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94,200 | "Cyborg" is not the same thing as bionics, biorobotics, or androids; it applies to an organism that has restored function or, especially, enhanced abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on some sort of feedback, for example: prostheses, artificial organs, implants or, in... | Cyborg animal | 0.77925 |
94,201 | The US-based company Backyard Brains released what they refer to as the "world's first commercially available cyborg" called the RoboRoach. The project started as a senior design project for a University of Michigan biomedical engineering student in 2010, and was launched as an available beta product on 25 February 201... | Cyborg animal | 0.77925 |
94,202 | Once landed, the cybernetic bug must remain in place.In 2020, an article published in Science Robotics by researchers at the University of Washington reported a mechanically steerable wireless camera attached to beetles. Miniature cameras weighing 248 mg were attached to live beetles of the Tenebrionid genera Asbolus a... | Cyborg animal | 0.77925 |
94,203 | Given an ordinal a, a subset of a is called a club if it is closed in the order topology of a but has net-theoretic limit a. The clubs of a form a filter: the club filter, ♣(a). The previous construction generalizes as follows: any club C is also a collection of dense subsets (in the ordinal topology) of a, and ♣(a) me... | Normal filter | 0.77925 |
94,204 | Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1824–1873), also known by its standard botanical abbreviation Prodr. (DC. ), is a 17-volume treatise on botany initiated by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. De Candolle intended it as a summary of all known seed plants, encompassing taxonomy, ecology, evolution and biogeog... | Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis | 0.779249 |
94,205 | Large regions of higher density matter known as molecular clouds allow chemical reactions to occur, including the formation of organic polyatomic species. Much of this chemistry is driven by collisions. Energetic cosmic rays penetrate the cold, dense clouds and ionize hydrogen and helium, resulting, for example, in the... | Intergalactic gas | 0.779248 |
94,206 | The density of matter in the interstellar medium can vary considerably: the average is around 106 particles per m3, but cold molecular clouds can hold 108–1012 per m3.A number of molecules exist in interstellar space, as can tiny 0.1 μm dust particles. The tally of molecules discovered through radio astronomy is steadi... | Intergalactic gas | 0.779248 |
94,207 | As gas falls into the intergalactic medium from the voids, it heats up to temperatures of 105 K to 107 K, which is high enough so that collisions between atoms have enough energy to cause the bound electrons to escape from the hydrogen nuclei; this is why the IGM is ionized. At these temperatures, it is called the warm... | Intergalactic gas | 0.779248 |
94,208 | When Latvia split from the Soviet Union, it had a population of 2,666,567, which was very close to its peak population. The latest census recorded a population of 2,067,887 in 2011, while the state statistics reported an estimate of 1,986,086 for 2015. This represents a 25.5% decline since the peak census figure, with ... | Population collapse | 0.779247 |
94,209 | In the last Soviet census of 1989, it had a population of 5,400,841, which was close to its peak population. The state statistics reported an estimate of 4,010,000 for the 2014 Census, which includes estimated numbers for quasi-independent Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This represents a 25.7% decline since the peak censu... | Population collapse | 0.779247 |
94,210 | In the last Soviet census of 1989, it had a population of 1,565,662, which was close to its peak population. The state statistics reported an estimate of 1,314,370 for 2016. This represents a 19.2% decline since the peak census figure. | Population collapse | 0.779247 |
94,211 | Bulgaria's population declined from a peak of 9,009,018 in 1989 and since 2001, has lost yet another 600,000 people, according to 2011 census preliminary figures to no more than 7.3 million, further down to 7,245,000. This represents a 24.3% decrease in total population since the peak and a −0.82% annual rate in the la... | Population collapse | 0.779247 |
94,212 | In the current area of the Republic of Ireland, the population has fluctuated dramatically. The population of Ireland was 8 million in 1841, but it dropped due to the Irish famine and later emigration. The population of the Republic of Ireland hit a bottom at 2.8 million in the 1961 census, but it then rose and in 2011... | Population collapse | 0.779247 |
94,213 | It is expected that some continual improvement of experimental sensitivity will allow discovery of very mild radioactivity (instability) of some isotopes that are considered to be stable today. For an example of a recent discovery, it was not until 2003 that bismuth-209 (the only primordial isotope of bismuth) was show... | Observationally Stable | 0.779246 |
