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96,900 | Neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of topics related to free will (volition and sense of agency) using neuroscience and the analysis of how findings from such studies may impact the free will debate. As it has become possible to study the living human brain, researchers have begun to obs... | Neuroscience of free will | 0.778014 |
96,901 | MK Fintel Wind is a Serbian renewable energy company. It is a joint venture between MK Group and the Italian Fintel Energia Group. | MK Fintel Wind | 0.778012 |
96,902 | Students included Ed Wilson, who went on to write the program SAP in 1970, an early "finite element analysis" program.Earthquake engineering has developed a lot since the early days, and some of the more complex designs now use special earthquake protective elements either just in the foundation (base isolation) or dis... | Seismic performance analysis | 0.778012 |
96,903 | This idea first appeared in the 1938 non-fiction book Tell My Horse by Zora Neale Hurston in which there were multiple accounts of purported tetrodotoxin poisoning in Haiti by a voodoo sorcerer called the Bokor. These stories were later popularized by Harvard-trained ethnobotanist Wade Davis in his 1985 book and Wes Cr... | Tetrodotoxin | 0.778012 |
96,904 | Statistics from the Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health indicate 20–44 incidents of fugu poisoning per year between 1996 and 2006 in the entire country, leading to 34–64 hospitalizations and 0–6 deaths per year, for an average fatality rate of 6.8%. Of the 23 incidents recorded within Tokyo between 1993 an... | Tetrodotoxin | 0.778012 |
96,905 | In mathematics, the Maurer–Cartan form for a Lie group G is a distinguished differential one-form on G that carries the basic infinitesimal information about the structure of G. It was much used by Élie Cartan as a basic ingredient of his method of moving frames, and bears his name together with that of Ludwig Maurer. ... | Maurer–Cartan form | 0.778011 |
96,906 | String theory Conformal field theory Supersymmetry Topological quantum field theory Noncommutative quantum field theory Local quantum field theory (also known as Algebraic quantum field theory or AQFT) | List of quantum field theories | 0.77801 |
96,907 | The laws of physics are symmetric under a deformation of the Lorentz or more generally, the Poincaré group, and this deformed symmetry is exact and unbroken. This deformed symmetry is also typically a quantum group symmetry, which is a generalization of a group symmetry. Deformed special relativity is an example of thi... | Local Lorentz covariance | 0.77801 |
96,908 | Similar to the approximate Lorentz symmetry of phonons in a lattice (where the speed of sound plays the role of the critical speed), the Lorentz symmetry of special relativity (with the speed of light as the critical speed in vacuum) is only a low-energy limit of the laws of physics, which involve new phenomena at some... | Local Lorentz covariance | 0.77801 |
96,909 | Lorentz violations are allowed in string theory, supersymmetry and Hořava–Lifshitz gravity.Lorentz violating models typically fall into four classes: The laws of physics are exactly Lorentz covariant but this symmetry is spontaneously broken. In special relativistic theories, this leads to phonons, which are the Goldst... | Local Lorentz covariance | 0.77801 |
96,910 | From these early days onwards, the Society worked on "chemistry and chemical technology in antiquity and the Latin West and the development of iatrochemistry and chemical philosophy." During the Second World War, the Society for the History of Alchemy & Early Chemistry was closed down, but it was re-established again i... | Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry | 0.77801 |
96,911 | The Society was first established in November 1935 by J.R. Partington (1886-1965), Frank Sherwood Taylor (1897-1956), Douglas McKie (1896-1967), and Gerard Heym (1888-1972), and named the Society for the Study of Alchemy and Early Chemistry. Its object was “the study of alchemy and early chemistry in their scientific a... | Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry | 0.77801 |
96,912 | The Society generally organises a Spring meeting and an Autumn meeting each year. Recent topics included John Dee and Print Culture; Chemistry and its Audiences; Making Chemistry: History, Materials, and Practices; New and Old Themes in the History of Chemistry and Chemistry in Europe. The Society also organises annual... | Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry | 0.77801 |
96,913 | The Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry, founded as the Society for the Study of Alchemy and Early Chemistry in 1935, holds biennial meetings and a yearly Graduate Workshop, publishes the journal Ambix and a biennial newsletter Chemical Intelligence, and offers prizes and grants to scholars. It has a world... | Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry | 0.77801 |
