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In mathematics, the Bareiss algorithm , named after Erwin Bareiss , is an algorithm to calculate the determinant or the echelon form of a matrix with integer entries using only integer arithmetic; any divisions that are performed are guaranteed to be exact (there is no remainder ). The method can also be used to comput... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bareiss_algorithm |
The Bargellini reaction is a chemical reaction discovered in 1906 by Italian chemist Guido Bargellini . [ 1 ] The original reaction was a mixture of the reagents phenol , chloroform , and acetone in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution. [ 2 ] Prior to Bargellini's research, the product attributed to this multi-c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargellini_reaction |
In quantum mechanics , Bargmann's limit , named for Valentine Bargmann , provides an upper bound on the number N ℓ {\displaystyle N_{\ell }} of bound states with azimuthal quantum number ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } in a system with central potential V {\displaystyle V} . It takes the form
This limit is the best possible u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargmann's_limit |
Barilla refers to several species of salt-tolerant ( halophyte ) plants that, until the 19th century, were the primary source of soda ash and hence of sodium carbonate . The word "barilla" was also used directly to refer to the soda ash obtained from plant sources. [ 1 ] The word is an anglicization of the Spanish word... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barilla |
See text .
The barinophytes are a group of extinct vascular plants (tracheophytes). Their relationship with other vascular plants is unclear. They have been treated as the separate class Barinophytopsida , the order Barinophytales of uncertain class and as a family or clade Barinophytaceae within the zosterophylls . T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barinophytaceae |
See text .
The barinophytes are a group of extinct vascular plants (tracheophytes). Their relationship with other vascular plants is unclear. They have been treated as the separate class Barinophytopsida , the order Barinophytales of uncertain class and as a family or clade Barinophytaceae within the zosterophylls . T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barinophytopsida |
Baritosis is a benign type of pneumoconiosis , which is caused by long-term exposure to the dust of insoluble compounds of barium , such as ground baryte ore.
The disease may develop after few months of exposure. Barium compounds have a high radio-opacity . Extremely dense, discrete small opacities of 2–4 mm diameter,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritosis |
Barium azide is an inorganic azide with the formula Ba(N 3 ) 2 . It is a barium salt of hydrazoic acid . Like all azides, it is explosive. It is less sensitive to mechanical shock than lead azide .
Barium azide may be prepared by reacting sodium azide with a soluble barium salt: [ 6 ]
Barium azide can be used to make... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_azide |
Barium chlorate , Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 , is the barium salt of chloric acid . It is a white crystalline solid , and like all soluble barium compounds, irritant and toxic. It is sometimes used in pyrotechnics to produce a green colour . It also finds use in the production of chloric acid .
Barium chlorate can be produced throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_chlorate |
Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Ba Cl 2 . It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium . Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic , converting to the dihydrate BaCl 2 ·... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_chloride |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on barium chloride . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_chloride_(data_page) |
Barium chromate , is a yellow sand like powder with the formula BaCrO 4 . It is a known oxidizing agent and produces a green flame when heated, a result of the barium ions.
The first naturally occurring barium chromate was found in the country of Jordan. The brown crystals found perched on host rocks were named hashem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_chromate |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on barium hydroxide . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_hydroxide_(data_page) |
Barium iodate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(IO 3 ) 2 . It is a white, granular substance .
Barium iodate can be derived either as a product of a reaction of iodine and barium hydroxide or by combining barium chlorate with potassium iodate . [ 2 ]
The compound is stable on a temperatur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_iodate |
Barium manganate is an inorganic compound with the formula BaMnO 4 . It is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry . [ 2 ] It belongs to a class of compounds known as manganates in which the manganese resides in a +6 oxidation state. Manganate should not be confused with permanganate which contains manganese(VII). Ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_manganate |
Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba ( NO 3 ) 2 . It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics . [ 4 ]
Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrate |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on barium nitrate .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrate_(data_page) |
Barium nitrite is a chemical compound, the nitrous acid salt of barium. It has the chemical formula Ba(NO 2 ) 2 . It is a water-soluble yellow powder. It is used to prepare other metal nitrites, such as lithium nitrite .
