RoboCup Junior football competition involves extensive use of Lego Mindstorms equipment which is often pushed to its extreme limits.The capabilities of the Mindstorms range have now been harnessed for use in Iko Creative Prosthetic System, a prosthetic limbs system designed for children. Designs for t... | Lego bricks | 0.779319 |
94,077 | The earliest is Botball, a national U.S. middle- and high-school competition stemming from the MIT 6.270 Lego robotics tournament. Other Lego robotics competitions include FIRST LEGO League Discover for children ages 4–6, FIRST LEGO League Explore for students ages 6–9 and FIRST Lego League Challenge for students ages ... | Lego bricks | 0.779319 |
94,078 | Lego also initiated a robotics line of toys called 'Mindstorms' in 1999, and has continued to expand and update this range ever since. The roots of the product originate from a programmable brick developed at the MIT Media Lab, and the name is taken from a paper by Seymour Papert, a computer scientist and educator who ... | Lego bricks | 0.779319 |
94,079 | Omron Adept Technology, Inc. is a multinational corporation with headquarters in Pleasanton, California (San Francisco Bay Area). The company focus on industrial automation and robotics, including software and vision guidance. Adept has offices throughout the United States as well as in Dortmund, Germany, Paris, France... | Omron Adept | 0.779318 |
94,080 | The Dirichlet-multinomial distribution is used in automated document classification and clustering, genetics, economy, combat modeling, and quantitative marketing. | Multivariate Pólya distribution | 0.779314 |
94,081 | Because of the geometry involved, the person being picked up experienced less of a shock than during a parachute opening. After the initial contact, which was described by one individual as similar to "a kick in the pants", the person rose vertically at a slow rate to about 100 ft (30 m), then began to streamline behin... | Fulton surface-to-air recovery system | 0.779313 |
94,082 | The term is used in other areas of biology to refer more broadly to non-protein (or even protein) molecules that either activate, inhibit, or are required for the protein to function. For example, ligands such as hormones that bind to and activate receptor proteins are termed cofactors or coactivators, whereas molecule... | Redox cofactor | 0.779308 |
94,083 | A 1980 letter in Trends in Biochemistry Sciences noted the confusion in the literature and the essentially arbitrary distinction made between prosthetic groups and coenzymes group and proposed the following scheme. Here, cofactors were defined as an additional substance apart from protein and substrate that is required... | Redox cofactor | 0.779308 |
94,084 | Metabolism involves a vast array of chemical reactions, but most fall under a few basic types of reactions that involve the transfer of functional groups. This common chemistry allows cells to use a small set of metabolic intermediates to carry chemical groups between different reactions. These group-transfer intermedi... | Redox cofactor | 0.779308 |
94,085 | Brief historical statistics of the department: Established in 1973 More than 2000 graduated M.Sc.´s More than 150 graduated Ph.D.´s Around 120 M.Sc.´s graduate every year Around 10 Ph.D.´s graduate every year Currently around 120 full-time teachers, researchers and staff Around 450 students enrolled at B.Sc. and M.Sc. ... | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.779307 |
94,086 | Until 2000, the department was part of the Applied Earth Sciences faculty, together with the Geology-department. After that, the department is part of the Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology (one of a total of 10 departments). | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.779307 |
94,087 | The department has elected chairman and vice chairman, and 4 informal groups of professors; geophysics, drilling, production and reservoir engineering. The stated primary purpose of maintaining the informal groups is to take care of the teaching in their respective disciplines. Each group is responsible for offering a ... | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.779307 |
94,088 | In 2017 the department was merged with the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, forming the new Department of Geoscience and Petroleum. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is the key university of science and technology in Norway. The Department of Petroleum Engineering and App... | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.779307 |
94,089 | The department focus research within the following 5 areas: Petroleum geophysics, Reservoir engineering, Production engineering, Subsea engineering, Drilling engineering and Integrated operations. Petroleum Geophysics: Marine seismic sources Seismic tomography and imaging Inversion for elastic parameters (AVA) and rese... | Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU | 0.779307 |
94,090 | The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem is a result on the combinatorics of block designs that implies nonexistence of certain kinds of design. It states that if a (v, b, r, k, λ)-design exists with v = b (a symmetric block design), then: if v is even, then k − λ is a square; if v is odd, then the following Diophantine equation... | Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem | 0.779306 |
94,091 | The existence of a symmetric (v, b, r, k, λ)-design is equivalent to the existence of a v × v incidence matrix R with elements 0 and 1 satisfying R RT = (k − λ)I + λJwhere I is the v × v identity matrix and J is the v × v all-1 matrix. In essence, the Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem is a statement of the necessary condition... | Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem | 0.779306 |
94,092 | The theorem, for example, rules out the existence of projective planes of orders 6 and 14 but allows the existence of planes of orders 10 and 12. Since a projective plane of order 10 has been shown not to exist using a combination of coding theory and large-scale computer search, the condition of the theorem is evident... | Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem | 0.779306 |
94,093 | In the special case of a symmetric design with λ = 1, that is, a projective plane, the theorem (which in this case is referred to as the Bruck–Ryser theorem) can be stated as follows: If a finite projective plane of order q exists and q is congruent to 1 or 2 (mod 4), then q must be the sum of two squares. Note that fo... | Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem | 0.779306 |
94,094 | Most studies of the biological effects of ginsenosides have been in cell culture or animal models and thus their relevance to human biology is unknown. Effects on the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and immune system have been reported, primarily in rodents. Antiproliferative effects have also been descri... | Ginsenoside | 0.779306 |
94,095 | Notice that in using this continuum approximation, also known as Thomas−Fermi approximation, the ability to characterize the low-energy states is lost, including the ground state where ni = 1. For most cases this will not be a problem, but when considering Bose–Einstein condensation, in which a large portion of the gas... | Gas in a box | 0.779306 |
94,096 | In quantum mechanics, the results of the quantum particle in a box can be used to look at the equilibrium situation for a quantum ideal gas in a box which is a box containing a large number of molecules which do not interact with each other except for instantaneous thermalizing collisions. This simple model can be used... | Gas in a box | 0.779306 |
94,097 | This type of situation is sometimes referred to as implicit collusion. Morton's theorem contrasts with the fundamental theorem of poker, which states that a player wants their opponents to make decisions which minimize their own expectation. The two theorems differ in the presence of more than one opponent: whereas the... | Morton's theorem | 0.779305 |
94,098 | Morton's theorem is a poker principle articulated by Andy Morton in a Usenet poker newsgroup. It states that in multi-way pots, a player's expectation may be maximized by an opponent making a correct decision. The most common application of Morton's theorem occurs when one player holds the best hand, but there are two ... | Morton's theorem | 0.779305 |
94,099 | This depends on the number of cards among the remaining 42 that will give him the best hand, and the current size of the pot. (Here, as in arguments involving the fundamental theorem, we assume that each player has complete information of their opponents' cards.) E = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {E} \left=0} E ... | Morton's theorem | 0.779305 |
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