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Bilins , bilanes or bile pigments are biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins . Bilin (also called bilichrome) was named as a bile pigment of mammals , but can also be found in lower vertebrates , invertebrates , as well as red algae , green plants and cyanobacteria . B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilin_(biochemistry) |
In mathematics , a bilinear form is a bilinear map V × V → K on a vector space V (the elements of which are called vectors ) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars ). In other words, a bilinear form is a function B : V × V → K that is linear in each argument separately:
The dot product on R n {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_form |
Bilingual interactive activation plus ( BIA+ ) is a model for understanding the process of bilingual language comprehension and consists of two interactive subsystems: the word identification subsystem and task/decision subsystem. [ 1 ] It is the successor of the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) model [ 2 ] which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_interactive_activation_plus |
In geometry, the Bilinski dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron with twelve congruent golden rhombus faces. It has the same topology as the face-transitive rhombic dodecahedron , but a different geometry. It is a parallelohedron , a polyhedron that can tile space with translated copies of itself.
This shape appears in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinski_dodecahedron |
Biliproteins are pigment protein compounds that are located in photosynthesising organisms such as algae , and sometimes also in certain insects. They refer to any protein that contains a bilin chromophore. In plants and algae, the main function of biliproteins is to make the process of light accumulation required for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliprotein |
Bilirubin ( BR ) (adopted from German, originally bili—bile—plus ruber—red—from Latin ) is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. [ 3 ] Another breakdown product, stercobilin , causes the brown color of feces.
Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin |
Bilirubin di-glucuronide is a conjugated form of bilirubin formed in bilirubin metabolism. [ 1 ] The hydrophilic character of bilirubin diglucuronide enables it to be water-soluble. It is pumped across the hepatic canalicular membrane into the bile by the transporter MRP2 . [ 2 ]
This biochemistry article is a stub . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin_diglucuronide |
Bilirubin glucuronide is a water-soluble reaction intermediate over the process of conjugation of indirect bilirubin . [ 1 ] Bilirubin glucuronide itself belongs to the category of conjugated bilirubin along with bilirubin di-glucuronide . [ 2 ] However, only the latter one is primarily excreted into the bile in the no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin_glucuronide |
William Allen Casselman (born November 27, 1941) is an American Canadian mathematician who works in representation theory and automorphic forms . He is a professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia . [ 1 ] He is closely connected to the Langlands program and has been involved in posting all of the work of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Casselman |
William Howard Wallace Inman , MRCP, FRCP, FFPHM (1 August 1929 – 20 October 2005), also known as WHW Inman , was a British doctor and pioneer of methods and systems to detect risks of treatment with drugs. As well as holding positions in health institutions in the UK, he was active in international efforts to co-ordin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Inman |
William Moog (August 15, 1915–1997) is known for inventing the electrohydraulic servo valve in 1951. [ 1 ] He founded Moog Inc. , which makes actuators for aircraft.
He was born in New Jersey. His cousin was Robert Moog , one of the leading pioneers of the modern synthesizer.
Moog was married and had three daughters.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moog |
A bill of quantities is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials , parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_quantities |
Bimetal refers to an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together. Instead of being a mixture of two or more metals, like alloys , bimetallic objects consist of layers of different metals. Trimetal and tetrametal refer to objects composed of three and four separate metals respectively. A bimetal bar i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetal |
A bimetallic nanoparticle is a combination of two different metals that exhibit several new and improved properties. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Bimetallic nano materials can be in the form of alloys , core-shell, or contact aggregate. Due to their novel properties, they have gained a lot of attention among the scientific and in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_nanoparticle |
A bimetallic strip or bimetal strip is a strip that consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated. They are used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The different expansions force the flat strip to bend one way if heated, and in the opposite dire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_strip |
Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy (bimodal AFM) is an advanced atomic force microscopy technique characterized by generating high-spatial resolution maps of material properties. Topography, deformation, elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient or magnetic field maps might be generated. Bimodal AFM is based on the simultane... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimodal_atomic_force_microscopy |
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (also known as BiFC ) is a technology typically used to validate protein interactions. It is based on the association of fluorescent protein fragments that are attached to components of the same macromolecular complex. Proteins that are postulated to interact are fused to unfo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimolecular_fluorescence_complementation |
Bin picking (also referred to as random bin picking ) is a core problem in computer vision and robotics . The goal is to have a robot with sensors and cameras attached to it pick-up known objects with random poses out of a bin using a suction gripper, parallel gripper, or other kind of robot end effector .
