text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
The Castrol Technology Centre is a research institute owned by BP in South Oxfordshire , north of Whitchurch-on-Thames .
Castrol was founded by C.C.Wakefield in 1899, making lubricants (Wakefield lubricator) for railways.
The research site is based at Bozedown House, a former private residence originally built by Wil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrol_Technology_Centre |
The Castro–Stephens coupling is a cross coupling reaction between a copper(I) acetylide and an aryl halide in pyridine , forming a disubstituted alkyne and a copper(I) halide. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The reaction was described in 1963 by chemists Castro and Stephens. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction is similar to the much older Rosenmund... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro–Stephens_coupling |
Casuistry ( / ˈ k æ zj u ɪ s t r i / KAZ -ew-iss-tree ) is a process of reasoning that seeks to resolve moral problems by extracting or extending abstract rules from a particular case, and reapplying those rules to new instances. [ 1 ] This method occurs in applied ethics and jurisprudence . The term is also used pejor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuistry |
Casus irreducibilis (from Latin ' the irreducible case ' ) is the name given by mathematicians of the 16th century to cubic equations that cannot be solved in terms of real radicals , that is to those equations such that the computation of the solutions cannot be reduced to the computation of square and cube roots .
C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_irreducibilis |
Cat's cradle is a game involving the creation of various string figures between the fingers, either individually or by passing a loop of string back and forth between two or more players. The true origin of the name is debated, though the first known reference is in The light of nature pursued by Abraham Tucker in 1768... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat's_cradle |
The Cat S60 is a mobile phone introduced in 2016 by Caterpillar Inc. within the Cat phones line and has since been succeeded by the Cat S61 and Cat S62 Pro . It is the first smartphone to include an integrated thermal imaging camera from FLIR and presently [ when? ] the world's most waterproof smartphone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_S60 |
CataCXium F sulf is a water-soluble organophosphorus compound derived from fluorene . The palladium complexes of the respective phosphine [ clarification needed ] show an excellent activity in various palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions , including Suzuki reactions , Sonogashira couplings and Buchwald–Hartwig reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CataCXium_F_sulf |
Catabiosis is the process of growing older, aging and physical degradation. [ 1 ]
The word comes from Greek "kata"—down, against, reverse and "biosis"—way of life and is generally used to describe senescence and degeneration in living organisms and biophysics of aging in general. [ 2 ]
One of the popular catabiotic t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabiosis |
Catabolism ( / k ə ˈ t æ b ə l ɪ z ə m / ) is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. [ 1 ] Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides , lipids , nucleic acids , and proteins ) into s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolism |
Carbon catabolite repression , or simply catabolite repression , is an important part of global control system of various bacteria and other microorganisms. Catabolite repression allows microorganisms to adapt quickly to a preferred (rapidly metabolizable) carbon and energy source first. This is usually achieved throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolite_repression |
Catagenesis is a somewhat archaic term from evolutionary biology referring to evolutionary directions that were considered " retrogressive ." It was a term used in contrast to anagenesis , which in present usage denotes the evolution of a single population into a new form without branching lines of descent.
