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Two entities are in causal contact if there may be an event that has affected both in a causal way. Every object of mass in space , for instance, exerts a field force on all other objects of mass, according to Newton's law of universal gravitation . Because this force exerted by one object affects the motion of the ot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_contact |
Causal decision theory (CDT) is a school of thought within decision theory which states that, when a rational agent is confronted with a set of possible actions, one should select the action which causes the best outcome in expectation . CDT contrasts with evidential decision theory (EDT), which recommends the action w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_decision_theory |
Causal dynamical triangulation ( CDT ), theorized by Renate Loll , Jan Ambjørn and Jerzy Jurkiewicz, is an approach to quantum gravity that, like loop quantum gravity , is background independent .
This means that it does not assume any pre-existing arena (dimensional space) but, rather, attempts to show how the spacet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_dynamical_triangulation |
Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality : the relationship between a cause and its effect . The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology ; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one. The fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_reasoning |
In mathematical physics , the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the possible causal relationships between points in the manifold.
Lorentzian manifolds can be classified according to the types of causal structures they admit ( causality conditions ).
In modern physics (especially general relativity ) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_structure |
In control theory , a causal system (also known as a physical or nonanticipative system ) is a system where the output depends on past and
current inputs but not future inputs—i.e., the output y ( t 0 ) {\displaystyle y(t_{0})} depends only on the input x ( t ) {\displaystyle x(t)} for values of t ≤ t 0 {\displaystyle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_system |
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] While causality is also a topic studied from the perspectives of philosophy and physics, it is operationalized so that causes of an event must be in the past light cone of the event and ultimately reducible to fundamental interactions . Similarly, a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality_(physics) |
Causality conditions are classifications of Lorentzian manifolds according to the types of causal structures they admit.
In the study of spacetimes , there exists a hierarchy of causality conditions which are important in proving mathematical theorems about the global structure of such manifolds.
These conditions were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality_conditions |
Causation is the "causal relationship between the defendant's conduct and end result". In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury. In criminal law, it is defined as the actus reus (an action) from which the specific injury or other effect arose and is c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causation_(law) |
Cause , also known as etiology ( / iː t i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i / ) and aetiology , is the reason or origination of something. [ 1 ]
The word etiology is derived from the Greek αἰτιολογία , aitiologia , "giving a reason for" ( αἰτία , aitia , "cause"; and -λογία , -logia ). [ 2 ]
In medicine, etiology refers to the cause or c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_(medicine) |
Cancer is caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [ 3 ] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer |
A causal map can be defined as a network consisting of links or arcs between nodes or factors, such that a link between C and E means, in some sense, that someone believes or claims C has or had some causal influence on E.
This definition could cover diagrams representing causal connections between variables which are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause–effect_graph |
Caustic embrittlement is the phenomenon in which the material of a boiler becomes brittle due to the accumulation of caustic substances. [ 1 ]
As water evaporates in the boiler, the concentration of sodium carbonate increases in the boiler. In high pressure boilers, sodium carbonate is used in softening of water by li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_embrittlement |
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance . Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa , the esophagus , and the lining of the stomach . [ 4 ]
The seve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_ingestion |
The initial version of a classification system of life by British zoologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith appeared in 1978. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This initial system continued to be modified in subsequent versions that were published until he died in 2021. As with classifications of others, such as Carl Linnaeus , Ernst Haeckel , Robert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier-Smith's_system_of_classification |
In geometry , Cavalieri's principle , a modern implementation of the method of indivisibles , named after Bonaventura Cavalieri , is as follows: [ 1 ]
Today Cavalieri's principle is seen as an early step towards integral calculus , and while it is used in some forms, such as its generalization in Fubini's theorem and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalieri's_principle |
In calculus , Cavalieri's quadrature formula , named for 17th-century Italian mathematician Bonaventura Cavalieri , is the integral