Early work... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_picking |
A bin tipper , also known as a bin-tipper, bin lifter, cart dumper or Dumpmaster, is a machine which mechanically lifts and inverts bins/carts for the purpose of emptying them. Bin tippers are a type of lifting equipment used in many industries, including waste management , food processing , chemical manufacturing and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_tipper |
Bina Shaheen Siddiqui is a Pakistani chemist and the Director of the H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry at the University of Karachi . [ 1 ] Siddiqui graduated from the University of Karachi with an MPhil in 1978. [ 2 ] In 1980, she graduated from the same university with a PhD in organic chemistry. [ 1 ]
She spec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina_Shaheen_Siddiqui |
In software engineering and numerical analysis , a binade is a set of numbers in a binary floating-point format that all have the same sign and exponent.
In other words, a binade is the interval [ 2 e , 2 e + 1 ) {\displaystyle [2^{e},2^{e+1})} or ( − 2 e + 1 , − 2 e ] {\displaystyle (-2^{e+1},-2^{e}]} for some integer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binade |
Binary-code compatibility (binary compatible or object-code compatible) is a property of a computer system , meaning that it can run the same executable code , typically machine code for a general-purpose computer central processing unit (CPU), that another computer system can run. Source-code compatibility , on the ot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-code_compatibility |
Binary angular measurement ( BAM ) [ 1 ] (and the binary angular measurement system , BAMS [ 2 ] ) is a measure of angles using binary numbers and fixed-point arithmetic , in which a full turn is represented by the value 1. The unit of angular measure used in those methods may be called binary radian ( brad ) or binar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Angular_Measurement_System |
The Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance ( BBH Challenge Alliance ) was a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to simulating the sources and predicting the waveforms for gravitational waves , in anticipation of gravitational radiation experiments such as LIGO ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Black_Hole_Grand_Challenge_Alliance |
In mathematics and computer science , the binary Goppa code is an error-correcting code that belongs to the class of general Goppa codes originally described by Valerii Denisovich Goppa , but the binary structure gives it several mathematical advantages over non-binary variants, also providing a better fit for common u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Goppa_code |
Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode ( BOCU ) is a MIME compatible Unicode compression scheme. BOCU-1 combines the wide applicability of UTF-8 with the compactness of Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode (SCSU). This Unicode encoding is designed to be useful for compressing short strings, and maintains code point ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode |
Binary Reed–Solomon coding ( BRS ), which belongs to a RS code , is a way of encoding that can fix node data loss in a distributed storage environment. It has maximum distance separable (MDS) encoding properties. Its encoding and decoding rate outperforms conventional RS coding and optimum CRS coding .
RS coding is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_Reed–Solomon_encoding |
An adder , or summer , [ 1 ] is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors , adders are used in the arithmetic logic units (ALUs). They are also used in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses , table indices , increment and decr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_adder |
Binary angular measurement ( BAM ) [ 1 ] (and the binary angular measurement system , BAMS [ 2 ] ) is a measure of angles using binary numbers and fixed-point arithmetic , in which a full turn is represented by the value 1. The unit of angular measure used in those methods may be called binary radian ( brad ) or binar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_angular_measurement |
Binary chemical weapons or munitions are chemical weapons which contain the toxic agent in its active state as chemical precursors that are significantly less toxic than the agent. This improves the safety of storing, transporting, and disposing of the weapon. Commonly, firing the munition removes a barrier between two... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_chemical_weapon |
A binary clock is a clock that displays the time of day in a binary format. Originally, such clocks showed each decimal digit of sexagesimal time as a binary value, but presently binary clocks also exist which display hours, minutes, and seconds as binary numbers. Most binary clocks are digital , although analog varie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_clock |
In condensed-matter physics , the binary collision approximation ( BCA ) is a heuristic used to more efficiently simulate the penetration depth and defect production by energetic ions (with kinetic energies in the kilo-electronvolt ( keV ) range or higher) in solids . In the method, the ion is approximated to travel th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_collision_approximation |
Binary combinatory logic ( BCL ) is a computer programming language that uses binary terms 0 and 1 to create a complete formulation of combinatory logic using only the symbols 0 and 1. [ 1 ] Using the S and K combinators, complex boolean algebra functions can be made. BCL has applications in the theory of program-size ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_combinatory_logic |
Binary angular measurement ( BAM ) [ 1 ] (and the binary angular measurement system , BAMS [ 2 ] ) is a measure of angles using binary numbers and fixed-point arithmetic , in which a full turn is represented by the value 1. The unit of angular measure used in those methods may be called binary radian ( brad ) or binar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_degree |
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication . The name is a portmanteau of binary digit . [ 1 ] The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values . These values are most commonly represented as either " 1 " or " 0 " , but other representations such as true / fal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_digit |
In coding theory and information theory , a binary erasure channel ( BEC ) is a communications channel model. A transmitter sends a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver either receives the bit correctly, or with some probability P e {\displaystyle P_{e}} receives a message that the bit was not received ("erased") .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_erasure_channel |
Binary ethylenimine ( BEI ) is a preparation of aziridine . It can be produced by heating bromoethylamine hydrobromide or 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate in the presence of sodium hydroxide ( Gabriel method ). It contains at least one three-membered ring which is very reactive because of the ring strain.