96,914 | The Society offers three prizes: the Partington Prize, awarded every three years for an original essay by a new scholar on any aspect of the history of alchemy and chemistry; the John and Martha Morris Award, which is also made every three years, for outstanding achievements in the history of modern chemistry or the hi... | Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry | 0.77801 |
96,915 | Professor Nguyen Thuc Quyen: Co-Chair of the Preliminary Committee, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of University of California Santa Barbara, USA: "In my opinion, these are really very 'special' awards. Until now, there have been very few awards of great caliber and great value for research authors ... | VinFuture Prize | 0.778009 |
96,916 | 1. Professor Sir Kostya S. Novoselov FRS, Nobel Laureate in Physics 2010, University of Manchester, UK: "It often happens that scientists from developing countries do not get the recognition they deserve simply because their voice is not heard as well as it deserved to be heard. VinFuture Prize was developed exactly to... | VinFuture Prize | 0.778009 |
96,917 | Many nominations were compiled and qualified by the VinFuture Prize Secretariat, well-known scientists in natural science, health science, agriculture, Earth science, environmental science, computer science, and engineering – technology, along with experts in artificial intelligence, renewable energy, biotechnology, ne... | VinFuture Prize | 0.778009 |
96,918 | Professor Sir Richard Henry Friend, Chairman of the VinFuture Prize Council and the Cavendish Professorship of Physics at the University of Cambridge (UK), said: "I am really impressed by the very constructive response from the nominators. We clearly have a broad set of really interesting and exciting nominations. I th... | VinFuture Prize | 0.778009 |
96,919 | All the winners are influential physicists or mathematicians whose contribution to statistical physics have been relevant in the past decades. Institution with multiple recipients are Sapienza University of Rome (3) and École Normale Supérieure, Cornell University, University of Cambridge and Princeton University (2). ... | Boltzmann Medal | 0.778009 |
96,920 | The Boltzmann Medal (or Boltzmann Award) is a prize awarded to physicists that obtain new results concerning statistical mechanics; it is named after the celebrated physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. The Boltzmann Medal is awarded once every three years by the Commission on Statistical Physics of the International Union of Pu... | Boltzmann Medal | 0.778009 |
96,921 | The field of radioanalytical chemistry was originally developed by Marie Curie with contributions by Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy. They developed chemical separation and radiation measurement techniques on terrestrial radioactive substances. During the twenty years that followed 1897 the concepts of radionucli... | Radioanalytical chemistry | 0.778008 |
96,922 | Due to radioactive nucleotides have similar properties to their stable, inactive, counterparts similar analytical chemistry separation techniques can be used. These separation methods include precipitation, Ion Exchange, Liquid Liquid extraction, Solid Phase extraction, Distillation, and Electrodeposition. | Radioanalytical chemistry | 0.778008 |
96,923 | As this is an analytical chemistry technique quality control is an important factor to maintain. A laboratory must produce trustworthy results. This can be accomplished by a laboratories continual effort to maintain instrument calibration, measurement reproducibility, and applicability of analytical methods. In all lab... | Radioanalytical chemistry | 0.778008 |
96,924 | Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content. Various methods are employed to purify and identify the radioelement of interest through chemical methods and sample measurement techniques. | Radioanalytical chemistry | 0.778008 |
96,925 | Since Curie's time, applications of radioanalytical chemistry have proliferated. Modern advances in nuclear and radiochemistry research have allowed practitioners to apply chemistry and nuclear procedures to elucidate nuclear properties and reactions, used radioactive substances as tracers, and measure radionuclides in... | Radioanalytical chemistry | 0.778008 |
96,926 | The Bernoulli family (German pronunciation: ) of Basel was a patrician family, notable for having produced eight mathematically gifted academics who, among them, contributed substantially to the development of mathematics and physics during the early modern period. | Bernoulli family | 0.778007 |
96,927 | in Zurich and Grenchen SO Elisabeth Bernoulli (1873–1935), suffragette and campaigner against alcoholismThe surname survives in Switzerland, with ten entries in the white pages for the city of Basel as of 2018. | Bernoulli family | 0.778007 |
96,928 | Niklaus had four sons, of whom Johann and Hieronymus became the progenitors of the "greater" and the "lesser" branches of the family, respectively. The "greater" branch later became related by marriage to the prominent French academic dynasty, the Curie family, through Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748). The four sons of Nik... | Bernoulli family | 0.778007 |
