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The Carlson curve is a term to describe the rate of DNA sequencing or cost per sequenced base as a function of time. [ 1 ] It is the biotechnological equivalent of Moore's law . Carlson predicted that the doubling time of DNA sequencing technologies (measured by cost and performance) would be at least as fast as Moore'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_curve |
Carly Stevens is a professor of plant ecology and soil biogeochemistry at University of Lancaster , UK. Her work focuses on how changes in the atmospheric nitrogen cycle affect plant communities, particularly grasslands.
Carly Joanne Stevens has been awarded B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees. In 2004 her PhD was awarded by the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carly_Stevens |
In mathematics , a Carlyle circle is a certain circle in a coordinate plane associated with a quadratic equation ; it is named after Thomas Carlyle . The circle has the property that the solutions of the quadratic equation are the horizontal coordinates of the intersections of the circle with the horizontal axis . Carl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlyle_circle |
Carme Jordi is a Catalan astronomer. She is a teacher in the Department of Astronomy and Meteorology at the University of Barcelona . [ 1 ] She is a member of the Gaia science team, advising the European Space Agency on the scientific aspects of their missions. [ 2 ]
This article about an astronomer is a stub . You ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carme_Jordi |
In number theory , Carmichael's theorem , named after the American mathematician R. D. Carmichael ,
states that, for any nondegenerate Lucas sequence of the first kind U n ( P , Q ) with relatively prime parameters P , Q and positive discriminant, an element U n with n ≠ 1, 2, 6 has at least one prime divisor that does... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmichael's_theorem |
The Carnegie Collection was a series of authentic replicas based on dinosaurs and other extinct prehistoric creatures, using fossils featured at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History as references. They were produced by Florida -based company Safari Ltd ., known for their hand-painted replicas, from 1988 to 2015, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_collection |
The Carnegie rule is a rule of thumb suggesting how much outside-of-classroom study time is required to succeed in an average higher education course in the U.S. system. Typically, the Carnegie rule is reported as two or more hours of outside work required for each hour spent in the classroom. [ 1 ]
The idea is based ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_rule |
Carnitine biosynthesis is a method for the endogenous production of L-carnitine , a molecule that is essential for energy metabolism . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In humans and many other animals , L-carnitine is obtained from both diet and by biosynthesis . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The carnitine biosynthesis pathway is highly conserve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine_biosynthesis |
Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In support of energy metabolism, carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol into mitochondria to be oxidized for free energy production, and also participates in remov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine_shuttle |
A carnivore / ˈ k ɑːr n ɪ v ɔːr / , or meat-eater ( Latin , caro , genitive carnis , meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle , fat and other soft tissues ) as food , whether through pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore |
Carnobacterium pleistocenium is a recently discovered bacterium from the arctic part of Alaska . It was found in permafrost , seemingly frozen there for 32,000 years. Melting the ice, however, brought these extremophiles back to life. This is the first case of an organism "coming back to life" from ancient ice. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnobacterium_pleistocenium |
Carnosine ( beta -alanyl- L -histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine . It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues . [ citation needed ] Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich . [ 1 ]
Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosine |
A Carnot heat engine [ 2 ] is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle . The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically explored by Rudolf Clausius in 1857... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine |
Carnoy's solution is a fixative composed of 60% ethanol , 30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid , 1 gram of ferric chloride. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Carnoy's solution is also the name of a different fixation composed of ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
The invention of Carnoy's solution is attributed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnoy's_solution |
Caroline Thomas Rumbold (July 22, 1877 – November 7, 1949) was an American botanist . She specialized in forest pathology . Her researches focused on “fungus diseases of trees and blue stain fungi of wood.” [ 1 ]
Born on July 22, 1877, in St. Louis , Missouri , United States, Caroline Thomas Rumbold was the daughter o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Thomas_Rumbold |
Carolyn Yackel is an American mathematician who has been Professor of Mathematics at Mercer University in Macon, Georgia since 2001. From 1998 to 2001 she was Max Zorn Visiting Assistant Professor of Mathematics at Indiana University . [ 1 ]
Yackel's mother, Erna Beth Yackel , was a mathematics educator on the faculty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Yackel |
Carotenoids ( / k ə ˈ r ɒ t ɪ n ɔɪ d / ) are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae , as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi . [ 1 ] Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins , carrots , parsnips , corn , tomatoes , canaries , flamingos , salmon , lobster , s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid |
Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments synthesized by various organisms, including plants , algae , and photosynthetic bacteria. They are characterized by their vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors, which contribute significantly to the coloration of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids play essential roles in pho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid_biosynthesis |
Carotenoid oxygenases are a family of enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids to produce, for example, retinol , commonly known as vitamin A . This family includes an enzyme known as RPE65 which is abundantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it catalyzed the formation of 11-cis-retinol from al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid_oxygenase |
In step-growth polymerization , the Carothers equation (or Carothers' equation ) gives the degree of polymerization , X n , for a given fractional monomer conversion, p .
