question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Which of the following is the most common cause of insulin resistance? | [
"Obesity",
"Post receptor defects",
"Liver dysfunction",
"Pancreatic dysfunction"
] | A | Obesity is probably the most common cause for insulin resistance. The risk for diabetes increases with BMI . It is not only the absolute amount but also the distribution of body fat that has an effect on insulin sensitivity. Central obesity(Abdoominal fat) is more likely to be linked than peripheral( gluteal fat). Obes... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most afferent fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual cortex is - | [
"Layer 1",
"Layer 2 & 3",
"Layer 4",
"Layer 5 & 6"
] | C | The axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus that form magnocellular pathway end in layer 4 of visual cortex, specifically in its deepest part, layer 4C. Many of the axons that form the parvocellular pathway also end in layer 4C. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Auer bodies are seen in -a) M1-AMLb) M3-AMLc) M6-AMLd) ALL | [
"ab",
"bc",
"c",
"d"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 42-year-old man presents with long-standing abdominal pain after meals, which is relieved by over-the-counter antacids. The patient has lost 9 kg (20 lb) in the past year. Physical examination reveals peripheral edema and ascites. Laboratory studies show decreased serum albumin but normal serum levels of transaminase... | [
"Atrophic gastritis",
"Enlarged rugal folds",
"Intestinal metaplasia",
"Multiple hemorrhagic ulcers"
] | B | Menetrier disease /Hyperplastic hypersecretory gastropathy Mean age 30-60 years Rare disorder associated with excessive secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-a, which is an EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand, and hyperactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor on gastric epithelial cells. Excessive EGFR activat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wood lamp is used to diagnose ? | [
"Psoriasis",
"Tinea versicolor",
"Pityriasis rosae",
"Erysipelas"
] | B | Ans. is b i.e., Tinea versicolor Diagnosis of TineaVersicolor Examination of scales in 10% KOH shows sho hyphae and round spores (Sphagetti and meat ball appearance). Wood lamp shows apple green fluorescence (blue-green fluorescence). Skin surface biopsy --> A Cyanoacrylate adhesive (Crazy glue) is used to remove the l... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hydrogen peroxide is used in all of the following chemical tests for blood except: | [
"Benzedine test",
"Phenophthalein test",
"Ohotoluidine test",
"Teichmann's test"
] | D | D i.e. Teichman's test | train | med_mcqa | null |
b2 agonist with a long duration of action is | [
"Salbutamol",
"Terbutaline",
"Salmeterol",
"Albuterol"
] | C | A new generation of long-acting b2- selective agonists includes salmeterol (a paial agonist) and formoterol (a full agonist). Both drugs are potent selective b2 agonists that achieve their long duration of action (12 hours or more) as a result of high lipid solubility. These drugs appear to interact with inhaled coicos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mid day meal programme was first launched in: | [
"West Bengal",
"Tamil Nadu",
"Gujrat",
"Delhi"
] | B | Mid.day meal programme was introduced in a large scale in 1960s under the chief ministership of K. Kamraj Nadar in Tamil Nadu. Ref: National Health Programmes in India, J.Kishore, 10th edition pg: 453 | train | med_mcqa | null |
NGS stands for | [
"Next Generation Sanger",
"Next Genetic Sequencing",
"Next Generation Sequencing",
"Next Generation Spatial Separation"
] | C | Newer DNA sequencing technology Capable of producing large amounts of sequence data in a parallel manner | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is pleuripotent stem cell ? | [
"Embryonic stem cell",
"Tissue stem cell",
"Adult stem cell",
"Hematopoietic stem cell"
] | A | Answer- A. Embryonic stem cellStem cellsEmbryonic stem cells : These are pleuripotent cellsAdutt stem cells | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ethambutol should be used very cautiously in childhood tuberculosis due to which of its side effect ? | [
"Ocular toxicity",
"Renal damage",
"Hepatotoxicity",
"Neurotoxicity"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Colon cut off sign in plain X-Ray of abdomen is seen in? | [
"Mesenteric ischemia",
"Intussusception",
"Acute pancreatitis",
"Acute cholangitis"
] | C | Abrupt termination of the gas within the colon at the level of the radiological splenic flexure is called colon cut off sign. Inflammatory infiltration of the phrenicocolic ligament leads to the spasm of the colon and lumen narrowing at the level where colon returns to retroperitoneum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of presbyopia – | [
"LASIK",
"Concave lens",
"Convex lens",
"Radial keratotomy"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Basic pathology in rickets – | [
"Defective bone matrix formation",
"Defect in mineralization",
"Defect in osteoid formation",
"All of the above"
] | B | To know the pathophysiology of rickets, one should know the structure of bone.
