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Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 305 Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 306 Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 308 Practice Converting Subnet Masks 309
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 309
Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts 311 Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 312 Classless and Classful Addressing 312
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 313 Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 315
Chapter Review 315
Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 320 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 320 Foundation Topics 322
Defining a Subnet 322
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 322 Subnet ID Concepts 324
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xx CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1
Subnet Broadcast Address 325 Range of Usable Addresses 325
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 326 Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 326
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 327 Binary Practice Problems 328
Shortcut for the Binary Process 330 Brief Note About Boolean Math 331 Finding the Range of Addresses 331
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 331 Analysis with Easy Masks 332 Predictability in the Interesting Octet 333 Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 334
Resident Subnet Example 1 334 Resident Subnet Example 2 335 Resident Subnet Practice Problems 336
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 336 Subnet Broadcast Example 1 337
Subnet Broadcast Example 2 337
Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 338 Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 338
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 338 Chapter Review 339
Part IV Review 344
Part V IPv4 Routing 347
Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers 348
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 348 Foundation Topics 350
Installing Cisco Routers 350 Installing Enterprise Routers 350
Cisco Integrated Services Routers 352 Physical Installation 353
Installing SOHO Routers 354
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xxi
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Router Interfaces 355 Accessing the Router CLI 355
Router Interfaces 356 Interface Status Codes 358
Router Interface IP Addresses 360
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 361 Router Auxiliary Port 362
Chapter Review 362
Chapter 16 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Static Routes 366 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 367
Foundation Topics 369 IP Routing 369
IPv4 Routing Process Reference 369 An Example of IP Routing 371
Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 372 Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 373 Routing Step 2: De-encapsulation of the IP Packet 373
Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 374 Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 375 Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 376
Configuring IP Addresses and Connected Routes 376 Connected Routes and the ip address Command 376 The ARP Table on a Cisco Router 378
Configuring Static Routes 379 Static Network Routes 379 Static Host Routes 381 Floating Static Routes 381 Static Default Routes 383
Troubleshooting Static Routes 384
Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IP Routing Table 385
The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IP Routing Table 385 The Correct Static Route Appears but Works Poorly 386
IP Forwarding with the Longest Prefix Match 386 Using show ip route to Find the Best Route 386
Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route 388 Interpreting the IP Routing Table 388
Chapter Review 390
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xxii CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1
Chapter 17 IP Routing in the LAN 392
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 393 Foundation Topics 395
VLAN Routing with Router 802.1Q Trunks 395 Configuring ROAS 396
Verifying ROAS 398 Troubleshooting ROAS 400
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch SVIs 401 Configuring Routing Using Switch SVIs 401 Verifying Routing with SVIs 403 Troubleshooting Routing with SVIs 404
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch Routed Ports 406 Implementing Routed Interfaces on Switches 407 Implementing Layer 3 EtherChannels 410 Troubleshooting Layer 3 EtherChannels 413
Chapter Review 414
Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing 418 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 418 Foundation Topics 419
Problem Isolation Using the ping Command 419 Ping Command Basics 419
Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command 420 Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem 421 Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route 423
Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 425 Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping 426 Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 427
Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses 427 Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command 428
traceroute Basics 429
How the traceroute Command Works 429 Standard and Extended traceroute 431
Telnet and SSH 432
Common Reasons to Use the IOS Telnet and SSH Client 432 IOS Telnet and SSH Examples 433
Chapter Review 435
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