94,214 | The first reaction is a Barbier reaction with propargylic bromide in water (green chemistry) and the second reaction is a Sonogashira coupling. Substrates may vary in these sequences and in this way a chemical library of new compounds can be realized. == References == | Noncovalent solid-phase organic synthesis | 0.779244 |
94,215 | Because they are still outside the event horizon, they may escape the black hole. The net process is that the rotating black hole emits energetic particles at the cost of its own total energy. The possibility of extracting spin energy from a rotating black hole was first proposed by the mathematician Roger Penrose in 1... | Spinning Kerr black hole | 0.779242 |
94,216 | These proteins have a structural motif consisting of a 2-layer sandwich structure with an alpha/beta plait topology. | Tbf5 protein domain | 0.779241 |
94,217 | In molecular biology, this protein domain represents Tbf5 which stands for TTDA subunit of TFIIH basal transcription factor complex (also known as subunit 5 of RNA polymerase II transcription factor B), and Rex1 a type of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins. Nucleotide excision repair is a major pathway for repai... | Tbf5 protein domain | 0.779241 |
94,218 | The CRM building was officially opened by the Princess Royal on 28 May 2012. Designed by Sheppard Robson, the building is part of a total £600 million joint investment in stem cell biology and medicine by the Scottish Government and the University of Edinburgh.The CRM building is also home to applied scientists working... | Centre for Regenerative Medicine | 0.77924 |
94,219 | The Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks. The Internet of things encompasses electronics, communication and computer science engineerin... | Internet Of Things | 0.779238 |
94,220 | The chemistry of plutonium was found to resemble uranium after a few months of initial study. Early research was continued at the secret Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago. On August 20, 1942, a trace quantity of this element was isolated and measured for the first time. About 50 micrograms of pluton... | Plutonium | 0.779238 |
94,221 | Plutonium normally has six allotropes and forms a seventh (zeta, ζ) at high temperature within a limited pressure range. These allotropes, which are different structural modifications or forms of an element, have very similar internal energies but significantly varying densities and crystal structures. This makes pluto... | Plutonium | 0.779238 |
94,222 | Plutonium is a radioactive actinide metal whose isotope, plutonium-239, is one of the three primary fissile isotopes (uranium-233 and uranium-235 are the other two); plutonium-241 is also highly fissile. To be considered fissile, an isotope's atomic nucleus must be able to break apart or fission when struck by a slow m... | Plutonium | 0.779238 |
94,223 | Plutonium–uranium–titanium and plutonium–uranium–zirconium were investigated for use as nuclear fuels. The addition of the third element increases corrosion resistance, reduces flammability, and improves ductility, fabricability, strength, and thermal expansion. Plutonium–uranium–molybdenum has the best corrosion resis... | Plutonium | 0.779238 |
94,224 | In organic chemistry, a methoxymethyl ether is a functional group with the formula ROCH2OCH3, abbreviated MOM. Methoxymethyl ethers are often employed in organic synthesis to protect alcohols. They are usually derived from 2-methoxymethyl chloride. Closely related to MOM ethers are methoxyethoxymethoxy (MEM) protecting... | Methoxymethyl ether | 0.779236 |
94,225 | The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2020 impact factor is 1.694, ranking it 57th out of 91 journals in the category "Engineering, Multidisciplinary" and 269th out of 334 journals in the category "Materials Science, Multi... | Journal of Fire Sciences | 0.779234 |
94,226 | The Journal of Fire Sciences is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the fields of engineering and materials science as applied to fire prevention. The editor-in-chief is Alexander B. Morgan. It was established in 1983 and is published by SAGE Publications. | Journal of Fire Sciences | 0.779234 |
94,227 | A trivializing section of a principal bundle P is given by a section s of P over an open subset U of M. Then the pullback s*ω of a principal connection is a 1-form on U with values in g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} . If the section s is replaced by a new section sg, defined by (sg)(x) = s(x)g(x), where g:M→G is a sm... | Principal connection | 0.779233 |
94,228 | Most known non-trivial computations of principal G-connections are done with homogeneous spaces because of the triviality of the (co)tangent bundle. (For example, let G → H → H / G {\displaystyle G\to H\to H/G} , be a principal G-bundle over H / G {\displaystyle H/G} ) This means that 1-forms on the total space are can... | Principal connection | 0.779233 |
94,229 | In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling... | Fehling's reagent | 0.779232 |
