text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
The Belinski–Zakharov (inverse) transform is a nonlinear transformation that generates new exact solutions of the vacuum Einstein's field equation . It was developed by Vladimir Belinski and Vladimir Zakharov in 1978. [ 1 ] The Belinski–Zakharov transform is a generalization of the inverse scattering transform . The so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belinski–Zakharov_transform |
Bell's mania , also known as delirious mania , refers to an acute neurobehavioral syndrome. [ 1 ] This is usually characterized by an expeditious onset of delirium , mania , psychosis , followed by grandiosity , emotional lability , altered consciousness , hyperthermia , and in extreme cases, death. [ 1 ] It is sometim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_mania |
Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity . It was first described by E. Dewan and M. Beran in 1959 [ 1 ] but became more widely known after John Stewart Bell elaborated the idea further in 1976. [ 2 ] A delicate thread hangs between two spaceships initially at rest in the inertial frame S.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_spaceship_paradox |
Bell's theorem is a term encompassing a number of closely related results in physics , all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories , given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement. The first such result was introduced by John Stewart Bell in 1964, buil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_theorem |
Bell Laboratories Layer Space-Time ( BLAST ) is a transceiver architecture for offering spatial multiplexing over multiple-antenna wireless communication systems. Such systems have multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver in an effort to exploit the many different paths between the two in a highly- sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Laboratories_Layered_Space-Time |
Bell Mobile TV is a mobile television service available to Bell Mobility and Virgin Mobile Canada customers. As of Q4 2013, there are 1 230 000 customers with Mobile TV, or over 15.8% of Bell's mobile customer base. [ 1 ]
Early versions of Bell Mobile TV used the slower CDMA network.
The Bell Mobile TV was launched ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Mobile_TV |
A bell box is an audible device, often electric , which when activated, emits a chime , bell , or buzzer sound.
The housing of the bell box may be manufactured from wood , metal , or plastic . The basic core component of a conventional bell box is an electromagnet and a bell or other metal piece, some of which create ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_box |
A bell jar is a glass jar , similar in shape to a bell (i.e. in its best-known form it is open at the bottom, while its top and sides together are a single piece), and can be manufactured from a variety of materials (ranging from glass to different types of metals). Bell jars are often used in laboratories to form and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_jar |
In building services engineering and HVAC , a bell mouth is a tapered expanding or reducing opening in the end of a ventilation duct, so named because the taper can resemble that of a bell shape. They are primarily designed and used for return air or extract air purposes within building ventilation systems, more common... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_mouth |
A Bell nipple is a section of large diameter pipe fitted to the top of the blowout preventers that the flow line attaches to via a side outlet, to allow the drilling fluid to flow back over the shale shakers to the mud tanks .
See Drilling rig (petroleum) for a diagram.
This article related to natural gas, petroleum ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_nipple |
In mathematics , the Bell series is a formal power series used to study properties of arithmetical functions. Bell series were introduced and developed by Eric Temple Bell .
Given an arithmetic function f {\displaystyle f} and a prime p {\displaystyle p} , define the formal power series f p ( x ) {\displaystyle f_{p}(... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_series |
In quantum information science , the Bell's states or EPR pairs are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest examples of quantum entanglement . [ 1 ] : 25 The Bell's states are a form of entangled and normalized basis vectors . This normalization implies that the overall probability of the part... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_state_measurement |
Bella Render is a spectral physically-based rendering engine developed by Diffuse Logic, a software company based in Barcelona , Spain . It has native plugins for Autodesk Maya , Rhinoceros 3D , and SketchUp , and also a stand alone program called Bella GUI that can import supported files for rendering. Bella has a de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella_Render_(software) |
A bellcrank is a type of crank that changes motion through an angle. The angle can range from 0 to 360 degrees, but 90-degree and 180-degree bellcranks are most common.
The name comes from its first use, changing the vertical pull on a rope to a horizontal pull on the striker of a bell to sound it.