There are several versions of this equation, proposed by Wallace Carothers , who invented nylon in 1935.
The simplest case refers to the formation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carothers_equation |
Carpanone is a naturally occurring lignan -type natural product most widely known for the remarkably complex way nature prepares it, and the similarly remarkable success that an early chemistry group, that of Orville L. Chapman, had at mimicking nature's pathway. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Carpanone is an organic compound first isola... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpanone |
The carpenter's rule problem is a discrete geometry problem, which can be stated in the following manner: Can a simple planar polygon be moved continuously to a position where all its vertices are in convex position , so that the edge lengths and simplicity are preserved along the way? A closely related problem is to s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter's_rule_problem |
Carpology is a discipline of botany devoted to the study of seeds and fruits . The German inventor Joseph Gaertner , an 18th-century doctor and botanist, dedicated his life to the study of natural history . He considered its inventor . When the discipline is applied to archaeological remains, it is known as paleocarpol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpology |
Carrefour Group, S.A. ( French : Groupe Carrefour , [kaʁfuʁ] ⓘ ), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy , France. It operates a chain of hypermarkets , grocery stores and convenience stores . By 2024, the group had 14,000 stores in 40 countries. [ 1 ] It is the seventh-larg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrefour_Mobile |
Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins is a Canadian philosopher who holds a Canada Research Chair [ 1 ] and is Professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia . [ 2 ] She is also a professor at the Northern Institute of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen . [ 3 ] Her primary research areas are epistemology , metaphysics... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Ichikawa_Jenkins |
In telecommunications , the carrier-to-noise ratio , often written CNR or C/N , is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a modulated signal. The term is used to distinguish the CNR of the radio frequency passband signal from the SNR of an analog base band message signal after demodulation . For example, with FM radio, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-to-noise_ratio |
The Linux Foundation ( LF ) is a non-profit organization established in 2000 to support Linux development and open-source software projects. [ 2 ]
The Linux Foundation started as Open Source Development Labs in 2000 to standardize and promote the open-source operating system kernel Linux . [ 3 ] It merged with Free St... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Grade_Linux |
Carrier IQ was a privately owned mobile software company founded in 2005 in Sunnyvale, California . It provided diagnostic analysis of smartphones to the wireless industry via the installation of software on the user's phone, typically in a manner that cannot be removed without rooting the phone. The company says that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_IQ |
In wireless communication , carrier aggregation is a technique used to increase the data rate per user, whereby multiple frequency blocks (called component carriers ) are assigned to the same user. [ 1 ] The maximum possible data rate per user is increased the more frequency blocks are assigned to a user. The sum data ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_aggregation |
In telecommunications , a " carrier grade " or " carrier class " refers to a system , or a hardware or software component that is extremely reliable, well tested and proven in its capabilities. Carrier grade systems are tested and engineered to meet or exceed "five nines" high availability standards, and provide very ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_grade |
Carrier oil , also known as base oil or vegetable oil , is used to dilute essential oils and absolutes before they are applied to the skin in massage and aromatherapy . They are so named because they carry the essential oil onto the skin at a safe concentration. [ 1 ] Diluting essential oils is a critical safety pract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_oil |
Carrion (from Latin caro ' meat ' ), also known as a carcass , is the decaying flesh of dead animals.
Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers ) include crows , vultures , humans , hawks , eagles , [ 1 ] hyenas , [ 2 ] Virginia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion |
In physics , Carroll's paradox arises when considering the motion of a falling rigid rod that is specially constrained. Considered one way, the angular momentum stays constant; considered in a different way, it changes. It is named after Michael M. Carroll who first published it in 1984.
