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Balanced audio is a method of interconnecting audio equipment using balanced interfaces. This type of connection is very important in sound recording and production because it allows the use of long cables while reducing susceptibility to external noise caused by electromagnetic interference. The balanced interface gu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_audio |
Balanced heave compensation ( BHC ) is a heave compensation technology engaging the principle of a balanced-arm lamp for offshore motion compensation .
The technical working principle can be summarized as converting the non-linear force of a gas spring or hydro-pneumatic spring into an adjustable, substantially linear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_heave_compensation |
In evolutionary biology , a balanced lethal system is a situation where recessive lethal alleles are present on two homologous chromosomes . [ 1 ] Each of the chromosomes in such a pair carries a different lethal allele, which is compensated for by the functioning allele on the other chromosome. [ 1 ] Since both these ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_lethal_systems |
A balanced salt solution ( BSS ) is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include sodium , potassium , calcium , magnesium , and chloride . [ 1 ] Balanced salt solutions are used for washing tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_salt_solution |
In linear algebra and related areas of mathematics a balanced set , circled set or disk in a vector space (over a field K {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} } with an absolute value function | ⋅ | {\displaystyle |\cdot |} ) is a set S {\displaystyle S} such that a S ⊆ S {\displaystyle aS\subseteq S} for all scalars a {\display... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_set |
Balanced ternary is a ternary numeral system (i.e. base 3 with three digits ) that uses a balanced signed-digit representation of the integers in which the digits have the values −1 , 0 , and 1 . This stands in contrast to the standard (unbalanced) ternary system, in which digits have values 0, 1 and 2.
The balanced t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_ternary |
A balancing lake (also flood basin ) is a term used in the UK to describe a retention basin used to control flooding by temporarily storing flood waters . [ 1 ] : Glossary The term balancing pond is also used, though typically for smaller storage facilities for streams and brooks .
In open countryside, heavy rainfall ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancing_lake |
A balancing machine is a measuring tool used for balancing rotating machine parts such as rotors for electric motors , fans , turbines , disc brakes , disc drives , propellers and pumps . The machine usually consists of two rigid pedestals, with suspension and bearings on top supporting a mounting platform. The unit ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancing_machine |
Baldwin's rules in organic chemistry are a series of guidelines outlining the relative favorabilities of ring closure reactions in alicyclic compounds. They were first proposed by Jack Baldwin in 1976. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Baldwin's rules discuss the relative rates of ring closures of these various types. These terms are not m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin's_rules |
The Baldwin effect in astronomy describes a relationship between continuum and emission-line fluxes observed in the electromagnetic spectra of quasars and active galactic nuclei , namely an anticorrelation between the equivalent width , W λ , of a spectral line and the continuum luminosity, L, in broad UV optical emiss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_effect_(astronomy) |
The Baldwin–Lomax model is a 0-equation turbulence model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulent boundary layer flows.
This applied mathematics –related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin–Lomax_model |
Balisor is a system of illuminated beacons for high voltage power lines using a cold-cathode low-pressure neon lamp , [ 1 ] used as an aircraft warning light .
High voltage power cables, particularly those close to airports , need to be visible day and night. During the day, brightly coloured balls positioned along th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balisor |
The Baljet reaction is a qualitative and quantitative method of analysis published by Henri Baljet [ 1 ] in 1918. [ 2 ] This chemical reaction is used for the detection and colorimetric [ 3 ] determination of cardenolides . To the sample, an aqueous hydroxide solution and an ethanolic picric acid solution is combined a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baljet_reaction |
In chemistry , the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. [ 1 ] The atoms are typically represented by spheres , connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model |
The ball-on-ring test ( BoR test ) is a mechanical testing method for determining the biaxial strength of brittle materials , particularly in thin disc-shaped specimens. Its use has been standardized in procedures such as ASTM F394-78, [ 2 ] and it has become widely adopted in industrial and academic settings due to it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-on-ring_test |
The ball-on-three-balls test ( B3B test ) is a mechanical testing method for determining the biaxial strength of brittle materials . It involves placing a disc - or plate-shaped specimen on three supporting balls arranged in an equilateral triangle and applying a compressive force to the centre of the opposite face usi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-on-three-balls_test |
In mathematics , a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere ; it is also called a solid sphere . [ 1 ] It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).
These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(mathematics) |
The ball and beam system consists of a long beam which can be tilted by a servo or electric motor together with a ball
rolling back and forth on top of the beam.