A typical 90-degre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellcrank |
Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem is an unsolved minimization problem in geometry , originating in 1955 by the American applied mathematician Richard E. Bellman . [ 1 ] The problem is often stated as follows: "A hiker is lost in a forest whose shape and dimensions are precisely known to him. What is the best path for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman's_lost-in-a-forest_problem |
Bello Bako Dambatta (born 15 December 1950 in Kano , Kano State , Nigeria ) is a Nigerian chemist and university administrator. He served as the vice-chancellor of Bayero University, Kano from 1995 until 1999.
Dambatta was born on 15 December 1950 in the city of Kano, Nigeria. [ 1 ] He began his higher education at K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bello_Bako_Dambatta |
In physical chemistry , the Evans–Polanyi principle (also referred to as the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle , Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi principle , or Evans–Polanyi–Semenov principle ) observes that the difference in activation energy between two reactions of the same family is proportional to the difference of their enthal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell–Evans–Polanyi_principle |
A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction , or BZ reaction , is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics , resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator . The only common element in these oscillators is the inclusion of bromine and an acid. The reactions ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belousov–Zhabotinsky_reaction |
Belphegor's prime is the palindromic prime number 1 000 000 000 000 066 600 000 000 000 001 (10 30 + 666 × 10 14 + 1), a number which reads the same both backwards and forwards and is only divisible by itself and one.
Belphegor's prime was first discovered by Harvey Dubner [ 1 ] , a mathematician known for his discove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belphegor's_prime |
A belt dryer (belt drier) a kind of industrial dryer, is an apparatus which is used for continuous drying and cooling of woodchip, pellets, pastes, moulded compounds and panels using air, inert gas , or flue gas .
A Belt dryer / Belt cooler is a device designed for the particularly gentle thermal treatment of product.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_dryer |
The belt filter (sometimes called a belt press filter , or belt filter press ) is an industrial machine , used for solid/liquid separation processes, particularly the dewatering of sludges in the chemical industry , mining and water treatment . Belt filter presses are also used in the production of apple juice, cider a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_filter |
Belt friction is a term describing the friction forces between a belt and a surface, such as a belt wrapped around a bollard . When a force applies a tension to one end of a belt or rope wrapped around a curved surface, the frictional force between the two surfaces increases with the amount of wrap about the curved sur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_friction |
The belt problem is a mathematics problem which requires finding the length of a crossed belt that connects two circular pulleys with radius r 1 and r 2 whose centers are separated by a distance P . The solution of the belt problem requires trigonometry and the concepts of the bitangent line , the vertical angle , and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_problem |
Belt transects are used in biology , more specifically in biostatistics , to estimate the distribution of organisms in relation to a certain area, such as the seashore or a meadow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The belt transect method is similar to the line transect method but gives information on abundance as well as presence, or abs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_transect |
In fluid dynamics, Beltrami flows are flows in which the vorticity vector ω {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}} and the velocity vector v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } are parallel to each other. In other words, Beltrami flow is a flow in which the Lamb vector is zero. It is named after the Italian mathematician Eug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltrami_flow |
A beltweigher or belt weigher, more commonly known as a belt scale , is a piece of industrial control equipment used to measure the mass and flow rate of bulk material traveling over a conveyor belt. [ 1 ] Invented by Herbert Merrick in the early 1900's, belt weighers are commonly used in plants and heavy industries, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltweigher |
Belvinaviricetes is a class of viruses . [ 1 ]
Belvinaviricetes has four orders, listed hereafter: [ 2 ]
This virus -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvinaviricetes |
In chemistry , Bema Hapothle is an extended acronym for Bell – Marcus – Hammond – Polanyi – Thornton – Leffler , referring to the combined contribution of the theories of these chemists to the rationalization of changes in transition state structure to perturbations, such as change of reaction solvent . [ 1 ]
This che... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bema_Hapothle |
Bernard Lucas " Ben " Feringa ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈlykɑz bɛn ˈfeːrɪŋɣaː] ; born 18 May 1951) is a Dutch synthetic organic chemist , specializing in molecular nanotechnology and homogeneous catalysis .
