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96,800 | Population structure is an important aspect of evolutionary and population genetics. Events like migrations and interactions between groups leave a genetic imprint on populations. Admixed populations will have haplotype chunks from their ancestral groups, which gradually shrink over time because of recombination. By ex... | Population stratification | 0.778061 |
96,801 | Genetic data are high dimensional and dimensionality reduction techniques can capture population structure. Principal component analysis (PCA) was first applied in population genetics in 1978 by Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues and resurged with high-throughput sequencing. Initially PCA was used on allele frequencies at k... | Population stratification | 0.778061 |
96,802 | Then, they can use the estimated contributions of each genetic variant to calculate a score for the trait for an individual who was not in the original association study. If structure in the study population is correlated with environmental variation, then the polygenic score is no longer measuring the genetic componen... | Population stratification | 0.778061 |
96,803 | For this reason, it was common in the 1990s to use family-based data where the effect of population structure can easily be controlled for using methods such as the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT).Phenotypes (measurable traits), such as height or risk for heart disease, are the product of some combination of gen... | Population stratification | 0.778061 |
96,804 | For example, a barrier like a river can separate two groups of the same species and make it difficult for potential mates to cross; if a mutation occurs, over many generations it can spread and become common in one subpopulation while being completely absent in the other. Genetic variants do not necessarily cause obser... | Population stratification | 0.778061 |
96,805 | The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. The journal was established in 1970 as the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics and changed its name beginning in 2003. It publishes invited review articles on topics considered to be timely and imp... | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics | 0.77806 |
96,806 | As of 2023, Journal Citation Reports gave the journal a 2022 impact factor of 11.8, ranking it third of 169 journals in the "Ecology" category and third of 52 journals in "Evolutionary Biology". It defines its scope as covering significant developments in the field of ecology, evolution, and systematics of all life on ... | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics | 0.77806 |
96,807 | The Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics was first published in 1970, with Richard F. Johnston as its first editor. In 1975 it began publishing biographies of notable ecologists in the prefatory chapter. In 2003, its name was changed to its current form, the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics | 0.77806 |
96,808 | The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is helmed by the editor or the co-editors. The editor is assisted by the editorial committee, which includes associate editors, regular members, and occasionally guest editors. Guest members participate at the invitation of the editor, and serve terms of one year... | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics | 0.77806 |
96,809 | CTA will look at higher energy photons than ever measured before. In fact, the cosmic particle accelerators can reach energies inaccessible to human-made accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider. CTA will seek to understand the impact of high-energy particles in the evolution of cosmic systems and to gain insight in... | Cherenkov Telescope Array | 0.778056 |
96,810 | At least three classes of telescopes are required to cover the full CTA energy range (20 GeV to 300 TeV): Large-Sized Telescope (LST), Medium-Sized Telescope (MST) and Small-Sized Telescope (SST).The project to build CTA is well-advanced: prototypes exist for all the proposed telescope designs and significant site char... | Cherenkov Telescope Array | 0.778056 |
96,811 | The Cherenkov Telescope Array or CTA is a multinational, worldwide project to build a new generation of ground-based gamma-ray instrument in the energy range extending from some tens of GeV to about 300 TeV. It is proposed as an open observatory and will consist of two arrays of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes... | Cherenkov Telescope Array | 0.778056 |
96,812 | Some theorists applied explicit graph theory to the problem, treating spans of pixels, or aggregates of such, as nodes and studying their connectivity. The first published graph theory algorithm worked similarly to the span filling, above, but had a way to detect when it would duplicate filling of spans. Unfortunately,... | Flood fill | 0.778055 |
96,813 | The Secretary General of the United Nations reported in 2006 that 95 percent of damage to seamount ecosystems worldwide is caused by deep sea bottom trawling. A study published in Current Biology suggests a cutoff of 600 metres (2,000 ft) is a point which ecological damage increases significantly. Vast amounts of carbo... | Beam trawl | 0.778053 |
