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Capecitabine , sold under the brand name Xeloda among others, is a anticancer medication used to treat breast cancer , gastric cancer and colorectal cancer . [ 2 ] For breast cancer it is often used together with docetaxel . [ 3 ] It is taken by mouth . [ 3 ]
Common side effects include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capecitabine |
Capella is an open-source solution for model-based systems engineering ( MBSE ). Hosted at polarsys.org, this solution provides a process and tooling for graphical modeling of systems , hardware or software architectures, in accordance with the principles and recommendations defined by the Arcadia method. Capella is an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capella_(engineering) |
In mathematics , Capelli's identity , named after Alfredo Capelli ( 1887 ), is an analogue of the formula det( AB ) = det( A ) det( B ), for certain matrices with noncommuting entries, related to the representation theory of the Lie algebra g l n {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {gl}}_{n}} . It can be used to relate an invari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capelli's_identity |
A capillaritron is a device for creating ion and atom rays.
The capillaritron, the basic concept of which was published in 1981, consists of a fine metal capillary through which gas flows as an anode and a concentric extraction cathode with an outlet opening. A flow of gas through the capillary is extracted when high ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaritron |
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity , capillary motion , capillary rise , capillary effect , or wicking ) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of external forces like gravity .
The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a paint-brush, in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action |
Capillary action through synthetic mesh is the result of the intermolecular attraction between moisture and semi- synthetic polymers , causing a current of thermionic energy through a specific pathway within a mesh material. The combination of the adhesive forces and the surface tension that arises from cohesion produ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action_through_synthetic_mesh |
In materials science and biology , capillary condensation is the "process by which multilayer adsorption from the vapor [phase] into a porous medium proceeds to the point at which pore spaces become filled with condensed liquid from the vapor [phase]." [ 1 ] The unique aspect of capillary condensation is that vapor con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_condensation |
In chemical analysis , capillary electrochromatography ( CEC ) is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is driven through the chromatographic bed by electro-osmosis . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Capillary electrochromatography is a combination of two analytical techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and cap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_electrochromatography |
Capillary electrophoresis ( CE ) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels. Very often, CE refers to capillary zone electrophoresis ( CZE ), but other electrophoretic techniques including capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_electrophoresis |
Capillary flow porometry , also known as porometry, is a characterization technique based on the displacement of a wetting liquid from the sample pores by applying a gas at increasing pressure. It is widely used to measure minimum, maximum (or first bubble point) and mean flow pore sizes, and pore size distribution in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_flow_porometry |
The capillary fringe is the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due to tension saturation. This saturated portion of the capillary fringe is less than the total capillary rise because of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_fringe |
The capillary length or capillary constant is a length scaling factor that relates gravity and surface tension . It is a fundamental physical property that governs the behavior of menisci, and is found when body forces (gravity) and surface forces ( Laplace pressure ) are in equilibrium.
The pressure of a static fluid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_length |
In fluid statics , capillary pressure ( p c {\displaystyle {p_{c}}} ) is the pressure between two immiscible fluids in a thin tube (see capillary action ), resulting from the interactions of forces between the fluids and solid walls of the tube. Capillary pressure can serve as both an opposing or driving force for flui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_pressure |
In fluid mechanics and mathematics , a capillary surface is a surface that represents the interface between two different fluids . As a consequence of being a surface, a capillary surface has no thickness in slight contrast with most real fluid interfaces.
Capillary surfaces are of interest in mathematics because the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_surface |
A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension .
Capillary waves are common in nature , and are often referred to as ripples . The wavelength of capillary waves on water is typically less than a few centimeter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_wave |
Capital breeding and income breeding refer to the methods by which some organisms perform time breeding [ 1 ] and use resources to finance their breeding. [ 2 ] The former "describes the situation in which reproduction is financed using stored capital; [whereas the latter] [...] refers to the use of concurrent intake t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_and_income_breeding |
Capnellene is a naturally occurring tricyclic hydrocarbon derived from Capnella imbricata , a species of soft coral found in Indonesia . Since the 1970s, capnellene has been targeted for synthesis by numerous investigators due to its stereochemistry , functionality, and the interesting geometry of the carbon skeleton. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnellene |
In chemistry , the capped octahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of a gyroelongated triangular pyramid . This shape has C 3v symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for heptacoordinate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capped_octahedral_molecular_geometry |
In chemistry , the capped square antiprismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where nine atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a gyroelongated square pyramid . The symmetry group of the resulting object is C 4v .