He is the Jacobus van 't Hoff Distinguished Professor of Molecular Sciences , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] at the Strating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Feringa |
In the philosophy of mathematics , Benacerraf's identification problem is a philosophical argument developed by Paul Benacerraf against set-theoretic Platonism and published in 1965 in an article entitled "What Numbers Could Not Be". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Historically, the work became a significant catalyst in motivating the dev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benacerraf's_identification_problem |
The Benary reaction is an organic reaction . In 1931 Erich Bénary [ 1 ] [ 2 ] discovered that β-( N , N -dialkylamino)-vinyl ketones reacted with Grignard reagents in a 1,4-addition to give α,β-unsaturated ketones , α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated esters as well as poly-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benary_reaction |
Benazepril , sold under the brand name Lotensin among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure , heart failure , and diabetic kidney disease . [ 2 ] It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. [ 2 ] It is taken by mouth. [ 2 ] Versions are available as the combinations benazepril/ hyd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazepril |
In algebraic combinatorics , a Bender–Knuth involution is an involution on the set of semistandard tableaux , introduced by Bender & Knuth (1972 , pp. 46–47) in their study of plane partitions .
The Bender–Knuth involutions σ k {\displaystyle \sigma _{k}} are defined for integers k {\displaystyle k} , and act on the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender–Knuth_involution |
In applied mechanics , bending (also known as flexure ) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element.
The structural element is assumed to be such that at least one of its dimensions is a small fraction, typically... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending |
In solid mechanics , a bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam . The diagram shows a beam which is simply ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_moment |
A Bendix drive is a type of engagement mechanism used in starter motors of internal combustion engines . The device allows the pinion gear of the starter motor to engage or disengage the ring gear (which is attached to the flywheel or flexplate of the engine) automatically when the starter is powered or when the engine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendix_drive |
In mathematics, Bendixson's inequality is a quantitative result in the field of matrices derived by Ivar Bendixson in 1902. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The inequality puts limits on the imaginary and real parts of characteristic roots (eigenvalues) of real matrices. [ 3 ] A special case of this inequality leads to the result that char... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendixson's_inequality |
In mathematics , the Bendixson–Dulac theorem on dynamical systems states that if there exists a C 1 {\displaystyle C^{1}} function φ ( x , y ) {\displaystyle \varphi (x,y)} (called the Dulac function) such that the expression
has the same sign ( ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \neq 0} ) almost everywhere in a simply connected regi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendixson–Dulac_theorem |
Bene Meat Technologies a.s. (BMT) [ 1 ] is a Czech biotechnology start-up focused on research and development of technology for the production of cultivated meat on an industrial scale. It cooperates with scientific institutions and companies in the Czech Republic and abroad. [ 2 ] The company has its laboratories on t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene_Meat_Technologies |
Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution ) is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate , sodium citrate , and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. [ 1 ] It is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars and other reduci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict's_reagent |
The beneficial acclimation hypothesis ( BAH ) is the physiological hypothesis that acclimating to a particular environment (usually thermal) provides an organism with advantages in that environment. First formally tested by Armand Marie Leroi , Albert Bennett, and Richard Lenski in 1994, it has however been a central a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneficial_acclimation_hypothesis |
Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy . [ 1 ] Depending on the processes used in each instance, it is often referred to as ore dressing or ore milling .
Beneficiation is any process that improves (benefits) the economic valu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneficiation |
The Benesi–Hildebrand method is a mathematical approach used in physical chemistry for the determination of the equilibrium constant K and stoichiometry of non-bonding interactions. This method has been typically applied to reaction equilibria that form one-to-one complexes, such as charge-transfer complexes and host–g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benesi–Hildebrand_method |
Bengt Aurivillius (4 December, 1918 in Linköping – 2 May, 1994 in St. Peter's Parish, Malmöhus County [ 1 ] ) was a Swedish chemist known for his research in metal and mixed oxides .
