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93,800 | Ogawa, Shigeyoshi (2017). Noncausal Stochastic Calculus. Tokyo: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-56576-5. ISBN 978-4-431-56574-1. == References == | Ogawa integral | 0.779451 |
93,801 | The convergence of the series depends not only on the orthonormal basis but also on the ordering of that basis. There exist various equivalent definitions for the Ogawa integral which can be found in (: 239–241 ). One way makes use of the Itô–Nisio theorem. | Ogawa integral | 0.779451 |
93,802 | Let ( Ω , F , P ) {\displaystyle (\Omega ,{\mathcal {F}},P)} be a probability space, W = ( W t ) t ∈ {\displaystyle W=(W_{t})_{t\in }} be a one-dimensional standard Wiener process with T ∈ R + {\displaystyle T\in \mathbb {R} _{+}} , F t W = σ ( W s ; 0 ≤ s ≤ t ) ⊂ F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{t}^{W}=\sigma (W_{s};... | Ogawa integral | 0.779451 |
93,803 | In stochastic calculus, the Ogawa integral (also named non-causal stochastic integral) is a stochastic integral for non-adapted processes as integrands. The corresponding calculus is called non-causal calculus in order to distinguish it from the anticipating calculus of the Skorokhod integral. The term causality refers... | Ogawa integral | 0.779451 |
93,804 | Hero of Alexandria later showed that this path gave the shortest length and the least time. Fermat refined and generalized this to "light travels between two given points along the path of shortest time" now known as the principle of least time. For this, Fermat is recognized as a key figure in the historical developme... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,805 | In it, he was asked by a professional gambler why if he bet on rolling at least one six in four throws of a die he won in the long term, whereas betting on throwing at least one double-six in 24 throws of two dice resulted in his losing. Fermat showed mathematically why this was the case.The first variational principle... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,806 | It was first proven in 1994, by Sir Andrew Wiles, using techniques unavailable to Fermat.Through their correspondence in 1654, Fermat and Blaise Pascal helped lay the foundation for the theory of probability. From this brief but productive collaboration on the problem of points, they are now regarded as joint founders ... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,807 | Many mathematicians, including Gauss, doubted several of his claims, especially given the difficulty of some of the problems and the limited mathematical methods available to Fermat. His famous Last Theorem was first discovered by his son in the margin in his father's copy of an edition of Diophantus, and included the ... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,808 | He invented a factorization method—Fermat's factorization method—and popularized the proof by infinite descent, which he used to prove Fermat's right triangle theorem which includes as a corollary Fermat's Last Theorem for the case n = 4. Fermat developed the two-square theorem, and the polygonal number theorem, which ... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,809 | With his method, he was able to reduce this evaluation to the sum of geometric series. The resulting formula was helpful to Newton, and then Leibniz, when they independently developed the fundamental theorem of calculus.In number theory, Fermat studied Pell's equation, perfect numbers, amicable numbers and what would l... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,810 | Fermat's pioneering work in analytic geometry (Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam et de tangentibus linearum curvarum) was circulated in manuscript form in 1636 (based on results achieved in 1629), predating the publication of Descartes' famous La géométrie (1637), which exploited the work. This manuscript was... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,811 | Fermat was a trained lawyer making mathematics more of a hobby than a profession. Nevertheless, he made important contributions to analytical geometry, probability, number theory and calculus. Secrecy was common in European mathematical circles at the time. This naturally led to priority disputes with contemporaries su... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,812 | The Fermats had eight children, five of whom survived to adulthood: Clément-Samuel, Jean, Claire, Catherine, and Louise.Fluent in six languages (French, Latin, Occitan, classical Greek, Italian and Spanish), Fermat was praised for his written verse in several languages and his advice was eagerly sought regarding the em... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,813 | Weil, André (1984). Number Theory: An approach through history From Hammurapi to Legendre. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-3141-3. | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,814 | It naturally falls into two parts; the first one ... may conveniently be termed a method of ascent, in contrast with the descent which is rightly regarded as Fermat's own." Regarding Fermat's use of ascent, Weil continued: "The novelty consisted in the vastly extended use which Fermat made of it, giving him at least a ... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,815 | But Fermat's crowning achievement was in the theory of numbers. "Regarding Fermat's work in analysis, Isaac Newton wrote that his own early ideas about calculus came directly from "Fermat's way of drawing tangents. "Of Fermat's number theoretic work, the 20th-century mathematician André Weil wrote that: "what we posses... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,816 | Together with René Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century. According to Peter L. Bernstein, in his 1996 book Against the Gods, Fermat "was a mathematician of rare power. He was an independent inventor of analytic geometry, he contributed to the early developmen... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,817 | Pierre de Fermat (French: ; between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the gr... | Pierre de Fermat | 0.779449 |
93,818 | 1.0kWh/m3 for seawater pumping and other factors not accounted for. It is multiplied with the efficiency of primary energy use. Together 9-14 kWh/m3. The term of primary energy should be combined with energy quality for realistic understanding. Energy quality in context of desalination shows a new picture for the overa... | IBTS Greenhouse | 0.779443 |
93,819 | Another point of relevance is the creation of a bio-diverse landscape and many jobs instead of smoking chimneys and factories along the valuable waterfront. Particular relevance also lies in the applicability inland, also that would exclude the high Desalination capacity. The building has its roots in construction engi... | IBTS Greenhouse | 0.779443 |
93,820 | PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (e.g., technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF is a lower-level language, while TikZ is a set of higher-le... | Portable Graphics Format | 0.779442 |
93,821 | Prometheus: An agent-centric software engineering methodology for managing the SDLC of a multi-agent-based system. JACK was used as the basis for investigation, comparison, and testing the methodology. The Prometheus involved the development of the Prometheus Design Tool (PDT) which was a GUI-based tool for managing de... | JACK Intelligent Agents | 0.779442 |
93,822 | JACK Intelligent Agents was initially developed in 1997 by ex-members of the Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AAII or A2I2) who were involved in the design, implementation, and application of PRS at SRI International and/or dMARS at the AAII. The JACK platform was written for commercial application of the ... | JACK Intelligent Agents | 0.779442 |
93,823 | In the context of cybersecurity, new threats are emerging that target these smart systems. The timeline of cyber-kinetic attacks attests incidents from as early as 1982. Such attacks on information systems that can have physical world impacts are a complete shift in paradigms within the cyber security community, though... | Cyber-kinetic attack | 0.779441 |
93,824 | If we consider Spec {\displaystyle {\text{Spec}}} of the underlying algebra R {\displaystyle R} for a projective variety X {\displaystyle X} , called the affine cone of X {\displaystyle X} , then the point at the origin is always singular. For example, consider the affine cone of a quintic 3 {\displaystyle 3} -fold giv... | Formally smooth morphism | 0.779441 |
93,825 | One can define smoothness without reference to geometry. We say that an S-scheme X is formally smooth if for any affine S-scheme T and a subscheme T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} of T given by a nilpotent ideal, X ( T ) → X ( T 0 ) {\displaystyle X(T)\to X(T_{0})} is surjective where we wrote X ( T ) = Hom S ( T , X ) {\di... | Formally smooth morphism | 0.779441 |
93,826 | Smooth morphisms are supposed to geometrically correspond to smooth submersions in differential geometry; that is, they are smooth locally trivial fibrations over some base space (by Ehresmann's theorem). | Formally smooth morphism | 0.779441 |
93,827 | The Lattice Boltzmann methods for solids (LBMS) are a set of methods for solving partial differential equations (PDE) in solid mechanics. The methods use a discretization of the Boltzmann equation(BM), and their use is known as the lattice Boltzmann methods for solids. LBMS methods are categorized by their reliance on:... | Lattice Boltzmann methods for solids | 0.77944 |
93,828 | Neutrino detectors can be aimed at astrophysics observations, since many astrophysical events are believed to emit neutrinos. Underwater neutrino telescopes: DUMAND Project (1976–1995; cancelled) Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (1993 on) ANTARES (2006 on) KM3NeT (future telescope; under construction since 201... | Neutrino detector | 0.77944 |