96,814 | Ant robotics is a special case of swarm robotics. Swarm robots are simple (and hopefully, therefore cheap) robots with limited sensing and computational capabilities. This makes it feasible to deploy teams of swarm robots and take advantage of the resulting fault tolerance and parallelism. Swarm robots cannot use conve... | Ant robotics | 0.778052 |
96,815 | In 1991, American electrical engineer James McLurkin was the first to conceptualize the idea of "robot ants" while working at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The robots consisted of sensors, infrared emitters, and communication systems capabl... | Ant robotics | 0.778052 |
96,816 | Researchers have developed ant robot hardware and software and demonstrated, both in simulation and on physical robots, that single ant robots or teams of ant robots solve robot-navigation tasks (such as path following and terrain coverage) robustly and efficiently. For example, trails coordinate the ant robots via imp... | Ant robotics | 0.778052 |
96,817 | Quaternary geology is the branch of geology that study developments from 2.58 million years ago to the present. In particular, Quaternary geology study the process and deposits that developed during the Quaternary, a period characterized by glacial-interglacial cycles. Quaternary geology has developed over time from be... | Quaternary geology | 0.778052 |
96,818 | Quaternary geological investigations that require the dating of rocks or sediments require a complementary array of methods to determine that age. Although radiometric dating has rapidly gained importance for Quaternary dating, there has historically been a reliance on chemical and biological traces, geomorphic, and re... | Quaternary geology | 0.778052 |
96,819 | Marconi and Braun shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".During radio's first two decades, called the radiotelegraphy era, the primitive damped wave radio transmitters could only transmit pulses of radio waves, not the continuous waves which were neede... | Radio communications | 0.778049 |
96,820 | Ribet's theorem (earlier called the epsilon conjecture or ε-conjecture) is part of number theory. It concerns properties of Galois representations associated with modular forms. It was proposed by Jean-Pierre Serre and proven by Ken Ribet. | Ribet's Theorem | 0.778049 |
96,821 | The proof was a significant step towards the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT). As shown by Serre and Ribet, the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture (whose status was unresolved at the time) and the epsilon conjecture together imply that FLT is true. In mathematical terms, Ribet's theorem shows that if the Galois representa... | Ribet's Theorem | 0.778048 |
96,822 | Inferno was created in 1995 by members of Bell Labs' Computer Science Research division to bring ideas derived from their previous operating system, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, to a wider range of devices and networks. Inferno is a distributed operating system based on three basic principles: Resources as files: all resourc... | Inferno (operating system) | 0.778048 |
96,823 | A chronostratigraphic unit is a body of rock, layered or unlayered, that is defined between specified stratigraphic horizons which represent specified intervals of geologic time. They include all rocks representative of a specific interval of geologic time, and only this time span. Eonothem, erathem, system, series, su... | Geologic age | 0.778048 |
96,824 | One consequence of uniformly integrability of a class C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} of random variables is that family of laws or distributions { P ∘ | X | − 1 ( ⋅ ): X ∈ C } {\displaystyle \{P\circ |X|^{-1}(\cdot ):X\in {\mathcal {C}}\}} is tight. That is, for each δ > 0 {\displaystyle \delta >0} , there exists a >... | Uniformly integrable | 0.778048 |
96,825 | In the following we use the probabilistic framework, but regardless of the finiteness of the measure, by adding the boundedness condition on the chosen subset of L 1 ( μ ) {\displaystyle L^{1}(\mu )} . Dunford–Pettis theoremA class of random variables X n ⊂ L 1 ( μ ) {\displaystyle X_{n}\subset L^{1}(\mu )} is uniforml... | Uniformly integrable | 0.778048 |
96,826 | The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (a scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). I... | Geologic age | 0.778048 |
96,827 | Todd Brun, Igor Devetak, and Min-Hsiu Hsieh also constructed the entanglement-assisted stabilizer formalism as an extension of the standard stabilizer formalism that incorporates quantum entanglement shared between a sender and a receiver.That these codes allow indeed for quantum computations of arbitrary length is the... | Shor code | 0.778048 |
96,828 | The continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model is a spontaneous collapse model in quantum mechanics, proposed in 1989 by Philip Pearle. and finalized in 1990 Gian Carlo Ghirardi, Philip Pearle and Alberto Rimini. | Continuous spontaneous localization model | 0.778047 |
96,829 | Starfish, such as the ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) and the reef sea star (Stichaster australis), have become widely known as examples of the keystone species concept in ecology. The tropical crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is a voracious predator of coral throughout the Indo-Pacific region, and the... | Pyloric caeca | 0.778046 |