Aurivillius received his basic scientific education at the then Stockholm University where he graduated in 1937 and earned a fil. lic. i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt_Aurivillius |
Bengt Mannervik (born 19 August 1943 in Stockholm ), [ 1 ] is a Swedish biochemist known especially for work on enzymes related to glutathione metabolism.
After secondary education under his birth name, Bengt Eriksson, at Norra Real in Stockholm, Bengt Mannervik studied at Stockholm University [ 1 ] where he obtained ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt_Mannervik |
Bengt Johan Fredrik Nordén (born May 15, 1945 in Lund ) is a Swedish chemist.
Bengt Nordén graduated 1967 with a Master of Science degree in chemistry, theoretical physics and mathematics from Lund University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1971 from Lund University where he became Associate Professor of Inorganic Chemis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt_Nordén |
Benitec Biopharma Limited is an Australian biotechnology company founded in 1997. [ 1 ] It is engaged in the development of gene-silencing therapies for the treatment of chronic and life-threatening diseases using DNA-directed RNA interference (ddRNAi) technology. [ 2 ]
The CSIRO has researched RNAi extensively, devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benitec_Biopharma |
The Benjamin Franklin Award is an annual award for Open Access in the Life Sciences presented by Bioinformatics.org to an individual who has, in his or her practice, promoted free and open access to the materials and methods used in the life sciences. [ 1 ]
Source: bioinformatics.org
This award -related article is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Award_(Bioinformatics) |
Benjamin W. Gung (born July 15, 1953) is a Chinese American organic chemist and academic. He is an emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Miami University . [ 1 ]
Gung and his research group have concentrated on two main areas: organic synthesis , including the total synthesis of natural products and the development of ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Gung |
Veniamin Fyodorovich Kagan ( Russian : Вениами́н Фёдорович Ка́ган ; 9 March 1869 – 8 May 1953) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician and expert in non-Euclidean geometry . [ 1 ] He is the maternal grandfather of mathematicians Yakov Sinai and Grigory Barenblatt .
Kagan was born in Shavli, in the Kovno Governorate of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Kagan |
Benjaminiella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Mucoraceae . [ 1 ]
The genus name of Benjaminiella is in honour of Richard Keith Benjamin (1922 - 2002), an American botanist from Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden . [ 2 ]
Species: [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjaminiella |
The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes . The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally liquid ammonia ) with an alkali metal (traditionally sodium) and a pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benkeser_reaction |
Bennett's laws of quantum information are:
where ⩾ {\displaystyle \geqslant } indicates "can do the job of".
These principles were formulated around 1993 by Charles H. Bennett .
This quantum mechanics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This computing article is a stub . You can he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett's_laws |
Bennett Offshore, L.L.C. , [ 3 ] is an independent naval architecture , design and consulting firm founded in 1997 by William T. Bennett, Jr., to deliver engineering services to the offshore industry. Bennett headquarters are located in Houston, Texas , and the company has an engineering office in New Orleans, Louisian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett_Offshore |
The Bennett acceptance ratio method ( BAR ) is an algorithm for estimating the difference in free energy between two systems (usually the systems will be simulated on the computer).
It was suggested by Charles H. Bennett in 1976. [ 1 ]
Take a system in a certain super (i.e. Gibbs) state. By performing a Metropolis Mon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett_acceptance_ratio |
Benson group-increment theory (BGIT) , group-increment theory , or Benson group additivity uses the experimentally calculated heat of formation for individual groups of atoms to calculate the entire heat of formation for a molecule under investigation. This can be a quick and convenient way to determine theoretical hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson_group_increment_theory |
In chemistry, Bent's rule describes and explains the relationship between the orbital hybridization and the electronegativities of substituents . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The rule was stated by Henry A. Bent as follows: [ 2 ]
Atomic s character concentrates in orbitals directed toward electropositive substituents.