93,829 | Secondly, these environments are transparent and dark, vital criteria in order to detect the faint Cherenkov light. In practice, because of Potassium 40 decay, even the abyss is not completely dark, so this decay must be used as a baseline. Located at a depth of about 2.5 km in the Mediterranean Sea, the ANTARES telesc... | Neutrino detector | 0.77944 |
93,830 | The TASF reagent or tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate is a reagent in organic chemistry with structural formula +−. It is an anhydrous source of fluoride and is used to cleave silyl ether protective groups. Many other fluoride reagents are known, but few are truly anhydrous, because of the extraord... | TASF reagent | 0.779438 |
93,831 | In mathematics, the Zakharov–Schulman system is a system of nonlinear partial differential equations introduced in Zakharov & Schulman (1980) to describe the interactions of small amplitude, high frequency waves with acoustic waves. The equations are i ∂ t u + L 1 u = ϕ u {\displaystyle i\partial _{t}^{}u+L_{1}u=\phi u... | Zakharov–Schulman system | 0.77943 |
93,832 | The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding st... | Wolff–Kishner reduction | 0.779429 |
93,833 | Neuroscientists have learned much about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders. Similarly, neuroscientists have come to learn much about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders. Even though music is most often viewed from a "historical perspective ra... | Music-specific disorders | 0.779427 |
93,834 | A basic or tensorial form on P of type ρ is a V-valued form ω on P which is equivariant and horizontal in the sense that ( R g ) ∗ ω = ρ ( g − 1 ) ω {\displaystyle (R_{g})^{*}\omega =\rho (g^{-1})\omega \,} for all g ∈ G, and ω ( v 1 , … , v p ) = 0 {\displaystyle \omega (v_{1},\ldots ,v_{p})=0} whenever at least one o... | Vector-valued differential form | 0.779426 |
93,835 | In mathematics, a vector-valued differential form on a manifold M is a differential form on M with values in a vector space V. More generally, it is a differential form with values in some vector bundle E over M. Ordinary differential forms can be viewed as R-valued differential forms. An important case of vector-value... | Vector-valued differential form | 0.779426 |
93,836 | In mathematical analysis, in particular the subfields of convex analysis and optimization, a proper convex function is an extended real-valued convex function with a non-empty domain, that never takes on the value − ∞ {\displaystyle -\infty } and also is not identically equal to + ∞ . {\displaystyle +\infty .} In conve... | Proper convex function | 0.779423 |
93,837 | Daya Bay Collaboration measured the anti-neutrino energy spectrum, and found that anti-neutrinos at an energy of around 5 MeV are in excess relative to theoretical expectations. This unexpected disagreement between observation and predictions suggested that the Standard model of particle physics needs improvement. | Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment | 0.779421 |
93,838 | The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is a China-based multinational particle physics project studying neutrinos, in particular neutrino oscillations. The multinational collaboration includes researchers from China, Chile, the United States, Taiwan (Republic of China), Russia, and the Czech Republic. The US side of ... | Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment | 0.779421 |
93,839 | All MMA-based TWA studies have predicted outcomes. A head-to-head comparison of the Spectral and MMA methods revealed similar hazard ratios, kappa statistics, and areas under the receiver-operator characteristic curve. | T wave alternans | 0.779419 |
93,840 | The very high-energy neutrinos are still to be seen, but this branch of neutrino astronomy is just in its infancy. The main existing or forthcoming experiments that aim at observing very-high-energy neutrinos from our galaxy are Baikal, AMANDA, IceCube, ANTARES, NEMO and Nestor. Related information is provided by very-... | Neutrino | 0.779418 |
93,841 | International scientific collaborations install large neutrino detectors near nuclear reactors or in neutrino beams from particle accelerators to better constrain the neutrino masses and the values for the magnitude and rates of oscillations between neutrino flavors. These experiments are thereby searching for the exis... | Neutrino | 0.779418 |
93,842 | There are several active research areas involving the neutrino with aspirations of finding: the three neutrino mass values the degree of CP violation in the leptonic sector (which may lead to leptogenesis) evidence of physics which might break the Standard Model of particle physics, such as neutrinoless double beta dec... | Neutrino | 0.779418 |
93,843 | The Human Behavior and Evolution Society (HBES) is an interdisciplinary, international society of researchers, primarily from the social and biological sciences, who use modern evolutionary theory to help to discover human nature — including evolved emotional, cognitive and sexual adaptations. It was founded on October... | Human Behavior and Evolution Society | 0.779417 |