The gyroelongated square py... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capped_square_antiprismatic_molecular_geometry |
In chemistry , the capped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of an augmented triangular prism . This shape has C 2v symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for heptacoordin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capped_trigonal_prismatic_molecular_geometry |
A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the process of being synthesized in the cell nucleus during the first stages of gene expression . The addition of the cap occurs co-transcriptionally , after the growing RNA molecule contains as little ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capping_enzyme |
Caproate fermentation is a metabolic process used by different bacteria to utilize different organic substrates for the production of caproic acid (hexanoic acid) as well as other valuable byproducts. [ 1 ] Caproic acid is a valuable compound in food industries as a flavor additive, feedstock for chemical industries, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caproate_fermentation |
Capsinoids are non-alkaloid substances naturally present in chili peppers . Although they are structurally similar to capsaicin , the substance that causes pungency in hot peppers, they largely lack that characteristic. Capsinoids have an estimated "hot taste threshold" which is about 1/1000 that of capsaicin. [ citati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsinoid |
The capstan equation [ 1 ] or belt friction equation , also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula [ 2 ] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein ), [ 3 ] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a flexible line is wound around a cylinder (a bollard , a winch or a capstan ). [ 4 ] [ 1 ]
It also applies for fract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capstan_equation |
The lens capsule is a component of the globe of the eye . [ 1 ] It is a clear elastic basement membrane similar in composition to other basement membranes in the body. The capsule is a very thick basement membrane [ 2 ] and the thickness varies in different areas on the lens surface and with the age of the animal. It i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsular_bag |
C. corticalis
Capsulimonas is a Gram-negative , non- spore -forming, aerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Capsulimonadaceae with one known species ( Capsulimonas corticalis ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Capsulimonas corticalis has been isolated from the surface of a beech ( Fagus crenata ) [ 3 ]
This ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsulimonas |
The Captive Primate Safety Act (H.R. 8164; S.4206) is proposed United States legislation that modifies the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 to treat nonhuman primates as prohibited wildlife species, allowing exemptions for zoos and research facilities. The bill would eliminate the use of primates in the domestic pet trade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_Primate_Safety_Act |
Captive breeding , also known as captive propagation , is the process of keeping plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos , botanic gardens , and other conservation facilities. It is sometimes employed to help species that are being threatened by the effects of human activities such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_breeding |
The captive bubble method is a method for measuring the contact angle between a liquid and a solid , by using drop shape analysis. [ 1 ] In this method, a bubble of air is injected beneath a solid, the surface of which is located in the liquid , instead of placing a drop on the solid as in the case of the sessile drop ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_bubble_method |
The captodative effect is the stabilization of radicals by a synergistic effect of an electron-withdrawing substituent and an electron-donating substituent. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name originates as the electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is sometimes called the "captor" group, whilst the electron-donating group (EDG) is the "da... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captodative_effect |
Captopril , sold under the brand name Capoten among others, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure . Captopril was the first oral ACE inhibitor found for the treatment of hypertension. [ 2 ] It does not cause fatigue as assoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril |
Caput mortuum (plural capita mortua ; literally "dead head") is a Latin term used in alchemy to signify a useless substance left over from a chemical operation such as sublimation and the epitome of decline and decay (alternatively called nigredo ). Alchemists represented this residue with a stylized human skull, a lit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caput_mortuum |