Valence bond th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule |
A bent in American English is a transverse rigid frame (or similar structures such as three-hinged arches ). Historically, bents were a common way of making a timber frame ; they are still often used for such, and are also seen in small steel-frame buildings, where the term portal frame is more commonly used. The term... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_(structural) |
In organic chemistry , a bent bond , also known as a banana bond , is a type of covalent chemical bond with a geometry somewhat reminiscent of a banana . The term itself is a general representation of electron density or configuration resembling a similar "bent" structure within small ring molecules, such as cyclopropa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_bond |
In the mathematical field of combinatorics , a bent function is a Boolean function that is maximally non-linear; it is as different as possible from the set of all linear and affine functions when measured by Hamming distance between truth tables . Concretely, this means the maximum correlation between the output of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_function |
In chemistry , molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry , also known as angular or V-shaped . Certain atoms, such as oxygen, will almost always set their two (or more) covalent bonds in non-collinear directions due to their electron configuration . Water (H 2 O) is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_molecular_geometry |
Benthic-pelagic coupling are processes that connect the benthic zone and the pelagic zone through the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients. These processes play a prominent role in both freshwater and marine ecosystems and are influenced by a number of chemical, biological, and physical forces that are crucial to fun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic-pelagic_coupling |
Benthos (from Ancient Greek βένθος ( bénthos ) ' the depths [of the sea] ' ), also known as benthon , is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of a sea , river , lake , or stream , also known as the benthic zone . [ 1 ] This community lives in or near marine or freshwater sedimentary environme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthos |
In mathematics , a Benz plane is a type of 2- dimensional geometrical structure, named after the German mathematician Walter Benz . The term was applied to a group of objects that arise from a common axiomatization of certain structures and split into three families, which were introduced separately: Möbius planes , La... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_plane |
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 . The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon .
Benzene is a natural con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on benzene .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended to seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its directions. MSDS for benzene is available at AMO... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene_(data_page) |
The Benzene Convention (C136) is an International Labour Organization standard adopted in 1971 which seeks to regulate exposure to benzene processes and products at work. [ 1 ]
Benzene is a classified carcinogen that significantly increases the risk of developing cancer and is a common cause for bone marrow failure. R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene_Convention |
Benzeneselenol , also known as selenophenol , is the organoselenium compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 Se H , often abbreviated Ph SeH. It is the selenium analog of phenol . This colourless, malodorous compound is a reagent in organic synthesis . [ 1 ]
Benzeneselenol is prepared by the reaction of phenylmagnes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzeneselenol |
Benzenesulfonyl chloride is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SO 2 Cl. It is a colourless viscous oil that dissolves in organic solvents, but reacts with compounds containing reactive N-H and O-H bonds. It is mainly used to prepare sulfonamides and sulfonate esters by reactions with amines and alcohols ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzenesulfonyl_chloride |
Benzer Pharmacy , formerly known as Rx Care Pharmacy , is an independent pharmacy chain in the United States with 85 owned stores and 38 franchised stores. [ 1 ] Headquartered in Tampa, Florida , the retail pharmacy ranked in position 1500 in the 2015 Inc. 5000 for the fastest-growing private company in America [ 2 ] a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzer_Pharmacy |
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation is an enzyme-catalyzed , bacterial chemical reaction . Benzoate is degraded aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation forms catechol . Anaerobic degradation forms cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonylCoA. A hybrid degradation forms Acetyl-CoA and Succinyl-CoA. [ 1 ]
[ 2 ]
This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate_degradation_via_hydroxylation |
(–)-Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane ( BPAP ; developmental code name FPFS-1169 ) is an experimental drug related to selegiline which acts as a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 2 ] It is orally active in animals. [ 3 ]
BPAP is a highly potent MAE and enhances the nerve impulse propagation-media... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane |
Benzophenone is a naturally occurring organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 5 ) 2 CO, generally abbreviated Ph 2 CO. Benzophenone has been found in some fungi, fruits and plants, including grapes. [ 4 ] It is a white solid with a low melting point and rose-like odor [ 5 ] that is soluble in organic solvents. Benzoph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzophenone |
A benzopyrene is an organic compound with the formula C 20 H 12 . Structurally speaking, the colorless isomers of benzopyrene are pentacyclic hydrocarbons and are fusion products of pyrene and a phenylene group . Two isomeric species of benzopyrene are benzo[ a ]pyrene and the less common benzo[ e ]pyrene . They belong... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzopyrene |
Benzotrifuroxan is a heterocyclic organic compound that is related to 1,2,5-oxadioles . The high-energy compound is explosive .