Bone consists of -
Protein matrix i.e. osteoid --> also known as unmineralized bone.
Mineral phase, principally composed of calcium and phosphate, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite.
In rickets osteoid (protein matrix) is formed normal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is TRUE regarding gastric emptying: | [
"Decreased by CCK.",
"Decreased by gastrin",
"Increased by secretin",
"Decreased by insulin."
] | A | A i.e. Decreased by CCK | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diameter of an adult crystalline lens is: | [
"5-6 mm",
"7-8 mm",
"9-10 mm",
"11-12 mm"
] | C | Ans. 11-12 mm | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about dysthyroid eye disease (grave's opthalmopathy) is | [
"Decreased power of divergence",
"Most common cause of U/L proptosis in",
"Extreme exopthalmos is usually seen in hypothyroidism",
"On looking upwards lower lid does not follow eye movements"
] | C | C. i.e. Extreme exopthalmos is usually seen in hypothyroidism A mild exopthalmos is associated with thyrotoxicosis and an extreme exopthalmos may be associated with any state of thyroid activity, but usually in hypothyroidism often after thyroidectomy.Q Dysthyroid / Graves-Opthalmopathy or Endocrine / Malignant-Exoptha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about great sphenous vein | [
"It begins at lateral end of dorsal venous arch",
"It runs anterior to medial malleolus",
"It is accomponied by sural nerve",
"Terminates into popliteal vein"
] | B | Ansis 'b' i.e., It runs anteiror to medial malleolus | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following group of lymph nodes receives lymphatics from the uterus except: | [
"External iliac",
"Internal iliac",
"Superficial inguinal",
"Deep inguinal"
] | D | The uterus does not drain into the deep inguinal lymph nodes. Ref:Snell's Clinical Anatomy, 7th Edition, Pages 392-94 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thyroid malignancies appear on USG as | [
"Hypoechoic",
"Anechoic",
"Hyperechoic",
"Isoechoic"
] | A | On sonography, thyroid tumors are solid,hypoechoic masses. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a branch of anterior trunk of vagus | [
"Motor nerve to gallbladder",
"Motor Nerve to pylorus.",
"Criminal nerve of grassi",
"Anterior nerve of latarjet"
] | C | Criminal nerve of grassi is a branch of posterior trunk. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Ghon's technique of autops, organs are removed | [
"As organ blocks",
"One by one",
"En - Masse",
"Not removed"
] | A | Refer the byte "Autopsy technique and types". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most sensitive method for detecting cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection? | [
"Direct fluorescent antibody test",
"Enzyme immunoassay",
"Polymerase chain reaction",
"Culture on irradiated McConkey cells"
] | C | PCR and LCR are both sensitive and specific methods for detecting cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Nucleic acid amplification test is the most sensitive method for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical samples (CDC2002). PCR is a method to amplify minute amounts of genetic material. The reac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fibroids in pregnancy should be removed : | [
"In pregnancy",
"During cesarean section",
"In the early puerperium",
"Should not be removed"
] | D | Should not be removed | train | med_mcqa | null |
CD - 95 in apoptosis; the death receptors initiated through - | [
"Induces apoptosis when it engaged by fas ligand system",
"Cytochrom C binds to a protein Apoptosis activating (Apaf -1) factor - 1",
"Apoptosis may be initiated by caspase activation",
"Apoptosis mediated through DNA damage"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Induces apoptosis when it engaged by fas ligand system | train | med_mcqa | null |
Statins are given at night because ? | [
"HMG-CoA reductase activity is maximum in midnight",
"Statins are maximally absorbed in night",
"Statins have more potency in night",
"Convenient for patient to remember"
] | A | Ans. is'a' i.e., HMG-CoA reductase actiyity is maximum in midnight(Ref: KDT 7/e p.637; Clinical pharmacology 3d/ep.939)Because HMG-CoA reductase activity is maximum at midnight, all statins are administered at bed time to obtain maximum effectiveness.However, this is not necessary for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, whi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lateral boundary of anatomical snuff box is formed by ? | [
"EPL",
"EPB",
"FPL",
"FPB"
] | B | EPB | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common side effect of IUCD which requires its removal | [
