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98,600 | The law of large numbers as well as the central limit theorem are partial solutions to a general problem: "What is the limiting behavior of Sn as n approaches infinity?" In mathematical analysis, asymptotic series are one of the most popular tools employed to approach such questions. Suppose we have an asymptotic expan... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,601 | Given its importance to statistics, a number of papers and computer packages are available that demonstrate the convergence involved in the central limit theorem. | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,602 | A simple example of the central limit theorem is rolling many identical, unbiased dice. The distribution of the sum (or average) of the rolled numbers will be well approximated by a normal distribution. Since real-world quantities are often the balanced sum of many unobserved random events, the central limit theorem al... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,603 | In reality, such sampling asymptotically reproduces the properties of the population, an intuitive result underpinned by the Glivenko-Cantelli theorem. That the theorem leads to a good approximation of a normal distribution for sample sizes greater than around 30, allowing reliable inferences regardless of the nature o... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,604 | Studies have shown that the central limit theorem is subject to several common but serious misconceptions, some of which appear in widely-used textbooks. These include the beliefs that: The theorem applies to random sampling of any variable, rather than to the mean values (or sums) of iid random variables extracted fro... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,605 | Since the characteristic function of a convolution is the product of the characteristic functions of the densities involved, the central limit theorem has yet another restatement: the product of the characteristic functions of a number of density functions becomes close to the characteristic function of the normal dens... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,606 | The usefulness of the theorem is that the distribution of n ( X ¯ n − μ ) {\displaystyle {\sqrt {n}}({\bar {X}}_{n}-\mu )} approaches normality regardless of the shape of the distribution of the individual X i . {\displaystyle X_{i}.} Formally, the theorem can be stated as follows: In the case σ > 0 , {\displaystyle \s... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,607 | {\displaystyle n\to \infty .} The classical central limit theorem describes the size and the distributional form of the stochastic fluctuations around the deterministic number μ {\displaystyle \mu } during this convergence. More precisely, it states that as n {\displaystyle n} gets larger, the distribution of the diffe... | Lyapunov's central limit theorem | 0.777239 |
98,608 | In June 2021 Dr Sven Teske and Dr Sarah Niklas from the Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney found that "existing coal, oil and gas production puts the world on course to overshoot Paris climate targets." In co-operation with the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative they publish... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,609 | Whereas demand-side approaches seek to reduce fossil-fuel consumption, supply-side initiatives seek to constrain production to accelerate the pace of energy transition and reduction in emissions. It has been suggested that laws should be passed to make fossil fuel companies bury the same amount of carbon as they emit. ... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,610 | Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce deaths and illness from air pollution, limit climate change, and strengthen energy independence. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition, but is being hindered by fossil fuel subsidies. Although man... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,611 | Hydrogen fuel cells are about a third as efficient as batteries and double the efficiency of petrol vehicles. Electric vehicles powered by batteries are another alternative, and these have the advantage of having the highest well-to-wheels efficiency rate of any energy pathway and thus would allow much greater numbers ... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,612 | Biomass is biological material from living, or recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials. As a renewable energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or indirectly – once or converted into another type of energy product such as biofuel. Biomass can be converted to energ... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,613 | If energy use grows too fast, renewable energy development will chase a receding target. Likewise, unless clean energy supplies come online rapidly, slowing demand growth will only begin to reduce total emissions; reducing the carbon content of energy sources is also needed. The IEA has stated that renewable energy and... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,614 | Moving away from fossil fuels will require changes not only in the way energy is supplied, but in the way it is used, and reducing the amount of energy required to deliver various goods or services is essential. Opportunities for improvement on the demand side of the energy equation are as rich and diverse as those on ... | Fossil fuel phaseout | 0.777237 |