It is used to i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_ethylenimine |
A binary expression tree is a specific kind of a binary tree used to represent expressions . Two common types of expressions that a binary expression tree can represent are algebraic [ 1 ] and boolean . These trees can represent expressions that contain both unary and binary operators. [ 1 ]
Like any binary tree, eac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_expression_tree |
Binary liquid is a type of chemical combination, which creates a special reaction or feature as a result of mixing two liquid chemicals, that are normally inert or have no function by themselves. A number of chemical products are produced as a result of mixing two chemicals as a binary liquid, such as plastic foams and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_liquid |
In astronomy , the binary mass function or simply mass function is a function that constrains the mass of the unseen component (typically a star or exoplanet ) in a single-lined spectroscopic binary star or in a planetary system . It can be calculated from observable quantities only, namely the orbital period of the bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_mass_function |
In materials chemistry , a binary phase or binary compound is a chemical compound containing two different elements. Some binary phase compounds are molecular, e.g. carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). More typically binary phase refers to extended solids. Famous examples zinc sulfide , which contains zinc and sulfur, and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_phase |
Binary angular measurement ( BAM ) [ 1 ] (and the binary angular measurement system , BAMS [ 2 ] ) is a measure of angles using binary numbers and fixed-point arithmetic , in which a full turn is represented by the value 1. The unit of angular measure used in those methods may be called binary radian ( brad ) or binar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_radians |
A binary symmetric channel (or BSC p ) is a common communications channel model used in coding theory and information theory . In this model, a transmitter wishes to send a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver will receive a bit. The bit will be "flipped" with a "crossover probability " of p , and otherwise is recei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_symmetric_channel |
The Binder parameter or Binder cumulant [ 1 ] [ 2 ] in statistical physics , also known as the fourth-order cumulant U L = 1 − ⟨ s 4 ⟩ L 3 ⟨ s 2 ⟩ L 2 {\displaystyle U_{L}=1-{\frac {{\langle s^{4}\rangle }_{L}}{3{\langle s^{2}\rangle }_{L}^{2}}}} is defined as the kurtosis (more precisely, minus one third times the exc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder_parameter |
BindingDB [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is a public, web-accessible database of measured binding affinities, focusing chiefly on the interactions of proteins considered to be candidate drug-targets with ligands that are small, drug-like molecules. As of March, 2011, BindingDB contains about 650,000 binding data, for 5,700 p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BindingDB |
In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology , a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_coefficient |
The binding constant , or affinity constant/association constant , is a special case of the equilibrium constant K , [ 1 ] and is the inverse of the dissociation constant . [ 2 ] It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of receptor (R) and ligand (L) molecules, which is formalized as:
The reaction is c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_constant |
In physics and chemistry , binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts. [ 1 ] In the former meaning the term is predominantly used in condensed matter physics , atomic physics , and chemistry, wher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy |
A binding neuron (BN) is an abstract concept of processing of input impulses in a generic neuron based on their temporal coherence and the level of neuronal inhibition. Mathematically, the concept may be implemented by most neuronal models including the well-known leaky integrate-and-fire model. The BN concept origin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_neuron |
In chemistry , binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex . Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one liga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_selectivity |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity . [ 1 ] The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand . [ 2 ] Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_site |
The Binet equation , derived by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet , provides the form of a central force given the shape of the orbital motion in plane polar coordinates . The equation can also be used to derive the shape of the orbit for a given force law, but this usually involves the solution to a second order nonlinear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binet_equation |
In algebra , the Binet–Cauchy identity , named after Jacques Philippe Marie Binet and Augustin-Louis Cauchy , states that [ 1 ] ( ∑ i = 1 n a i c i ) ( ∑ j = 1 n b j d j ) = ( ∑ i = 1 n a i d i ) ( ∑ j = 1 n b j c j ) + ∑ 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ( a i b j − a j b i ) ( c i d j − c j d i ) {\displaystyle \left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binet–Cauchy_identity |
In topology , a branch of mathematics , Bing's recognition theorem , named for R. H. Bing , asserts that a necessary and sufficient condition for a 3-manifold M to be homeomorphic to the 3-sphere is that every Jordan curve in M be contained within a topological ball . It is a weak version of the Poincaré conjecture .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing's_recognition_theorem |
In topology , the Bing metrization theorem , named after R. H. Bing , characterizes when a topological space is metrizable .