"Bleeding",
"Pain",
"Pelvic infection",
"Ectopic pregnancy"
] | B | Pain is the second major side effect leading to IUCD removal WHO estimates that 15-40 percent of the IUCD removal appears to be for pain only Pain may be experienced during the inseion and for a few days thereafter and during menstruation Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, Page no: 498 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following vitamin deficiency causes pellagra? | [
"Thiamine",
"Ascorbic acid",
"Nicotinic acid",
"Cyanocobalamine"
] | C | Ans. c (Nicotinic acid). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 14th ed., 463)NIACIN# Function: CoA enzyme in redox reactions.# 1 mg of niacin is formed from 60 mg of tryptophan.# Deficiency: Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death if untreated).# Hartnup disease, malignant carcinoid syndrome and INH therapy may also cau... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Marker for B lymphocytes | [
"CD34",
"CD33",
"CD19",
"CD20"
] | B | Ref immunology by Roitt 6/e p 29; 30; 19 ;9/e p191 CD 19,20,22 are main markers of human B cells .othersB cell markers are CD72 and CD78 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Typical bodies in Bronchial mucosa from Sputum of Patient is seen in | [
"Bronchial asthma",
"Emphysema",
"Chronic bronchitis",
"Bronchiectasis"
] | A | Bronchial asthma (Body shown: Creola body) | train | med_mcqa | null |
In case of gout preservation of urine sample is done in- | [
"Normal saline",
"Fonnaline",
"Alcohol",
"Distilled water"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lymphoid tissue is seen in which parotid tumor | [
"Wahins tumor",
"Adenoid cystic",
"Mucoepidermoid",
"Pleomorphic adenoma"
] | A | wahin tumor is a benign and second most common salivary gland neoplasm. it almost exclusively arises in the parotid gland Microscopy: cystic spaces are embedded in a dense lymphoid stroma which closely resembles a normal lymph node. Lymphoid tissue is prominent with germinal centres and is composed of B and few T cells... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 9 year old child disturbs other people, is destructive, interferes with the people are talking, does not follow instructions and cannot wait for his turn while playing a game. He is likely to be suffering from: March 2013 (h) | [
"Emotional disorder",
"Behavioural problem",
"No disorder",
"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/ ADHD Easy distractibility/poor attention span, Impulsivity, Methyl-phenidylate and Atom-oxetiene are used in management | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uric acid is formed in humans in - | [
"Liver",
"GIT mucosa",
"Kidney",
"Joints"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e.,GIT mucosa Uric acid is produced in intestinal mucosal cells from dietary purines.The sources of purine nucleotides in the body are :?Synthesis of purine rings by body itself.Presense of purines in diet (dietary purines).this the usual source of purines also pyrimidines for the use of body.Human body i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is false regarding Spaulding's criteria? | [
"Non critical items require only decontamination",
"Semi critical items are those which come in contact with mucous membrane or non intact skin",
"Semi critical items need low level disinfection",
"Cardiac catheters are examples of critical items"
] | C | Semitcritical items need low level disinfection . Non Critical - Objects that touch only intact skin require low-level disinfection processing; noncritical items are divided into noncritical patient care items and noncritical environmental surfaces. Critical Semicritical Noncritical Sterilization High-level disinfectio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Marker enzyme of mitochondria are/is - | [
"Na+ – K+ ATPase",
"Glutamate dehydrogenase",
"Lactate dehydrogenase",
"No specific enzyme"
] | B | Markers of Plasma membrane - 5 '-Nucleotidase, Adenylyl cyclase, Na+ K+ ATPase
Marker of Endoplasmic reticulum- Glucose-6-phosphatase
Markers of Golgi apparatus- GlcNAc transferase
Golgi mannosidase
Galactosyltransferase, Sialyltransferase
Marker of Mitochondria- ATP synthase, Glutamate dehydrogenase
Marker of Pero... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is x-linked recessive - | [
"G-6-PD deficiency",
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Thalassemia",
"Alkaptonuria"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., G-6-PD deficiencyX-linked Recessive disordersMusculoskeletalHematologicalImmuneMetabolicNervouso Duchene muscular dystrophyo Chronic granulomatous diseaseo Hemophilia A & Bo G-6-PD deficiencyo Agammaglobulinemiao Wiskott-Aldrich synd.o Diabetes insipiduso Lesch Nyhan syndromeo Fragile-X-syndromeo Colo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Haemorrhage at macular spot in high myopia is called: | [