94,230 | A little algebra leads to the following expression for the critical mass: M J = ( T 3 n ) 1 2 . {\displaystyle M_{\text{J}}=\left({\frac {T^{3}}{n}}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}.} If during the derivation all constants are taken along, the resulting expression is M J = ( 375 k 3 4 π m 4 G 3 ) 1 2 ( T 3 n ) 1 2 , {\displaystyl... | Jeans instability | 0.779227 |
94,231 | In stellar physics, the Jeans instability causes the collapse of interstellar gas clouds and subsequent star formation, named after James Jeans. It occurs when the internal gas pressure is not strong enough to prevent gravitational collapse of a region filled with matter. For stability, the cloud must be in hydrostatic... | Jeans instability | 0.779227 |
94,232 | Following a razor and blades model, 3D Systems offers more than one hundred materials to be used with its printers, including waxes, rubber-like materials, metals, composites, plastics and nylons.3D Systems is a closed-source company, using in-house technologies for product development and patents to protect their tech... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,233 | As part of 3D Systems' effort to consolidate 3D printing under one company, its products span a range of 3D printers and print products to target users of its technologies across industries. 3D Systems offers both professional and production printers. In addition to printers, 3D Systems offers content creation software... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,234 | Invisalign orthodontics devices use 3D Systems' technologies. Education, for equation and geometry visualizations, art education, and design initiatives Entertainment, for the manufacture and prototyping of action figures, toys, games and game components; printing of sustainable guitars and basses, multifunction synthe... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,235 | The company offers a range of professional- and production-grade 3D printers, as well as software, materials, and the online rapid part printing service On Demand. It is notable within the 3D printing industry for developing stereolithography and the STL file format. Chuck Hull, the CTO and former president, pioneered ... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,236 | 3D Systems, headquartered in Rock Hill, South Carolina, is a company that engineers, manufactures, and sells 3D printers, 3D printing materials, 3D scanners, and offers a 3D printing service. The company creates product concept models, precision and functional prototypes, master patterns for tooling, as well as product... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,237 | There was some skepticism about botObjects' claims.In April 2015, 3D Systems announced its acquisition of the Chinese Easyway Group, creating 3D Systems China. Easyway is a Chinese 3D printing sales and service provider, with key operations in Shanghai, Wuxi, Beijing, Guangdong, and Chongqing.In October 2015, Reichenta... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,238 | In September 2014, 3D Systems acquired the Leuven, Belgium-based LayerWise, a principal provider of direct metal 3D printing and manufacturing services spun off from KU Leuven. The terms of the acquisition were not disclosed by either company. The takeover added Belgium to the list of countries where 3D Systems has act... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,239 | The rate of 3D Systems' acquisitions (16 in 2011) raised questions with regard to the task facing the company's management team. Other onlookers pointed to the encompassing scope of the acquisitions as indicating calculated steps by 3D Systems to consolidate the 3D printing industry under one roof and logo, and to beco... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,240 | In 2007, the company consolidated its offices, operations, and research and development functions into a new global headquarters in Rock Hill, South Carolina, US. About half of the headquarters’ 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) consist of research and development laboratories with an 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) Rapid Ma... | 3D Systems | 0.779226 |
94,241 | In number theory, the Pólya conjecture (or Pólya's conjecture) stated that "most" (i.e., 50% or more) of the natural numbers less than any given number have an odd number of prime factors. The conjecture was set forth by the Hungarian mathematician George Pólya in 1919, and proved false in 1958 by C. Brian Haselgrove. ... | Pólya conjecture | 0.779224 |
94,242 | The Born rule was formulated by Born in a 1926 paper. In this paper, Born solves the Schrödinger equation for a scattering problem and, inspired by Albert Einstein and Einstein’s probabilistic rule for the photoelectric effect, concludes, in a footnote, that the Born rule gives the only possible interpretation of the s... | Born Rule | 0.779224 |