96,830 | By carefully choosing the angle for each material to be deposited, adjacent openings in the mask can be projected onto the same spot, creating an overlay of two thin films with a well-defined geometry.Efforts to create multilayered structures are complicated by a need to align each layer with those below it; as all ope... | Niemeyer-Dolan technique | 0.778043 |
96,831 | For instance, in 2001 researchers at IBM reported the successful implementation of Shor's algorithm in a 7-qubit NMR quantum computer. However, even from the early days, it was recognized that NMR quantum computers would never be very useful due to the poor scaling of the signal-to-noise ratio in such systems. More rec... | NMR quantum computing | 0.778043 |
96,832 | The use of nuclear spins for quantum computing was first discussed by Seth Lloyd and by David DiVincenzo. Manipulation of nuclear spins for quantum computing using liquid state NMR was introduced independently by Cory, Fahmy and Havel and Gershenfeld and Chuang in 1997. Some early success was obtained in performing qua... | NMR quantum computing | 0.778043 |
96,833 | The ensemble is initialized to be the thermal equilibrium state (see quantum statistical mechanics). In mathematical parlance, this state is given by the density matrix: ρ = e − β H Tr ( e − β H ) , {\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {e^{-\beta H}}{\operatorname {Tr} (e^{-\beta H})}},} where H is the hamiltonian matrix of a... | NMR quantum computing | 0.778043 |
96,834 | Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing (NMRQC) is one of the several proposed approaches for constructing a quantum computer, that uses the spin states of nuclei within molecules as qubits. The quantum states are probed through the nuclear magnetic resonances, allowing the system to be implemented as a variation ... | NMR quantum computing | 0.778043 |
96,835 | In this case, the material is generally pushed towards the nozzle by the action of a piston, and the nozzle is not heated. Paste-like materials such as ceramics and chocolate can be extruded using the fused filament process and a specialized paste extruder. Hot extrusion of pellets - In these types of 3d printing machi... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,836 | Hot extrusion of rods - In these types of 3d printing machines, the feedstock is in form of a rod instead of a filament. Since the rod is thicker than the filament, it can be pushed towards the hot end by means of a piston or rollers, applying a greater force and/or velocity compared to conventional FFF. Cold extrusion... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,837 | 3D printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing (AM), involves manufacturing a part by depositing material layer by layer. There is a wide array of different AM technologies that can do this, including material extrusion, binder jetting, material jetting and directed energy deposition. These processes have vari... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,838 | Recently a German company demonstrated for the first time the technical possibility of processing granular PEEK into filament form and 3D printing parts from the filament material using FFF technology.During FFF, the hot molten polymer is exposed to air. Operating the FFF process within an inert gas atmosphere such as ... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,839 | FFF begins with a software process which processes an STL file (Standard Triangle Language), orienting the model for the build process and mathematically slicing the model according to the processing parameters selected. If required, support structures may be generated.The nozzle can be moved in both horizontal and ver... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,840 | The force required to extrude the melt must be sufficient to overcome the pressure drop across the system, which strictly depends on the viscous properties of the melted material and the flow geometry of the liquefier and nozzle. The melted material is subjected to shear deformation during the flow. Shear thinning beha... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,841 | During extrusion the thermoplastic filament is introduced by mechanical pressure from rollers, into the liquefier, where it melts and is then extruded. Flow geometry of the extruder, heating method and the melt flow behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid are of main consideration in the part. The rollers are the only drive ... | Hot end | 0.778041 |
96,842 | An effective algebraic cycle in P n − 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n-1}} of dimension k-1 and degree 1 is the projectivization of a k-dimensional subspace of n-dimensional affine space. This gives an isomorphism to a Grassmannian variety: Gr ( k , 1 , n ) ≃ Gr ( k , n ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Gr} (k,1,n)\s... | Chow scheme | 0.778041 |