"Lacquer's lines",
"Foster-Fuchs fleck",
"Dalen-Fuchs nodules",
"Berlin's oedema"
] | B | Ans. Foster-Fuchs fleck | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest sensation to be lost in Hansens disease is:(1994) | [
"Pain",
"Touch",
"Vibration",
"Temperature"
] | B | Ans. bRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 242 & 18th ed, p. 252 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle which dilates the palpebral apeure: | [
"Orbicularis oculi",
"Orbicularis oris",
"Levator palpebrae superioris",
"Levator labii superioris"
] | C | The levator palpebrae superioris muscle elevates and retracts the upper eyelid. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are common problems in preschool children except ___________ | [
"Temper tantrums",
"Sleep problems",
"Truancy",
"Pica"
] | C | Truancy and running away are never developmentally appropriate. Truancy may represent disorganization within the home, caretaking needs of younger siblings, developing conduct problems, or emotional problems including depression or anxiety. Whereas younger children may threaten to run away out of frustration or a desir... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most commonly injured nerve in Incision shown | [
"Ilioinguinal nerve",
"Iliohypogastric nerve",
"Subcostal nerve",
"11th Thoracic nerve"
] | B | Ilia hypogastric nerve (McBumey's incision) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Natural killer cells attacks which of the following cells - | [
"Cells which express MHC 1",
"Cells which are not able to express MHC 1",
"MHC cells which express MHC 2",
"Cells which are not able to express MHC"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cells which are not able to expres MHC I Null cells (Large granular lymphocytes) o Null cells are called so because they lack features of surface markers of both B and T lymphocytes. o The account for 5 to 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. o They are also called "large granular lymphocytes (LGL)" a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The typical appearance of 'Granulation tissue' is due to | [
"Thrombosed capillaries",
"Budding ends of capillaries",
"Densely packed collagen",
"Chronic inflammatory cells"
] | B | The term granulation tissue derives from its pink, so, granular appearance on the surface of wounds, and the characteristic histological features include the formation of the new vessels (angiogenesis) with budding ends of capillaries and proliferation of fibroblast. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statements regarding halothane are all of the following except:- | [
"Unsuitable for pediatric population",
"Potentiates competitive neuromuscular blockers",
"Hepatitis may occur",
"Contraindicated in patients with cardiac arrhythmia"
] | A | Halothane It is a good anaesthetic but very poor analgesic agent. It can cause hepatitis on repeated use. It can also result in malignant hypehermia, which can be treated with dantrolene. It can result in post-anaesthetic chills and shivering. Pethidine is used for treatment of this condition. Halothane relaxes the ute... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest cause of acute folliculitis (hair follicle infection) is | [
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Beta hemolytic streptococcus",
"Propionibacterium acnes",
"Streptococcus viridans"
] | A | Acute folliculitis are of two types: superficial and deep. The most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Superficial folliculitis is also caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Reference : page 41 IADVL's Concise Textbook of Dermatology | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best anaesthesia for status Asthmaticus is : | [
"Thiopentone",
"Ether",
"Ketamine",
"N2O"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Ketamine Ketamine causes Sympathetic stimulation which leads to Bronchodilatation so it is the anaesthetic of choice for Status Asthmaticus.It is more potent Bronchodilator than HalothaneAlso knowMuscle Relaxant of Choice in Asthma pancuronium*Muscle Relaxant to be avoided in Asthma - Metocurine & Succ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Extent of etching should be: | [
"0.2 mm beyond the preparation",
"0.5 mm beyond the preparation",
"1.0 mm beyond the preparation",
"Any of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
75% Lymph from breast goes to - | [
"Axillary L.N.",
"Subciavicular L.N,",
"Internal mammary' L.N.",
"Cephalic L.N."