94,243 | In rough analogy, a POVM is to a PVM what a mixed state is to a pure state. Mixed states are needed to specify the state of a subsystem of a larger system (see purification of quantum state); analogously, POVMs are necessary to describe the effect on a subsystem of a projective measurement performed on a larger system.... | Born Rule | 0.779224 |
94,244 | )In the case where the spectrum of A {\displaystyle A} is not wholly discrete, the spectral theorem proves the existence of a certain projection-valued measure Q {\displaystyle Q} , the spectral measure of A {\displaystyle A} . In this case: the probability that the result of the measurement lies in a measurable set M ... | Born Rule | 0.779224 |
94,245 | Kastner claims that the transactional interpretation is unique in giving a physical explanation for the Born rule.In 2019, Lluis Masanes and Thomas Galley of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and Markus Müller of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information presented a derivation of the Born ... | Born Rule | 0.779224 |
94,246 | Gleason's theorem shows that the Born rule can be derived from the usual mathematical representation of measurements in quantum physics together with the assumption of non-contextuality. Andrew M. Gleason first proved the theorem in 1957, prompted by a question posed by George W. Mackey. This theorem was historically s... | Born Rule | 0.779224 |
94,247 | In 2016, NASA began considering four different space telescopes for the Large strategic science missions; they are the Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR), Origins Space Telescope (Origins), and Lynx X-ray Observatory. In 2019, the four teams turned in their... | Origins Space Telescope | 0.779224 |
94,248 | The Origins Space Telescope would perform astrometry and astrophysics in the mid- to far-infrared range using a telescope with an aperture of 9.1 m (concept 1) or 5.9 m (concept 2). The telescope will require cryocooler systems to actively cool detectors at ~50 mK and the telescope optics at ~4 K. It will attain sensit... | Origins Space Telescope | 0.779224 |
94,249 | In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium). The ratio was originally defined by Richard Eppley and Bruce Peterson in one of the first papers estimating global oceanic production. This fr... | F-ratio (oceanography) | 0.779223 |
94,250 | In molecular biology, the octopine dehydrogenase family of enzymes act on the CH-NH substrate bond using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as an acceptor. The family includes octopine dehydrogenase EC 1.5.1.11, nopaline dehydrogenase EC 1.5.1.19, lysopine dehydrogenase EC 1.5.1.16 and opine dehydrogenase EC 1.5.1.-. NADPH is the prefe... | Octopine dehydrogenase family | 0.779222 |
94,251 | In January 2013, National Instruments acquired all outstanding shares of Digilent Inc., which became a wholly owned subsidiary. Digilent was founded in 2000 by two Washington State University electrical engineering professors, Clint Cole and Gene Apperson and grew to become a multinational corporation in the engineerin... | Interactive Image Technologies | 0.779219 |
94,252 | National Instruments' engineering software includes: LabVIEW, a graphical development environment LabVIEW Communications System Design Suite, A design environment designed for rapid deployment of communication systems. LabWindows/CVI, an ANSI C programming environment Measurement Studio, a set of components for Microso... | Interactive Image Technologies | 0.779219 |
94,253 | Rhodes was a busy trading port and centre of astronomy and mechanical engineering, home to astronomer Hipparchus, who was active from about 140-120 BC. The mechanism uses Hipparchus' theory for the motion of the Moon, which suggests he may have designed or at least worked on it. | Antikythera mechanism | 0.779218 |
94,254 | The Antikythera mechanism is generally referred to as the first known analogue computer. The quality and complexity of the mechanism's manufacture suggests it must have had undiscovered predecessors during the Hellenistic period. Its construction relied on theories of astronomy and mathematics developed by Greek astron... | Antikythera mechanism | 0.779218 |
94,255 | Freeth and Jones note that the inevitable "looseness" in the mechanism due to the hand-built gears, with their triangular teeth and the frictions between gears, and in bearing surfaces, probably would have swamped the finer solar and lunar correction mechanisms built into it: Though the engineering was remarkable for i... | Antikythera mechanism | 0.779218 |
94,256 | When the gears pictured, which had square teeth, were replaced with gears of the type in the Antikythera mechanism, which were angled, the device was perfectly functional.If Cicero's account is correct, then this technology existed as early as the third century BC. Archimedes' device is also mentioned by later Roman er... | Antikythera mechanism | 0.779218 |
94,257 | That afterwards Eudoxus of Cnidus, a disciple of Plato, had traced on its surface the stars that appear in the sky, and that many years subsequent, borrowing from Eudoxus this beautiful design and representation, Aratus had illustrated them in his verses, not by any science of astronomy, but the ornament of poetic desc... | Antikythera mechanism | 0.779218 |