96,843 | An effective algebraic cycle in P n − 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n-1}} of dimension 0 and degree d is an (unordered) d-tuple of points in P n − 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n-1}} , possibly with repetition. This gives an isomorphism to a symmetric power of P n − 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n-1}}: Gr ( 1 , d ... | Chow scheme | 0.778041 |
96,844 | A more sophisticated solution to the problem of 'correctly' counting the degree of a degenerate subvariety is to work with subschemes of P n − 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n-1}} rather than subvarieties. Schemes can keep track of infinitesimal information that varieties and algebraic cycles cannot. For example, if tw... | Chow scheme | 0.778041 |
96,845 | The wireless lighting system consisted of a spark-excited grounded resonant transformer with a wire antenna which transmitted power across the room to another resonant transformer tuned to the frequency of the transmitter, which lighted a Geissler tube. Use of tuning in free space "Hertzian waves" (radio) was explained... | Radio receiver | 0.778039 |
96,846 | The definition of weak convergence can be extended to Banach spaces. A sequence of points ( x n ) {\displaystyle (x_{n})} in a Banach space B is said to converge weakly to a point x in B if for any bounded linear functional f {\displaystyle f} defined on B {\displaystyle B} , that is, for any f {\displaystyle f} in the... | Banach-Saks theorem | 0.778038 |
96,847 | The Banach–Saks theorem states that every bounded sequence x n {\displaystyle x_{n}} contains a subsequence x n k {\displaystyle x_{n_{k}}} and a point x such that 1 N ∑ k = 1 N x n k {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}x_{n_{k}}} converges strongly to x as N goes to infinity. | Banach-Saks theorem | 0.778038 |
96,848 | In mathematics, weak convergence in a Hilbert space is convergence of a sequence of points in the weak topology. | Banach-Saks theorem | 0.778038 |
96,849 | Because it expresses a structure or pattern for Gromov–Witten invariants, quantum cohomology has important implications for enumerative geometry. It also connects to many ideas in mathematical physics and mirror symmetry. In particular, it is ring-isomorphic to symplectic Floer homology. Throughout this article, X is a... | Quantum cohomology ring | 0.778038 |
96,850 | In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, a quantum cohomology ring is an extension of the ordinary cohomology ring of a closed symplectic manifold. It comes in two versions, called small and big; in general, the latter is more complicated and contains more information than the former.... | Quantum cohomology ring | 0.778038 |
96,851 | Open-shop scheduling or open-shop scheduling problem (OSSP) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling. In a general job-scheduling problem, we are given n jobs J1, J2, ..., Jn of varying processing times, which need to be scheduled on m machines wi... | Open-shop scheduling | 0.778036 |
96,852 | Fellow, King's College, Cambridge University (1969–1973, 2007– for Life) Professor at H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry at Karachi University Professor Emeritus at H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry at Karachi University (2012) Coordinator General of COMSTECH(1996–2012) Federal Minister of Science & Technology... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,853 | In 1968, Rahman received a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in organic chemistry; the subjects of his doctoral thesis were natural products and organic materials. He was elected as a fellow of King's College, University of Cambridge in 1969 and continued his research at Cambridge University until 1973. During that period, he... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,854 | After settling in Karachi in 1952, he passed the competitive O-Level and A-Level from the Karachi Grammar School and joined Karachi University.Attending Karachi University in 1960, Rahman graduated with a bachelor's degree (with honors) in chemistry in 1963. He obtained a Master of Science (MSc) in organic chemistry in... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,855 | Similarly, the international journal Molecules published by the Swiss publisher MDPI published a special issue of the journal in honour of Atta-ur-Rahman. The World Academy of Science, Italy has introduced a special Prize in his honour (TWAS-Atta-ur-Rahman Award in Chemistry) for young scientists which is awarded once ... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,856 | Atta-ur-Rahman has been selected as one of the 500 most influential personalities of the Islamic World. Institutions have been named after Rahman in China, the Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns) in Malaysia and the Academician Professor Atta-ur-Rahman One Belt and One Road TCM Research Cent... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,857 | Upon returning to Pakistan, he joined Karachi University where he lectures and taught chemistry. He was appointed Professor Emeritus at University of Karachi for life.He carried out important studies on the synthesis of anti-cancer alkaloids present in the plant Catharanthus roseus and analytical studies on organic com... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,858 | In 1964, Rahman joined the Karachi University as a lecturer in undergraduate chemistry. He remained associated with the Cambridge University between 1969 and 1973, and is presently honorary Life Fellow at the King's College of the Cambridge University. In 1977, he became the co-director of the Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Res... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,859 | In recognition of his eminent contributions in the field of organic chemistry, he has been conferred with many civil awards, including: Nishan-e-Imtiaz (2002) (highest national civil award) Hilal-e-Imtiaz (1998) Sitara-e-Imtiaz (1991) Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (1983) UNESCO Science Prize (1999) Grosse Goldene Ehrenzeischen am Ba... | Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist) | 0.778034 |