It is a popular textbook example in control theory .
The significance of the ball and beam system is that it is a simple system which is open-loop unstable .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_and_beam |
In neuroscience , ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels . The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation . A voltage-gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed, or inactivated. The inactivated state is mainl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_and_chain_inactivation |
A ball detent is a simple mechanical arrangement used to hold a moving part in a temporarily fixed position relative to another part. Usually the moving parts slide with respect to each other, or one part rotates within the other.
The ball is a single, usually metal sphere , sliding within a bored cylinder, against th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_detent |
Ball lightning is a rare and unexplained phenomenon described as luminescent , spherical objects that vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter. Though usually associated with thunderstorms , [ 1 ] the observed phenomenon is reported to last considerably longer than the split-second flash of a lightning bolt , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_lightning |
A ball mill is a type of grinder filled with grinding balls, used to grind or blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, paints, pyrotechnics, ceramics, and selective laser sintering . It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_mill |
The Ballantine scale is a biologically defined scale for measuring the degree of exposure level of wave action on a rocky shore . Devised in 1961 by W. J. Ballantine, then at the zoology department of Queen Mary College , London , the scale is based on the observation that where shoreline species are concerned "Differe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballantine_scale |
The Balliol-Trinity Laboratories in Oxford , England , was an early chemistry laboratory at the University of Oxford . [ 2 ] The laboratory was located between Balliol College and Trinity College , hence the name. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was especially known for physical chemistry .
Chemistry was first recognised as a separate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol-Trinity_Laboratories |
Single-walled carbon nanotubes in the fields of quantum mechanics and nanoelectronics , have the ability to conduct electricity. This conduction can be ballistic , diffusive , or based on scattering. When ballistic in nature conductance can be treated as if the electrons experience no scattering.
Conduction in single-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_conduction_in_single-walled_carbon_nanotubes |
Ballistic foam is a foam that sets hard. It is widely used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft to form a light but strong filler for aircraft wings . The foam is used to surround aircraft fuel tanks to reduce the chance of fires caused by the penetration of incendiary projectiles . [ 1 ]
Ballistic foam is a typ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_foam |
Ballistic impact is a high velocity impact by a small mass object, analogous to runway debris or small arms fire. [ 1 ] The simulation of ballistic impacts can be achieved with a light-gas gun or other ballistic launcher. It is important to study the response of materials to ballistic impact loads. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Applicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_impact |
A balloon pops when the material that makes up its surface tears or shreds, creating a hole. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Normally, there is a balance of the balloon skin's elastic tension in which every point on the balloon's surface is being pulled by the material surrounding it. However, if a hole is made on the balloon's surface, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon_popping |
In chemistry , ballotechnics are a class of materials that undergo a chemical reaction when quickly subjected to extreme pressures . These pressures are of the order of tens of thousands of atmospheres , and the chemical reactions are initiated by shock waves transmitted through the material. The reaction progresses wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballotechnics |
The Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition ( Spanish : Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna ), commonly referred to as the Balmis Expedition , was a Spanish healthcare mission that lasted from 1803 to 1806, led by Dr Francisco Javier de Balmis , which vaccinated millions [ dubious – discuss ] of inhabitants of Spa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balmis_Expedition |
Balt is a medical equipment manufacturer specializing in medical devices designed to treat stroke and other neuro vascular diseases .
Balt was established in 1977 in France as a small family business by Leopold Płowiecki. [ 1 ] His son, Nicolas, oversaw the company's growth until 2018. [ 2 ] In 2015, Bridgepoint Advis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt_(company) |
The Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature, the Arts and Science is an award given annually by the Baltic Assembly for achievements in three categories: literature, art and science.
The prize is an annual award given to a citizen of Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania "for outstanding achievements" in three categories: literat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Assembly_Prize_for_Literature,_the_Arts_and_Science |
The Baltimore Underground Science Space ( BUGSS ) is a non-profit synthetic biology and biotechnology makerspace laboratory for science enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals to practice, share and learn about the biological sciences. BUGSS is closely aligned with do-it-yourself biology and the Maryland science com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Underground_Science_Space |
Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into considerat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_classification |
A balun / ˈ b æ l ʌ n / (from "balanced to unbalanced", originally, but now derived from " balancing unit ") [ 1 ] is an electrical device that allows balanced and unbalanced lines to be interfaced without disturbing the impedance arrangement of either line. [ 2 ] A balun can take many forms and may include devices tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balun |
The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organizations who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of humanities, natural sciences, culture, as well as for endeavours for peace and the brotherhood of man.