The earli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catagenesis_(biology) |
Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem ) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The integers 2 3 and 3 2 are two perfect powers (that is, powers of exponent higher than one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan's_conjecture |
In mathematics , Catalan's constant G , is the alternating sum of the reciprocals of the odd square numbers , being defined by:
where β is the Dirichlet beta function . Its numerical value [ 1 ] is approximately (sequence A006752 in the OEIS )
Catalan's constant was named after Eugène Charles Catalan , who found quic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan's_constant |
The Catalan forge is a set of technological processes designed to obtain iron by directly reducing the ore —without going through the intermediary of smelting as in a blast furnace —and then shingling the resulting massé . [ Notes 1 ] The Catalan forge employs hydraulic power to operate a hammer or trip hammer , and a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_forge |
The Catalan vault ( Catalan : volta catalana ), also called thin-tile vault , [ 1 ] Catalan turn , Catalan arch , boveda ceiling (Spanish bóveda 'vault'), or timbrel vault , is a type of low brickwork arch forming a vaulted ceiling that often supports a floor above. It is constructed by laying a first layer of light br... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_vault |
1DGB , 1DGF , 1DGG , 1DGH , 1F4J , 1QQW
847
12359
ENSG00000121691
ENSMUSG00000027187
P04040
P24270
NM_001752
NM_009804
NP_001743
NP_033934
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria , plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase |
Catalent, Inc. ( Catalent Pharma Solutions ), is an American multinational company, and a subsidiary of Novo Holdings A/S since 2024. It is headquartered in Somerset, New Jersey . It is a provider of drug delivery technologies, drug development , drug manufacturing , biologics , gene therapy , and consumer health prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalent |
The Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey is a collaboration using three telescopes looking for optical transients . The same telescopes are used as in the Catalina Sky Survey . They are Mt. Lemmon Survey , Catalina Sky Survey , and Siding Spring Survey . When transients are detected they are alerted on a short time sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_Real-time_Transient_Survey |
Jannie Hofmeyr published the first catalog of control patterns in metabolic control analysis (MCA). His doctoral research. [ 1 ] concerned the use of graphical patterns to elucidate chains of interaction in metabolic regulation, later published in the European Journal of Biochemistry. [ 2 ] In his thesis, he cataloged ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalog_of_MCA_Control_Patterns |
This page lists articles related to probability theory . In particular, it lists many articles corresponding to specific probability distributions . Such articles are marked here by a code of the form (X:Y), which refers to number of random variables involved and the type of the distribution. For example (2:DC) indicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalog_of_articles_in_probability_theory |
The Catalogue of Life ( CoL ) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals , plants , fungi , and microorganisms . It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System . The Catalogue is used by research scientists, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life |
The catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits (SB) is a compilation of orbital data for spectroscopic binary stars which have been produced since 1969 by Alan Henry Batten of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory [ 1 ] and various collaborators. [ 2 ] At the 24th International Astronomical Union general assembly, in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_of_Spectroscopic_Binary_Orbits |
Catalysis ( / k ə ˈ t æ l ə s ɪ s / ) is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ( / ˈ k æ t əl ɪ s t / ). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. [ 3 ] If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis |
Catalysis ( / k ə ˈ t æ l ə s ɪ s / ) is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ( / ˈ k æ t əl ɪ s t / ). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. [ 3 ] If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst |
The Catalyst Science Discovery Centre and Museum is a science and technology museum in Widnes , Halton, North-West England. The centre has interactive exhibits, reconstructed historical scenes, an observatory , a live-science theatre and family workshops. It is next to Spike Island , a public park, located between the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre |
Catalyst poisoning is the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst by a chemical compound. Poisoning refers specifically to chemical deactivation, rather than other mechanisms of catalyst degradation such as thermal decomposition or physical damage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although usually undesirable, poisoning may be helpful ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst_poisoning |
In chemistry, a catalyst support or carrier is a material, usually a solid with a high surface area , to which a catalyst is affixed. [ 1 ] The activity of heterogeneous catalysts is mainly promoted by atoms present at the accessible surface of the material. Consequently, great effort is made to maximize the specific s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst_support |
Catalytic chain transfer ( CCT ) is a process that can be incorporated into radical polymerization to obtain greater control over the resulting products.
Radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, like methyl (metha)acrylate of vinyl acetate is a common (industrial) method to prepare polymeric materials. One of the pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_chain_transfer |
Catalytic combustion is a chemical process which uses a catalyst to speed desired oxidation reactions of fuel and so reduce the formation of undesired products, especially pollutant nitrogen oxide gases (NO x ) far below what can be achieved without catalysts. The process was discovered in the 1950s by Catalytic Combus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_combustion |
Catalytic computing is a technique in computer science , relevant to complexity theory , that uses full memory, as well as empty memory space, to perform computations. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Full memory is memory that begins in an arbitrary state and must be returned to that state at the end of the computation, for example import... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_computing |
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction . Catalytic converters are usually used with internal combustion engines fueled by gasoline or diesel , includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter |
In chemistry , a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst . [ 1 ] The catalytic cycle is the main method for describing the role of catalysts in biochemistry , organometallic chemistry , bioinorganic chemistry , materials science , etc.