Barium nitrite can be made by reacting barium nitrate with lead metal sponge, or by reaction of le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrite |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on barium oxide . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_oxide_(data_page) |
Barium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent , with the formula Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 . It is used in the pyrotechnic industry.
Barium perchlorate decomposes at 505 °C. [ 1 ]
Gallucci and Gerkin (1988) analyzed the structure of the hydrate isomer barium perchlorate trihydrate (Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 •3H 2 O) by X-ray crystallograp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_perchlorate |
Barium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ba O 2 . This white solid (gray when impure) is one of the most common inorganic peroxides , and it was the first peroxide compound discovered. Being an oxidizer and giving a vivid green colour upon ignition (as do all barium compounds), it finds some use in fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_peroxide |
Barium phosphate (also known as barium orthophosphate) is an inorganic phosphate of barium with the molecular formula Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . It is usually found as a white, odorless powder which is insoluble in water. [ 1 ]
The general chemical reaction for the synthesis of barium phosphate powder is: [ 2 ]
Ba(NO 3 ) 2 + 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_phosphate |
Barium stannate is an oxide of barium and tin with the chemical formula Ba Sn O 3 . It is a wide band gap semiconductor with a perovskite crystal structure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_stannate |
Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark . Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin ) and paclitaxel ( Taxol ). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark_isolate |
The " Barking Dog " is an exothermic chemical reaction that results from the ignition of a mixture of carbon disulfide and nitrous oxide . [ 1 ] When ignited in a cylindrical tube, the reaction produces a bright flash and a loud " woof " - reminiscent of a barking dog.
In simple terms, the 'Barking Dog' reaction is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barking_dog_reaction |
A hydrometer or lactometer is an instrument used for measuring density or relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy . They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity .
A hydrometer usually consists of a sealed hollow glass tube with a wider bottom portion... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkometer |
Barley yellow dwarf virus 5' UTR is a non-coding RNA element containing structural elements required for translation of the genome of the plant disease pathogen Barley yellow dwarf virus.
Unlike eukaryotic mRNA , this virus lacks a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail but still circularises its mRNA through base pairing between ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley_yellow_dwarf_virus_5'UTR |
Barlow's formula (called "Kesselformel" [ 1 ] in German) relates the internal pressure that a pipe [ 2 ] can withstand to its dimensions and the strength of its material .
This approximate formula is named after Peter Barlow , an English mathematician . [ 3 ]
where
This formula (DIN 2413) figures prominently in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlow's_formula |
A barn (symbol: b ) is a metric unit of area equal to 10 −28 m 2 (100 fm 2 ). This is equivalent to a square that is 10 −14 m (10 fm ) each side, or a circle of diameter approximately 1.128 × 10 −14 m (11.28 fm).
Originally used in nuclear physics for expressing the cross sectional area of nuclei and nuclear reactions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn_(unit) |
A barn raising , also historically called a raising bee or rearing in the U.K., is an action in which a barn for a resident of a community is built or rebuilt collectively by its members. Barn raising was particularly common in 18th- and 19th-century rural North America . A barn was a necessary structure for any farmer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn_raising |
Barnaviridae is a family of non-enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses . Cultivated mushrooms serve as natural hosts. The family has one genus, Barnavirus , which contains one species: Mushroom bacilliform virus . Diseases associated with this family includes La France disease . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Viruses in Barnaviridae are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaviridae |
In mathematics , the Barnes G-function G ( z ) is a function that is an extension of superfactorials to the complex numbers . It is related to the gamma function , the K-function and the Glaisher–Kinkelin constant , and was named after mathematician Ernest William Barnes . [ 1 ] It can be written in terms of the double... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_G-function |
Barocaloric materials are characterized by strong, reversible thermic responses to changes in pressure. Many involve solid-to-solid phase changes from disordered to ordered and rigid under increased pressure, releasing heat. Barocaloric solids undergo solid-to-solid phase change. [ 1 ] One barocaloric material processe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barocaloric_material |
A baroclinic instability is a fluid dynamical instability of fundamental importance in the atmosphere and ocean. It can lead to the formation of transient mesoscale eddies , with a horizontal scale of 10-100 km. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In contrast, flows on the largest scale in the ocean are described as ocean currents , the large... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroclinic_instabilities_in_the_ocean |
In fluid dynamics , the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity ) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In meteorology a baroclinic flow is one in which the density depends on both temperature and pressure (the fully genera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroclinity |
In Aristotelian logic , baroco is a mnemonic word used to memorize a class of syllogism . Specifically, it has the first proposition universal and affirmative, but the second and third particular and negative, and the middle term the attribute in the two first. For example,
In the terminology of Aristotelian logic, a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroco |
Barometric light is a name for the light that is emitted by a mercury -filled barometer tube when the tube is shaken. The discovery of this phenomenon in 1675 revealed the possibility of electric lighting.