In mathematics , the Caputo fractional derivative , also called Caputo-type fractional derivative, is a generalization of derivatives for non-integer orders named after Michele Caputo. Caputo first defined this form of fractional derivative in 1967. [ 1 ]
The Caputo fractional derivative is motivated from the Riemann–... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caputo_fractional_derivative |
CarWings , renamed NissanConnect in 2015, and also branded as Infiniti InTouch is a vehicle telematics service offered by the Nissan Motor Company to drivers in Japan, the United States , Canada, Great Britain, and most other countries. It provides mobile connectivity for on-demand traffic information services and inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarWings |
The car analogy is a common technique, used predominantly in engineering textbooks, to ease the understanding of abstract concepts in which a car , its composite parts, and common circumstances surrounding it are used as analogs for elements of the conceptual systems . The car analogy can be seen elsewhere, in textbook... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_analogy |
In mathematics , Carathéodory's existence theorem says that an ordinary differential equation has a solution under relatively mild conditions. It is a generalization of Peano's existence theorem . Peano's theorem requires that the right-hand side of the differential equation be continuous, while Carathéodory's theorem ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carathéodory's_existence_theorem |
Carathéodory's theorem is a theorem in convex geometry . It states that if a point x {\displaystyle x} lies in the convex hull C o n v ( P ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {Conv} (P)} of a set P ⊂ R d {\displaystyle P\subset \mathbb {R} ^{d}} , then x {\displaystyle x} lies in some d {\displaystyle d} -dimensional simplex with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carathéodory's_theorem_(convex_hull) |
The Caravelli-Traversa-Di Ventra equation (CTDV) is a closed-form equation to the evolution of networks of memristors . It was derived by Francesco Caravelli ( Los Alamos National Laboratory ), Fabio L. Traversa (Memcomputing Inc.) and Massimiliano Di Ventra ( UC San Diego ) to study the exact evolution of complex circ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravelli-Traversa-Di_Ventra_equation |
In organic chemistry , a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula R 2 NC(O)OR and structure >N−C(=O)−O− , which are formally derived from carbamic acid ( NH 2 COOH ). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate ), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamate |
Carbamino refers to an adduct generated by the addition of carbon dioxide to the free amino group of an amino acid or a protein , such as hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin . [ 1 ]
It is possible to determine how much carbamino is formed through the techniques of electron ionization and mass spectrometry. In deter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamino |
Carbaminohemoglobin ( carbaminohaemoglobin BrE ) ( CO 2 Hb , also known as carbhemoglobin and carbohemoglobin ) is a compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide , and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood . [ 1 ] In blood , 23% of carbon dioxide is carried this way, while 70% is converted into b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaminohemoglobin |
A carbamoyl chloride is the functional group with the formula R 2 NC(O)Cl. The parent carbamoyl chloride, H 2 NCOCl is unstable, but many N-substituted analogues are known. Most examples are moisture sensitive, colourless, and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. An example is dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (m.p. −90 °C ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamoyl_chloride |
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide . It is a white crystalline solid previously sold under the brand name Sevin , which was a trademark of the Bayer Company. The Sevin trademark has since been acquired by GardenTech , which has eliminated carbaryl ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaryl |
In chemistry, a carbazide is a functional group with the general formula RNH−NH(C=O)NH−NHR . They can be derived from the condensation of carbonic acid with a hydrazine . Carbohydrazide is the simplest carbazide, with another common carbazide being diphenylcarbazide, which is used as an analytical reagent. [ 1 ]
Diphe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbazide |
Disintegration = 302 -305 degree
Temperature of disintegration = 1.5 - 2 hrs
Disintegration temp = 1.5 - 2 hrs
Carbendazim is a fungicide , a member benzimidazole fungicides . It is a metabolite of benomyl . [ 2 ]
The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, stra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbendazim |
In organic chemistry , a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons . The general formula is R−:C−R' or R=C: where the R represents substituents or hydrogen atoms.