Since catalysts are regenerated, catalytic cycle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_cycle |
Catalytic distillation is a branch of reactive distillation which combines the processes of distillation and catalysis to selectively separate mixtures within solutions. Its main function is to maximize the yield of catalytic organic reactions, such as the refining of gasoline .
The earliest case of catalytic distillat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_distillation |
Catalytic oxidation are processes that rely on catalysts to introduce oxygen into organic and inorganic compounds. Many applications, including the focus of this article, involve oxidation by oxygen. Such processes are conducted on a large scale for the remediation of pollutants, production of valuable chemicals, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_oxidation |
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates , which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline . The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes , which are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforming |
In chemistry , catalytic resonance theory was developed to describe the kinetics of reaction acceleration using dynamic catalyst surfaces. Catalytic reactions occur on surfaces that undergo variation in surface binding energy and/or entropy , exhibiting overall increase in reaction rate when the surface binding energy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_resonance_theory |
Catastrophe modeling [ 1 ] (also known as cat modeling ) is the process of using computer -assisted calculations to estimate the losses that could be sustained due to a catastrophic event such as a hurricane or earthquake. Cat modeling is especially applicable to analyzing risks in the insurance industry and is at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophe_modeling |
A catastrophic failure is a sudden and total failure from which recovery is impossible. Catastrophic failures often lead to cascading systems failure . The term is most commonly used for structural failures , but has often been extended to many other disciplines in which total and irrecoverable loss occurs, such as a h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophic_failure |
Catawba Valley Pottery describes alkaline glazed stoneware made in the Catawba River Valley of Western North Carolina from the early 19th century, as well as certain contemporary pottery made in the region utilizing traditional methods and forms.
The earliest Catawba Valley pottery was earthenware made by the Catawba ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba_Valley_Pottery |
A catch bond is a type of noncovalent bond whose dissociation lifetime increases with tensile force applied to the bond. Normally, bond lifetimes are expected to diminish with force. [ 1 ] In the case of catch bonds, the lifetime of the bond actually increases up to a maximum before it decreases like in a normal bond. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_bond |
In fisheries and conservation biology , the catch per unit effort ( CPUE ) is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species. Changes in the catch per unit effort are inferred to signify changes to the target species' true abundance. A decreasing CPUE indicates overexploitation , while an unchanging CPUE indi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort |
Catchment hydrology is the study of hydrology in drainage basins . Catchments are areas of land where runoff collects to a specific zone. This movement is caused by water moving from areas of high energy to low energy due to the influence of gravity . Catchments often do not last for long periods of time as the water e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchment_hydrology |
Catechol ( / ˈ k æ t ɪ tʃ ɒ l / or / ˈ k æ t ɪ k ɒ l / ), also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene , is an organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . It is the ortho isomer of the three isomeric benzenediols . This colorless compound occurs naturally in trace amounts. It was first discovered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol |
The catecholaldehyde hypothesis is a scientific theory positing that neurotoxic aldehyde metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine are responsible for neurodegenerative diseases involving loss of catecholaminergic neurons , for instance Parkinson's disease . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The specific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholaldehyde_hypothesis |
Catecholaminergic means "related to catecholamines ". The catecholamine neurotransmitters include dopamine , epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
A catecholaminergic agent (or drug ) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the catecholamine systems in the body or brain. Examples inc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholaminergic |
Catecholaminergic cell groups refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters dopamine or norepinephrine . Thus, it represents the combination of dopaminergic cell groups and noradrenergic cell groups . [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholaminergic_cell_groups |
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic . It is also notable for its connections to theoretical computer science . [ 1 ] In broad terms, categorical logic represents both syntax and semantics by a category , and an in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_logic |
In logic , a categorical proposition , or categorical statement , is a proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category (the subject term ) are included in another (the predicate term ). [ 1 ] The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms ) forms an important br... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_proposition |
Categorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science , notably monoidal category theory . The primitive objects of study are physical processes , and the different ways these can be composed. It was pioneered in 2004 by Samson Ab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_quantum_mechanics |
In mathematical logic , a theory is categorical if it has exactly one model ( up to isomorphism ). [ a ] Such a theory can be viewed as defining its model, uniquely characterizing the model's structure.