96,929 | After these data have been collected and analyzed, they are used as the comparative standard against which individual performances can be compared. Examples of neuropsychological tests include: the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Boston Naming Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting ... | Neuropsychological rehabilitation | 0.778004 |
96,930 | Some of the almost structures in generalized complex geometry may be rephrased in the language of G-structures. The word "almost" is removed if the structure is integrable. The bundle ( T ⊕ T ∗ ) ⊗ C {\displaystyle (\mathbf {T} \oplus \mathbf {T} ^{*})\otimes \mathbb {C} } with the above inner product is an O(2n, 2n) s... | Generalized complex manifold | 0.778003 |
96,931 | In ordinary complex geometry, an almost complex structure is integrable to a complex structure if and only if the Lie bracket of two sections of the holomorphic subbundle is another section of the holomorphic subbundle. In generalized complex geometry one is not interested in vector fields, but rather in the formal sum... | Generalized complex manifold | 0.778003 |
96,932 | The third insight is that over a certain category, these are representable functors. Furthermore, their representatives are related to the algebras of dual numbers, so that smooth infinitesimal analysis may be used. Synthetic differential geometry can serve as a platform for formulating certain otherwise obscure or con... | Synthetic differential geometry | 0.778 |
96,933 | In mathematics, synthetic differential geometry is a formalization of the theory of differential geometry in the language of topos theory. There are several insights that allow for such a reformulation. The first is that most of the analytic data for describing the class of smooth manifolds can be encoded into certain ... | Synthetic differential geometry | 0.778 |
96,934 | The discovery of the role of melanopsin in non-image forming vision has led to a growth in optogenetics. This field has shown promise in clinical applications, including the treatment of human eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and diabetes. A missense mutation in Opn4, P10L, has been implicated in 5% of patient... | Melanopsin | 0.777999 |
96,935 | In the case of simply typed lambda calculus, a type has an inhabitant if and only if its corresponding proposition is a tautology of minimal implicative logic. Similarly, a System F type has an inhabitant if and only if its corresponding proposition is a tautology of intuitionistic second-order logic. Girard's paradox ... | Type inhabitation | 0.777999 |
96,936 | For most typed calculi, the type inhabitation problem is very hard. Richard Statman proved that for simply typed lambda calculus the type inhabitation problem is PSPACE-complete. For other calculi, like System F, the problem is even undecidable. | Type inhabitation | 0.777999 |
96,937 | In type theory, a branch of mathematical logic, in a given typed calculus, the type inhabitation problem for this calculus is the following problem: given a type τ {\displaystyle \tau } and a typing environment Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } , does there exist a λ {\displaystyle \lambda } -term M such that Γ ⊢ M: τ {\displa... | Type inhabitation | 0.777999 |
96,938 | While in high school, Kurzweil had corresponded with Marvin Minsky and was invited to visit him at MIT, which he did. Kurzweil also visited Frank Rosenblatt at Cornell.He obtained a B.S. in computer science and literature in 1970 at MIT. He went to MIT to study with Marvin Minsky. | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,939 | In 1999, Kurzweil published a second book titled The Age of Spiritual Machines, which goes into more depth explaining his futurist ideas. In it, he states that with radical life extension will come radical life enhancement. He says he is confident that within 10 years we will have the option to spend some of our time i... | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,940 | Myers has criticized Kurzweil's predictions as being based on "New Age spiritualism" rather than science and says that Kurzweil does not understand basic biology. VR pioneer Jaron Lanier has described Kurzweil's ideas as "cybernetic totalism" and has outlined his views on the culture surrounding Kurzweil's predictions ... | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,941 | Raymond Kurzweil ( KURZ-wyle; born February 12, 1948) is an American computer scientist, author, inventor, and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He has written books on health, art... | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,942 | His uncle, an engineer at Bell Labs, taught young Kurzweil the basics of computer science. In 1963, at age 15, he wrote his first computer program. He created pattern-recognition software that analyzed the works of classical composers, and then synthesized its own songs in similar