The assets behind the foundation were established by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzan_Prize |
The Balz–Schiemann reaction (also called the Schiemann reaction ) is a chemical reaction in which a primary aromatic amine is transformed to an aryl fluoride via a diazonium tetrafluoroborate intermediate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This reaction is a traditional route to fluorobenzene and some related derivatives, [ 4 ] includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balz–Schiemann_reaction |
BamHI (pronounced "Bam H one") (from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) is a type II restriction endonuclease , having the capacity for recognizing short sequences (6 bp) of DNA and specifically cleaving them at a target site . This exhibit focuses on the structure-function relations of BamHI as described by Newman, et al. (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BamHI |
The Bamako Convention (in full: Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa ) is a treaty of African nations prohibiting the import of any hazardous (including radioactive ) waste . The convention was negotiated by tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamako_Convention |
The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid , which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols. [ 1 ] It is named for the German chemist Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932). [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The starting phenylhydroxylamines are typically synthesized by the transfer hydrogenatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberger_rearrangement |
The Bamberger triazine synthesis in organic chemistry is a classic organic synthesis of a triazine first reported by Eugen Bamberger in 1892. [ 1 ]
The reactants are an aryl diazonium salt obtained from reaction of the corresponding aniline with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid and the hydrazone of pyruvic acid . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberger_triazine_synthesis |
Bamboo-mud wall (編竹夾泥牆, also known as Bamboo-net clay wall , Taiwanese wattle , and daub ) is a composite wall construction method largely used in Taiwan under Japanese rule in the early 20th century. Derived from Japanese wattle and daub (木舞, 小舞), Bamboo-mud wall differs from Japanese processor in its materiality, usi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo-mud_wall |
The term bamboo forests is commonly used for bamboo plant communities even though bamboo is a grass, not a tree. Definitions of bamboo forests vary by country and may be contradictory. [ 1 ]
Bamboos often create communities that are almost entirely composed of a single species unlike other forests. Bamboos also differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_forest |
Bamboo processing machines are used to prepare bamboo for use in manufacture of handicrafts, furniture and other products.
Bamboo processing machines are usually built to perform a single task such as:
A new machine developed in Nagaland, India performs four tasks on a single platform – planing, curving, polishing an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_processing_machine |
Bamboo salt ( Jugyeom , Korean : 죽염 ) is a Korean condiment and traditional remedy. It is prepared by packing sea salt in a thick bamboo stem, and baking it nine times at high temperature using pine firewood.
To make jugyeom , sea salt is packed into bamboo canisters and sealed with yellow clay. Traditionally the mix... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_salt |
The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is named for the British chemist William Randall Bamford and the Scottish chemist Thomas Stevens Stevens (1900–2000). The usage of aprotic solvents gives predominantly Z- alkene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamford–Stevens_reaction |
In mathematics , the Banach fixed-point theorem (also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contractive mapping theorem or Banach–Caccioppoli theorem ) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces ; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of certain self-maps of metric spaces and provide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach_fixed-point_theorem |
In the mathematical disciplines of in functional analysis and order theory , a Banach lattice ( X ,‖·‖) is a complete normed vector space with a lattice order , ≤ {\displaystyle \leq } , such that for all x , y ∈ X , the implication | x | ≤ | y | ⇒ ‖ x ‖ ≤ ‖ y ‖ {\displaystyle {|x|\leq |y|}\Rightarrow {\|x\|\leq \|y\|}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach_lattice |
In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics , the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem ) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology . [ 1 ] A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak-* topology as a closed sub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach–Alaoglu_theorem |
The Banach–Tarski paradox is a theorem in set-theoretic geometry , which states the following: Given a solid ball in three-dimensional space , there exists a decomposition of the ball into a finite number of disjoint subsets , which can then be put back together in a different way to yield two identical copies of the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach–Tarski_paradox |
Banana equivalent dose ( BED ) is an informal unit of measurement of ionizing radiation exposure, intended as a general educational example to compare a dose of radioactivity to the dose one is exposed to by eating one average-sized banana . Bananas contain naturally occurring radioactive isotopes , particularly potass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose |
A Bancroft point is the temperature where an azeotrope occurs in a binary system . Although vapor liquid azeotropy is impossible for binary systems which are rigorously described by Raoult's law , for real systems, azeotropy is inevitable at temperatures where the saturation vapor pressure of the components are equal. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft_point |
In solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry , a band gap , also called a bandgap or energy gap , is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states exist. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap refers to the energy difference (often expressed in electronvolts ) between the top of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap |
In spectroscopy a band head is the abrupt edge of a spectroscopic band . When a band is described as degrading to the violet , it means that for wavelengths above the band head wavelength, the spectrum is dark as the band comes to a sudden stop(just above/after the head), and below the wavelength the brightness of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_head |
In geometric topology , a band sum of two n -dimensional knots K 1 and K 2 along an ( n + 1)-dimensional 1-handle h called a band is an n -dimensional knot K such that:
K is the n -dimensional knot obtained by this surgery.