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Axillary L.N. Lymph from Breast drains into the following lymph nodes|||Axillary nodesInternal mammary or ParasternalOthers like# Receives approx 75% of the drainage & are arranged in the following groups ;# Lateral# Anterior# Posterior a Central# Inerpectoral# Apical # Supracalvicular# Cephalic (delt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of thyroid storm includes all, EXCEPT - | [
"Propranolol",
"Radioactive iodine",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Lugol' s iodine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of Choice for absence seizure in children < 3 years of age is | [
"Ethosuximide",
"Carbamazepine",
"Lamtrigine",
"Phenytain"
] | A | Answer- A. EthosuximideEthosuximide is the DOC for absence seizures in children below 3 years of age as Na valproate may cause fulminant hepatitis in children below 3 years of age. Broadly. Na valproate is the DOC for absence seizures. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica differs from Entamoeba coli, in the following except- | [
"Size 6 to 15 microns",
"Nuclei are 1 to 4 in number",
"Karyosome is central in position",
"Chromatid bars seen"
] | D | cyst E.histolytica E.coli size 6-15micrometre 15-20 micrometre nucleus 1 to 4,central karyosome 1 to 8 ,eccentric karyosome chromatid bars rounded filamentous TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY,BAVEJA,3RD EDITION,PAGE NO 22 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Runners fracture occurs in which bone? | [
"Fibula",
"Femur",
"Tibia",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. (a) FibulaRef: Rockwood 7th ed. ch.: 19 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient was advised Treadmill test, but he had lost both his limbs and then he was advised a stress test. The drug used for this test is: | [
"Dopexamine",
"Dopamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dipevefrine"
] | C | Uses of dobutamine Sho-term treatment of cardiac decompensation that may occur after cardiac surgery or in patients with congestive hea failure or acute myocardial infarction An infusion of dobutamine in combination with echocardiography is useful in noninvasive assessment of patients with coronary aery disease Stressi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old male had an outing with his friends and developed fever of 38.5degC, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting after eating chicken salad 24 h back. Two of his friends developed the same symptoms. The diagnosis is: FMGE 08 | [
"Salmonella enteritis poisoning",
"Bacillus cereus poisoning",
"Staphylococcus aureus poisoning",
"Vibrio cholera poisoning"
] | A | Ans. Salmonella enteritis poisoning | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person has history of steatorrhoea of long duration. D-sylose was ordered. 5 hour urine sample show <4.5 g excretion after giving 25g D-xylose. What is/are the probable diagnosis | [
"Celiac disease",
"Pancreatitis",
"Blind loop syndrome",
"Heal disease"
] | A | Coeliac disease or celiac disease is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine.Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Meyer cotton Grading system used for | [
"Laryngocoele",
"Subglottic stenosis",
"Laryngomolocia",
"TB larynx"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Example of metallo enzyme is ? | [
"Lysyl oxidase",
"Lysyl hydroxylase",
"Prolyl hydroxylase",
"Glucosyl transferase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lysyl oxidaseLysyl oxidase is a metalloenzyme (copper containing | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with decreased levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone presents with delayed pubey. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis - | [
"Klinfelter's syndrome",
"Kallman's syndrome",
"Androgen Insensitive syndrome",
"Testicular Infection"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Kallman's syndrome Kallman's syndrome is an X-Linked disorder characterized by deficiency of GnRH with a resultant decrease in FSH and LH levels producing an isolated Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism. Kallman's syndrome may be seen in both men and women but is more common in men. It is typically also as... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Perifascicular atropy of muscle fibres is seen in - | [
"Steroid myopathy",
"Dermatomyositis",
"Inclusion body myositis",
"Nemaline myopathy"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dermatomyositis o Dermatomyositis is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin. o It is a systemic disorder that may also affect the joints, the esophagus, the lungs, and, less commonly, the hea. o On the muscle biopsy, there ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cataplexy is characterized by? | [
"Hypnopompic hallucinations",
"Nocturnal penile tumescence",
"Decreased muscle tone",
"Somnambulism"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Decreased muscle tone * Cataplexy is the most common accessory symptom of Narcolepsy and is characterized by sudden decrease in muscle tone, either, local or generalized. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following conditions cannot be assessed by a cephalogram: | [
"Mandibular Lateral asymmetry",
"Vertical facial discrepancy",
"Increase posterior height",
"Decreased anterior height"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug induced lupus can be identified by- | [
"Anti-histone antibodies",
"Double stranded DNA antibodies",
"Antinuclear antibodies",
"Anti-SM antibodies"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The surface marking of the arch of aoa is as follows | [
"Behind the manubrium sterni",
"2nd intercostal space",
"3rd intercostal space",