styles. | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,943 | "Bill Joy, cofounder of Sun Microsystems, agrees with Kurzweil's timeline of future progress, but thinks that technologies such as AI, nanotechnology and advanced biotechnology will create a dystopian world. Mitch Kapor, the founder of Lotus Development Corporation, has called the notion of a technological singularity ... | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,944 | Kurzweil admits that he cared little for his health until age 35, when he was found to suffer from a glucose intolerance, an early form of type II diabetes (a major risk factor for heart disease). Kurzweil then found a doctor, Terry Grossman, who shared his unconventional beliefs and helped him to develop an extreme re... | Ray Kurzweil | 0.777997 |
96,945 | The name "ptychography" was coined by Hegerl and Hoppe in 1970 to describe a solution to the crystallographic phase problem first suggested by Hoppe in 1969. The idea required the specimen to be highly ordered (a crystal) and to be illuminated by a precisely engineered wave so that only two pairs of diffraction peaks i... | Ptychography | 0.777997 |
96,946 | This geometry can be used either to map surface features or to measure strain in crystalline specimens. Shifts in the specimen surface, or the atomic Bragg planes perpendicular to the surface, appear in the phase of the ptychographic image. | Ptychography | 0.777997 |
96,947 | Coherent X-ray beams can be produced by modern synchrotron radiation sources, free-electron lasers and high-harmonic sources. In terms of routine analysis, X-ray ptychotomography is today the most commonly used technique. It has been applied to many materials problems including, for example, the study of paint, imaging... | Ptychography | 0.777997 |
96,948 | Now the standard ptychographical shift invariance principle applies, except that the diffraction pattern is acting as the object and the back focal plane stop is acting like the illumination function in conventional ptychography. The image is in the Fraunhofer diffraction plane of these two functions (another consequen... | Ptychography | 0.777997 |
96,949 | A conventional microscope is used with a relatively small numerical aperture objective lens. The specimen is illuminated from a series of different angles. Parallel beams coming out of the specimen are brought to a focus in the back focal plane of the objective lens, which is therefore a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern ... | Ptychography | 0.777997 |
96,950 | For example, when there is a light source shining on the blue cap on the left (left-looking), there will be shadows on the other side of the cap where light waves are blocked by the cap and no reflection occurs. If the looking direction is changed to the right, the shadowing (dark on SAR image) part will be at the oppo... | Mapping of Venus | 0.777997 |
96,951 | In mechanical engineering, a docking sleeve or mounting boss is a tube or enclosure used to couple two mechanical components together, or for chilling, or to retain two components together; this permits two equally sized appendages to be connected via insertion and fixing within the construction. Docking sleeves may be... | Docking sleeve | 0.777994 |
96,952 | {\displaystyle y_{t}=a_{0}+a_{1}y_{t-1}+a_{2}y_{t-2}+\cdots +a_{m}y_{t-m}+b_{p}x_{t-p}+\cdots +b_{q}x_{t-q}+{\text{error}}_{t}.} One retains in this regression all lagged values of x that are individually significant according to their t-statistics, provided that collectively they add explanatory power to the regressio... | Granger causality | 0.777993 |
96,953 | These notations are based on typed set theory. Systems are therefore modelled using sets and relations between sets. Another well-known approach to formal specification is algebraic specification. | Model-based specification | 0.777991 |
96,954 | Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primaril... | Secure Sockets Layer | 0.77799 |
96,955 | TLS 1.3 was defined in RFC 8446 in August 2018. It is based on the earlier TLS 1.2 specification. Major differences from TLS 1.2 include: Separating key agreement and authentication algorithms from the cipher suites: §11 Removing support for weak and less-used named elliptic curves Removing support for MD5 and SHA-224 ... | Secure Sockets Layer | 0.77799 |
96,956 | The convention for positive linking number is based on a right-hand rule. The winding number of an oriented curve in the x-y plane is equal to its linking number with the z-axis (thinking of the z-axis as a closed curve in the 3-sphere). More generally, if either of the curves is simple, then the first homology group o... | Gauss linking integral | 0.777989 |
96,957 | Any two closed curves in space, if allowed to pass through themselves but not each other, can be moved into exactly one of the following standard positions. This determines the linking number: Each curve may pass through itself during this motion, but the two curves must remain separated throughout. This is formalized ... | Gauss linking integral | 0.777989 |