96,860 | In mathematics, the Radon–Nikodym theorem is a result in measure theory that expresses the relationship between two measures defined on the same measurable space. A measure is a set function that assigns a consistent magnitude to the measurable subsets of a measurable space. Examples of a measure include area and volum... | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,861 | If ν is a σ-finite signed measure, then it can be Hahn–Jordan decomposed as ν = ν+ − ν− where one of the measures is finite. Applying the previous result to those two measures, one obtains two functions, g, h: X → [0, ∞), satisfying the Radon–Nikodym theorem for ν+ and ν− respectively, at least one of which is μ-integr... | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,862 | It is not σ-finite, as not every Borel set is at most a countable union of finite sets. Let ν be the usual Lebesgue measure on this Borel algebra. Then, ν is absolutely continuous with respect to μ, since for a set A one has μ(A) = 0 only if A is the empty set, and then ν(A) is also zero. Assume that the Radon–Nikodym ... | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,863 | Here is an example when μ is not σ-finite and the Radon–Nikodym theorem fails to hold. Consider the Borel σ-algebra on the real line. Let the counting measure, μ, of a Borel set A be defined as the number of elements of A if A is finite, and ∞ otherwise. One can check that μ is indeed a measure. | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,864 | The function f is then called the Radon–Nikodym derivative and is denoted by d ν d μ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {d\nu }{d\mu }}} . An important application is in probability theory, leading to the probability density function of a random variable. The theorem is named after Johann Radon, who proved the theorem for the spec... | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,865 | This can be expressed as ν ( A ) = ∫ A f d μ , {\displaystyle \nu (A)=\int _{A}f\,d\mu ,} where ν is the new measure being defined for any measurable subset A and the function f is the density at a given point. The integral is with respect to an existing measure μ, which may often be the canonical Lebesgue measure on t... | Density function (measure theory) | 0.778034 |
96,866 | Originally developed in 2019 by Microsoft under the name Coco, and later rebranded to Confidential Consortium Framework; (CCF) is an open-source framework for the development of a new category performant applications that focus on the optimization of secure multi-party computation and data availability. Intended to acc... | Confidential Consortium Framework | 0.778032 |
96,867 | In mathematics, Paley graphs are dense undirected graphs constructed from the members of a suitable finite field by connecting pairs of elements that differ by a quadratic residue. The Paley graphs form an infinite family of conference graphs, which yield an infinite family of symmetric conference matrices. Paley graph... | Paley digraph | 0.778029 |
96,868 | Wireless ad hoc networks can take the form of a mesh networks or others. A wireless ad hoc network does not have fixed topology, and its connectivity among nodes is totally dependent on the behavior of the devices, their mobility patterns, distance with each other, etc. Hence, wireless mesh networks are a particular ty... | Mobile ad hoc networks | 0.778028 |
96,869 | Mesh networks take their name from the topology of the resultant network. In a fully connected mesh, each node is connected to every other node, forming a "mesh". A partial mesh, by contrast, has a topology in which some nodes are not connected to others, although this term is seldom in use. | Mobile ad hoc networks | 0.778028 |
96,870 | Ernst Kummer (Kummer 1850) showed that an equivalent criterion for regularity is that p does not divide the numerator of any of the Bernoulli numbers Bk for k = 2, 4, 6, ..., p − 3. Kummer's proof that this is equivalent to the class number definition is strengthened by the Herbrand–Ribet theorem, which states certain ... | Irregular prime | 0.778027 |
96,871 | A prime p is called strong irregular if it's both B-irregular and E-irregular (the indexes of Bernoulli and Euler numbers that are divisible by p can be either the same or different). The first few strong irregular primes are 67, 101, 149, 263, 307, 311, 353, 379, 433, 461, 463, 491, 541, 577, 587, 619, 677, 691, 751, ... | Irregular prime | 0.778027 |