and generalizations thereof. This is the definite integral form; the indefinite integral form is:
There are additional forms , listed below. Together with the linearity of the integral, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalieri's_quadrature_formula |
Caveasphaera is a multicellular organism found in 609-million-year-old rocks laid down during the Ediacaran period in the Guizhou Province of South China . The organism is not easily defined as an animal or non-animal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The organism is notable due to the study of related embryonic fossils (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveasphaera |
Cavicularin is a natural phenolic secondary metabolite isolated from the liverwort Cavicularia densa . This macrocycle is unusual because it was the first compound isolated from nature displaying optical activity solely due to the presence of planar chirality and axial chirality . The specific rotation for (+)-cavicula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavicularin |
In chemistry , a cavitand is a container-shaped molecule . [ 2 ] The cavity of the cavitand allows it to engage in host–guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins , calixarenes , pillararenes and cucu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitand |
Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally is the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapor pressure , leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid. [ 1 ] When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation |
Cavitation is the unstable unhindered expansion of a microscopic void in a solid elastomer under the action of tensile hydrostatic stresses. This can occur whenever the hydrostatic tension exceeds 5/6 of Young's modulus . [ 1 ]
The cavitation phenomenon may manifest in any of the following situations:
This physical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation_(elastomers) |
The cavity method is a mathematical method presented by Marc Mézard , Giorgio Parisi and Miguel Angel Virasoro in 1987 [ 1 ] to derive and solve some mean field -type models in statistical physics , specially adapted to disordered systems. The method has been used to compute properties of ground states in many condense... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_method |
In mathematics and electronics , cavity perturbation theory describes methods for derivation of perturbation formulae for performance changes of a cavity resonator .
These performance changes are assumed to be caused by either introduction of a small foreign object into the cavity, or a small deformation of its bounda... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_perturbation_theory |
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy ( CRDS ) is a highly sensitive optical spectroscopic technique that enables measurement of absolute optical extinction by samples that scatter and absorb light. It has been widely used to study gaseous samples which absorb light at specific wavelengths , and in turn to determine mole fract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_ring-down_spectroscopy |
A cavity wall is a type of wall that has an airspace between the outer face and the inner, usually structural, construction. [ 1 ] The skins typically are masonry , such as brick or cinder block . Masonry is an absorbent material that can retain rainwater or condensation. One function of the cavity is to drain water th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_wall |
In the mathematical discipline of group theory , Cayley's theorem , named in honour of Arthur Cayley , states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of a symmetric group . [ 1 ] More specifically, G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group Sym ( G ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Sym} (G)} whose elem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley's_theorem |
In mathematics , the Cayley plane (or octonionic projective plane ) P 2 ( O ) is a projective plane over the octonions . [ 1 ]
The Cayley plane was discovered in 1933 by Ruth Moufang , and is named after Arthur Cayley for his 1845 paper describing the octonions.
In the Cayley plane, lines and points may be defined in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley_plane |
In linear algebra , the Cayley–Hamilton theorem (named after the mathematicians Arthur Cayley and William Rowan Hamilton ) states that every square matrix over a commutative ring (such as the real or complex numbers or the integers ) satisfies its own characteristic equation .
The characteristic polynomial of an n × n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley–Hamilton_theorem |
Dimethylcadmium is the organocadmium compound with the formula Cd(CH 3 ) 2 . It is a colorless, highly toxic liquid that fumes in air. It is a linear molecule with C-Cd bond lengths of 213 pm. [ 1 ] The compound finds limited use as a reagent in organic synthesis and in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd(CH3)2 |
Cadmium acetate is the chemical compound with the formula Cd(O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 . The compound is marketed both as the anhydrous form and as a dihydrate , both of which are white or colorless. Only the dihydrate has been verified by X-ray crystallography .
It forms by treating cadmium oxide with acetic acid : [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd(CH3COO)2 |
Cadmium nitrate describes any of the related members of a family of inorganic compounds with the general formula Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·xH 2 O . The most commonly encountered form being the tetrahydrate . [ 7 ] The anhydrous form is volatile, but the others are colourless crystalline solids that are deliquescent , tending to abs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd(NO3)2 |
Cadmium arsenide ( Cd 3 As 2 ) is an inorganic semimetal in the II-V family. It exhibits the Nernst effect .