96,958 | The linking number is defined for two linked circles; given three or more circles, one can define the Milnor invariants, which are a numerical invariant generalizing linking number. In algebraic topology, the cup product is a far-reaching algebraic generalization of the linking number, with the Massey products being th... | Gauss linking integral | 0.777989 |
96,959 | The Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers (IRSEE) is a prestigious group A central engineering services of the Indian railways. The officers of this service are responsible for managing the Electrical Engineering organisation of the Indian Railways. The Indian railways have technical and non-technical departme... | Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers | 0.777985 |
96,960 | Technical supervision is provided by the zonal Chief Electrical Engineer. The probationers of IRSEE cadre are trained at IRIEEN (Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering Nasik, Maharashtra. Names and phone numbers of IRSEE Central Railway Officers are available here IRSEE CR | Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers | 0.777985 |
96,961 | Suppose that G is the absolute Galois group of a p-adic field K. Then G has a canonical cyclotomic character χ given by its action on the pth power roots of unity. Let C be the completion of the algebraic closure of K. Then a finite-dimensional vector space over C with a semi-linear action of the Galois group G is said... | Hodge–Tate module | 0.777985 |
96,962 | Similarly in natural science, in moral science, and in metaphysics the best is that which needs no premises and the better that which needs the fewer, other circumstances being equal. "The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) states that "it is superfluous to suppose that what can be accounted for by a few pr... | Ockham’s razor | 0.777984 |
96,963 | Subsequently, Smart has been severely criticized for his use (or misuse) of Occam's razor and ultimately retracted his advocacy of it in this context. Paul Churchland (1984) states that by itself Occam's razor is inconclusive regarding duality. In a similar way, Dale Jacquette (1994) stated that Occam's razor has been ... | Ockham’s razor | 0.777984 |
96,964 | Prior to the 20th century, it was a commonly held belief that nature itself was simple and that simpler hypotheses about nature were thus more likely to be true. This notion was deeply rooted in the aesthetic value that simplicity holds for human thought and the justifications presented for it often drew from theology.... | Ockham’s razor | 0.777984 |
96,965 | Instances of using Occam's razor to justify belief in less complex and more simple theories have been criticized as using the razor inappropriately. For instance Francis Crick stated that "While Occam's razor is a useful tool in the physical sciences, it can be a very dangerous implement in biology. It is thus very ras... | Ockham’s razor | 0.777984 |
96,966 | The production of this alloy was first reported by Kyoto University Professor Hiroshi Kitagawa and his research team, October 27, 2010. To make the new alloy, the Kyoto team used nanotechnology to "nebulise" the rhodium and silver and gradually mixed them with heated alcohol, with the two metals mixed stably at the ato... | Pseudo palladium | 0.777983 |
96,967 | Pseudo palladium (RhAg) is a binary alloy consisting of equal parts of rhodium (atomic number 45) and silver (atomic number 47) created using nanotechnology to create a far more homogeneous mixture than might be possible using more conventional methods. This alloy exhibits properties of the intervening element palladiu... | Pseudo palladium | 0.777983 |
96,968 | In spherical geometry, a spherical lune (or biangle) is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. It is an example of a digon, {2}θ, with dihedral angle θ. The word "lune" derives from luna, the Latin word for Moon. | Spherical lune | 0.777983 |
96,969 | It was at that time, "one of the first in-house toxicology facilities." It was established on the advice of a DuPont in-house doctor named George Gehrmann. : 278–288 According to a 1935 news item in the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry journal, the purpose of the du Pont facility was to thoroughly test all du Pont ... | Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | 0.777981 |
96,970 | In mathematics, equivariant cohomology (or Borel cohomology) is a cohomology theory from algebraic topology which applies to topological spaces with a group action. It can be viewed as a common generalization of group cohomology and an ordinary cohomology theory. Specifically, the equivariant cohomology ring of a space... | Equivariant cohomology ring | 0.77798 |
96,971 | The pair orbit each other with a period of around 36 years and an eccentricity of roughly 0.4. The primary member, component A, is a white-hued A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 V. The nature of the secondary, component B, is less certain – it may be a class A or F type star of unknown lumin... | Mu Serpentis | 0.77798 |