94,258 | Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269). Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect). JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrade... | Java version history | 0.779218 |
94,259 | The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included: Language changes assert keyword (specified in JSR 41) Library improvements Regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions Exception chaining allows an excepti... | Java version history | 0.779217 |
94,260 | Java 7 was a major update that launched on July 7, 2011 and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011. The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished. On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) wer... | Java version history | 0.779217 |
94,261 | λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is sometimes called the noncentrality parameter. Note that some references define λ {\displaystyle \lambda } in other ways, such as half of the above sum, or its square root. This distribution arises in multivariate statistics as a derivative of the multivariate normal distribution. While the... | Noncentral chi-squared distribution | 0.779217 |
94,262 | In polymer chemistry, a chain extender is a low molecular weight (MW) reagent that converts polymeric precursors to higher molecular weight derivatives. Often, it is convenient to prepare a polymer at an intermediate MW, which are suitable for solution- or melt-processing. At or near the final stages of production, the... | Chain extender | 0.779216 |
94,263 | The electronic properties are greatly influenced by the unique conical structure of SWNHs. Most of the studies on the electronic properties investigated the conical endcaps that contain five pentagons in the hexagonal network. Berber et al. utilized theoretical calculations to determine the stability, optimum geometry,... | Single-walled carbon nanohorn | 0.779216 |
94,264 | Field emission is emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field. Among the tasks for optimization of the field emission, the development of large scale/low price production methods is one of the key problem. Carbon nanohorns can be synthesized in large quantities, and the product, unlike nanotubes, does not n... | Single-walled carbon nanohorn | 0.779216 |
94,265 | Another hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated using soybean peroxidase decorated SWNHs modified electrode based on the realization of direct electrochemistry of enzyme. In the absence of a mediator, this H2O2 biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity and a wide linear range. Applying similar principles, the SWNHs-mod... | Single-walled carbon nanohorn | 0.779216 |
94,266 | This findings may broaden the range of utilization of SWNHox in photochemistry, as well as photobiology. Zinc porphyrin could also bind to oxidized SWNHs through covalent bonding with a spacer and a crown ether. | Single-walled carbon nanohorn | 0.779216 |
94,267 | Pursuing this further, Kolesnikov et al. proposed a hyperboloid geometry that has a cone asymptotic at large distance and a smoothing at the tip for SWNHs. They investigated the influence of the pentagonal defects on the electronic properties of the SWNHs within the continuum gauge field-theory model. | Single-walled carbon nanohorn | 0.779216 |
94,268 | The woman's ten-year risk for ovarian cancer is also increased by 6-12% under these conditions.Statistics for BRCA-related ovarian cancer typically encompass not only cancer of the ovaries themselves, but also peritoneal cancer and the very rare, but somewhat easier to detect, cancer of the Fallopian tubes. Women with ... | BRCA mutation | 0.779216 |
94,269 | In effect, the United States is the only jurisdiction where Myriad's strong patent position has conferred sole-provider status." Peter Meldrum, CEO of Myriad Genetics, has acknowledged that Myriad has "other competitive advantages that may make such enforcement unnecessary" in Europe.Legal decisions surrounding the BR... | BRCA mutation | 0.779216 |
94,270 | However, BRCA mutations can increase the risk of other cancers, such as colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Methods to diagnose the likelihood of a patient with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 getting cancer were covered by patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics. Myriad's business model of exclus... | BRCA mutation | 0.779216 |
94,271 | A patent application for the isolated BRCA1 gene and cancer-cancer promoting mutations discussed above, as well as methods to diagnose the likelihood of getting breast cancer, was filed by the University of Utah, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Myriad Genetics in 1994; over the next year... | BRCA mutation | 0.779216 |