Cd 3 As 2 dissociates between 220 and 280 °C according to the reaction [ 4 ]
An energy barrier was found for the nonstoichiometric vaporization of arsenic due to the irregularity of the partial pressures with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd3As2 |
Cadmium phosphide ( Cd 3 P 2 ) is an inorganic chemical compound . It is a grey or white bluish solid semiconductor material with a bandgap of 0.5 eV. [ 1 ] It has applications as a pesticide, material for laser diodes and for high-power-high-frequency electronics. [ 1 ]
Cadmium phosphide can be prepared by the reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd3P2 |
Cadmium bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdBr 2 . It is a white hygroscopic solid. It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate. [ 2 ] It has few applications.
Cadmium bromide is prepared by heating cadmium with bromine vapor. [ 2 ] The tetrahydrate has been obtained by crystallization of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdBr2 |
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH , also written as (COOH) 2 or (CO 2 H) 2 or H 2 C 2 O 4 . It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid . It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early invest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdC2O4 |
Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chloride , with the formula CdCl 2 . This salt is a hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol . The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdCl2 |
Cadmium fluoride (CdF 2 ) is a mostly water-insoluble source of cadmium used in oxygen-sensitive applications, such as the production of metallic alloys. In extremely low concentrations (ppm), this and other fluoride compounds are used in limited medical treatment protocols. Fluoride compounds also have significant use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdF2 |
Cadmium hydride (systematically named cadmium dihydride ) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (CdH 2 ) n (also written as ([CdH 2 ] ) n or CdH 2 ). It is a solid, known only as a thermally unstable, insoluble white powder.
The systematic name cadmium dihydride , a valid IUPAC name, is constructed accord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdH2 |
Cadmium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdI 2 . It is a white hygroscopic solid. It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate. [ 2 ] It has few applications. It is notable for its crystal structure , which is typical for compounds of the form MX 2 with strong polarization effects.
Cadmium iod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdI2 |
Cadmium nitrate describes any of the related members of a family of inorganic compounds with the general formula Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·xH 2 O . The most commonly encountered form being the tetrahydrate . [ 7 ] The anhydrous form is volatile, but the others are colourless crystalline solids that are deliquescent , tending to abs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdN2O6 |
Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO 4 · x H 2 O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO 4 ·H 2 O, but two other forms are known CdSO 4 · 8 ⁄ 3 H 2 O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO 4 ). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.
X-ray crystallogra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdO4S |
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. Cadmium sulfide is a yellow salt. [ 4 ] It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite , but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdS |
Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO 4 · x H 2 O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO 4 ·H 2 O, but two other forms are known CdSO 4 · 8 ⁄ 3 H 2 O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO 4 ). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.
X-ray crystallogra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdSO4 |
Cadmium selenide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cd Se . It is a black to red-black solid that is classified as a II-VI semiconductor of the n-type . It is a pigment, but applications are declining because of environmental concerns. [ 6 ]
Three crystalline forms of CdSe are known which follow the structures... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdSe |
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a stable crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium . It is mainly used as the semiconducting material in cadmium telluride photovoltaics and an infrared optical window . It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p–n junction solar PV cell.
CdTe is used to make thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CdTe |
Cerium(IV) sulfate, also called ceric sulfate, is an inorganic compound . It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce ( SO 4 ) 2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) x , with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids . Its neutra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce(SO4)2 |
Cerium(III) sulfate , also called cerous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the formula Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . It is one of the few salts whose solubility in water decreases with rising temperature. [ 1 ]
Cerium(III) sulfate ( anhydrous ) is a hygroscopic white solid, which begins to decompose above 600°C. It has a mon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce2(SO4)3 |
Cerium(III) oxide , also known as cerium oxide , cerium trioxide , cerium sesquioxide , cerous oxide or dicerium trioxide , is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium . It has chemical formula Ce 2 O 3 and is gold-yellow in color. According to X-ray crystallography , the Ce(III) ions are seven-coordinate, a motif typi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce2O3 |
Cerium(III) sulfide , also known as cerium sesquisulfide , is an inorganic compound with the formula Ce 2 S 3 . It is the sulfide salt of cerium(III) and exists as three polymorphs with different crystal structures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Its high melting point (comparable to silica or alumina ) and chemically inert nature... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce2S3 |
Cerium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula CeBr 3 . This white hygroscopic solid is of interest as a component of scintillation counters .