The earliest barometers were simply glass tubes that were closed at one end and filled with mercury. The tube wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_light |
Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors ) are stretch receptors that sense blood pressure . Thus, increases in the pressure of blood vessel triggers increased action potential generation rates and provides information to the central nervous system . This sensory information is used primarily in autonomic reflexe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreceptor |
In fluid dynamics , a barotropic fluid is a fluid whose density is a function of pressure only. [ 1 ] The barotropic fluid is a useful model of fluid behavior in a wide variety of scientific fields, from meteorology to astrophysics.
The density of most liquids is nearly constant ( isopycnic ), so it can be stated that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barotropic_fluid |
A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr ) [ 1 ] or X-chromatin is an inactive X chromosome . In species with XY sex-determination (including humans), females typically have two X chromosomes, [ 2 ] and one is rendered inactive in a process called lyonization . Errors in chromosome separation can also result in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barr_body |
The Barra system is a passive solar building technology developed by Horazio Barra in Italy . It uses a collector wall to capture solar radiation in the form of heat. It also uses the thermosiphon effect to distribute the warmed air through channels incorporated into the reinforced concrete floors, warming the floors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_system |
A barrel is one of several units of volume applied in various contexts; there are dry barrels , fluid barrels (such as the U.K. beer barrel and U.S. beer barrel ), oil barrels , and so forth. For historical reasons, the volumes of some barrel units are roughly double the volumes of others; volumes in common use range a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_(unit) |
A barrel shifter is a digital circuit that can shift a data word by a specified number of bits without the use of any sequential logic , only pure combinational logic , i.e. it inherently provides a binary operation . It can however in theory also be used to implement unary operations , such as logical shift left , in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_shifter |
Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse, stunted, and/or contain limited biodiversity . Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil , high winds, coastal salt-spray , and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development. Barren vegetation c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barren_vegetation |
Barrier cable is a vehicular or pedestrian restraint system used in parking garages . It installed along the ramps or around the perimeter of the parking structure. It consists of a 0.5-inch, 7-wire steel strand which is similar to the strand used in Post-tensioned concrete .
There are three types of barrier cables ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_cable |
A barrier certificate [ 1 ] or barrier function is used to prove that a given region is forward invariant for a given ordinary differential equation or hybrid dynamical system . [ 2 ] That is, a barrier function can be used to show that if a solution starts in a given set , then it cannot leave that set.
Showing that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_certificate |
Barrier islands are a coastal landform , a type of dune system and sand island , where an area of sand has been formed by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast . [ 1 ] They usually occur in chains, consisting of anything from a few islands to more than a dozen. [ citation needed ] They are subject to cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_island |
The Barringer Medal recognizes outstanding work in the field of impact cratering and/or work that has led to a better understanding of impact phenomena. [ 1 ] The Barringer Medal and Award were established to honor the memory of D. Moreau Barringer Sr. and his son D. Moreau Barringer Jr. and are sponsored by the Barrin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barringer_Medal |
Barsoum elements is a finite element analysis technique used in fracture analysis to determine the stress intensity factor of a crack. It was introduced by R. Barsoum in 1976. [ 1 ]
In this method, the usual isoparametric 6 node triangular or 8 node isoparametric quadrilateral elements are employed. The mid side nodes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barsoum_elements |
Bart Andrew Kosko (born February 7, 1960) is an American writer and professor of electrical engineering and law at the University of Southern California (USC). He is a researcher and popularizer of fuzzy logic , neural networks , and noise, and the author of several trade books and textbooks on these and related subjec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_Kosko |
Bartel Leendert van der Waerden ( Dutch: [ˈbɑrtə(l) ˈleːndərt fɑn dər ˈʋaːrdə(n)] ; 2 February 1903 – 12 January 1996) was a Dutch mathematician and historian of mathematics .