96,872 | It is also used in cellular biology as an inhibitor of the lipid raft-caveolae endocytosis pathway on mammalian cells, at concentrations around 3 μg/ml.In certain cases, nystatin has been used to prevent the spread of mold on objects such as works of art. For example, it was applied to wood panel paintings damaged as a... | Nystatin | 0.778026 |
96,873 | Megaprojects include special economic zones, public buildings, power plants, dams, airports, hospitals, seaports, bridges, highways, tunnels, railways, wastewater projects, oil and natural gas extraction projects, aerospace projects, weapons systems, information technology systems, large-scale sporting events and, more... | Megaproject | 0.778025 |
96,874 | Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of materials that form two- or three-dimensional structures through reactions between organic precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. COFs emerged as a field from the overarching domain of organic materials as res... | Covalent organic frameworks | 0.778025 |
96,875 | Another class of high performance polymer frameworks with regular porosity and high surface area is based on triazine materials which can be achieved by dynamic trimerization reaction of simple, cheap, and abundant aromatic nitriles in ionothermal conditions (molten zinc chloride at high temperature (400 °C)). CTF-1 is... | Covalent organic frameworks | 0.778025 |
96,876 | Reticular synthesis enables facile bottom-up synthesis of the framework materials to introduce precise perturbations in chemical composition, resulting in the highly controlled tunability of framework properties. Through a bottom-up approach, a material is built from atomic or molecular components synthetically as oppo... | Covalent organic frameworks | 0.778025 |
96,877 | Morphological control on the nanoscale is still limited as COFs lack synthetic control in higher dimensions due to the lack of dynamic chemistry during synthesis. To date, researchers have attempted to establish better control through different synthetic methods such as solvothermal synthesis, interface-assisted synthe... | Covalent organic frameworks | 0.778025 |
96,878 | Operations research is a discipline of applying advanced techniques to help make better decisions. Optimization, in turn, utilizes mathematical algorithms to rapidly solve a business problem by evaluating all possible outcomes (or many outcomes) and selecting those ones that yield the best solution. When applied to sou... | Strategic sourcing | 0.778025 |
96,879 | The prognosis of adult-AMKL in patients treated for the disease is far below that of other forms of AMKL. Their median overall survival times are only 18 to 41 weeks with 5 year survival rates of only 10-11 percent. Major improvements in these statistics will likely require new approaches directed at the underlying mec... | Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia | 0.778024 |
96,880 | The diagnosis of DS-AMKL in young children is indicated by: a history of TMD; findings of increased presence of blast cells (e.g. ≥20% of nucleated cells) that have the megakaryoblast phenotype in blood and/or bone marrow as defined by the morphology of these cells in blood or bone marrow smears; failure to obtain a bo... | Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia | 0.778024 |
96,881 | Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as Vorinostat, inhibits the activity of HDACs. Vorinostat has shown promise as a treatment for immune system dysfunctions. Vorinostat, by inhibiting HDACs, can treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Though epigenetics-based treatments for autoimmune rheumatic disorders does not ex... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.778023 |
96,882 | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders is the role that epigenetics (heritable changes that do not involve alterations in DNA sequences) play in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune disorders are a diverse class of diseases that share a common origin. These diseases originate when the immune system becomes dysregulated and mis... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.778023 |
96,883 | Long non-coding RNAs have also been identified as playing an important role in gene expression. These lncRNAs are RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length but are not transcribed into any functional protein. They have been identified to play a role in the epigenetics of diseases such as Discoid Lupus Erythemat... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.778023 |
96,884 | These diseases are classified as either local or systemic based upon whether they affect a single body system or if they cause systemic damage. Whether someone develops an autoimmune disorder is dependent on genetics as well as environmental factors. Some families show genetic predisposition for these conditions, howev... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.778023 |
96,885 | Psoriatic arthritis patients secrete high levels of immune-regulated cytokines and chemokines. It has been shown that epigenetics modifications play a prominent role in the symptoms and pathogenesis of this condition. Alterations in miRNA expression levels are one of many epigenetic modifications that accompany the ons... | Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders | 0.778023 |