In first-order logic , only theories with a finite model can be categorical. Higher-order logic contains categorical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_theory |
In category theory , a branch of mathematics , the categorical trace is a generalization of the trace of a matrix .
The trace is defined in the context of a symmetric monoidal category C , i.e., a category equipped with a suitable notion of a product ⊗ {\displaystyle \otimes } . (The notation reflects that the product... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_trace |
On May 14, 1867, the 27–year-old Charles Sanders Peirce , who eventually founded pragmatism , presented a paper entitled " On a New List of Categories " to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . Among other things, this paper outlined a theory of predication involving three universal categories that Peirce continu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_(Peirce) |
In mathematics , the category of matrices , often denoted M a t {\displaystyle \mathbf {Mat} } , is the category whose objects are natural numbers and whose morphisms are matrices , with composition given by matrix multiplication . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Let A {\displaystyle A} be an n × m {\displaystyle n\times m} real matrix ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_of_matrices |
In algebra , given a ring R , the category of left modules over R is the category whose objects are all left modules over R and whose morphisms are all module homomorphisms between left R -modules. For example, when R is the ring of integers Z , it is the same thing as the category of abelian groups . The category of r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_of_modules |
Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations. It was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology . [ 1 ] Category theory is used in almost all areas of mathematics. In particular, many const... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_theory |
The Catellani reaction was discovered by Marta Catellani ( Università degli Studi di Parma , Italy) and co-workers in 1997. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction uses aryl iodides to perform bi- or tri-functionalization, including C-H functionalization of the unsubstituted ortho position(s) , followed a terminating cross-coupling r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catellani_reaction |
In computing , a word is any processor design's natural unit of data. A word is a fixed-sized datum handled as a unit by the instruction set or the hardware of the processor. The number of bits or digits [ a ] in a word (the word size , word width , or word length ) is an important characteristic of any specific proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_(unit) |
In macromolecular chemistry , a catenane (from Latin catena ' chain ' ) is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles , i.e. a molecule containing two or more intertwined rings . The interlocked rings cannot be separated without breaking the covalent bonds of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenane |
In chemistry , catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain . [ 1 ] A chain or a ring may be open if its ends are not bonded to each other (an open-chain compound ), or closed if they are bonded in a ring (a cyclic compound ). The words to catenate and catenation reflect the Lati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenation |
1G3J , 1JDH , 1JPW , 1LUJ , 1P22 , 1QZ7 , 1T08 , 1TH1 , 2GL7 , 2Z6H , 3DIW , 3SL9 , 3SLA , 3TX7 , 4DJS , 3FQN , 3FQR
1499
12387
ENSG00000168036
ENSMUSG00000006932
P35222
Q02248
NM_001098209 NM_001098210 NM_001904 NM_001330729
NM_001165902 NM_007614
NP_001091679 NP_001091680 NP_001317658 NP_001895
NP_001159374... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin_beta-1 |
The Caterpillar 777 is a 100-ton haul truck , typically used in open pit mining , manufactured by Caterpillar Inc . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The first model of Caterpillar 777 was introduced in 1974. [ 3 ] Its diesel engine is capable of putting out 870 horsepower (650 kW). The 777D, introduced in 1996, was powered by a 938-horse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_777 |
In graph theory , a caterpillar or caterpillar tree is a tree in which all the vertices are within distance 1 of a central path .