93,844 | In molecular biology, the LIM domain-binding protein family is a family of proteins which binds to the LIM domain of LIM (LIN-11, Isl-1 and MEC-3) homeodomain proteins which are transcriptional regulators of development. | LIM domain-binding protein family | 0.779417 |
93,845 | The Human Behavior and Evolution Society, or HBES, is an interdisciplinary, international society of researchers, primarily from the social and biological sciences, who use modern evolutionary theory to help to discover human nature — including evolved emotional, cognitive and sexual adaptations. It was founded on Octo... | Human Behavior and Evolution Society | 0.779417 |
93,846 | Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM) is an algorithm that models working memory in the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia.It can be compared to long short-term memory (LSTM) in functionality, but is more biologically explainable.It uses the primary value learned value model to train prefrontal cor... | Prefrontal Cortex Basal Ganglia Working Memory | 0.779416 |
93,847 | Analytical regularization proceeds as follows. First, the boundary value problem is formulated as an integral equation. Written as an operator equation, this will take the form G X = Y {\displaystyle GX=Y} with Y {\displaystyle Y} representing boundary conditions and inhomogeneities, X {\displaystyle X} representing th... | Analytical regularization | 0.779415 |
93,848 | In physics and applied mathematics, analytical regularization is a technique used to convert boundary value problems which can be written as Fredholm integral equations of the first kind involving singular operators into equivalent Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The latter may be easier to solve analyt... | Analytical regularization | 0.779415 |
93,849 | In theoretical physics, massive representations of an extended supersymmetry algebra called BPS states have mass equal to the supersymmetry central charge Z. Quantum mechanically, if the supersymmetry remains unbroken, exact equality to the modulus of Z exists. Their importance arises as the supermultiplets shorten for... | Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield state | 0.779414 |
93,850 | In order to carry out a specific function, these lipid vesicles contain cell extracts or more specific sets of biological macromolecules and complex structures, such as enzymes, nucleic acids, or ribosomes. For instance, liposomes may carry out particular polymerase chain reactions or synthesise a particular protein.Pr... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,851 | 1910: First identifiable use of the term synthetic biology in Stéphane Leduc's publication Théorie physico-chimique de la vie et générations spontanées. He also noted this term in another publication, La Biologie Synthétique in 1912.1944: Canadian-American scientist Oswald Avery shows that DNA is the material of which ... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,852 | Synthetic biology initiatives frequently aim to redesign organisms so that they can create a material, such as a drug or fuel, or acquire a new function, such as the ability to sense something in the environment. Examples of what researchers are creating using synthetic biology include: Utilizing microorganisms for bio... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,853 | Bioengineers adapted synthetic biology to provide a substantially more integrated perspective on how to alter organisms or metabolic systems.A typical example of single-gene genetic engineering is the insertion of the human insulin gene into bacteria to create transgenic proteins. The creation of whole new signalling p... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,854 | The subfield of bioengineering concentrates on creating novel metabolic and regulatory pathways, and is currently the one that likely draws the attention of most researchers and funding. It is primarily motivated by the desire to establish biotechnology as a legitimate engineering discipline. When referring to this are... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,855 | The in vitro generation of synthetic cells is the protocell branch of synthetic biology. Lipid vesicles, which have all the necessary components to function as a complete system, can be used to create these artificial cells. In the end, these synthetic cells should meet the requirements for being deemed alive, namely t... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,856 | Several ways allow constructing synthetic DNA components and even entire synthetic genomes, but once the desired genetic code is obtained, it is integrated into a living cell that is expected to manifest the desired new capabilities or phenotypes while growing and thriving. Cell transformation is used to create biologi... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,857 | Cells use interacting genes and proteins, which are called gene circuits, to implement diverse function, such as responding to environmental signals, decision making and communication. Three key components are involved: DNA, RNA and Synthetic biologist designed gene circuits that can control gene expression from severa... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,858 | Bioengineering, synthetic genomics, protocell synthetic biology, unconventional molecular biology, and in silico techniques are the five categories of synthetic biology.It is necessary to review the distinctions and analogies between the categories of synthetic biology for its social and ethical assessment, to distingu... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,859 | Subsequently, researchers utilized this paradigm to demonstrate a proof-of-concept therapy that uses biological digital computation to detect and kill human cancer cells in 2011. In 2016, another group of researchers demonstrated that principles of computer engineering can be used to automate digital circuit design in ... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,860 | A biological computer refers to an engineered biological system that can perform computer-like operations, which is a dominant paradigm in synthetic biology. Researchers built and characterized a variety of logic gates in a number of organisms, and demonstrated both analog and digital computation in living cells. They ... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,861 | These parts will become central to the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition founded at MIT in the following year. 2003: Researchers engineer an artemisinin precursor pathway in E. coli.2004: First international conference for synthetic biology, Synthetic Biology 1.0 (SB1.0) is held at MIT. 20... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,862 | by Cohen, Boyer et al. constituting the dawn of synthetic biology.1978: Arber, Nathans and Smith win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes, leading Szybalski to offer an editorial comment in the journal Gene: The work on restriction nucleases not only permits us easily to co... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,863 | Amy Gutmann, former head of the Presidential Bioethics Commission, argued that we should avoid the temptation to over-regulate synthetic biology in general, and genetic engineering in particular. According to Gutmann, "Regulatory parsimony is especially important in emerging technologies...where the temptation to stifl... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,864 | What about parts of organisms, like HIV resistance genes in humans? What if a new creation is deserving of moral or legal status?The ethical aspects of synthetic biology has three main features: biosafety, biosecurity, and the creation of new life forms. Other ethical issues mentioned include the regulation of new crea... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,865 | Who will have control of and access to the products of synthetic biology? Who will gain from these innovations? Investors? | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,866 | The creation of new life and the tampering of existing life has raised ethical concerns in the field of synthetic biology and are actively being discussed.Common ethical questions include: Is it morally right to tamper with nature? Is one playing God when creating new life? What happens if a synthetic organism accident... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,867 | Scientists can encode digital information onto a single strand of synthetic DNA. In 2012, George M. Church encoded one of his books about synthetic biology in DNA. The 5.3 Mb of data was more than 1000 times greater than the previous largest amount of information to be stored in synthesized DNA. A similar project encod... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,868 | Parallel engineering is also known as bioengineering. The basic genetic code is the foundation for parallel engineering research, which uses conventional biomolecules like nucleic acids and the 20 amino acids to construct biological systems. For a variety of applications in biocomputing, bioenergy, biofuels, bioremedia... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,869 | These synthesized enzymes aim to improve products such as detergents and lactose-free dairy products, as well as make them more cost effective. The improvements of metabolic engineering by synthetic biology is an example of a biotechnological technique utilized in industry to discover pharmaceuticals and fermentive che... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,870 | Limited protein sequence libraries are made by generating proteins where groups of amino acids may be replaced by a single amino acid. For instance, several non-polar amino acids within a protein can all be replaced with a single non-polar amino acid. One project demonstrated that an engineered version of Chorismate mu... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,871 | Novel functionalities or protein specificity can also be engineered using computational approaches. One study was able to use two different computational methods: a bioinformatics and molecular modeling method to mine sequence databases, and a computational enzyme design method to reprogram enzyme specificity. Both met... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,872 | In therapeutics, synthetic biology has achieved significant advancements in altering and simplifying the therapeutics scope in a relatively short period of time. In fact, new therapeutic platforms, from the discovery of disease mechanisms and drug targets to the manufacture and transport of small molecules, are made po... | Artificial lifeform | 0.779414 |