"Left 2nd costal cailage"
] | A | ARCH OF AOA It lies behind the lower half of the manubrium sterni.Its upper convex border is marked by a line which begins at the right end of the sternal angle,arches upwards and to the left through the centre of the manubrium and ends at the sternal end of the left second costal cailage.Note that the beginning and en... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prussak's space is bounded below by | [
"Fibers of lateral malleolar fold",
"Shrapnell's membrane",
"Sho process of malleus",
"Neck of malleus"
] | C | Anatomy of middle ear Boundaries of Prussak's space: Superior - Fibers of lateral malleolar fold Inferior - Sho process of malleus Lateral - Shrapnell's membrane Medial - Neck of malleus Ref : Diseases of ENT by Dhingra 6th edition Pgno : 449 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gonioscopy is used for | [
"Anterior chamber angle",
"Posterior chamber angle",
"Anterior surface of lens",
"Posterior chamber"
] | A | Gonioscopy describes the use of a goniolens in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye&;s cornea and iris. Reference: AK Khurana 7th Edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
The genetic mutation most commonly linked with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is: | [
"Mutation in sodium channel alpha 1 subunit",
"Mutation in paired like homeobox 2B gene",
"Mutation in outer dynein arm",
"All of the above"
] | B | b. Mutation in paired like homeobox 2B gene(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2148)Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) or Ondine curse is most commonly related to a PHOX2B fpaired-like homeobox 2B) mutation, which presents in the neonatal period and also associates with autonomic problems (Hirschsprung disease) and n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Decreased dietary intake of potassium is incriminated in leading to all except? | [
"Hypeension",
"Stroke",
"CHF",
"Diabetes mellitus"
] | D | Reduced dietary K+ are implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of hypeension hea failure, and stroke. For example, sho term K+ restriction in healthy humans and patients with essential hypeension induces Na+Cl-retention and hypeension. Correction of hypokalemia is paicularly impoant in hypeensive patients tre... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding lens of eye | [
"Ectoderm of origin",
"Avascular",
"Epithelium is single layer",
"All of the above"
] | D | LENS Transparent , Biconvex & crystalline structure placed in patellar fossa Develop from the surface ectoderm Lens transparency is due to Avascularity of the lens Epithelium is single layering Lens capsule semipermeable in character | train | med_mcqa | null |
The first trimester of pregnancy completes by | [
"10weeks",
"12weeks",
"13weeks",
"14weeks"
] | D | TrimestersIt has become customary to divide pregnancy into three equal epochs of approximately 3 calendar months. Historically, the first trimester extends through completion of 14 weeks, the second through 28 weeks, and the third includes the 29th through 42nd weeks of pregnancy. Thus, there are three periods of 14 we... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Klebsiella pneumonia is | [
"Lobar pneumonia with absent air bronchogram sign",
"Involves lower lobe predominantly",
"Cavitation is common",
"Pleural effusion is not commonly seen"
] | C | Klebsiella pneumonia :
Air bronchogram sign positive.
Involves upper lobe.
Cavitations and pleural effusion is common. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Interpeducular fossa contains all except : | [
"Mammiallary bodies",
"Posterior perforated substance",
"Occulomotor nerve",
"Opthalmic nerve"
] | D | D i.e. Ophthalmic nerve | train | med_mcqa | null |
Loss of pulmonary surfactant in premature infant – | [
"Pulmonary edema",
"Collapse of alveoli",
"Elastic recoil of lungs",
"All of these"
] | D | Effects of surfactant deficiency
Decreased compliance --> Increased elastic recoil
Atelectasis
Interstitial edema
Hyaline membrane formation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a mood stabilizer? | [
"Lithium",
"Haloperidol",
"Amitriptyline",
"Diazepam"
] | A | Ans: a (Lithium) Ref:Katzung, 10th ed, p 455Lithium carbonate is often referred to as an "antimanic" drug, and is considered a "mood-stabilizing" agent because of its primary action of preventing mood swings in patients with bipolar affective (manic-depressive) disorder. Concentrations considered to be effective and ac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
TB infection is due to deletion of which of the following genes? | [
"ATG5",
"BCL-2",
"PTEN",
"P-53"
] | A | ATG 5 Gene isresponsible for controlling function of macrophages which leads to autophagy . Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades ceain intracellular contents in both physiological and pathological conditions. Autophagy-related proteins (ATG) are key players in this pathway, among which ATG5 is indispen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
TF/P ratio for PCT for many substances are shown in diagram below. Which of them represents urea? | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | B | Ans. B. 2Line 1: Not reabsorbed or actively secreted in PCT e.g. PAH, Creatinine, Inulin.Line 2: Freely filtered and poorly reabsorbed like UreaLine 3: no change in concentration along PCTLine 4: Bicarbonate: 90% is reabsorbed in PCT decreasing its tubular fluid concentration Line5: Solute fully reabsorbed in PCT like ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not a feature of the posterior urethral valve – | [
"Palpable bladder",
"Painful stress incontinence",
"Recurrent UTI",
"Hydronephrosis"
] | B | Back pressure in posterior urethral valve causes hydronephrosis and distended bladder.