Consider two concentric circ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll's_paradox |
The Carroll rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry and involves the transformation of a β- keto allyl ester into a α-allyl-β-ketocarboxylic acid. [ 1 ] This organic reaction is accompanied by decarboxylation and the final product is a γ,δ-allylketone. The Carroll rearrangement is an adaptation o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_rearrangement |
The carry-less product of two binary numbers is the result of carry-less multiplication of these numbers.
This operation conceptually works like long multiplication except for the fact that the carry is discarded instead of applied to the more significant position.
It can be used to model operations over finite fields ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-less_product |
A carry-save adder [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ nb 1 ] is a type of digital adder , used to efficiently compute the sum of three or more binary numbers. It differs from other digital adders in that it outputs two (or more) numbers, and the answer of the original summation can be achieved by adding these outputs together. A carry save... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-save_adder |
In computer processors , the carry flag (usually indicated as the C flag ) is a single bit in a system status register /flag register used to indicate when an arithmetic carry or borrow has been generated out of the most significant arithmetic logic unit (ALU) bit position. The carry flag enables numbers larger than a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_flag |
The carry operator , symbolized by the ¢ sign, is an abstraction of the operation of determining whether a portion of an adder network generates or propagates a carry . It is defined as follows:
This mathematics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This theoretical computer science –... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_operator |
In telecommunications , the Carson's bandwidth rule defines the approximate bandwidth requirements of communications system components for a carrier signal that is frequency modulated by a continuous or broad spectrum of frequencies rather than a single frequency. Carson's rule does not apply well when the modulating s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_bandwidth_rule |
The " Carta di Siracusa on Biodiversity " is a political document agreed at the G8 Environmental Ministers Meeting, held in Syracuse (Sicily) from 22 to 24 April 2009.
The document is organized in a preamble and four sections. The common decision to leave part of the official title of the document in Italian was taken... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_di_Siracusa_on_Biodiversity |
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement on biosafety as a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) effective since 2003. The Biosafety Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by genetically modifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena_Protocol_on_Biosafety |
In mathematics , Cartan's lemma refers to a number of results named after either Élie Cartan or his son Henri Cartan : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan's_lemma |
In mathematics, the Cartan formula can mean:
See Steenrod algebra for the detail. The name derives from Henri Cartan , son of Élie. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan_formula |
Given an exterior differential system defined on a manifold M , the Cartan–Kuranishi prolongation theorem says that after a finite number of prolongations the system is either in involution (admits at least one 'large' integral manifold), or is impossible.
The theorem is named after Élie Cartan and Masatake Kuranishi ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan–Kuranishi_prolongation_theorem |
In mathematics , the Cartan–Kähler theorem is a major result on the integrability conditions for differential systems , in the case of analytic functions , for differential ideals I {\displaystyle I} . It is named for Élie Cartan and Erich Kähler .
It is not true that merely having d I {\displaystyle dI} contained in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan–Kähler_theorem |
The Carte du Ciel ( French pronunciation: [kaʁt dy sjɛl] ; literally, 'Map of the Sky') and the Astrographic Catalogue (or Astrographic Chart ) were two distinct but connected components of a massive international astronomical project, initiated in the late 19th century, to catalogue and map the positions of millions o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte_du_Ciel |
Carteirada ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kaʁtejˈɾadɐ] ) is a situation in which one seeks advantage or privilege due to their position, profession, financial or social status. Usually, it involves seeking minor non-financial advantages, such as using one's status to facilitate obtaining preferences, favors, tolerances, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carteirada |
The Carter–Goddard–Malrieu–Trinquier model (better known as CGMT model) is a model in inorganic chemistry , used for the description and prediction of distortions in multiple bonding systems of main group elements . [ 1 ]
The model predicts that if the double bond is homolytically cleaved in a system R 1 R 2 M = MR 3 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter–Goddard–Malrieu–Trinquier_model |
Cartes du Ciel ("CDC" and "SkyChart") is a free and open source planetarium program for Linux , macOS , and Windows . [ 2 ] With the change to version 3, Linux has been added as a target platform, licensing has changed from freeware to GPLv2 and the project moved to a new website.
CDC includes the ability to control c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartes_du_Ciel |
A Cartesian coordinate robot (also called linear robot ) is an industrial robot whose three principal axes of control are linear (i.e. they move in a straight line rather than rotate) and are at right angles to each other. [ 1 ] The three sliding joints correspond to moving the wrist up-down, in-out, back-forth. Among ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_robot |
In geometry , a Cartesian coordinate system ( UK : / k ɑːr ˈ t iː zj ə n / , US : / k ɑːr ˈ t iː ʒ ə n / ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called coordinates , which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines , called ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system |
In geometry and linear algebra , a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components from one such basis to another is done through an orthogonal transformation .