98,615 | In mathematics, in the field of complex geometry, a holomorphic curve in a complex manifold M is a non-constant holomorphic map f from the complex plane to M.Nevanlinna theory addresses the question of the distribution of values of a holomorphic curve in the complex projective line. | Holomorphic curve | 0.777236 |
98,616 | The term disruptive technologies was coined by Clayton M. Christensen and introduced in his 1995 article Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave, which he cowrote with Joseph Bower. The article is aimed at both management executives who make the funding or purchasing decisions in companies, as well as the research c... | Sustaining innovation | 0.777236 |
98,617 | Adequate knowledge creation and management come mainly from networking and distributed computing (one person, many computers). Each person's computer must form an access point to the entire computing landscape or ecology through the Internet of other computers, databases, and mainframes, as well as production, distribu... | Sustaining innovation | 0.777236 |
98,618 | In probability theory, a sub-Gaussian distribution is a probability distribution with strong tail decay. Informally, the tails of a sub-Gaussian distribution are dominated by (i.e. decay at least as fast as) the tails of a Gaussian. This property gives sub-Gaussian distributions their name. Formally, the probability di... | Sub-Gaussian norm | 0.777235 |
98,619 | Environmental influences may also cause, or interact with genetics to produce, orofacial clefts. An example of the link between environmental factors and genetics comes from a research on mutations in the gene PHF8. The research found that PHF8 encodes for a histone lysine demethylase, and is involved in epigenetic reg... | Cleft lip | 0.777235 |
98,620 | The biologic mechanisms of mutual recognition of the two cabinets, and the way they are glued together, are quite complex and obscure despite intensive scientific research.Orofacial clefts may be associated with a syndrome (syndromic) or may not be associated with a syndrome (nonsyndromic). Syndromic clefts are part of... | Cleft lip | 0.777235 |
98,621 | Senechal, Marjorie (1996). Quasicrystals and geometry. Cambridge University Press. | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,622 | "Book Review: Quasicrystals and geometry" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 43 (4): 416–421. | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,623 | (2000). "Dürer-Kepler-Penrose: the development of pentagonal tilings". Materials Science and Engineering. | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,624 | "On aperiodic sets of Wang tiles". Foundations of Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,625 | (1988). "Minimal chaos, stochastic web and structures of quasicrystal symmetry". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,626 | The aesthetic value of tilings has long been appreciated, and remains a source of interest in them; hence the visual appearance (rather than the formal defining properties) of Penrose tilings has attracted attention. The similarity with certain decorative patterns used in North Africa and the Middle East has been noted... | Penrose tiling | 0.777235 |
98,627 | Since Kane's proposal, under the guidance of Robert Clark and now Michelle Simmons, pursuing realisation of the Kane quantum computer has become the primary quantum computing effort in Australia. Theorists have put forward a number of proposals for improved readout. Experimentally, atomic-precision deposition of phosph... | Kane quantum computer | 0.777234 |
98,628 | In 1996, Robertson, Seymour, Thomas, and Daniel P. Sanders published a new proof of the four color theorem, confirming the Appel–Haken proof which until then had been disputed. Their proof also leads to an efficient algorithm for finding 4-colorings of planar graphs. In 2006, Robertson, Seymour, Thomas, and Maria Chudn... | Neil Robertson (mathematician) | 0.777233 |
98,629 | Robertson is known for his work in graph theory, and particularly for a long series of papers co-authored with Paul Seymour and published over a span of many years, in which they proved the Robertson–Seymour theorem (formerly Wagner's Conjecture). This states that families of graphs closed under the graph minor operati... | Neil Robertson (mathematician) | 0.777233 |