The compound has been known since at least 1899, when Muthman and Stützel reported its preparation from cerium sulfide and gaseous HBr . [ 2 ] Aqueous solutions ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeBr3 |
Cerium(III) chloride (CeCl 3 ), also known as cerous chloride or cerium trichloride, is a compound of cerium and chlorine . It is a white hygroscopic salt; it rapidly absorbs water to form hydrates , which may be of variable composition.The hexa- and heptahydrate CeCl 3 ·7H 2 O are known. [ 1 ] All forms are highly so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeCl3 |
CeCoIn 5 ("Cerium-Cobalt-Indium 5") is a heavy-fermion superconductor with a layered crystal structure , with somewhat two-dimensional electronic transport properties. [ 1 ] The critical temperature of 2.3 K is the highest among all of the Ce-based heavy-fermion superconductors. [ 2 ]
CeCoIn 5 is a member of a rich fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeCoIn5 |
Cerium(III) fluoride (or cerium trifluoride), CeF 3 , is an ionic compound of the rare earth metal cerium and fluorine .
It appears as a mineral in the form of fluocerite-(Ce) - a very rare mineral species related mainly to pegmatites and rarely to oxidation zones of some polymetallic ore deposits. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] CeF 3 m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeF3 |
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH 4 ) 2 [Ce(NO 3 ) 6 ] . This orange-red, water-soluble cerium salt is a specialised oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis .
The anion [Ce(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2− is generated by dissolving Ce 2 O 3 in hot an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeH8N8O18 |
Cerium(IV) oxide , also known as ceric oxide , ceric dioxide , ceria , cerium oxide or cerium dioxide , is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium . It is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO 2 . It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeO2 |
Cerium(IV) sulfate, also called ceric sulfate, is an inorganic compound . It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce ( SO 4 ) 2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) x , with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids . Its neutra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeO8S2 |
Cerium phosphide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CeP. It is one of the phosphides of cerium . It can be obtained by reacting cerium dioxide and phosphine at 1300 °C in the presence of hydrogen, [ 2 ] or by reacting sodium phosphide and cerium chloride at 700~800 °C. [ 1 ] It will be oxidized to monoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeP |
Cerium monosulfide is a binary inorganic compound of cerium and sulfur with the chemical formula CeS. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This is the simplest of cerium sulfides.
Cerium sulfide forms yellow crystalline solid of cubic syngony crystals, space group Fm3m , cell parameter a = 0.5780 nm, Z = 4, of NaCl -type structure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeS |
The Cebeci–Smith model , developed by Tuncer Cebeci and Apollo M. O. Smith in 1967, is a 0-equation eddy viscosity model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulence in boundary layer flows. The model gives eddy viscosity, μ t {\displaystyle \mu _{t}} , as a function of the local boundary layer velocity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebeci–Smith_model |
Cecotropes (also caecotropes , cecotrophs , caecotrophs , cecal pellets , soft feces , or night feces ) are a nutrient-filled package created in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is expelled and eaten by many animals (such as rabbits , guinea pigs , mice , hamsters , and chinchillas ) to obtain more nutrients out of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecotrope |
Cedar Bayou plant is a petrochemical manufacturing facility located in Baytown, Texas . It is the largest U.S. manufacturing facility of Chevron Phillips Chemical Company . [ 1 ] The plant operates seven process units on approximately 1,400 acres producing Ethylene , Propylene , Normal Alpha Olefins (NAO), High Density... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Bayou_plant |
Cedarlane is a Canadian private corporation headquartered in Burlington , Ontario , Canada , that manufactures and distributes life science research products. Cedarlane's manufactured products include monoclonal antibodies , polyclonal antibodies , cell separation media, complement for tissue typing, and immunocolumns... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedarlane_Laboratories |
Cefalexin , also spelled cephalexin , is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections . [ 4 ] It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. [ 4 ] Cefalexin is a β-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins . [ 4 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalexin |
Cefaloglycin INN (also spelled cephaloglycin ) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic .
This systemic antibiotic -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This stereochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefaloglycin |
Cefamandole ( INN , also known as cephamandole ) is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic . The clinically used form of cefamandole is the formate ester cefamandole nafate , a prodrug which is administered parenterally . Cefamandole is no longer available in the United States.
The chemical struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefamandole |
Cefapirin ( INN , also spelled cephapirin ) is an injectable, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic . It is marketed under the trade name Cefadyl. Production for use in humans has been discontinued in the United States. [ 1 ]
It also has a role in veterinary medicine as Metricure, an intrauterine preparation, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefapirin |
Cefazaflur ( INN ) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Cefazaflur stands out among this group of analogues because it lacks an arylamide C-7 side chain (see cephacetrile for another example).
Cefazaflur is synthesized by reaction of 3-(1-methyl-1 H -tetrazol-5-ylthiomethylene)-7-amino-cephem-4-carboxylic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefazaflur |
Cefonicide (or cefonicid ) is a cephalosporin antibiotic . [ 1 ]
It has a density of 1.92g/cm 3 .
Injectable semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic related to cefamandole , q.v.
Cefonicid is synthesized conveniently by nucleophilic displacement of the 3-acetoxy moiety of 1 with the appropriately substituted tetrazo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefonicid |
Ceforanide is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
This systemic antibiotic -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceforanide |
Cefpimizole ( INN ) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic .
This stereochemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
This systemic antibiotic -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefpimizole |
Cefradine ( INN ) or cephradine ( BAN ) is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic . [ 1 ]
Cefradine is distributed in the form of capsules containing 250 mg or 500 mg, as a syrup containing 250 mg/5 ml, or in vials for injection containing 500 mg or 1 g. [ citation needed ]
It is not approved by the FDA for use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefradine |
Cefroxadine ( INN , trade names Oraspor and Cefthan-DS ) is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It is structurally related to cefalexin , and both drugs share a similar spectrum of activity . [ 1 ]
It is available in Italy. [ 2 ]
Cefroxadine can be prepared by several routes, including one in which the enol is methylated wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefroxadine |
Ceftezole (or ceftezol ) is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic . [ 1 ]
Ceftezole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall . PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftezole |
Cefuroxime , sold under the brand name Zinacef among others, is a second-generation cephalosporin [ 2 ] antibiotic used to treat and prevent a number of bacterial infections . [ 3 ] These include pneumonia , meningitis , otitis media , sepsis , urinary tract infections , and Lyme disease . [ 4 ] It is used by mouth or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefuroxime |
Ceiling temperature ( T c {\displaystyle T_{c}} ) is a measure of the tendency of a polymer to revert to its constituent monomers . When a polymer is at its ceiling temperature, the rate of polymerization and depolymerization of the polymer are equal. Generally, the ceiling temperature of a given polymer is correlated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_temperature |
Cel-Sci Corporation ( NYSE American : CVM), is a biotechnology company that tests drugs for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases through the research and development of immunotherapy products.
Cel-Sci's main product is the drug Multikine, an immunotherapeutic agent designed to fight cancer by st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel-Sci_Corporation |
In cell biology, the Celada–Seiden model is a logical description at the inter- cellular level of the mechanisms making up the adaptive immune humoral and cellular response to a genetic antigen . [ 1 ]
The computational counterpart of the Celada–Seiden model is the IMMSIM code.
This cell biology article is a stub . Y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celada–Seiden_model |
The celatone was a device invented by Galileo Galilei to observe Jupiter's moons with the purpose of finding longitude on Earth. It took the form of a piece of headgear with a telescope taking the place of an eyehole.