The term "carbene" may also refer to the specific compound :CH 2 , also called methyle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbene |
Carbene C−H insertion in organic chemistry concerns the insertion reaction of a carbene into a carbon–hydrogen bond . This organic reaction is of some importance in the synthesis of new organic compounds. [ 1 ]
Simple carbenes such as the methylene and dichlorocarbene are not regioselective towards insertion. When the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbene_C−H_insertion |
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene . This reaction is often considered an unwanted side-reaction but it is also investigated as a synthetic tool. In this reaction type either the two carbenic intermediates react or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbene_dimerization |
Carbene radicals are a special class of organometallic carbenes . The carbene radical can be formed by one-electron reduction of Fischer-type carbenes using an external reducing agent, or directly upon carbene formation at an open-shell transition metal complex (in particular low-spin cobalt(II) complexes) using diazo ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbene_radical |
Carbfix is an Icelandic company founded in 2007. It has developed an approach to permanently store CO 2 by dissolving it in water and injecting it into basaltic rocks. Once in the subsurface, the injected CO 2 reacts with the host rock forming stable carbonate minerals, thus providing permanent storage of the injected ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbfix |
In chemistry , a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy , carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. [ 1 ]
The carbides of the group 4, 5 and 6 transition metals (with the exception of chromium) are often described as interstiti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbide |
A carbide lamp or acetylene gas lamp is a simple lamp that produces and burns acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), which is created by the reaction of calcium carbide (CaC 2 ) with water (H 2 O). [ 1 ]
Acetylene gas lamps were used to illuminate buildings, as lighthouse beacons, and as headlights on motor-cars and bicycles. Portable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbide_lamp |
Moderately toxic for small animals – Highly toxic to large animals and humans (in high concentrations) – May be fatal/ lethal or cause blindness and damage to the liver , kidneys , and heart if swallowed – Toxicity effects from repeated over exposure have an accumulative effect on the central nervous system , especiall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbinol |
In industrial chemistry , carboalkoxylation is a process for converting alkenes to esters . This reaction is a form of carbonylation . A closely related reaction is hydrocarboxylation , which employs water in place of alcohols .
A commercial application is the carbomethoxylation of ethylene to give methyl propionate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboalkoxylation |
In organic chemistry , carboboration is an addition of both a carbon and a boron moiety to certain carbon-containing double and triple bonds, such as alkenes , alkynes , and allenes .
In the synthesis of organic compounds , this chemical reaction is used to install a new carbon-carbon bond and carbon-boron bond. The p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboboration |
Carbocatalysis is a form of catalysis that uses heterogeneous carbon materials for the transformation or synthesis of organic or inorganic substrates. The catalysts are characterized by their high surface areas, surface functionality, and large, aromatic basal planes . Carbocatalysis can be distinguishable from suppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbocatalysis |
Carbochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of coal ( bituminous coal , coal tar , anthracite , lignite , graphite , and charcoal ) into useful products and raw materials. [ 1 ] The processes that are used in carbochemistry include degasification processes such as carbonization and coking ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbochemistry |
In organic chemistry , a carbodiimide (systematic IUPAC name: methanediimine [ 1 ] ) is a functional group with the formula RN=C=NR. On Earth they are exclusively synthetic, but in interstellar space the parent compound HN=C=NH has been detected by its maser emissions. [ 2 ]
A well known carbodiimide is dicyclohexylca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbodiimide |
Carbogen , also called Meduna's Mixture after its inventor Ladislas Meduna , is a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas. Meduna's original formula was 30% CO 2 and 70% oxygen, but the term carbogen can refer to any mixture of these two gases, from 1.5% [ 1 ] to 50% [ 2 ] CO 2 . It is a hallucinogen . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbogen |
A carbohydrate ( / ˌ k ɑːr b oʊ ˈ h aɪ d r eɪ t / ) is a biomolecule composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms . The typical hydrogen-to-oxygen atomic ratio is 2:1, analogous to that of water, and is represented by the empirical formula C m (H 2 O) n (where m and n may differ). This formula does not im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate |
Carbohydrate Polymers is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the entire scope of carbohydrate polymers and the research and exploitation of polysaccharides . The journal is published by Elsevier . [ 1 ]
The journal is abstracted and indexed in several databases including: [ 2 ]
According to the Journal Cit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_Polymers |
Carbohydrate Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the chemistry of carbohydrates . It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1965. The editor-in-chief is M. Carmen Galan ( University of Bristol ). According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2022 impact factor of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_Research |
Carbohydrate Structure Database ( CSDB ) is a free curated database and service platform in glycoinformatics , launched in 2005 [ 2 ] by a group of Russian scientists from N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences. CSDB stores published structural, taxonomical, bibliographic and NMR-spe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_Structure_Database |
In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group . The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D- ribose 1 . With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under thermodynamic reaction co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_acetalisation |
Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy-rich compound called ATP . The production of ATP is achieved through the oxidation of glucose molecules. In oxidation, the electrons are stripped from a glucose molecule to reduce NAD+ and FAD . NAD+ and FAD possess a high energy potential to drive the prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism |
Carbohydrate conformation refers to the overall three-dimensional structure adopted by a carbohydrate ( saccharide ) molecule as a result of the through-bond and through-space physical forces it experiences arising from its molecular structure . The physical forces that dictate the three-dimensional shapes of all molec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_conformation |
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin ( CDT , also known as desialotransferrin or asialotransferrin ) is a laboratory test used to help detect heavy ethanol consumption. [ 1 ]
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is elevated in the blood of people with heavy alcohol consumption but elevated levels can also be found in a nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_deficient_transferrin |
Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation , breakdown , and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms .
Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways . [ 1 ] Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water through... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism |
Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned with generating complex carbohydrate structures from simple units (monosaccharides). The generation of carbohydrate structures usually involves linking monosaccharides or oligosaccharides through glycosidic bonds, a process called glycosylation . Ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_synthesis |
Carbol fuchsin , carbol-fuchsin , carbolfuchsin , or Castellani's paint is a mixture of phenol and basic fuchsin that is used in bacterial staining procedures. It is commonly used in the staining of mycobacteria because it has an affinity for the mycolic acids found in their cell membranes .
It is a component of Ziehl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbol_fuchsin |
A carbometallation is any reaction where a carbon-metal bond reacts with a carbon-carbon π-bond to produce a new carbon-carbon σ-bond and a carbon-metal σ-bond. [ 1 ] The resulting carbon-metal bond can undergo further carbometallation reactions (oligomerization or polymerization see Ziegler-Natta polymerization) or it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbometalation |
Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane is a chemical compound used in organic syntheses. It contains a phosphorus atom bound to three phenyl groups , and doubly bound to the alpha position of methyl acetate . It undergoes a Wittig reaction . [ 1 ] It is used in the Vitamin B12 total synthesis .
Carbomethoxymethylen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane |
Carbon-13 ( 13 C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons . As one of the environmental isotopes , it makes up about 1.1% of all natural carbon on Earth.
A mass spectrum of an organic compound will usually contain a small peak of one mass unit greater than the ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-13 |
Carbon satellites in physics and spectroscopy , are small peaks that can be seen shouldering the main peaks in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum . These peaks can occur in the NMR spectrum of any NMR active atom (e.g. 19 F or 31 P NMR ) where those atoms adjoin a carbon atom (and where the spectrum is not 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-13_NMR_satellite |
Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (most commonly known as carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy or 13 C NMR spectroscopy or sometimes simply referred to as carbon NMR ) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to carbon . It is analogous to proton NMR ( 1 H NMR) and allows the identification of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-13_nuclear_magnetic_resonance |
Carbon-14 , C-14 , 14 C or radiocarbon , is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons . Its presence in organic matter is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues (1949) to date archaeological, geological and hydrogeological sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-14 |
Carbon is a primary component of all known life on Earth , and represents approximately 45–50% of all dry biomass . [ 1 ] Carbon compounds occur naturally in great abundance on Earth. Complex biological molecules consist of carbon atoms bonded with other elements , especially oxygen and hydrogen and frequently also nit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-based_life |
Carbon-carbon bond activation refers to the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in organic molecules. This process is an important tool in organic synthesis , as it allows for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds and the construction of complex organic molecules. [ 1 ] However, C–C bond activation is challenging mainly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-carbon_bond_activation |
Carbon-neutral fuel is fuel which produces no net- greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint . In practice, this usually means fuels that are made using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a feedstock . Proposed carbon-neutral fuels can broadly be grouped into synthetic fuels , which are made by chemically hydrogenating carbo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-neutral_fuel |
A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ( C/N ratio or C:N ratio ) is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in organic residues . It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and soil including soil organic matter and soil amendments such as compost .