Van der Waerden learned advanced mathematics at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Göttingen , from 1919 until 1926. He was much... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartel_Leendert_van_der_Waerden |
The Bartell mechanism is a pseudorotational mechanism similar to the Berry mechanism . It occurs only in molecules with a pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry , such as IF 7 . This mechanism was first predicted by H. B. Bartell. The mechanism exchanges the axial atoms with one pair of the equatorial atoms with an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartell_mechanism |
In queueing theory , Bartlett's theorem gives the distribution of the number of customers in a given part of a system at a fixed time.
Suppose that customers arrive according to a non-stationary Poisson process with rate A ( t ), and that subsequently they move independently around a system of nodes. Write E for some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartlett's_theorem |
The Bartoli indole synthesis (also called the Bartoli reaction ) is the chemical reaction of ortho-substituted nitro arenes and nitroso arenes with vinyl Grignard reagents to form substituted indoles . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
The reaction is often unsuccessful without substitution ortho to the nitro group, with bulkie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartoli_indole_synthesis |
The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This is an exam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_decarboxylation |
The Barton reaction , also known as the Barton nitrite ester reaction , is a photochemical reaction that involves the photolysis of an alkyl nitrite to form a δ- nitroso alcohol .
Discovered in 1960, the reaction is named for its discoverer, Nobel laureate Sir Derek Barton . [ 1 ] Barton's Nobel Prize in Chemistry in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_reaction |
Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First published by Derek Barton in 1962 the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Barton reaction (although there are many different Barton rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_vinyl_iodine_procedure |
The Barton–Kellogg reaction is a coupling reaction between a diazo compound and a thioketone , giving an alkene by way of an episulfide intermediate. [1] [2] [3] The Barton–Kellogg reaction is also known as Barton–Kellogg olefination [4] and Barton olefin synthesis . [5]
This reaction was pioneered by Hermann Stauding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton–Kellogg_reaction |
The Barton–McCombie deoxygenation is an organic reaction in which a hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydrogen to give an alkyl group . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is named after British chemists Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton and Stuart W. McCombie.
This deoxygenation reaction is a radical substitu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton–McCombie_deoxygenation |
The Barton–Zard reaction is a route to pyrrole derivatives via the reaction of a nitroalkene with an α-isocyanide under basic conditions. [ 1 ] It is named after Derek Barton and Samir Zard who first reported it in 1985. [ 2 ]
The mechanism consists of five steps:
The nitro compound may be aromatic rather than just a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton–Zard_reaction |
In mathematical logic , the Barwise compactness theorem , named after Jon Barwise , is a generalization of the usual compactness theorem for first-order logic to a certain class of infinitary languages . It was stated and proved by Barwise in 1967.