The compound was first synthesized in 1924 by O. Turek as hexanitrosobenzene . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In addition to the hexanitroso structure, symmetric polycyclic structures could also be formulated. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzotrifuroxan |
The biosynthesis of benzoxazinone , a cyclic hydroxamate and a natural insecticide , has been well-characterized in maize and related grass species. [ 1 ] In maize, genes in the pathway are named using the symbol bx . Maize Bx-genes are tightly linked, a feature that has been considered uncommon for plant genes of a bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoxazinone_biosynthesis |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on benzoyl peroxide .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as eChemPortal search query 94-36-0 , and follow its direct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoyl_peroxide_(data_page) |
Benzvalene is an organic compound and one of several isomers of benzene . [ 1 ] It was first synthesized in 1967 by K. E. Wilzbach et al. [ 2 ] via photolysis of benzene and the synthesis was later improved by Thomas J. Katz et al. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The 1971 synthesis consisted of treating cyclopentadiene with methyllithium... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzvalene |
Benzyl butyl phthalate ( BBP ) is an organic compound historically used as a plasticizer , which has now been largely phased out due to health concerns. It is a phthalate ester of containing benzyl alcohol , and n -butanol tail groups. Like most phthalates, BBP is non-volatile and remains liquid over a wide range of te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_butyl_phthalate |
Benzyl carbamate is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 OC(O)NH 2 . The compound can be viewed as the ester of carbamic acid (O=C(OH)(NH 2 )) and benzyl alcohol, although it is produced from benzyl chloroformate with ammonia . [ 1 ] It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents and moderately s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_carbamate |
Benzyl chloroformate , also known as benzyl chlorocarbonate or Z-chloride , is the benzyl ester of chloroformic acid . It can be also described as the chloride of the benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz or Z) group. In its pure form it is a water-sensitive oily colorless liquid, although impure samples usually appear yellow. It pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_chloroformate |
Benzyl cyanide (abbreviated BnCN ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 CN. This colorless oily aromatic liquid is an important precursor to numerous compounds in organic chemistry . [ 3 ] It is also an important pheromone in certain species. [ 4 ]
Benzyl cyanide can be produced via Kolbe nitr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_cyanide |
Benzylic activation in tricarbonyl(arene)chromium complexes refers to the reactions at the benzylic position of aromatic rings complexed to chromium(0) . Complexation of an aromatic ring to chromium stabilizes both anions and cations at the benzylic position and provides a steric blocking element for diastereoselective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzylic_activation_in_tricarbonyl(arene)chromium_complexes |
In organic chemistry , a benzylidene acetal is the functional group with the structural formula C 6 H 5 CH(OR) 2 (R = alkyl, aryl). Benzylidene acetals are used as protecting groups in glycochemistry. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These compounds can also be oxidized to carboxylic acids in order to open important biological molecules, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzylidene_acetal |
Benzylpenicillin , also known as penicillin G ( PenG [ 4 ] ) or BENPEN , [ 5 ] is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections . [ 6 ] This includes pneumonia , strep throat , syphilis , necrotizing enterocolitis , diphtheria , gas gangrene , leptospirosis , cellulitis , and tetanus . [ 6 ] It is not a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzylpenicillin |
Benzyltriethylammonium hydroxide is a quaternary ammonium salt that functions as an organic base.