98,630 | Robertson has won the Fulkerson Prize three times, in 1994 for his work on the Hadwiger conjecture, in 2006 for the Robertson–Seymour theorem, and in 2009 for his proof of the strong perfect graph theorem.He also won the Pólya Prize (SIAM) in 2004, the OSU Distinguished Scholar Award in 1997, and the Waterloo Alumni Ac... | Neil Robertson (mathematician) | 0.777233 |
98,631 | George Neil Robertson (born November 30, 1938) is a mathematician working mainly in topological graph theory, currently a distinguished professor emeritus at the Ohio State University. | Neil Robertson (mathematician) | 0.777233 |
98,632 | Multicellular organisms fare poorly. Eventually an equilibrium of micro-organisms is established. Make magazine Volume 10 contained instructions for creating a self-contained fresh-water "biosphere", which contained a freshwater amano shrimp, snails, amphipods, ostracods, copepods, rigid hornwort, duckweed, pond scum (... | Ecosphere (aquarium) | 0.777233 |
98,633 | Intervention to maintain good water quality allows a larger number of shrimp to live in the open system than can survive in the relatively poor quality closed environment. Freshwater closed systems are often attempted by nature hobbyists and as experimental projects or demonstrations for biology classes. These require ... | Ecosphere (aquarium) | 0.777233 |
98,634 | Research on closed ecosystems was initiated by Vladimir Vernadsky's 1926 book The Biosphere and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the 1950s and 1960s in Russia, culminating in the manned closed BIOS-3 facility, a 315 cubic meter habitat located at the Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. Frieda Taub reviewed work fro... | Ecosphere (aquarium) | 0.777233 |
98,635 | Suppose that X is a smooth complex algebraic variety. Riemann–Hilbert correspondence (for regular singular connections): there is a functor Sol called the local solutions functor, that is an equivalence from the category of flat connections on algebraic vector bundles on X with regular singularities to the category of ... | Riemann–Hilbert correspondence | 0.777232 |
98,636 | The atomic mass of silicon. The atomic number of nickel. The fourth magic number in physics. The curing time of concrete is classically considered 28 days. The average human menstrual cycle is 28 days, although no link has been established with the nightlighting and the Moon. | 28 (number) | 0.777231 |
98,637 | If the four NOR gates are replaced by NAND gates, this results in an XOR gate, which can be converted to an XNOR gate by inverting the output or one of the inputs (e.g. with a fifth NAND gate). An alternative arrangement is of five NAND gates in a topology that emphasizes the construction of the function from ( A ⋅ B )... | XNOR gate | 0.77723 |
98,638 | As alternative, if different gates are available we can apply Boolean algebra to transform ( A + B ¯ ) ⋅ ( A ¯ + B ) ≡ ( A ⋅ B ) + ( A ¯ ⋅ B ¯ ) {\displaystyle (A+{\overline {B}})\cdot ({\overline {A}}+B)\equiv (A\cdot B)+({\overline {A}}\cdot {\overline {B}})} as stated above, and apply de Morgan's Law to the last ter... | XNOR gate | 0.77723 |
98,639 | A high output (1) results if both of the inputs to the gate are the same. If one but not both inputs are high (1), a low output (0) results. The algebraic notation used to represent the XNOR operation is S = A ⊙ B {\displaystyle S=A\odot B} . The algebraic expressions ( A + B ¯ ) ⋅ ( A ¯ + B ) {\displaystyle (A+{\overl... | XNOR gate | 0.77723 |
98,640 | In molecular biology, the BSD domain is an approximately 60-amino-acid-long protein domain named after the BTF2-like transcription factors, synapse-associated proteins and DOS2-like proteins in which it is found. It is also found in several hypothetical proteins. It occurs in one or two copies in a variety of species r... | BSD domain | 0.777228 |
98,641 | Industrialization propelled transformation of the economic system from agricultural age to modernized economies, and so informatization ushered the industrial age into an information-rich economy. Unlike the agricultural and industrial ages where economics refers to optimization of scarce resources, the information age... | Informatization | 0.777227 |
98,642 | In the analysis on manifolds, this index and its generalizations played a crucial role in the index theory of Atiyah and Singer, where the topological index of the manifold can be expressed via the index of elliptic operators on it. Later on, Brown, Douglas and Fillmore observed that the Fredholm index was the missing ... | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,643 | The higher K-functors are defined via a C*-version of the suspension: Kn(A) = K0(Sn(A)), where SA = C0(0,1) ⊗ A. However, by Bott periodicity, it turns out that Kn+2(A) and Kn(A) are isomorphic for each n, and thus the only groups produced by this construction are K0 and K1. The key reason for the introduction of K-the... | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,644 | Here, a vector bundle over a topological space X is associated to a projection in the C* algebra of matrix-valued—that is, M n ( C ) {\displaystyle M_{n}(\mathbb {C} )} -valued—continuous functions over X. Also, it is known that isomorphism of vector bundles translates to Murray-von Neumann equivalence of the associate... | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,645 | As a consequence of the periodicity theorem, it satisfies excision. This means that it associates to an extension of C*-algebras to a long exact sequence, which, by Bott periodicity, reduces to an exact cyclic 6-term-sequence. Operator K-theory is a generalization of topological K-theory, defined by means of vector bun... | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,646 | Operator K-theory resembles topological K-theory more than algebraic K-theory. In particular, a Bott periodicity theorem holds. So there are only two K-groups, namely K0, which is equal to algebraic K0, and K1. | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,647 | In mathematics, operator K-theory is a noncommutative analogue of topological K-theory for Banach algebras with most applications used for C*-algebras. | Operator K-theory | 0.777226 |
98,648 | If N {\displaystyle N} identical abelian anyons each with individual statistics α {\displaystyle \alpha } (that is, the system picks up a phase e i α {\displaystyle e^{i\alpha }} when two individual anyons undergo adiabatic counterclockwise exchange) all fuse together, they together have statistics N 2 α {\displaystyle... | Fusion of anyons | 0.777224 |
98,649 | Anyon fusion is the process by which multiple anyons behave as one larger composite anyon. Anyon fusion is essential to understanding the physics of non-abelian anyons and how they can be used in quantum information. | Fusion of anyons | 0.777224 |
98,650 | Non-abelian anyons have more complicated fusion relations. As a rule, in a system with non-abelian anyons, there is a composite particle whose statistics label is not uniquely determined by the statistics labels of its components, but rather exists as a quantum superposition (this is completely analogous to how two fer... | Fusion of anyons | 0.777224 |
98,651 | The 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Serge Haroche and David Wineland for their work on controlling quantum systems.Haroche was born 1944 in Casablanca, Morocco, and in 1971 gained a PhD from Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris. He shares half of the prize for developing a new field called cavity quant... | Cavity quantum electrodynamics | 0.777223 |
98,652 | This histogram is normalised to sum to unity, to form an estimate of the recurrence period density function P(T). The normalised entropy of this density: H n o r m = − ( ln T max ) − 1 ∑ t = 1 T max P ( t ) ln P ( t ) {\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {norm} }=-(\ln {T_{\max })}^{-1}\sum _{t=1}^{T_{\max }}P(t)\ln {P(t)}} i... | Recurrence period density entropy | 0.777222 |
98,653 | The RPDE method first requires the embedding of a time series in phase space, which, according to stochastic extensions to Taken's embedding theorems, can be carried out by forming time-delayed vectors: X n = {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} _{n}=} for each value xn in the time series, where M is the embedding dimension, an... | Recurrence period density entropy | 0.777222 |
98,654 | In statistics, the concordance correlation coefficient measures the agreement between two variables, e.g., to evaluate reproducibility or for inter-rater reliability. | Concordance correlation coefficient | 0.777221 |
98,655 | In January 1896, on reading of Röntgen's discovery, Frank Austin of Dartmouth College tested all of the discharge tubes in the physics laboratory and found that only the Pulyui tube produced X-rays. This was a result of Pulyui's inclusion of an oblique "target" of mica, used for holding samples of fluorescent material,... | X-ray image | 0.777218 |
98,656 | Radiography's origins and fluoroscopy's origins can both be traced to 8 November 1895, when German physics professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-ray and noted that, while it could pass through human tissue, it could not pass through bone or metal. Röntgen referred to the radiation as "X", to indicate that i... | X-ray image | 0.777218 |
98,657 | The neural network training is stopped dynamically before entering into the overlearning regime, that is, so that the PDFs learn the physical laws which underlie experimental data without fitting simultaneously statistical noise. Once the training of the MC replicas has been completed, a set of statistical estimators c... | NNPDF | 0.777216 |
98,658 | The NNPDF approach can be divided into four main steps: The generation of a large sample of Monte Carlo replicas of the original experimental data, in a way that central values, errors and correlations are reproduced with enough accuracy. The training (minimization of the χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} ) of a set of PDF... | NNPDF | 0.777216 |