In the analysis of sediments, C/N ratios are a p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio |
Carbon is a scientific journal published by Elsevier . According to the journal's website, "Carbon publishes papers that deal with original research on carbonaceous solids with an emphasis on graphene-based materials. These materials include, but are not limited to, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and filaments, graphi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_(journal) |
Carbon Balance and Management is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by BioMed Central . The journal covers research on the global carbon cycle . [ 1 ] The journal was established in 2006 and is abstracted and indexed in PubMed , Agricola , CAB International , Chemical Abstracts Service , EMBASE , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Balance_and_Management |
Carbon Copy was "a remote control/communications program" [ 1 ] with for-its-day advanced features for remote screen sharing, [ 2 ] background file transfer , and "movable chat windows". [ 3 ]
The New York Times described it thus: "you can sit at the console of either machine and call up
the programs and files stored ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Copy_(software) |
A carbon budget is a concept used in politics of climate change to help set greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets in a fair and effective way. It examines the "maximum amount of cumulative net global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions that would result in limiting global warming to a given level". [ 2 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_budget |
Carbon chauvinism is a neologism meant to disparage the assumption that the chemical processes of hypothetical extraterrestrial life must be constructed primarily from carbon ( organic compounds ) because as far as is known, carbon's chemical and thermodynamic properties render it far superior to all other elements at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_chauvinism |
Carbon compounds are chemical substances containing carbon . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] More compounds of carbon exist than any other chemical element except for hydrogen . Organic carbon compounds are far more numerous than inorganic carbon compounds. In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds . Carbon is tetr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_compounds |
The carbon cycle is a part of the biogeochemical cycle where carbon is exchanged among the biosphere , pedosphere , geosphere , hydrosphere , and atmosphere of Earth . Other major biogeochemical cycles include the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle . Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a maj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its directions. MSDS for solid carbon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_(data_page) |
Carbon dioxide hydrate or carbon dioxide clathrate is a snow-like crystalline substance composed of water ice and carbon dioxide . [ 1 ] It normally is a Type I gas clathrate . [ 2 ] There has also been some experimental evidence for the development of a metastable Type II phase at a temperature near the ice melting po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_clathrate |
A carbon dioxide generator or CO 2 generator is a machine used to enhance carbon dioxide levels in order to promote plant growth in greenhouses or other enclosed areas. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Carbon dioxide generators have been used to help grow marijuana. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They can be fueled with propane or natural gas . CO 2 generato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_generator |
In Earth's atmosphere , carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect , carbon cycle , photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle . It is one of three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth . The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere reached 427 ppm (0.042... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth's_atmosphere |
Carbon dioxide reforming (also known as dry reforming ) is a method of producing synthesis gas (mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide ) from the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrocarbons such as methane with the aid of metal catalysts (typically Ni or Ni alloys). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Synthesis gas is conventionally produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_reforming |
Carbon dioxide removal ( CDR ) is a process in which carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is removed from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities and durably stored in geological, terrestrial, or ocean reservoirs, or in products. [ 3 ] : 2221 This process is also known as carbon removal , greenhouse gas removal or negative emi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal |
A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft , submersible craft or airtight chambers . Carbon dioxide scrubbers are also used in controlled... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber |
A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft , submersible craft or airtight chambers . Carbon dioxide scrubbers are also used in controlled... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubbing_reaction |
Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide ) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS 2 and structure S=C=S . It is also considered as the anhydride of thiocarbonic acid . [ 8 ] It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. Pure carbon disul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_disulfide |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon disulfide .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its direction. MSDS available from Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_disulfide_(data_page) |
Carbon fiber testing is a set of various different tests that researchers use to characterize the properties of carbon fiber. The results for the testing are used to aid the manufacturer and developers decisions selecting and designing material composites, manufacturing processes and for ensured safety and integrity. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiber_testing |
Carbon films are thin film coatings which consist predominantly of the chemical element carbon . They include plasma polymer films , amorphous carbon films ( diamond-like carbon , DLC), CVD diamond films as well as graphite films.
Carbon films are produced by deposition using gas-phase deposition processes, in most ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_film_(technology) |
Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated carbon to remove impurities from a fluid using adsorption .
Carbon filtering works by adsorption , in which pollutants in the fluid to be treated are trapped inside the pore structure [ 1 ] of a carbon substrate. The substrate is made of many carbo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_filtering |
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