Let A {\displaystyle A} be a countable admissible set . Let L {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwise_compactness_theorem |
In astronomy , the barycenter (or barycentre ; from Ancient Greek βαρύς ( barús ) ' heavy ' and κέντρον ( kéntron ) ' center ' ) [ 1 ] is the center of mass of two or more bodies that orbit one another and is the point about which the bodies orbit. A barycenter is a dynamical point, not a physical object. It is an impo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter_(astronomy) |
Combinatorial number theory deals with number theoretic problems which involve combinatorial ideas in their formulations or solutions. Paul Erdős is the main founder of this branch of number theory. Typical topics include covering system , zero-sum problems , various restricted sumsets , and arithmetic progressions in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric-sum_problem |
Barycentric Coordinate Time ( TCB , from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique ) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets , asteroids , comets , and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar System . It is equivalent to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time |
The Barycentric Julian Date ( BJD ) is the Julian Date (JD) corrected for differences in the Earth 's position with respect to the barycentre of the Solar System . Due to the finite speed of light , the time an astronomical event is observed depends on the changing position of the observer in the Solar System. Before m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Julian_Date |
The barycentric celestial reference system ( BCRS ) is a coordinate system used in astrometry to specify the location and motions of astronomical objects. Its center of coordinates as the center of mass of the entire Solar System, its barycenter . It was created in 2000 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_and_geocentric_celestial_reference_systems |
In geometry , a barycentric coordinate system is a coordinate system in which the location of a point is specified by reference to a simplex (a triangle for points in a plane , a tetrahedron for points in three-dimensional space , etc.). The barycentric coordinates of a point can be interpreted as masses placed at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_coordinate_system |
In physical cosmology , baryogenesis (also known as baryosynthesis [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ) is the physical process that is hypothesized to have taken place during the early universe to produce baryonic asymmetry , the observation that only matter ( baryons ) and not antimatter (antibaryons) is detected in universe other than in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryogenesis |
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In physical cosmology , the baryon asymmetry problem, also known as the matter asymmetry problem or the matter–antimatter asymmetry problem, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is the observed imbalance in baryonic matter (the type of matter experienced in everyday life) and antibaryonic matter in the observable universe . Neither the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon_asymmetry |
In particle physics , the baryon number (B) is an additive quantum number of a system . It is defined as B = 1 3 ( n q − n q ¯ ) , {\displaystyle B={\frac {1}{3}}(n_{\text{q}}-n_{\rm {\overline {q}}}),} where n q {\displaystyle n_{\rm {q}}} is the number of quarks , and n q ¯ {\displaystyle n_{\rm {\overline {q}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon_number |
In phylogenetics , basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram . The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics) |
A basal cell is a general cell type that is present in many forms of epithelial tissue throughout the body. Basal cells are located between the basement membrane and the remainder of the epithelium, effectively functioning as an anchor for the epithelial layer and an important mechanism in the maintenance of intraorgan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_cell |
Basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. [ 1 ] It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O 2 /min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate |
Base-promoted epoxide isomerization is the conversion of alkyl epoxides to ring-opened products through the action of strong base . Isomerizations of this type are most often used to synthesize allylic alcohols , although other products are possible. [ 1 ]
In the presence of lithium or aluminum amide bases, epoxides m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base-promoted_epoxide_isomerization |
In ecology , base-richness is the level of chemical bases in water or soil , such as calcium or magnesium ions . Many organisms prefer base-rich environments. [ 1 ]
Chemical bases are alkalis , hence base-rich environments are either neutral or alkaline. Because acid-rich environments have few bases, they are dominat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base-richness |
In chemistry , there are three definitions in common use of the word " base ": Arrhenius bases , Brønsted bases , and Lewis bases . All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids , as originally proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century.
In 1884, Svante Arrhenius proposed that a base is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry) |
A Base 50 engine is a generic term for engines that are reverse-engineered from the Honda 49 cc (3.0 cu in) air-cooled four-stroke single cylinder engine. Honda first offered these engines in 1958, on their Honda Super Cub 50 . Honda has offered variations of this engine continuously, in sizes up to 124 cc (7.6 cu in),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_50 |
Base Band 5 , abbreviated as BB5, is the mobile baseband generation implemented on Nokia mobile phones and the replacement for prior DCT (Digital Core Technology) generations.
This generation of Nokia phone basebands uses a new range of chipsets, bus systems and components as well as enhanced security mechanisms preve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Band_5 |
Base calling is the process of assigning nucleobases to chromatogram peaks, light intensity signals, or electrical current changes resulting from nucleotides passing through a nanopore . One computer program for accomplishing this job is Phred , which is a widely used base calling software program by both academic and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_calling |
In mathematics, the base change theorems relate the direct image and the inverse image of sheaves . More precisely, they are about the base change map, given by the following natural transformation of sheaves:
where
is a Cartesian square of topological spaces and F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is a sheaf on X .
Su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_change_theorems |
Base conditions , also known as standard conditions , consist of a specified absolute pressure and temperature . To ensure accuracy, it is important to refer to base conditions when measuring the volume of a sample of liquid or gas. This applies to both static measurement and flow measurement .