There is thin urinary stream and urinary stasis causes recurrent UM. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following modification occurs in Gs subunit which leads to watery diarrhea in cholera | [
"ADP ribosylation",
"ATP-ADP transfer",
"Phosphorylation",
"Dephosphorylation"
] | A | A i.e. ADP ribosylation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which vaccine among the following options is not kept in the freezer component in Cold Chain | [
"OPV",
"Measles",
"DPT",
"Rubella"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., DPT o A vaccine which must be stored in the cold part but never allowed to freeze. # Typhoid # DPT # TT # Hepatitis B # DT # BCG # Diluents Important facts- o All vaccines are usually stored (for routine storage) in the refrigerator (ILR), i.e. at +2 to +8degC (even OPV). o But OPV is stored in the fr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of choice for vocal nodule is | [
"Radical excision",
"Microlaryngoscopic removal",
"Cryotherapy",
"Wait and watch"
] | B | Treatment of vocal nodules Early cases of vocal nodules can be treated conservatively by educating the patient about the proper use of voice. With this treatment, many nodules in children disappear completely. Surgery is required for large nodules or nodules of long standing in adults. They are excised with precision u... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Paralysisof 3rd, 4th, 6th nerves with involvement of ophthalmicdivisionof5thnerve, localizes the lesion to | [
"Apex of orbit",
"Brainstem",
"Cavernous sinus",
"Base of skull"
] | C | Ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia causing diplopia occur due to 3rd, 4th & 6th cranial nerves.
6th nerve passes through cavernous sinus and others are related to the lateral wall of cavernous sinuses. | train | med_mcqa | null |
One gram of hemoglobin when fully saturated can com-bine with and carry___ ml of oxygen. | [
"0.39",
"1.39",
"13.9",
"139"
] | B | Ans. b (1.39). (Ref. Ganong Physiology 21st ed. 671)# Normal oxygen uptake is 250 mi/min# 1 gm of Hb carries 1.34 ml of oxygen# 02 dissociation curve is sigmoid in shape# The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, the curve relating percentage saturation of the O2-carrying power of hemoglobin to the P02, has a character... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Crypta magna is seen in | [
"Nasopharyngeal tonsil",
"Lingual tonsil",
"Tubal tonsil",
"Palatine tonsil"
] | D | APPLIED ANATOMY OF PALATINE (FAUCIAL) TONSILS Medial surface of the tonsil is covered by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium which dips into the substance of tonsil in the form of crypts. Openings of 12-15 crypts can be seen on the medial surface of the tonsil. One of the crypts, situated near the upper pa o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypoplastic defects in the enamel appears in radiographs as | [
"Brown spots running horizontally",
"Radiotucent areas",
"Sclerotic areas over the surface of a tooth",
"Radio opaque areas"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The plateau phase of Myocardial action potential is due to: | [
"Eflux of Na+",
"Influx of Ca++",
"Influx of K+",
"Closure of voltage gated K+ channels"
] | B | Influx of Ca++ | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 65-year-old gentleman is having tremors, rigidity and reduced mobility. He is likely to be benefited by? | [
"Bromocriptine",
"Alpha methyl dopa",
"Reserpine",
"Acyclovir"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bromocriptine o Major pathology in parkinsons disease is -Decrease in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.Increase in cholinergic activity:Two major strategies for the treatmentof parkinson's disease is | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following enzymes are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, except: | [
"Dehydrogenases",
"Hydrolases",
"Oxygenases",
"Peroxidases"
] | B | Hydrolases does not belong to oxidoreductase family. Oxidoreductases are enzymes which catalyse the transfer of electrons from one molecule (reductant) to another molecule (oxidant). It plays a major role in biodegradation pathways. Enzymes present in oxidoreductase family are oxygenase, reductase, dehydrogenase and pe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
FALSE statement about the Streptococcus is: | [
"M protein is responsible for production of mucoid colonies",
"M protein is the major surface protein of group A streptococci",