The most familiar coordinate systems are the two-dimensional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_tensor |
Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre , Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza . [ 1 ] Descartes is often regarded as the first thinker to emphasize the use of reason to d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesianism |
The Carthage tower model is a limestone model of a tower with a Punic inscription, found in Carthage by Nathan Davis in 1856–58 in Husainid Tunisia . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
It has a diameter of 13.3 cm and a height of 41.1 cm. It is in the British Museum , with ID number 125324. [ 3 ]
Of all the inscriptions found by Davis, it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage_tower_model |
A cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor is an angiogenesis inhibitor produced from cartilage . Examples include the peptide troponin I [ 1 ] and chondromodulin I . [ 2 ] The antiangiogenic effect may be an inhibition of basement membrane degradation.
These inhibitory agents prevent 'vascular invasion', [ 3 ] which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage-derived_angiogenesis_inhibitor |
A cartoning machine or cartoner , is a packaging machine that forms cartons : erect, close, folded, side seamed and sealed cartons. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Packaging machines which form a carton board blank into a carton filled with a product or bag of products or number of products say into single carton, after the filling, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoning_machine |
A caruncle is defined as 'a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy'. [ 1 ] Within this definition, caruncles in birds include wattles (or dewlaps ), combs , snoods , and earlobes. The term caruncle is derived from Latin caruncula , the diminutive of carō , "flesh". [ 2 ]
Caruncles are c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caruncle_(bird_anatomy) |
Cary–Blair transport medium is a solution used to preserve fecal clinical specimens and rectal swabs after collection. The medium was devised by Sylvia G. Cary and Eugene B. Blair in 1964, [ 1 ] who noted it allowed for longer-term recovery of Salmonella , Shigella , Vibrio , and Pasteurella than other transport media.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary–Blair_transport_medium |
Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics or CPMD refers to either a method used in molecular dynamics (also known as the Car–Parrinello method ) or the computational chemistry software package used to implement this method. [ 1 ]
The CPMD method is one of the major methods for calculating ab-initio molecular dynamics (ab-ini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car–Parrinello_molecular_dynamics |
Cas12a ( C RISPR- as sociated protein 12a , previously known as Cpf1 ) is an RNA-guided endonuclease-exonuclease that forms an essential component of the CRISPR systems found in some bacteria and archaea . [ 1 ] In its natural context, Cas12a targets and destroys the genetic material of viruses and other foreign mobile... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a |
In mathematics , the Hartley transform ( HT ) is an integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform (FT), but which transforms real-valued functions to real-valued functions. It was proposed as an alternative to the Fourier transform by Ralph V. L. Hartley in 1942, [ 1 ] and is one of many known Fourier-rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_(mathematics) |
Casanova's Lottery: The History of a Revolutionary Game of Chance is a history book about the French Loterie by historian and statistician Stephen M. Stigler .
It is easy to associate statistics with death, thanks to actuarial tables and life expectancies, but the history of statistics also contains its libidinal oppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casanova's_Lottery |
In chemical engineering , a cascade is a plant consisting of several similar stages with each processing the output from the previous stage. Cascades are most commonly used in isotope separation , distillation , flotation and other separation or purification processes.
Cascade process is any process that takes place i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_(chemical_engineering) |
A cascade chart is tool that can be used in damage tolerance analysis to determine the proper inspection interval, based on reliability analysis, considering all the context uncertainties. The chart is called a "cascade chart" because the scatter of data points and downward curvature resembles a waterfall or cascade. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_chart_(NDI_interval_reliability) |
An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem . Secondary extinctions are likely to occur when the threatened species are: dependent on a few specific food sources, mutualistic (dependent on the key species in some way), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology) |
A cascade filling system is a high-pressure gas cylinder storage system that is used for the refilling of smaller compressed gas cylinders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In some applications, each of the large cylinders is filled by a compressor , otherwise they may be filled remotely and replaced when the pressure is too low for effect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_filling_system |
A cascade impactor measures the reach range of a particulate substance as it moves through an opening with the use of aerosol . Cascade impactors are strictly measurement-related devices. In addition to measuring the range of substances moved through an opening by aerosol, the impactor can also be used to determine th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_impactor |
A cascade reaction , also known as a domino reaction or tandem reaction , is a chemical process that comprises at least two consecutive reactions such that each subsequent reaction occurs only in virtue of the chemical functionality formed in the previous step. [ 1 ] In cascade reactions, isolation of intermediates is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_reaction |
A cascade refrigeration cycle is a multi-stage thermodynamic cycle . An example two-stage process is shown at right. (Bottom on mobile) The cascade cycle is often employed for devices such as ULT freezers . [ 1 ]
In a cascade refrigeration system, two or more vapor-compression cycles with different refrigerants are us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_refrigeration |
Case-based reasoning ( CBR ), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-based_reasoning |
A case sealer or box sealer is a piece of equipment used for closing or sealing corrugated boxes . It is most commonly used for regular slotted containers (RSC) and can involve adhesive (cold water-borne or hot melt adhesive ), box sealing tape , or gummed (water activated) tape .