The density of both g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_conditions |
In physiology , base excess and base deficit refer to an excess or deficit, respectively, in the amount of base present in the blood. The value is usually reported as a concentration in units of mEq/L (mmol/L), with positive numbers indicating an excess of base and negative a deficit. A typical reference range for base... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excess |
A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal , as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver . [ 1 ] In numismatics , coins often derived their value from the precious metal content; however, base metals have also been used in coins in the past and today. [ 2 ]
In contrast to noble metals , base metals may ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_metal |
Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases , motor oil and metal processing fluids . Different products require different compositions and properties in the oil. One of the most important factors is the liquid’s viscosity at various temperatures. Whether or not a crude oil is suitable to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_oil |
A base pair ( bp ) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds . They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA . Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Cric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair |
The International System of Quantities ( ISQ ) is a standard system of quantities used in physics and in modern science in general. It includes basic quantities such as length and mass and the relationships between those quantities. [ a ] This system underlies the International System of Units (SI) [ b ] but does not i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_quantity |
Base station (or base radio station , BS) is – according to the International Telecommunication Union 's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) [ 1 ] – a " land station in the land mobile service ."
A base station is called node B in 3G , eNB in LTE ( 4G ), and gNB in 5G .
The term is used in the context of mobile telephony , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_station |
The base station identity code ( BSIC ) is a code used in GSM to uniquely identify a base station . The code is needed because it is possible that mobile stations receive the broadcast channel of more than one base station on the same frequency. [ 1 ] This is due to frequency re-use in a cellular network . The BSIC is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_station_identity_code |
A base transceiver station ( BTS ) or a baseband unit [ 1 ] (BBU) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_transceiver_station |
A baseband processor (also known as baseband radio processor , BP , or BBP ) is a device (a chip or part of a chip) in a network interface controller that manages all the radio functions (all functions that require an antenna); however, this term is generally not used in reference to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth radios. A base... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseband_processor |
Baseflow (also called drought flow , groundwater recession flow , low flow , low-water flow , low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff ) is the portion of the streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should not be confused with groundwater flow . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseflow |
Baseflow residence time (often mean baseflow residence time ) is a parameter useful in describing the mixing of waters from the infiltration of precipitation and pre-event groundwater in a watershed . It describes the average amount of time that water within the transient water supply resides in a watershed. Many metho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseflow_residence_time |
The Basel Computational Biology Conference (stylized as [BC] 2 ) is a scientific meeting on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology . It covers a wide spectrum of disciplines, including bioinformatics, computational biology, genomics , computational structural biology , and systems biology . The confer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_Computational_Biology_Conference |
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal , usually known as the Basel Convention , is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to restrict the transfer of hazardous waste from devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_Convention |
The Basel Convention Coordinating Centre for the African Region in Nigeria (BCCC Africa) is a regional centre of the Basel Convention . It is located along Ijoma Road, inside the main campus of the University of Ibadan , Ibadan, Nigeria.
It has the vision of strengthening countries in the African Region in the Environm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_Convention_Coordinating_Centre_for_the_African_Region_in_Nigeria |
The Basel Declaration is a call for greater transparency and communication on the use of animals in research . It is supported by an international scientific non profit society, the Basel Declaration Society , a forum of scientists established to foster the greatest dissemination and acceptance of the Declaration, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_Declaration |
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory , concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [ 1 ] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences . [ 2 ] Since the prob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_problem |
A basement is any floor of a building that is not above the grade plane . [ 1 ] Especially in residential buildings, it often is used as a utility space for a building, where such items as the furnace , water heater , breaker panel or fuse box , car park , and air-conditioning system are located; so also are amenities ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement |
Basement waterproofing involves techniques and materials used to prevent water from penetrating the basement of a house or a building. Waterproofing a basement that is below ground level can require the application of sealant materials, the installation of drains and sump pumps , and more.
Waterproofing is usually req... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement_waterproofing |
Bashar Al Masri ( Arabic : بشار المصري , romanized : Bashshār al-Miṣrī ; born on February 3, 1961), known in the West as Bashar Masri , is a Palestinian and American dual citizen, a businessman who is the founder and chairman of Massar International since its establishment in 1994. He is the founder of Rawabi , the Wes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_Masri |
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