A band sum is thus a generalization of the usual connected sum of knots.
This knot theory-rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_sum |
Bandicam (stylized as BANDICAM ) is a closed-source screen capture and screen recording software originally developed by Bandisoft and later by Bandicam Company that can take screenshots or record screen changes .
Bandicam consists of three main modes. One is the Screen Recording mode, which can be used for recording ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandicam |
In data communications , the bandwidth-delay product is the product of a data link 's capacity (in bits per second ) and its round-trip delay time (in seconds). [ 1 ] The result, an amount of data measured in bits (or bytes ), is equivalent to the maximum amount of data on the network circuit at any given time, i.e., d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth-delay_product |
Bandwidth extension of signal is defined as the deliberate process of expanding the frequency range ( bandwidth ) of a signal in which it contains an appreciable and useful content, and/or the frequency range in which its effects are such. Its significant advancement in recent years has led to the technology being adop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_extension |
Bandwidth Guaranteed Polling ( BGP ) in computing and telecommunications is a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for Ethernet passive optical networks designed by Maode Ma et al. at the National University of Singapore . This is an instance of an algorithm that allocates bandwidth based on fixed weights.
BGP divid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_guaranteed_polling |
Bandwidth management is the process of measuring and controlling the communications (traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link, [ 1 ] which would result in network congestion and poor performance of the network. Bandwidth is described by bit rate and measured in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_management |
The Banert cascade is an organic reaction in which an NH-1,2,3-triazole is prepared from a propargyl halide or sulfate and sodium azide in a dioxane - water mixture at elevated temperatures. [ 1 ] It is named after Klaus Banert, who first reported the process in 1989. [ 2 ] This cascade reaction is unusual because it c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banert_cascade |
The Banff Classification is a schema for nomenclature and classification of kidney transplant pathology , established in 1991 by Kim Solez and Lorraine C. Racusen in Banff, Canada . The initiative was "inspired by the then recent development of a consensus grading system for diagnosis of rejection in cardiac allografts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banff_Classification |
In geometry , Bang's theorem on tetrahedra states that, if a sphere is inscribed within a tetrahedron , and segments are drawn from the points of tangency to each vertex on the same face of the tetrahedron, then all four points of tangency have the same triple of angles. In particular, it follows that the 12 triangles ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang's_theorem_on_tetrahedra |
The Bangalore Astronomical Society ( BAS ) is a society of amateur astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Bangalore . The primary objective of the BAS is to promote and popularize Astronomy as a hobby and science . [ 1 ]
The society was founded in 2006 [ 2 ] and registered as not-for-profit org... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore_Astronomical_Society |
The Bangladesh Computer Council ( BCC ) is a statutory government organization operating under the Information and Communication Technology Division of the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications, and Information Technology of the government of Bangladesh . Its headquarters are situated in Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Computer_Council |
The Bangladesh Hydrocarbon Unit is a government agency in the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources responsible for providing the government of Bangladesh technical recommendation on the extraction of hydrocarbon resources and is located in Dhaka , Bangladesh . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It carries out research on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Hydrocarbon_Unit |
The Bangladesh Power Development Board ( BPDB ) is a government agency operating under the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources , Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It was created as a public-sector organization to boost the country's power sector after the emergence of Bangladesh as an indep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Power_Development_Board |
A banjo fitting is actually called a hose connecting bolt, or internally relieved bolt , and a spherical union for fluid transfer. See DIN 7643. It is typically used to connect a fluid line to a rigid, internally threaded hydraulic component. The bolt is assembled through the center of the union, usually with face seal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo_fitting |
In geography , a bank is the land alongside a body of water .