96,886 | Linear polymers can also fold into knotted topologies via non-covalent linkages. Knots and slipknots have been identified in naturally evolved polymers such as proteins as well. Circuit topology and knot theory formalise and classify such molecular conformations. | Knotted polymer | 0.778023 |
96,887 | After testing it was concluded that it was broken, probably hit by a rock on descent. Martian winds can still be detected with the other sensor.Reports are posted on the Center for Astrobiology website and Twitter daily.Parts of REMS Instrument Control Unit Ultraviolet Sensor Boom 1 with: Air Temperature Sensor Wind Se... | Rover Environmental Monitoring Station | 0.778022 |
96,888 | Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) is a weather station on Mars for Curiosity rover contributed by Spain and Finland. REMS measures humidity, pressure, temperature, wind speeds, and ultraviolet radiation on Mars. This Spanish project is led by the Spanish Astrobiology Center and includes the Finnish Meteorol... | Rover Environmental Monitoring Station | 0.778022 |
96,889 | Geodesics can be understood to be the Hamiltonian flows of a special Hamiltonian vector field defined on the cotangent space of the manifold. The Hamiltonian is constructed from the metric on the manifold, and is thus a quadratic form consisting entirely of the kinetic term. The geodesic equations are second-order diff... | Geodesics as Hamiltonian flows | 0.778021 |
96,890 | In mathematics, the geodesic equations are second-order non-linear differential equations, and are commonly presented in the form of Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. However, they can also be presented as a set of coupled first-order equations, in the form of Hamilton's equations. This latter formulation is develope... | Geodesics as Hamiltonian flows | 0.778021 |
96,891 | Dialysis tubing, also known as Visking tubing, is an artificial semi-permeable membrane tubing used in separation techniques, that facilitates the flow of tiny molecules in solution based on differential diffusion. In the context of life science research, dialysis tubing is typically used in the sample clean-up and pro... | Dialysis tubing | 0.778017 |
96,892 | Regenerated cellulose membranes are more resistant to organic solvents and to the weak or dilute acids and bases that are commonly used in protein and molecular biology applications. Membranes based on cellulose esters are typically supplied wet and come in a greater range of MWCOs. Pore sizes are typically more consis... | Dialysis tubing | 0.778017 |
96,893 | The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) is a nuclear research reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. Operating at 85 MW, HFIR is one of the highest flux reactor-based sources of neutrons for condensed matter physics research in the United States, and it has one of the highe... | High Flux Isotope Reactor | 0.778015 |
96,894 | NAA is well suited for determining about two-thirds of known elements in geological and biological materials. Several projects were facilitated by NAA that otherwise would be very challenging or impossible. Mercury contamination in the Oak Ridge area, baseline soil levels for many elements, and uranium isotope ratio in... | High Flux Isotope Reactor | 0.778015 |
96,895 | Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment which has been debated since the beginning of philosophy. Within the neuroscience of free will, the sense of agency—the subjective awareness of initiating, executing, and controlling one's volitional actions—is usually what is studied. One significant fin... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
96,896 | The neuroscience of free will encompasses two main fields of study: volition and agency. Volition, the study of voluntary actions, is difficult to define. If human actions are considered as lying along a spectrum based on conscious involvement in initiating the actions, then reflexes would be on one end, and fully volu... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
96,897 | In contrast, there exist models of Cartesian materialism that have gained recognition by neuroscience, implying that there might be special brain areas that store the contents of consciousness; this does not, however, rule out the possibility of a conscious will. Other models such as epiphenomenalism argue that conscio... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
96,898 | Despite criticisms, experimenters are still trying to gather data that may support the case that conscious "will" can be predicted from brain activity. fMRI machine learning of brain activity (multivariate pattern analysis) has been used to predict the user choice of a button (left/right) up to 7 seconds before their r... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
96,899 | Other studies have attempted to predict participant actions before they make them, explore how we know we are responsible for voluntary movements as opposed to being moved by an external force, or how the role of consciousness in decision-making may differ depending on the type of decision being made. Philosophers like... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
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