Together with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide , salts of benzyltriethylammonium are common phase-transfer catalysts . [ 1 ]
This article about an organic compound is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyltriethylammonium_hydroxide |
Benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride is a quaternary ammonium salt. It is commercially available as the hydrate. The compound is a source of organic-soluble fluoride to removal of silyl ether protecting groups . As is the case for tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride and most other quaternary ammonium fluorides, the compound ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyltrimethylammonium_fluoride |
Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide , also known as Triton B or trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide , is a quaternary ammonium salt that functions as an organic base. It is usually handled as a solution in water or methanol . The compound is colourless, although the solutions often appear yellowish. [ 1 ] Commercial sample... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyltrimethylammonium_hydroxide |
In organic chemistry , arynes [ 1 ] and benzynes [ 2 ] are a class of highly reactive chemical species derived from an aromatic ring by removal of two substituents . Arynes are examples of didehydroarenes (1,2-didehydroarenes in this case), although 1,3- and 1,4-didehydroarenes are also known. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Arynes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyne_mechanism |
BeppoSAX was an Italian–Dutch satellite for X-ray astronomy which played a crucial role in resolving the origin of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most energetic events known in the universe. It was the first X-ray mission capable of simultaneously observing targets over more than 3 orders-of-magnitude of energy, from 0.1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeppoSAX |
The Beraha constants are a series of mathematical constants by which the n th {\displaystyle n{\text{th}}} Beraha constant is given by
Notable examples of Beraha constants include B ( 5 ) {\displaystyle B(5)} is φ + 1 {\displaystyle \varphi +1} , where φ {\displaystyle \varphi } is the golden ratio , B ( 7 ) {\display... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beraha_constants |
The Berendsen thermostat [ 1 ] is an algorithm to re-scale the velocities of particles in molecular dynamics simulations to control the simulation temperature. It is named after Herman Berendsen .
In this scheme, the system is weakly coupled to a heat bath with some temperature. The thermostat suppresses fluctuations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berendsen_thermostat |
In mathematical physics , the Berezin integral , named after Felix Berezin , (also known as Grassmann integral , after Hermann Grassmann ), is a way to define integration for functions of Grassmann variables (elements of the exterior algebra ). It is not an integral in the Lebesgue sense; the word "integral" is used be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezin_integral |
The Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless ( BKT ) transition is a phase transition of the two-dimensional (2-D) XY model in statistical physics . It is a transition from bound vortex-antivortex pairs at low temperatures to unpaired vortices and anti-vortices at some critical temperature. The transition is named for condensed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless_transition |
The Bergeron diagram method is a method to evaluate the effect of a reflection on an electrical signal. This graphic method—based on the real characteristic of the line—is valid for both linear and non-linear models and helps to calculate the delay of an electromagnetic signal on an electric transmission line.
Using t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergeron_diagram |
The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. In 1931 Bergius was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of high-pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergius_process |
Robert George Bergman
The Masamune-Bergman cyclization or Masamune-Bergman reaction or Masamune-Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen donor ( Scheme 1 ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the most famo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergman_cyclization |
Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade , populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. The rule derives from the relationship between size in linear di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann's_rule |
The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis process for the preparation of dipeptides .
In the presence of a base, peptides are formed by aminolysis of N-carboxyanhydrides of amino acids with amino acid esters ( 1 ). [ 1 ]
This reaction can be looked at in further detail by Bailey. [ 3 ]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann_azlactone_peptide_synthesis |
The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid ( C-terminal ) end of a peptide . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First demonstrated by Max Bergmann in 1934, it is a rarely used method for sequencing peptides. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] The later developed Edman degradation is an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann_degradation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.