"Mucoid colonies are virulent",
"Endotoxin causes rash of scarlet fever"
] | A | Strains with well marked capsules produce mucoid colonies. Streptococcus pyogenes can be typed based on surface proteins to M,T,R. M protein is most impoant of these. It act as a virulence factor by inhibiting phagocytosis. It is antigenic and antibody to this promotes phagocytosis of coccus. M protein is heat labile a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chances of an offspring being affected when one parent is autosomal dominant heterozygote ? | [
"25%",
"50%",
"100%",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 50% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Baonella quintana causes: | [
"Trench fever",
"Scrub typhus",
"Endemic typhus",
"Epidemic typhus"
] | A | Ans. is. 'a' i. e., Trench fever | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are true about measles- | [
"It is an RNA virus",
"Causes Koplik's spots on the conjunctiva",
"Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis is a known features",
"All the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Unilateral proptosis with bilateral VIth nerve palsy, diagnosis is: | [
"Grave's disease",
"Retinoblastoma",
"Pseudotumour of orbit",
"Cavernous sinus thrombosis"
] | D | D i.e. Cavernous sinus thrombosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common vascular tumor in AIDS patient is | [
"Kaposi's sarcoma",
"Angiosarcoma",
"Lymphangioma",
"Lymphoma"
] | A | Ref Robbins 8/e 523_524 KS is caused by a virus called human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). KS develops when infected cells that line lymph or blood vessels begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Whereas most cancers begin in one pa ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bulls eye type of appearance in I.0.P.A is seen in | [
"Lingually placed mandibular III molar",
"Buccally placed mandibular III molar",
"Inverted mandibular III molar",
"Disto angular impaction"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Distance between x-ray source and film cassette should be: | [
"60 inches",
"50 inches",
"65 Inches",
"55 inches"
] | C | 3 distances
x ray source – midsaggital : 5 Feet : 60” : 152.4 cm
mid saggital – film cassettes : 15 cm Acc to Jacobson
18 cm = 7” = Gurkeerat sing
x – ray source – film casetes : 176 ~ 170 cm
around 66” | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene? | [
"Cl. histolyticum",
"Cl. novyi",
"Cl. septicum",
"Cl. perfringens"
] | D | Clostridium perfringens is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene. Gas gangrene: Established agents: C. perfringens (Most Common, 60-80%) and C. novyi and C. septicum (20-40%). Probable agents: C. histolyticum, C. sporogenes, C. fallax, C. bifermentans, C. sordellii, C. aerofoetidum and C. teium. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ghotna is:- | [
"Heavy wooden log rolled on leg",
"Compressing the thighs with two roads",
"Tying the limps to the pole",
"Electric shock to genitalia"
] | A | Ghotna: Rolling a wooden log over the thighs up and down, while the log is weighed by one or two policemen standing on it Cattle prod: Electric shock especially over the genitals Sham execution: Victim is blind folded and asked to stand before a wall and then threatened that a vehicle is going to hit him. He hears the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is used for management of this 65 year-old patient with respiratory distress. Bedside Echo shows an Ejection fraction of 45%. | [
"Lasix, Nitrates and Sacubitril- Valsaan",
"Lasix, Norepinephrine and Sacubitril- Valsaan",
"Lasix, Nitrates and morphine",
"Lasix, ACEI and digoxin"
] | C | The CXR shows evidence of bat wing oedema which is seen with Acute decompensated CHF which is managed by: L--> Lasix M-->Morphine N-->Nitrates O-->Oxygen P-->Positioning of the patient. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chronic complication of malaria - | [
"Splenomegally",
"Nephrotic syndrome",
"Pneumonia",
"Hodgkin's disease"
] | A | P.falciparum Forms in peripheral blood-ring forms and gametocytes (crescent shaped) A) Most pathogenic B). No relapses in P.falciparum-exo-erythrocytic schizogony is absent C). Complications-pernicious malaria,black water fever D)pernicious malaria-1). Cerebral malaria-hyperpyrexia, coma,paralysis.Brain is congested.Ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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