93,873 | This implies the weak Mordell–Weil theorem that its subgroup B(K)/f(A(K)) is finite. There is a notorious problem about whether this subgroup can be effectively computed: there is a procedure for computing it that will terminate with the correct answer if there is some prime p such that the p-component of the Tate–Shaf... | Selmer group | 0.779412 |
93,874 | In arithmetic geometry, the Selmer group, named in honor of the work of Ernst Sejersted Selmer (1951) by John William Scott Cassels (1962), is a group constructed from an isogeny of abelian varieties. | Selmer group | 0.779412 |
93,875 | The term is employed in various disciplines, including music, physics, acoustics, electronic power transmission, radio technology, and other fields. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, a common AC power supply frequency, the frequencies of the first three higher harmonics are 100 Hz (2nd harmonic), 150 ... | Flageolet tone | 0.779412 |
93,876 | The IDLE sequence is used during link initialization for signal quality optimization. It is also transmitted when the link does not have any control symbols or packets to send. | RapidIO | 0.779411 |
93,877 | Another alternative interconnect technology is Ethernet. Ethernet is a robust approach to linking computers over large geographic areas, where network topology may change unexpectedly, the protocols used are in flux, and link latencies are large. To meet these challenges, systems based on Ethernet require significant a... | RapidIO | 0.779411 |
93,878 | The Sylvia M. Stoesser Lecture series was established in 2000 by the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois. It is supported by alumna Yulan Tong and by Dow AgroSciences. It is named after the first woman chemist to work at Dow, Sylvia M. Stoesser. The lectureship is given every two years to "an individu... | Sylvia M. Stoesser Lecturer in Chemistry | 0.77941 |
93,879 | In number theory, the diamond operators 〈d〉 are operators acting on the space of modular forms for the group Γ1(N), given by the action of a matrix (a bc δ) in Γ0(N) where δ ≈ d mod N. The diamond operators form an abelian group and commute with the Hecke operators. | Diamond operator | 0.779408 |
93,880 | The Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN) (NanoCAT or Institut Català de Nanotecnologia) was established in 2003 by the Catalan government and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). with the aim of attracting skilled international researchers to create a hub for nanoscience and nanotechnology research. In 20... | Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology | 0.779408 |
93,881 | Research focused in the following areas: Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles and nanotubes Design and synthesis of macromolecules for the integration of nanodevices Magnetism of thin films and spintronics Imaging and manipulation of atoms and molecules Theory of surfaces and inter-phases Interaction of biomater... | Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology | 0.779408 |
93,882 | The LFP battery uses a lithium-ion-derived chemistry and shares many advantages and disadvantages with other lithium-ion battery chemistries. However, there are significant differences. | Lithium iron phosphate batteries | 0.779407 |
93,883 | LFP chemistry offers a considerably longer cycle life than other lithium-ion chemistries. Under most conditions it supports more than 3,000 cycles, and under optimal conditions it supports more than 10,000 cycles. NMC batteries support about 1,000 to 2,300 cycles, depending on conditions.LFP cells experience a slower r... | Lithium iron phosphate batteries | 0.779407 |
93,884 | Depending on the application, the print resolution and speed of manufacturing lies somewhere between a personal printer and an industrial printer. A list of printers with pricing and other information is maintained. Most recently, delta robots, like the TripodMaker, have been utilized for 3D printing to increase fabric... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,885 | Rapide 3D has designed a professional grade crowdsourced 3D-printer costing $1499 which has no fumes nor constant rattle during use. The 3Doodler, "3D printing pen", raised $2.3 million on Kickstarter with the pens selling at $99, though the 3D Doodler has been criticized for being more of a crafting pen than a 3D prin... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,886 | The binder jetting 3D printing technique is the deposition of a binding adhesive agent onto layers of material, usually powdered. The materials can be ceramic-based or metal. This method is also known as inkjet 3D printing system. | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,887 | Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known under the trademarked term fused deposition modeling (FDM), derives from automatic polymeric foil hot air welding system, hot-melt gluing and automatic gasket deposition. Such principle has been further developed by S. Scott Crump in the late 1980s and was commercialized in ... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,888 | Computed axial lithography is a method for 3D printing based on reversing the principle of computed tomography (CT) to create prints in photo-curable resin. It was developed by a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Unlike other methods of 3D printing... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,889 | Another 3D printing approach is the selective fusing of materials in a granular bed. The technique fuses parts of the layer and then moves upward in the working area, adding another layer of granules and repeating the process until the piece has built up. This process uses the unfused media to support overhangs and thi... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,890 | A variety of processes, equipment, and materials are used in the production of a three-dimensional object via additive manufacturing. 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing, because the numerous available 3D printing process tend to be additive in nature, with a few key differences in the technologies and ... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,891 | Continuous inkjets were popular in the 1950-1960's before Drop-On-Demand inkjets were invented in 1972. Continuous three-dimensional inks were wax based and low temperature metal alloy's. Printing with these hot-melt inks produced alpha-numeric characters that were solid and raised, but no one recognized them as 3D pri... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,892 | Another type of large printer is Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). The goal is to develop printers that can produce a large object in high speed. A BAAM machine of Cincinnati Incorporated can produce an object at the speeds 200-500 times faster than typical 3D printers available in 2014. Another BAAM machine is b... | 3D printing processes | 0.779407 |
93,893 | Higher discharge rates needed for acceleration, lower weight and longer life makes this battery type ideal for forklifts, bicycles and electric cars. 12 V LiFePO4 batteries are also gaining popularity as a second (house) battery for a caravan, motor-home or boat.Tesla Motors uses LFP batteries in all standard-range Mod... | Lithium iron phosphate batteries | 0.779407 |
93,894 | In the beginnings of particle physics (first half of the 20th century), hadrons such as protons, neutrons and pions were thought to be elementary particles. However, new hadrons were discovered and the "particle zoo" grew from a few particles in the early 1930s and 1940s to several dozens of them in the 1950s. Some par... | S quark | 0.779406 |
93,895 | In signal processing based FDI, some mathematical or statistical operations are performed on the measurements, or some neural network is trained using measurements to extract the information about the fault.A good example of signal processing based FDI is time domain reflectometry where a signal is sent down a cable or... | Fault detection | 0.779405 |
93,896 | The construction of this project, France's first offshore wind turbine with a capacity of 2 MW, was completed in April 2018 and the unit installed on site in August 2018. For the month of February 2020, it had an availability of 95% and a capacity factor of 66%.In August 2018, Hibiki, the second demonstrator with an ae... | Floating wind turbine | 0.779405 |
93,897 | Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy and 11 international partners started a 4-year program called DeepWind in October 2010 to create and test economical floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines up to 20 MW. The program is supported with €3 million through EUs Seventh Framework Programme. Partners include TU... | Floating wind turbine | 0.779405 |
93,898 | A 2015 report by Carbon Trust recommends 11 ways to reduce cost. Also in 2015, researchers at University of Stuttgart estimated cost at €230/MWh.In California, offshore wind coincides well with evening and winter consumption, when grid demand is high and solar power is low. One of the few ports large enough to prepare ... | Floating wind turbine | 0.779405 |
93,899 | The Zc(3900) is a hadron, a type of subatomic particle made of quarks, believed to be the first tetraquark that has been observed experimentally. The discovery was made in 2013 by two independent research groups: one using the BES III detector at the Chinese Beijing Electron Positron Collider, the other being part of t... | Zc(3900) | 0.779405 |
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