By contrast, a case erector is equip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_sealer |
The Casein kinase 1 family ( EC 2.7.11.1 ) of protein kinases are serine / threonine -selective enzymes that function as regulators of signal transduction pathways in most eukaryotic cell types. CK1 isoforms are involved in Wnt signaling , circadian rhythms, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of transcription factors, DNA re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase_1 |
Casein kinase 2 ( EC 2.7.11.1 )(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair , regulation of the circadian rhythm , and other cellular processes. De-regulation of CK2 has been linked to tumorigenesis as a potential protection mechanism for mutated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase_2 |
In mathematics , Casey's theorem , also known as the generalized Ptolemy's theorem , is a theorem in Euclidean geometry named after the Irish mathematician John Casey .
Note that in the degenerate case, where all four circles reduce to points, this is exactly Ptolemy's theorem.
The following proof is attributable [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey's_theorem |
Casimersen , sold under the brand name Amondys 45 , is an antisense oligonucleotide medication used for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in people who have a confirmed mutation of the dystrophin gene that is amenable to exon 45 skipping. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is an antisense oligonucleotide of ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimersen |
In quantum field theory , the Casimir effect (or Casimir force ) [ 1 ] is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field . The term Casimir pressure is sometimes used when it is described in units of force per unit area. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect |
In oil drilling, a casing head [ 1 ] is a simple metal flange welded or screwed onto the top of the conductor pipe (also known as drive-pipe ) or the casing and forms part of the wellhead system for the well.
Casing heads are the primary interface for the surface pressure control equipment, for example blowout prevent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_head |
In organic synthesis , the Casiraghi formylation is the formation of a salicylaldehyde from a phenol and paraformaldehyde . The reaction requires a strong Brønsted base and a weak Lewis acid , and gives a methanol coproduct: [ 1 ]
Formally, it combines the Cannizzaro disproportionation with a directed Friedel-Crafts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casiraghi_formylation |
In complex analysis , a branch of mathematics, the Casorati–Weierstrass theorem describes the behaviour of holomorphic functions near their essential singularities . It is named for Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass and Felice Casorati . [ 1 ] In Russian literature it is called Sokhotski's theorem, because it was discov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casorati–Weierstrass_theorem |
The Caspian Engineers Society (CES) is non-profit organisation .