98,659 | NNPDF is the acronym used to identify the parton distribution functions from the NNPDF Collaboration. NNPDF parton densities are extracted from global fits to data based on a combination of a Monte Carlo method for uncertainty estimation and the use of neural networks as basic interpolating functions. | NNPDF | 0.777216 |
98,660 | To do this, we first calculate the reciprocals at each vertex of our geometry (3 points for a triangle). For vertex n {\displaystyle n} we have u n z n , v n z n , 1 z n {\displaystyle {\frac {u_{n}}{z_{n}}},{\frac {v_{n}}{z_{n}}},{\frac {1}{z_{n}}}} . Then, we linearly interpolate these reciprocals between the n {\dis... | Texture map | 0.777214 |
98,661 | The Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO) is a Nepali learning community of professional astronomers and other interested individuals headquartered in Kathmandu. Its primary objective is to promote the advancement of astronomy, astrophysics and other closely related branches of science through various outreach and educatio... | Nepal Astronomical Society | 0.777214 |
98,662 | There is a debate about a potentially critical need for new ways of economic accounting, including directly monitoring and quantifying positive real-world environmental effects such as air quality improvements and related unprofitable work like forest protection, alongside far-reaching structural changes of lifestyles ... | Economics of climate change mitigation | 0.777214 |
98,663 | EIB loans to the sustainable blue economy totalled €6.7 billion between 2018 and 2022, generating €23.8 billion in investments, and €2.8 billion in maritime renewable energy. In the same timeframe, the Bank granted around €881 million to assist in the management of wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste to decrease po... | Economics of climate change mitigation | 0.777214 |
98,664 | HDDA-derived benzynes have also been shown to dehydrogenate saturated alkanes to form alkenes. In the absence of external trapping reagents, the benzyne intermediate can abstract vicinal (chemistry) hydrogen atoms from a suitable donor, often the reaction solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran or cyclooctane). This desaturat... | Hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction | 0.777214 |
98,665 | This reactive intermediate (denoted by brackets) subsequently reacts with a generalized trapping reagent that consists of a nucleophilic (Nu-) and electrophilic (El-) site, giving the benzenoid product shown. The o-benzyne intermediate can be visualized in the two resonance (chemistry) forms illustrated above. The most... | Hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction | 0.777214 |
98,666 | The HDDA reaction can fulfill several principles of green chemistry. Atom Economy – All of the atoms in the HDDA substrate remain in the product after the reaction and atoms of the trapping reagent are incorporated into the product. Reduced Waste – Formation of the benzyne species produces no stoichiometric byproducts.... | Hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction | 0.777214 |
98,667 | In 2006 Hanspeter Kraft gave a proof of Joubert's theorem "based on an enhanced version of Joubert’s argument". In 2014 Zinovy Reichstein proved that the condition characteristic( K {\displaystyle K} ) ≠ 2 is necessary in general to prove the theorem, but the theorem's conclusion can be proved in the characteristic 2 c... | Joubert's theorem | 0.777213 |
98,668 | In polynomial algebra and field theory, Joubert's theorem states that if K {\displaystyle K} and L {\displaystyle L} are fields, L {\displaystyle L} is a separable field extension of K {\displaystyle K} of degree 6, and the characteristic of K {\displaystyle K} is not equal to 2, then L {\displaystyle L} is generated o... | Joubert's theorem | 0.777213 |
98,669 | György Paál (1934–1992) in the late 1950s studied the quasar and galaxy cluster distributions, in 1970 from redshift quantization came up with the idea that the Universe might have nontrivial topological structure Thanu Padmanabhan (1957–2021) studied quantum gravity and quantum cosmology Leonard Parker (1938–) establi... | List of cosmologists | 0.777213 |
98,670 | Ali Qushji (1403–1474) challenged Aristotelian physics, in particular presenting empirical evidence against a stationary Earth, and may have influenced Copernicus | List of cosmologists | 0.777213 |
98,671 | Robert M. Wald (1947–) wrote a popular textbook on general relativity, studied the thermodynamics of black holes and created an axiomatic formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Arthur Geoffrey Walker (1909–2001) developed the standard model of general relativity and studied the mathematics of relativi... | List of cosmologists | 0.777213 |
98,672 | Ofer Lahav (1959–) studied dark matter and dark energy Tod R. Lauer (1957–) catalogued massive black holes at galaxy centers and correlated their mass with other properties of the galaxies' structures Georges Henri Lemaître (1894–1966) proposed the big bang theory and the distance-redshift relation Janna Levin (1967–) ... | List of cosmologists | 0.777213 |