The theorem states that a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is metrizable if and only if it is regular and T 0 and has a σ-discrete basis . A family of sets is called σ-discrete when it is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_metrization_theorem |
The Bingel reaction in fullerene chemistry is a fullerene cyclopropanation reaction to a methanofullerene first discovered by C. Bingel in 1993 with the bromo derivative of diethyl malonate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or DBU . [ 1 ] The preferred double bonds for this reaction on the fullerene sur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingel_reaction |
In materials science , a Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene C. Bingham who proposed its mathematical form in 1916. [ 1 ]
It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in drilling engineeri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingham_plastic |
In mathematics , the Bing–Borsuk conjecture states that every n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional homogeneous absolute neighborhood retract space is a topological manifold . The conjecture has been proved for dimensions 1 and 2, and it is known that the 3-dimensional version of the conjecture implies the Poincaré conjectu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing–Borsuk_conjecture |
In thermodynamics , the binodal , also known as the coexistence curve or binodal curve , denotes the state of a multi-component system at which the system's distinct phases straddle between coexistence or miscibility. Equivalently, it is the boundary on which thermodynamics favors the system components to dissolve or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binodal |
In algebra , a binomial is a polynomial that is the sum of two terms, each of which is a monomial . [ 1 ] It is the simplest kind of a sparse polynomial after the monomials.
A binomial is a polynomial which is the sum of two monomials. A binomial in a single indeterminate (also known as a univariate binomial) can be w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_(polynomial) |
In mathematics , the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem . Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers n ≥ k ≥ 0 and is written ( n k ) . {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{k}}.} It is the coefficient of the x k term in the polynomial expansi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient |
In mathematics , the binomial differential equation is an ordinary differential equation of the form ( y ′ ) m = f ( x , y ) , {\displaystyle \left(y'\right)^{m}=f(x,y),} where m {\displaystyle m} is a natural number and f ( x , y ) {\displaystyle f(x,y)} is a polynomial that is analytic in both variables. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_differential_equation |
In taxonomy , binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature , is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature |
In mathematics , specifically in number theory , a binomial number is an integer which can be obtained by evaluating a homogeneous polynomial containing two terms. It is a generalization of a Cunningham number .
A binomial number is an integer obtained by evaluating a homogeneous polynomial containing two terms, also ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_number |
In mathematics , the binomial series is a generalization of the binomial formula to cases where the exponent is not a positive integer:
where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is any complex number , and the power series on the right-hand side is expressed in terms of the (generalized) binomial coefficients
The binomial seri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_series |
The binomial sum variance inequality states that the variance of the sum of binomially distributed random variables will always be less than or equal to the variance of a binomial variable with the same n and p parameters. In probability theory and statistics , the sum of independent binomial random variables is itself... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_sum_variance_inequality |
In elementary algebra , the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion ) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial . According to the theorem, the power ( x + y ) n {\displaystyle \textstyle (x+y)^{n}} expands into a polynomial with terms of the form a x k y m {\displaystyle \textstyle ax^{k}y^{m}} ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem |
In mathematics , a polynomial sequence , i.e., a sequence of polynomials indexed by non-negative integers { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , … } {\textstyle \left\{0,1,2,3,\ldots \right\}} in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree , is said to be of binomial type if it satisfies the sequence of identities
Many such seque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_type |
Binucleated cells are cells that contain two nuclei . This type of cell is most commonly found in cancer cells and may arise from a variety of causes. Binucleation can be easily visualized through staining and microscopy . In general, binucleation has negative effects on cell viability and subsequent mitosis .