94,272 | In this context, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts the formation of topological defects. While the implementation of counterdiabatic driving across a phase transition requires complex many-body interactions, feasible approximate controls can be found.Outside of physics, STA have been applied to population genetics to... | Shortcuts to adiabaticity | 0.779213 |
94,273 | Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) are fast control protocols to drive the dynamics of system without relying on the adiabatic theorem. The concept of STA was introduced in a 2010 paper by Xi Chen et al. Their design can be achieved using a variety of techniques. A universal approach is provided by counterdiabatic driving... | Shortcuts to adiabaticity | 0.779213 |
94,274 | It was dedicated to the nation in 2007 by then President of India APJ Abdul Kalam. It is a part of the Centre for cellular and molecular biology. India's first genetic bank for wildlife conservation, the National wildlife genetic resource bank (NWGRB) established by the government at LaCONES in 2018. | Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species | 0.779212 |
94,275 | These attacks are roughly categorized into simple power analysis (SPA) and differential power analysis (DPA). One example is Collide+Power, which affects nearly all CPUs. Other examples use machine learning approaches.Fluctuations in current also generate radio waves, enabling attacks that analyze measurements of elect... | Side-channel attack | 0.779209 |
94,276 | Let G and H be two Hilbert spaces and let T: G → H be a bounded operator from G to H. Recall that T is said to be γ-radonifying if the push forward of the canonical Gaussian cylinder set measure on G is a bona fide measure on H. Recall also that T is said to be a Hilbert–Schmidt operator if there is an orthonormal basi... | Sazonov's theorem | 0.779208 |
94,277 | In mathematics, Sazonov's theorem, named after Vyacheslav Vasilievich Sazonov (Вячесла́в Васи́льевич Сазо́нов), is a theorem in functional analysis. It states that a bounded linear operator between two Hilbert spaces is γ-radonifying if it is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. The result is also important in the study of stoc... | Sazonov's theorem | 0.779208 |
94,278 | The Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem states that the number of solutions x ∈ ( C ∖ 0 ) n {\displaystyle x\in (\mathbb {C} \setminus 0)^{n}} of such a system is equal to n ! V ( Δ 1 , … , Δ n ) , {\displaystyle n!V(\Delta _{1},\ldots ,\Delta _{n}),} where V {\displaystyle V} denotes the Minkowski mixed volume and for each ... | Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem | 0.779208 |
94,279 | The Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem (or Bernstein–Khovanskii–Kushnirenko (BKK) theorem), proven by David Bernstein and Anatoliy Kushnirenko in 1975, is a theorem in algebra. It states that the number of non-zero complex solutions of a system of Laurent polynomial equations f 1 = ⋯ = f n = 0 {\displaystyle f_{1}=\cdots =f... | Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem | 0.779208 |
94,280 | Let A {\displaystyle A} be a finite subset of Z n . {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} ^{n}.} Consider the subspace L A {\displaystyle L_{A}} of the Laurent polynomial algebra C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} \left} consisting of Laurent polynomials whose exponents are in A {\displaystyle A} . That is: L A = { f | f ( x ) = ∑ α ∈... | Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem | 0.779208 |
94,281 | Kushnirenko's name is also spelt Kouchnirenko. David Bernstein is a brother of Joseph Bernstein. Askold Khovanskii has found about 15 different proofs of this theorem. | Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem | 0.779208 |
94,282 | The notion of a nil ideal has a deep connection with that of a nilpotent ideal, and in some classes of rings, the two notions coincide. If an ideal is nilpotent, it is of course nil, but a nil ideal need not be nilpotent for more than one reason. The first is that there need not be a global upper bound on the exponent ... | Nilpotent ideal | 0.779208 |
94,283 | In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an ideal I of a ring R is said to be a nilpotent ideal if there exists a natural number k such that I k = 0. By I k, it is meant the additive subgroup generated by the set of all products of k elements in I. Therefore, I is nilpotent if and only if there is a natural numbe... | Nilpotent ideal | 0.779208 |
94,284 | Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent, a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be c... | Ice cover | 0.779207 |
94,285 | One of the challenges for large collaborative knowledge bases is how to assure the integrity of data over a long period of time. Standard cryptographic methods that depend upon trusting a central validation authority are vulnerable to a variety of factors that can lead to data corruption, including hacking, data breach... | Visible Embryo Project | 0.779206 |