Further aim is to promote engineering awareness among the public that will drive "Be Engineer" movement and spark the interest of young generation in engineering. [ 1 ]
In November 2007, a group of young engineers came together to discuss some career, ed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Engineers_Society |
A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio cassettes that does not have a built-in power amplifier or speakers, and serves primarily as a transport . It can be a part of an automotive entertainment system, a part of a portable audio system or a part of a home component system . In the lat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassette_deck |
Cassette mutagenesis is a type of site-directed mutagenesis that uses a short, double-stranded oligonucleotide sequence ( gene cassette ) to replace a fragment of target DNA . It uses complementary restriction enzyme digest ends on the target DNA and gene cassette to achieve specificity. It is different from methods th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassette_mutagenesis |
Cassie's law , or the Cassie equation , describes the effective contact angle θ c for a liquid on a chemically heterogeneous surface, i.e. the surface of a composite material consisting of different chemistries, that is, non-uniform throughout. [ 1 ] Contact angles are important as they quantify a surface's wettability... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassie's_law |
Cassini's laws provide a compact description of the motion of the Moon . They were established in 1693 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini , a prominent scientist of his time. [ 1 ]
Refinements of these laws to include physical librations have been made, [ 1 ] and they have been generalized to treat other satellites and plan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini's_laws |
Cassini's identity (sometimes called Simson's identity ) and Catalan's identity are mathematical identities for the Fibonacci numbers . Cassini's identity , a special case of Catalan's identity , states that for the n th Fibonacci number,
Note here F 0 {\displaystyle F_{0}} is taken to be 0, and F 1 {\displaystyle F_{... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini_and_Catalan_identities |
Cast-in-place concrete or Cast-in-situ concrete is a technology of construction of buildings where walls and slabs of the buildings are cast at the site in formwork . [ 1 ] This differs from precast concrete technology where slabs are cast elsewhere and then brought to the construction site and assembled. [ 2 ] It uses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast-in-place_concrete |
Cast iron pipe is pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron . It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas and sewage, and as a water drainage pipe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
In many modern applications, cast iron pipe has been replaced by ductile iron pipe , but t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe |
Castalia is a simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Body Area Networks and generally networks of low-power embedded devices . It is based on the OMNeT++ platform and used by researchers and developers to test their distributed algorithms and/or protocols in a realistic wireless channel and radio model, with a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castalia_(simulator) |
A castellated beam is a beam style where an I-beam is subjected to a longitudinal cut along its web following a specific pattern.
The purpose is to divide and reassemble the beam with a deeper web by taking advantage of the cutting pattern. [ 1 ]
This article about a civil engineering topic is a stub . You can help W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellated_beam |
In mathematics , Castelnuovo's contraction theorem is used in the classification theory of algebraic surfaces to construct the minimal model of a given smooth algebraic surface.
More precisely, let X {\displaystyle X} be a smooth projective surface over C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } and C {\displaystyle C} a (−1)- cu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelnuovo's_contraction_theorem |
In mathematics , the Castelnuovo–de Franchis theorem is a classical result on complex algebraic surfaces . Let X be such a surface, projective and non-singular , and let
be two differentials of the first kind on X which are linearly independent but with wedge product 0. Then this data can be represented as a pullback ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelnuovo–de_Franchis_theorem |
A casting defect is an undesired irregularity in a metal casting process. Some defects can be tolerated while others can be repaired, otherwise they must be eliminated. They are broken down into five main categories: gas porosity , shrinkage defects , mould material defects , pouring metal defects , and metallurgical d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_defect |
Casting out nines is any of three arithmetical procedures: [ 1 ]
To "cast out nines" from a single number, its decimal digits can be simply added together to obtain its so-called digit sum . The digit sum of 2946, for example is 2 + 9 + 4 + 6 = 21. Since 21 = 2946 − 325 × 9, the effect of taking the digit sum of 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines |
The Castner Gold Medal on Industrial Electrochemistry is an biennial award given by the Electrochemical Technology Group of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) to an authority on applied electrochemistry or electrochemical engineering connected to industrial research. [ 1 ] The award is named in honor of Hamilton Castne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castner_Medal |
The Castner process is a process for manufacturing sodium metal by electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide at approximately 330 °C. Below that temperature, the melt would solidify; above that temperature, the molten sodium would start to dissolve in the melt.
The Castner process for production of sodium metal was intr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castner_process |
The Castner–Kellner process is a method of electrolysis on an aqueous alkali chloride solution (usually sodium chloride solution) to produce the corresponding alkali hydroxide , [ 1 ] invented by American Hamilton Castner and Austrian Carl Kellner in the 1890s. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a type of chloralkali process , but in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castner–Kellner_process |
Castor [ a ] and Pollux [ b ] (or Polydeuces ) [ c ] are twin half-brothers in Greek and Roman mythology , known together as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi . [ d ]
Their mother was Leda , but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus , the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux |
Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans , the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis . [ 1 ] The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. [ 2 ] It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm 3 . [ 3 ] It includes a mixture ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_oil |
Castor wax , also called hydrogenated castor oil , is an opaque, white vegetable wax . It is produced by the hydrogenation of pure castor oil often in the presence of a nickel catalyst to increase the rate of reaction. [ 1 ] The hydrogenation of castor oil forms saturated molecules of castor wax; this saturation is re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_wax |
Castrol Limited is a British oil company that markets industrial and automotive lubricants , offering a wide range of oil, greases and similar products for most lubrication applications. The company was originally named CC Wakefield ; the name Castrol was originally just the brand name for CC Wakefield's motor oils, bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrol |
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