They al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binucleated_cells |
In coordination chemistry , a binucleating ligand binds two metals. Much attention has been directed toward such ligands that hold metals side-by-side, such that the pair of metals can bind substrates cooperatively. [ 1 ]
A variety of metalloenzymes feature bimetallic active sites . Examples include superoxide dismu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binucleating_ligand |
A field-effect transistor-based biosensor , also known as a biosensor field-effect transistor ( Bio-FET [ 1 ] or BioFET ), field-effect biosensor ( FEB ), [ 2 ] or biosensor MOSFET , [ 3 ] is a field-effect transistor (based on the MOSFET structure) [ 3 ] that is gated by changes in the surface potential induced by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-FET |
Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems . Bio-MEMS have considerable overlap, and is sometimes considered synonymous, with lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS) . Bio-MEMS is typically more focused on mechanical parts and microfabrication technolog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-MEMS |
Bio-based building materials incorporate biomass, which is derived from renewable materials of biological origin such as plants , (normally co-products from the agro-industrial and forestry sector), animals , enzymes , and microorganisms , including bacteria , fungi , and yeast . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Today bio-based materials ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-based_building_materials |
A bio-based material is a material intentionally made, either wholly or partially, from substances derived from living (or once-living) organisms , [ 1 ] such as plants , animals , enzymes , and microorganisms , including bacteria , fungi and yeast . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Due to their main characteristics of being renewable and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-based_material |
Bio-geoengineering is a form of climate engineering which seeks to increase the solar reflectivity (or albedo ) of crops by modifying physiological leaf and/or canopy traits to help reduce regional surface warming . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Bio-geoengineering relies on the manipulation of crop attributes, such as through selective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-geoengineering |
Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a subcategory of bio-inspired design. It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems. More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems, [ 1 ] including Biomimicry . Biomimicry is co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-inspired_robotics |
Bio-layer interferometry ( BLI ) is an optical biosensing technology that analyzes biomolecular interactions in real-time without the need for fluorescent labeling. [ 1 ] Alongside Surface Plasmon Resonance , BLI is one of few widely available label-free biosensing technologies, a detection style that yields more infor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-layer_interferometry |
A BioBlitz , also written without capitals as bioblitz , is an intense period of biological surveying in an attempt to record all the living species within a designated area. Groups of scientists, naturalists, and volunteers conduct an intensive field study over a continuous time period (e.g., usually 24 hours). There ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioBlitz |
BioBrick parts are DNA sequences which conform to a restriction-enzyme assembly standard. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These building blocks are used to design and assemble larger synthetic biological circuits from individual parts and combinations of parts with defined functions, which would then be incorporated into living cells such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioBrick |
The BioCompute Object ( BCO ) project is a community-driven initiative to build a framework for standardizing and sharing computations and analyses generated from High-throughput sequencing (HTS—also referred to as next-generation sequencing or massively parallel sequencing ). The project has since been standardized as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCompute_Object |
BioCreAtIvE (A critical assessment of text mining methods in molecular biology ) consists in a community-wide effort for evaluating information extraction and text mining developments in the biological domain. [ 1 ]
It was preceded by the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) Challenge Cup for detection of gene me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCreative |
BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Durham, North Carolina . The company is a late stage biotech company that focuses on oral drugs for rare and serious diseases. BioCryst's antiviral drug peramivir (Rapivab) was approved by FDA in December 2014. It has also been approv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCryst_Pharmaceuticals |
The BioCyc database collection is an assortment of organism specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs) that provide reference to genome and metabolic pathway information for thousands of organisms. [ 1 ] As of July 2023, there were over 20,040 databases within BioCyc. [ 2 ] SRI International , [ 3 ] based in Menlo Park,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCyc_database_collection |
BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport (BEST) was a four-year project financially supported by the European Union for promoting the introduction and market penetration of bioethanol as a vehicle fuel, and the introduction and wider use of flexible-fuel vehicles and ethanol-powered vehicles on the world market. The projec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioEthanol_for_Sustainable_Transport |