94,286 | Sample collection that could have preserved evidence of prebiotic chemistry or life on Mars; characterize the potential for the preservation of biosignatures. Methane emission from subsurface. Radiometric dating Deep core drill — core samples from a depth of ~ 2m Polar layered deposits — Investigate potential record of... | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | 0.779205 |
94,287 | The main objective was at a site with high preservation potential for physical and chemical biosignatures, evaluate paleo-environmental conditions, characterize the potential for preservation of biosignatures, and access multiple sequences of geological units in a search for evidence of past life and/or prebiotic chemi... | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | 0.779205 |
94,288 | To provide a name that fit the mission concept better, it was changed in August 2009 from the generic Mid-Range Rover (MRR) to Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C). In April 2011, because of a budgeting crisis, a proposal was announced to fly only one rover in 2018 that would be larger than either of the vehicles ... | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | 0.779205 |
94,289 | The rover would have carried instrumentation sufficient to scientifically select samples for caching. It was assumed that this translates to the following instruments and capabilities: Must be able to remotely (i.e. with mast-mounted instruments) characterize outcrops and identify features of interest (panoramic camera... | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | 0.779205 |
94,290 | The Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C), also known as Mars 2018 mission, was a NASA concept for a Mars rover mission, proposed to be launched in 2018 together with the European ExoMars rover. The MAX-C rover concept was cancelled in April 2011 due to budget cuts.The rover would have been solar powered, with a ma... | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | 0.779205 |
94,291 | Most statistical software packages used in clinical chemistry offer Deming regression. The model was originally introduced by Adcock (1878) who considered the case δ = 1, and then more generally by Kummell (1879) with arbitrary δ. However their ideas remained largely unnoticed for more than 50 years, until they were re... | Orthogonal regression | 0.779205 |
94,292 | In statistics, Deming regression, named after W. Edwards Deming, is an errors-in-variables model which tries to find the line of best fit for a two-dimensional dataset. It differs from the simple linear regression in that it accounts for errors in observations on both the x- and the y- axis. It is a special case of tot... | Orthogonal regression | 0.779205 |
94,293 | A general upper bound for the approximation error in the central limit theorem is given by the Berry–Esseen theorem, improvements of the approximation are given by the Edgeworth expansions. This theorem can also be used to justify modeling the sum of many uniform noise sources as Gaussian noise. See AWGN. | Standard normal distribution | 0.779202 |
94,294 | The central limit theorem implies that those statistical parameters will have asymptotically normal distributions. The central limit theorem also implies that certain distributions can be approximated by the normal distribution, for example: The binomial distribution B ( n , p ) {\displaystyle B(n,p)} is approximately ... | Standard normal distribution | 0.779202 |
94,295 | The central limit theorem states that under certain (fairly common) conditions, the sum of many random variables will have an approximately normal distribution. More specifically, where X 1 , … , X n {\displaystyle X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}} are independent and identically distributed random variables with the same arbitrary... | Standard normal distribution | 0.779202 |
94,296 | EN 1997-1 is intended to be used as a general basis for the geotechnical aspects of the design of buildings and civil engineering works. | Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design | 0.779201 |
94,297 | In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design (abbreviated EN 1997 or, informally, EC 7) describes how to design geotechnical structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It is published in two parts; "General rules" and "Ground investigation and test... | Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design | 0.779201 |
94,298 | Out of these reamputation cases, diabetic patients had a higher likelihood of requiring further amputations, regardless of initial amputation location. The rate of amputation has decreased significantly with the introduction and optimization of revascularization to combat vascular disease. An increasingly studied trend... | Gait deviations | 0.779198 |
94,299 | Although heavily related to the metabolic cost and overall optimization of the gait, the self-selected walking speed of amputees is significantly lower than able-bodied individuals. Average values for comfortable walking speeds drastically vary between subjects because it is a personal measure. The speeds can be lower ... | Gait deviations | 0.779198 |
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