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Chapter 8 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 176 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 177 Foundation Topics 179
Virtual LAN Concepts 179
Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 180 VLAN Tagging Concepts 181
The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 182 Forwarding Data Between VLANs 183
The Need for Routing Between VLANs 183 Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 184
VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 185 Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 185
VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 186 VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 189
VLAN Trunking Protocol 189 VLAN Trunking Configuration 191
Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones 196 Data and Voice VLAN Concepts 196
Data and Voice VLAN Configuration and Verification 198 Summary: IP Telephony Ports on Switches 200
Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks 200 Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled 201 Mismatched Trunking Operational States 202 The Supported VLAN List on Trunks 203 Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk 205
Chapter Review 205
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts 210 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 210 Foundation Topics 212
STP and RSTP Basics 212
The Need for Spanning Tree 213 What Spanning Tree Does 215 How Spanning Tree Works 216
The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU 218 Electing the Root Switch 218
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Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port 220
Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment 222 Configuring to Influence the STP Topology 223
Details Specific to STP (and Not RSTP) 224
STP Activity When the Network Remains Stable 224 STP Timers That Manage STP Convergence 225 Changing Interface States with STP 227
Rapid STP Concepts 228 Comparing STP and RSTP 229
RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role 230 RSTP States and Processes 232
RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role 233 RSTP Port Types 233
Optional STP Features 234 EtherChannel 234 PortFast 235
BPDU Guard 236 Chapter Review 236
Chapter 10 RSTP and EtherChannel Configuration 238 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 238 Foundation Topics 240
Understanding RSTP Through Configuration 240 The Need for Multiple Spanning Trees 241 STP Modes and Standards 242
The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 243
How Switches Use the Priority and System ID Extension 245 RSTP Methods to Support Multiple Spanning Trees 246 Other RSTP Configuration Options 247
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 247
Configuring a Manual Layer 2 EtherChannel 248 Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels 250
Physical Interface Configuration and EtherChannels 251 EtherChannel Load Distribution 253
Configuration Options for EtherChannel Load Distribution 254 The Effects of the EtherChannel Load Distribution Algorithm 255
Chapter Review 257
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xviii CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1
Part III Review 260
Part IV IPv4 Addressing 263
Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 264 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 264 Foundation Topics 266
Introduction to Subnetting 266
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 267 Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 267
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 268
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 268 Determining the Number of Subnets 270 Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 271 One Size Subnet Fits All—Or Not 272
Defining the Size of a Subnet 272 One Size Subnet Fits All 273
Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 274 One Mask for All Subnets, or More Than One 274
Make Design Choices 275
Choose a Classful Network 275 Public IP Networks 276
Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 276 Private IP Networks 278
Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 278 Choose the Mask 279
Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 279 Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 280 Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 281
Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 282 Masks and Mask Formats 282
Build a List of All Subnets 283 Plan the Implementation 284
Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 285 Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 286
Chapter Review 287
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Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 288 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 288 Foundation Topics 289
Classful Network Concepts 289
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 290
The Number and Size of the Class A, B, and C Networks 291 Address Formats 291
Default Masks 292
Number of Hosts per Network 293
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 293
Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 295 Practice with Classful Networks 296
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 296 Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 297
Chapter Review 298
Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 302
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 302 Foundation Topics 304
Subnet Mask Conversion 304 Three Mask Formats 304