Different structures are referred to as banks in different fields of geography.
In limnology (the study of inland waters), a stream bank or river bank is the terrain alongside the bed of a river , creek, or stream . [ 1 ] The bank consists of the sides of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_(geography) |
Bank erosion is the wearing away of the banks of a stream or river . This is distinguished from erosion of the bed of the watercourse, which is referred to as scour .
The roots of trees growing by a stream are undercut by such erosion. As the roots bind the soil tightly, they form abutments which jut out over the wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_erosion |
The Bank of Natural Capital is an educational initiative associated with The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) to communicate natural capital investment and value theory related to what are sometimes called " economic intangibles " to the global public, in particular the direct economic and financial valu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Natural_Capital |
A banked turn (or banking turn ) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. For a road or railroad this is usually due to the roadbed having a transverse down-slope towards the inside of the curve. The bank angle is the angle at which the vehicle i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banked_turn |
In Irish and British civil engineering , a banksman is the person who directs the operation of a crane or larger vehicle from the point near where loads are attached and detached. The term 'dogman' may be used in Australia and New Zealand , while 'spotter' is the more common term in United States . [ 1 ]
The general t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksman |
The Banzhaf power index , named after John Banzhaf (originally invented by Lionel Penrose in 1946 and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index ; also known as the Banzhaf–Coleman index after James Samuel Coleman ), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an outcome of a vote where voting rights are not ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banzhaf_power_index |
In probability theory , the Bapat–Beg theorem gives the joint probability distribution of order statistics of independent but not necessarily identically distributed random variables in terms of the cumulative distribution functions of the random variables. Ravindra Bapat and M.I. Beg published the theorem in 1989, [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bapat–Beg_theorem |
A bar in a river is an elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel ) that has been deposited by the flow. Types of bars include mid-channel bars (also called braid bars and common in braided rivers ), point bars (common in meandering rivers ), and mouth bars (common in river deltas ). The locations of bars are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(river_morphology) |
In mathematics, the bar complex , also called the bar resolution , bar construction , standard resolution , or standard complex , is a way of constructing resolutions in homological algebra . It was first introduced for the special case of algebras over a commutative ring by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane ( 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_complex |
Bar induction is a reasoning principle used in intuitionistic mathematics , introduced by L. E. J. Brouwer . Bar induction's main use is the intuitionistic derivation of the fan theorem, a key result used in the derivation of the uniform continuity theorem.
It is also useful in giving constructive alternatives to oth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_induction |
In information theory , the bar product of two linear codes C 2 ⊆ C 1 is defined as
where ( a | b ) denotes the concatenation of a and b . If the code words in C 1 are of length n , then the code words in C 1 | C 2 are of length 2 n .
The bar product is an especially convenient way of expressing the Reed–Muller RM ( ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_product |
A bar puller is a tool for automatically drawing in material (round tubes or solid bars) on a CNC lathe . The machined part is cut off and new material has to be fed into the machine.
Bar pullers are used in CNC lathes to automatically draw in bars from the clamping chuck . In this case they serve as a substitute for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_puller |
A bar screen is a mechanical filter used to remove large objects, such as rags and plastics, from wastewater . [ 1 ] It is part of the primary filtration flow and typically is the first, or preliminary, level of filtration, being installed at the influent to a wastewater treatment plant . They typically consist of a se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_screen |
In Aristotelian logic , Baralipton (also Bamalip or Bramantip ) is a mnemonic word used to identify a form of syllogism . Specifically, the first two propositions are universal affirmative ( A ), and the third (conclusion) particular affirmative ( I )-- hence B A R A L I PTON . The argument is also in the First Figure ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baralipton |
Barbara Ruth Albert (born 9 December 1966) is a German chemist and rector of the University of Duisburg-Essen . She was Professor of Solid State Chemistry at the Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry of the Technische Universität Darmstadt . From 2012 to 2013 she was the president of the German Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Albert_(chemist) |
Barbara Cannon is a British - Swedish biochemist , physiologist and an academic . She is an emeritus professor at Stockholm University [ 1 ] as well as the chairman of the scientific advisory board at The Helmholtz Centre. She is also a consultant at Combigene. [ 2 ]
Cannon is most known for her work on mammalian ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Cannon |