98,673 | Lisa Randall (1962-) contributed to Randall–Sundrum models, which describe the world in terms of a warped geometry higher-dimensional universe Martin Rees (1942–) proposed that quasars are powered by black holes, disproved steady state by studying distribution of quasars Yoel Rephaeli used the distortion of the cosmic ... | List of cosmologists | 0.777213 |
98,674 | In mathematics, Gelfand–Fuks cohomology, introduced in (Gel'fand & Fuks 1969–70), is a cohomology theory for Lie algebras of smooth vector fields. It differs from the Lie algebra cohomology of Chevalley-Eilenberg in that its cochains are taken to be continuous multilinear alternating forms on the Lie algebra of smooth ... | Gelfand–Fuks cohomology | 0.777211 |
98,675 | To cite a work of the Corpus Aristotelicum or part thereof, Bekker numbers may be combined with book, chapter, and line numbers to give a precise reference. By academic convention, and regardless of the citation style otherwise generally followed throughout an academic work, the pagination in a citation to Aristotle wo... | Bekker numbers | 0.777209 |
98,676 | The works surviving only in fragments include the dialogues On Philosophy (or On the Good), Eudemus (or On the Soul), On Justice, and On Good Birth. The possibly spurious work, On Ideas survives in quotations by Alexander of Aphrodisias in his commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics. For the dialogues, see also the editi... | Bekker numbers | 0.777209 |
98,677 | In light of this, some districts had developed plans for limited hybrid events. For example, FIRST Chesapeake, which runs events in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., had plans for events that would have taken place in March and April. After completing a review of health measures and COVID statistics, FIRST anno... | Infinite Recharge (2021) | 0.777209 |
98,678 | Infinite Recharge (stylized in all caps) is the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) game for the 2021 season. The season is in partnership with Lucasfilm as part of its Star Wars: Force for Change initiative. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 season is the first season in history to begin with no events scheduled, wi... | Infinite Recharge (2021) | 0.777209 |
98,679 | In molecular biology, the Btk-type zinc finger or Btk motif (BM) is a conserved zinc-binding motif containing conserved cysteines and a histidine that is present in certain eukaryotic signalling proteins. The motif is named after Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), an enzyme which is essential for B cell maturation in huma... | Btk-type zinc finger | 0.777208 |
98,680 | In radio astronomy, a fast radio burst (FRB) is a transient radio pulse of length ranging from a fraction of a millisecond to 3 seconds, caused by some high-energy astrophysical process not yet understood. Astronomers estimate the average FRB releases as much energy in a millisecond as the Sun puts out in three days. W... | Fast Radio Burst | 0.777207 |
98,681 | On 13 December 2022, over a hundred bursts from FRB 220912A were reported by the Upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT), operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in India. On 21 December 2022, several more bright bursts of FRB 220912A using the Weste... | Fast Radio Burst | 0.777207 |
98,682 | Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object (right figure). It may also describe other motions such as precession or nutation of an object's rotational axis. Prograde or direct motion is more ... | Retrograde Orbit | 0.777207 |
98,683 | In theoretical physics, the Vafa–Witten theorem, named after Cumrun Vafa and Edward Witten, is a theorem that shows that vector-like global symmetries (those that transform as expected under reflections) such as isospin and baryon number in vector-like gauge theories like quantum chromodynamics cannot be spontaneously ... | Vafa-Witten theorem | 0.7772 |
98,684 | After Hilbert's tenth problem was solved in 1970, B. F. Caviness observed that the use of ex and ln 2 could be removed. Wang later noted that under the same assumptions under which the question of whether there was x with A(x) < 0 was insolvable, the question of whether there was x with A(x) = 0 was also insolvable.Mik... | Richardson's theorem | 0.777199 |
98,685 | Richardson's theorem can be stated as follows: Let E be a set of expressions that represent R → R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} } functions. Suppose that E includes these expressions: x (representing the identity function) ex (representing the exponential functions) sin x (representing the sin function) al... | Richardson's theorem | 0.777199 |