96,972 | There is at least one generalization of this conjecture, known as the symplectic Thom conjecture (which is now a theorem, as proved for example by Peter Ozsváth and Szabó in 2000). It states that a symplectic surface of a symplectic 4-manifold is genus minimizing within its homology class. This would imply the previous... | Thom conjecture | 0.777978 |
96,973 | In mathematics, a smooth algebraic curve C {\displaystyle C} in the complex projective plane, of degree d {\displaystyle d} , has genus given by the genus–degree formula g = ( d − 1 ) ( d − 2 ) / 2 {\displaystyle g=(d-1)(d-2)/2} .The Thom conjecture, named after French mathematician René Thom, states that if Σ {\displa... | Thom conjecture | 0.777978 |
96,974 | Modelling and simulation functionality allows for pre-execution "what-if" modelling and simulation. Post-execution optimization is available based on the analysis of actual as-performed metrics. Use case diagrams created by Ivar Jacobson, 1992 (integrated in UML) Activity diagrams (also adopted by UML) | Business process model | 0.777977 |
96,975 | The condensed tannins can nevertheless undergo acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of (an excess of) a nucleophile like phloroglucinol (reaction called phloroglucinolysis), benzyl mercaptan (reaction called thiolysis), thioglycolic acid (reaction called thioglycolysis) or cysteamine. These techniques are generally ... | Polyflavonoid tannin | 0.777977 |
96,976 | In organic chemistry, a variety of synthetic procures are particularly useful in closing carbocyclic and other rings; these are termed ring-closing reactions. Examples include: alkyne trimerisation; the Bergman cyclization of an enediyne; the Diels–Alder, between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, and other c... | Ring opening | 0.777974 |
96,977 | Taub's solution is an empty space solution of Einstein's equations with topology R×S3 and metric (or equivalently line element) g = − d t 2 / U ( t ) + 4 l 2 U ( t ) ( d ψ + cos θ d ϕ ) 2 + ( t 2 + l 2 ) ( d θ 2 + ( sin θ ) 2 d ϕ 2 ) {\displaystyle g=-dt^{2}/U(t)+4l^{2}U(t)(d\psi +\cos \theta d\phi )^{2}+(t^{2}+l^{... | Taub–NUT vacuum | 0.777974 |
96,978 | In statistics and decision theory, kurtosis risk is the risk that results when a statistical model assumes the normal distribution, but is applied to observations that have a tendency to occasionally be much farther (in terms of number of standard deviations) from the average than is expected for a normal distribution. | Kurtosis risk | 0.777973 |
96,979 | In probability theory, reflected Brownian motion (or regulated Brownian motion, both with the acronym RBM) is a Wiener process in a space with reflecting boundaries. In the physical literature, this process describes diffusion in a confined space and it is often called confined Brownian motion. For example it can descr... | Reflecting Brownian motion | 0.777972 |
96,980 | Given a ringed space ( X , O X ) {\displaystyle (X,{\mathcal {O}}_{X})} , the category of sheaves of OX-modules is a Grothendieck category. Given an (affine or projective) algebraic variety V {\displaystyle V} (or more generally: any scheme), the category Qcoh ( V ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Qcoh} (V)} of quasi-c... | Grothendieck category | 0.777971 |
96,981 | In mathematics, a Grothendieck category is a certain kind of abelian category, introduced in Alexander Grothendieck's Tôhoku paper of 1957 in order to develop the machinery of homological algebra for modules and for sheaves in a unified manner. The theory of these categories was further developed in Pierre Gabriel's se... | Grothendieck category | 0.777971 |
96,982 | Sequential dynamical systems (SDSs) are a class of graph dynamical systems. They are discrete dynamical systems which generalize many aspects of for example classical cellular automata, and they provide a framework for studying asynchronous processes over graphs. The analysis of SDSs uses techniques from combinatorics,... | Sequential dynamical system | 0.777971 |
96,983 | Dalgaard et al. claim Frederic Clements's investigations on ecology using social sciences, community ecology and a "landscape perspective" is agroecology, as well as Henry Gleason's investigations of the population ecology of plants using different scientific disciplines. Ethnobotanist Efraim Hernandez X. | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,984 | Tischler's 1965 book Agrarökologie may be the first to be titled 'agroecology'. He analyzed the different components (plants, animals, soils and climate) and their interactions within an agroecosystem as well as the impact of human agricultural management on these components.Gliessman describes that post-WWII ecologist... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,985 | The history of agroecology depends on whether you are referring to it as a body of thought or a method of practice, as many indigenous cultures around the world historically used and currently use practices we would now consider utilizing knowledge of agroecology. Examples include Maori, Nahuatl, and many other indigen... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,986 | Garí wrote two papers for the FAO in the early 2000s about using an agroecological approach which he called "agrobiodiversity" to empower farmers to cope with the impacts of the AIDS on rural areas in Africa.In 2011, the first encounter of agroecology trainers took place in Zimbabwe and issued the Shashe Declaration. | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,987 | Agroecology uses different sciences to understand elements of ecosystems such as soil properties and plant-insect interactions, as well as using social sciences to understand the effects of farming practices on rural communities, economic constraints to developing new production methods, or cultural factors determining... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,988 | Within those academic research areas that focus on topics related to agriculture or ecology such as agronomy, veterinarian science, environmental science, and others, there is much debate regarding what model of agriculture or agroecology should be supported through policy. Agricultural departments of different countri... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,989 | 's work on traditional knowledge in Mexico in the 1970s led to new education programs in agroecology.Works such as Silent Spring and The Limits to Growth caused the public to be aware of the environmental costs of agricultural production, which caused more research in sustainability starting in the 1980s. The view that... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,990 | Using the name as a movement became more common in the 1990s, especially in the Americas. Miguel Altieri, whom Buttel groups with the "political" agroecologists, has published prolifically in this sense. He has applied agroecology to sustainable agriculture, alternative agriculture and traditional knowledge. | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,991 | The second version they cite Hecht (1995) as coining "hard" agroecology which they identify as more reactive to environmental politics but rooted in measurable units and technology. They themselves name "soft" agroecology which they define as trying to measure agroecology in terms of "soft capital" such as culture or e... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,992 | Buttel identifies four varieties of agroecology in a 2003 conference paper. The main varieties he calls ecosystem agroecology which he claims derives from the ecosystem ecology of Howard T. Odum and focuses less on the rural sociology, and agronomic agroecology which he identifies as being oriented towards developing k... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,993 | According to Gliessman and Francis et al., agronomy and ecology were first linked with the study of crop ecology by Klages in 1928. This work is a study of where crops can best be grown.Wezel et al. say the first mention of the term agroecology was in 1928, with the publication of the term by Basil Bensin. Dalgaard et ... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,994 | The European Commission supports the use of sustainable practices, such as precision agriculture, organic farming, agroecology, agroforestry and stricter animal welfare standards through the Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,995 | Several social movements have adopted agroecology as part of their larger organizing strategy. Groups like La Via Campesina have used agroecology as a method for achieving food sovereignty. Agroecology has also been utilized by farmers to resist global agricultural development patterns associated with the green revolut... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,996 | Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment within agricultural systems. Francis et al. also use the definition in the same way, but thou... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,997 | Agroecology (IPA: /ˌæ.ɡroʊ.i.ˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/) is an academic discipline that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles to bear can suggest new management approaches in agroecosystems. The term can refer to a science, a movement, or an agricultural practice. Agr... | Agroecology | 0.777968 |
96,998 | The Goldsmiths' Professorship of Materials Science is a professorship in the University of Cambridge, associated with the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy.The professorship was established by grace of 20 November 1931 as the Goldsmiths' Professorship of Metallurgy to replace the Goldsmiths' Readership in ... | Goldsmiths' Professor of Materials Science | 0.777968 |
96,999 | In number theory, Hurwitz's theorem, named after Adolf Hurwitz, gives a bound on a Diophantine approximation. The theorem states that for every irrational number ξ there are infinitely many relatively prime integers m, n such that The condition that ξ is irrational cannot be omitted. Moreover the constant 5 {\displayst... | Hurwitz's theorem (number theory) | 0.777966 |
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