Barbara Grzybowska-Świerkosz (born 1937 [ 1 ] ), is a Polish chemist. She graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków in 1959, and received a PhD from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh in 1963. After completing a post-doctoral degre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Grzybowska-Świerkosz |
A Barber-Colman knotter is a piece of textile machinery used in a weaving shed . When all the warp carried on the weavers beam has been used, a new beam replaces it. Each end has to pass through the eyes on the existing heddles , and through the existing reed . The knotter takes each new thread and knots it the existin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter |
Barbertonite is a magnesium chromium carbonate mineral with formula of Mg 6 Cr 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 ·4H 2 O . It is polymorphous with the mineral stichtite and, along with stichtite, is an alteration product of chromite in serpentinite . Barbertonite has a close association with stichtite, chromite, and antigorite (Taylor, 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbertonite |
The Barber–Layden–Power effect ( BLP effect or colloquially Bleep ) is a blast wave phenomenon observed in the immediate aftermath of the successful functioning of air-delivered high-drag ordnance at the target. In common with a typical blast wave, the flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave , followed by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barber–Layden–Power_effect |
In geometry , Barbier's theorem states that every curve of constant width has perimeter π times its width, regardless of its precise shape. [ 1 ] This theorem was first published by Joseph-Émile Barbier in 1860. [ 2 ]
The most familiar examples of curves of constant width are the circle and the Reuleaux triangle . Fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbier's_theorem |
The Barbier reaction is an organometallic reaction between an alkyl halide (chloride, bromide, iodide), a carbonyl group and a metal. The reaction can be performed using magnesium , aluminium , zinc , indium , tin , samarium , barium or their salts. The reaction product is a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol . The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbier_reaction |
The Barbier–Wieland degradation is a procedure for shortening the carbon chain of a carboxylic acid by one carbon. It only works when the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl is a simple methylene bridge (an aliphatic carbon with no substituents ). The reaction sequence involves conversion of the carboxyl and alpha carbon i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbier–Wieland_degradation |
The Barcelona astrolabe is the oldest astrolabe with Carolingian characters that has survived in the Christian Occident.
The French researcher Marcel Destombes founded the astrolabe, and left it as legacy to the Institute of the Arab World of Paris in 1983.
The Academy of Sciences of Barcelona asked the astrolabe in l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_astrolabe |
A barcode printer is a computer peripheral for printing barcode [ 1 ] labels or tags that can be attached to, or printed directly on, physical objects. Barcode printers are commonly used to label cartons before shipment, or to label retail items with UPCs or EANs . [ citation needed ]
The most common barcode printers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_printer |
A barcode reader or barcode scanner is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes and send the data they contain to computer . [ 1 ] Like a flatbed scanner , it consists of a light source, a lens, and a light sensor for translating optical impulses into electrical signals. Additionally, nearly all barcode reader... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_reader |
Bardahl is a brand of petroleum oil additives , lubricants and gasoline additives for motor vehicles and internal combustion engines made by Bardahl Manufacturing Corporation in Seattle , Washington.
Bardahl Oil Company was founded in 1939 by Ole Bardahl (January 28, 1902 – August 11, 1989), a Norwegian immigrant to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardahl |
Barden Corporation is a ball bearing manufacturer based in Danbury , Connecticut , USA with factories in Danbury, Winsted , Connecticut and in Plymouth , England . It previously had factories in Bridgeport , Connecticut (Lacey Manufacturing-divested in 2008) [ 1 ] and Haverhill , Massachusetts (Pope Spindle-divested in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barden_Corporation |
Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with formula C 14 H 10 , consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a colorless, crystal-like solid, but can also appear yellow. Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholester... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardhan–Sengupta_phenanthrene_synthesis |
In information technology , bare machine (or bare-metal computer ) is a computer which has no operating system . [ 1 ] The software executed by a bare machine, commonly called a "bare metal program" or "bare metal application", [ 2 ] is designed to interact directly with hardware. Bare machines are widely used in embed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare_machine |
Barebox is a primary boot loader used in embedded devices . It is free software under the GPL-2.0-only license. [ 4 ] It is available for a number of different computer architectures , including ARM , x86 , MIPS and RISC-V . [ 5 ]
The Barebox project began in July 2007 as u-boot-v2, as it was derived from Das U-Boot ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barebox |
Bareiss (full name: Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH ) is a German materials testing company founded in 1954 by Heinrich Bareiss. The company specialises in material testing equipment and is headquartered in Oberdischingen , Germany. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Bareiss manufactures durometers , automatic hardness testers, tempe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bareiss_Prüfgerätebau_GmbH |
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