98,686 | In mathematics, Richardson's theorem establishes the undecidability of the equality of real numbers defined by expressions involving integers, π, ln 2 , {\displaystyle \ln 2,} and exponential and sine functions. It was proved in 1968 by mathematician and computer scientist Daniel Richardson of the University of Bath.... | Richardson's theorem | 0.777199 |
98,687 | Since the avoidance of knocking combustion is so important to development engineers, a variety of simulation technologies have been developed which can identify engine design or operating conditions in which knock might be expected to occur. This then enables engineers to design ways to mitigate knocking combustion whi... | Detonation internal combustion engine | 0.777199 |
98,688 | Lehra Fuel Tech Pvt Ltd is approved by Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), is one of the largest briquetting machine manufacturers from Ludhiana, India. In the African Great Lakes region, work on biomass briquette production has been spearheaded by a number of NGOs with Energy 4 Impact taking a lead in ... | Biomass briquettes | 0.777198 |
98,689 | Performance Materials concentrates on the production of specialised items, chiefly from precious metals and zinc. There are five business units: Building Products (the production of zinc-based items for the construction industry) Electroplating (organized in the daughter company Allgemeine Gold- und Silberscheideanstal... | Umicore | 0.777196 |
98,690 | Umicore's third business segment, its largest in terms of revenue, is composed of two subdivisions, Automotive Catalysts and Precious Metals Chemistry. In automotive catalysts, a field in which the company had begun research in 1968, the company ranks third in global market share behind BASF Catalysts (formerly Engelha... | Umicore | 0.777196 |
98,691 | John Dewey, a philosopher and educator based in Chicago and New York, helped conceptualize the role of American and international education during the first four decades of the 20th century. An important member of the American Pragmatist movement, he carried the subordination of knowledge to action into the educational... | Educational reform | 0.777194 |
98,692 | The Shreveport-Bossier Astronomical Society, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization and one of the oldest continuously meeting astronomy clubs in the United States of America. Originally named the Shreveport Junior Astronomical Society, it was founded in 1959 by a group of high school students led by a fellow stud... | Shreveport-Bossier Astronomical Society | 0.777193 |
98,693 | Membership in the SBAS is open to anyone 10 years of age or older, but only those of at least 16 years of age may vote and hold office. Members of all ages may participate in society activities. The society currently has a membership of more than 80 people. Society members contribute to the hobby of amateur astronomy v... | Shreveport-Bossier Astronomical Society | 0.777193 |
98,694 | Meetings are held at Louisiana State University in Shreveport on the third Saturday of every month in the Science Lecture Auditorium. Each meeting begins with a discussion of society business affairs followed by refreshments and good fellowship. The official astronomy program follows the business meeting. The December ... | Shreveport-Bossier Astronomical Society | 0.777193 |
98,695 | In Britain, a number of scientists considered whether an atomic bomb was practical. At the University of Liverpool, Chadwick and the Polish refugee scientist Joseph Rotblat tackled the problem, but their calculations were inconclusive. At Cambridge, Nobel Prize in Physics laureates George Paget Thomson and William Lawr... | Tube Alloys | 0.77719 |
98,696 | A subgroup of theoreticians was recruited and headed by a Czechoslovak physicist, George Placzek. Placzek proved to be a very capable group leader, and was generally regarded as the only member of the staff with the stature of the highest scientific rank and with close personal contacts with many key physicists involve... | Tube Alloys | 0.77719 |
98,697 | In April 1944, a Combined Policy Committee meeting in Washington agreed Canada would build a heavy water reactor. The Americans agreed to support the project with information and visits, and to supply materials, including vital uranium and heavy water. The Montreal Laboratory would be given access to data from the Meta... | Tube Alloys | 0.77719 |
98,698 | The laboratories at the University of Liverpool and the University of Oxford experimented with different types of isotope separation. Chadwick's group at Liverpool dealt with thermal diffusion, which worked based on the principle that different isotopes of uranium diffuse at different speeds because of the equipartitio... | Tube Alloys | 0.77719 |
98,699 | Once he returned to the United States, he was able to brief Vannevar Bush, the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), concerning the details discussed during the meeting.In August 1941, Mark Oliphant, the director of the physics department at the University of Birmingham and an original m... | Tube Alloys | 0.77719 |
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