In 2013, Matthew Dockrey created a replica celatone, using notes from a version created by Samuel Pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celatone |
Celera Corporation is a subsidiary of Quest Diagnostics which focuses on genetic sequencing and related technologies. It was founded in 1998 as a business unit of Applera , spun off into an independent company in 2008, and finally acquired by Quest Diagnostics in 2011. [ 2 ]
Originally headquartered in Rockville , Mar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celera_Corporation |
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge (Spanish: Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos ) is a fictitious taxonomy of animals described by the writer Jorge Luis Borges in his 1942 essay " The Analytical Language of John Wilkins " ( El idioma analítico de John Wilkins ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Wilkins , a 17th-century p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_Emporium_of_Benevolent_Knowledge |
Celestial cartography , [ 1 ] uranography , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] astrography or star cartography [ citation needed ] is the aspect of astronomy and branch of cartography concerned with mapping stars , galaxies , and other astronomical objects on the celestial sphere . Measuring the position and light of charted objects requires... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_cartography |
The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth . By extension, it is also a plane of reference in the equatorial coordinate system . In other words, the celestial equator is an abstract projection of the terrestrial equator into outer space . [ 1 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_equator |
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of objects in outer space . Historically, celestial mechanics applies principles of physics ( classical mechanics ) to astronomical objects, such as stars and planets , to produce ephemeris data.
Modern analytic celestial mechanics started with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_mechanics |
Celestial navigation , also known as astronavigation , is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation |
The north and south celestial poles are the two points in the sky where Earth 's axis of rotation , indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere . The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to observers at Earth's North Pole and South Pole , respectively. As Earth spins on its ax... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_pole |
The Celestial police ( German : Himmelspolizey ), officially the United Astronomical Society ( German : Vereinigte Astronomische Gesellschaft ), was a cooperation of numerous European astronomers in the early 19th century. It is mainly known in relation to the search for objects expected between the orbits of Mars and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_police |
In astronomy and navigation , the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth . All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere |
Celgene Corporation is a pharmaceutical company that makes cancer and immunology drugs. Its major product is Revlimid ( lenalidomide ), which is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma , and also in certain anemias. The company is incorporated in Delaware , headquartered in Summit, New Jersey , and a subsidiary of Br... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celgene |
Cell-based models are mathematical models that represent biological cells as discrete entities. Within the field of computational biology they are often simply called agent-based models [ 1 ] of which they are a specific application and they are used for simulating the biomechanics of multicellular structures such as t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-based_models |
Cell-based vaccines are developed from mammalian or more rarely avian or insect cell lines rather than the more common method which uses the cells in embryonic chicken eggs to develop the antigens. [ 1 ] The potential use of cell culture techniques in developing viral vaccines has been widely investigated in the 2000s ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-based_vaccine |
In small capillary hemodynamics , the cell-free layer is a near-wall layer of plasma absent of red blood cells since they are subject to migration to the capillary center in Poiseuille flow . [ 1 ] Cell-free marginal layer model is a mathematical model which tries to explain Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect mathematically.
Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_marginal_layer_model |
Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates. This method of synthesizing protein microarrays overcomes the many obstacles and challenges faced by traditional methods of protein array production [ 1 ] that have prevented... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_protein_array |
Cell-free protein synthesis , also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS , is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system , that is, without the use of living cells . The in vitro protein synthesis environment is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions necessary to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_protein_synthesis |
A cell-free system is an in vitro tool widely used to study biological reactions that happen within cells apart from a full cell system, thus reducing the complex interactions typically found when working in a whole cell. [ 1 ] Subcellular fractions can be isolated by ultracentrifugation to provide molecular machinery ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_system |
Cellular immunity , also known as cell-mediated immunity , is an immune response that does not rely on the production of antibodies . Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes , antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes , and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen .
In the late ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity |
Cell-penetrating peptides ( CPPs ) are short peptides that facilitate cellular intake and uptake of molecules ranging from nanosize particles to small chemical compounds to large fragments of DNA . The "cargo" is associated with the peptides either through chemical linkage via covalent bonds or through non-covalent int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-penetrating_peptide |
CellCognition is a free open-source computational framework for quantitative analysis of high-throughput fluorescence microscopy ( time-lapse ) images in the field of bioimage informatics and systems microscopy. The CellCognition framework uses image processing , computer vision and machine learning techniques for sing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CellCognition |
CellML is an XML based markup language for describing mathematical models . Although it could theoretically describe any mathematical model, it was originally created with the Physiome Project in mind, and hence used primarily to describe models relevant to the field of biology. This is reflected in its name CellML, al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CellML |
CellProfiler [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is free, open-source software designed to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. Advanced algorithms for image analysis are available as individual modules that can be placed in sequential... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CellProfiler |
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