BioFabric is an open-source software application for graph drawing . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It presents graphs as a node-link diagram, but unlike other graph drawing tools that depict the nodes using discrete symbols, it represents nodes using horizontal lines. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Traditional node-link methods for visualizing netw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioFabric |
The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets ( BioGRID ) is a curated biological database of protein -protein interactions, genetic interactions , chemical interactions, and post-translational modifications created in 2003 (originally referred to as simply the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID |
BioLegend is a global developer and manufacturer of antibodies and reagents used in biomedical research located in San Diego, California . [ 1 ] It was incorporated in June 2002 and has since expanded to include BioLegend Japan KK, where it is partnered with Tomy Digital Biology Co., Ltd. in Tokyo, BioLegend Europe in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioLegend |
BioMOBY is a registry of web services used in bioinformatics . It allows interoperability between biological data hosts and analytical services by annotating services with terms taken from standard ontologies. BioMOBY is released under the Artistic License . [ 1 ]
The BioMoby project began at the Model Organism Bring ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMOBY |
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. is an American biotechnology company headquartered in San Rafael, California . It has offices and facilities in the United States , South America , Asia , and Europe . BioMarin's core business and research is in enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs). BioMarin was the first company to provide ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMarin_Pharmaceutical |
BioModels is a free and open-source repository for storing, exchanging and retrieving quantitative models of biological interest created in 2006. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] All the models in the curated section of BioModels Database have been described in peer-reviewed scientific literature.
The models stored in BioModels' cur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioModels |
BioMotiv is an accelerator company associated with The Harrington Project , an initiative centered at University Hospitals of Cleveland . [ 1 ] Therapeutic opportunities were identified through relationships with The Harrington Discovery Institute, university and research institutions, disease foundations, and industry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMotiv |
BioPAX (Biological Pathway Exchange) is a RDF / OWL -based
standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level. Its major use is to facilitate the exchange of pathway data. Pathway data captures our understanding of biological processes, but
its rapid growth necessitates development o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioPAX |
BioSentinel is a lowcost CubeSat spacecraft on a astrobiology mission that will use budding yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on DNA repair over long time beyond low Earth orbit . [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
Selected in 2013 for a 2022 launch, the spacecraft will operate in the deep space radiat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSentinel |
BioSimGrid was a project to make data sets from computer simulations in the field of modelling biological systems , particularly biomolecular structures , more accessible to researchers. The project began in 2004 and halted by 2009.
In 2004 designers presented the concept of the project as a " protein data bank extend... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSimGrid |
BioSteel was a trademark name for a high-strength fiber-based material made of the recombinant spider silk -like protein extracted from the milk of transgenic goats , made by defunct Montreal-based company Nexia Biotechnologies, and later by the Randy Lewis lab of the University of Wyoming and Utah State University . [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSteel_(fiber) |
BioTapestry is an open source software application for modeling and visualizing gene regulatory networks (GRNs). [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
BioTapestry was created at the Institute of Systems Biology in Seattle, in collaboration with the Davidson Lab at the California Institute of Technology . The project was initiated to support t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioTapestry |
BioTech Foods is a Spanish biotechnology company dedicated to the development of cultured meat from the cultivation of muscle cells previously extracted from animals. It is a subsidiary of Brazilian company JBS S.A.
The company is based in Donostia–San Sebastián , Basque Country and was co-founded in 2017 by the CTO o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioTech_Foods |
BioUML (Biological Universal Modeling Language) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an open-source web-based software platform written in Java with support for JavaScript and R . The main field is systems biology and data analysis - visualization of biological data, modeling of biological systems, as well as access to bioinformatics databa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioUML |
BioViva is an American biotechnology gene therapy company, based in Bainbridge Island, Washington , researching treatments to stop or reverse the aging process in humans. [ 1 ]
BioViva was founded in 2015. [ 2 ] The CEO, Elizabeth Parrish, started the company by becoming the first person in human history to take gene ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioViva |
The BioWeb is the connotation for a network of web-enabled biological devices (e.g. trees , plants , and flowers ) which extends an internet of things to the Internet of Living Things of natural sensory devices. The BioWeb devices give insights to real-time ecological data and feedback to changes in the environment . T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioWeb |
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