Caterpillars were first studied in a series of papers by Harary and Schwenk. The name was suggested by Arthur Hobbs . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As Harary & Schwenk (1973) colorfully write, "A caterpillar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_tree |
Cathepsin zymography is a technique for quantifying enzymatic activity of the cathepsin family of cysteine proteases. It is based on SDS-PAGE whereby samples tested for cathepsin activity are loaded into a polyacrylamide gel and then separated by molecular weight. Gelatin is embedded in the gel itself, providing a subs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_zymography |
Catherine E. Costello is the William Fairfield Warren distinguished professor in the department of biochemistry, Cell Biology and Genomics, and the director of the Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry at the Boston University School of Medicine. [ 1 ]
Catherine E. Costello attended the Emmanuel College in Boston fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_E._Costello |
Catherine Lilian Nakalembe [ 2 ] is an Ugandan remote sensing scientist and an associate research professor at the University of Maryland (UMD) in the Department of Geographical Sciences and the NASA Harvest Africa program Director. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Her research includes drought, agriculture and food security .
In 2020, Na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Nakalembe |
Catherine Janet Kissee Sandoval is a former commissioner of the California Public Utilities Commission . Sandoval is a professor at Santa Clara University School of Law . As of February 2023 [update] , she has served as a member of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board . In 1984, she was the first Lat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Sandoval |
Catherine Wolfe Bruce (January 22, 1816, New York – March 13, 1900, New York) was a noted American philanthropist and patron of astronomy. [ 1 ]
Bruce was born on January 22, 1816. She was the daughter of the George Bruce (1781–1866), a famous type founder who was born in Edinburgh , and Catherine Wolfe (1785–1861), t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Wolfe_Bruce |
Catherine gardens is an architectural concept where large ecosystems are enclosed in huge shells around buildings to protect them from pollution. This is also referred to as "floating ecosystems" that can be retrofitted on high rise buildings or "hollow ecosystems" [ 1 ] because of the empty spaces predicted in the des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_gardens |
Chiral materials Organometallic chemistry Hydroboration Materials
Nagoya University (ITbM) University of New Brunswick
Cathleen M. Crudden is a Canadian chemist. She is a Canada Research Chair in Metal Organic Chemistry at Queen's University at Kingston . In February 2021, she took up the role of Editor-in-chief at A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathleen_Crudden |
Cathodic arc deposition or Arc-PVD is a physical vapor deposition technique in which an electric arc is used to vaporize material from a cathode target. The vaporized material then condenses on a substrate, forming a thin film . The technique can be used to deposit metallic , ceramic , and composite films.
Industrial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_arc_deposition |
Cathodic protection ( CP ; / k æ ˈ θ ɒ d ɪ k / ⓘ ) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell . [ 1 ] A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded " sacrificial metal " to act as the anode . The sacri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_disbonding |
Cathodic modification within chemistry is the retardation of anodic reaction as the result of an increase in the ability of an alloy to be passivated by the introduction of an active cathode into the alloy e.g. the alloying of stainless steel and titanium with platinum group metals (1) . This is one way in which corros... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_modification |
Cathodic protection ( CP ; / k æ ˈ θ ɒ d ɪ k / ⓘ ) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell . [ 1 ] A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded " sacrificial metal " to act as the anode . The sacri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_protection |
Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electromagnetic phenomenon in which electrons impacting on a luminescent material such as a phosphor , cause the emission of photons which may have wavelengths in the visible spectrum . A familiar example is the generation of light by an electron beam scanning the phosphor-coated i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodoluminescence |
In condensed matter physics and inorganic chemistry , the cation-anion radius ratio can be used to predict the crystal structure of an ionic compound based on the relative size of its atoms. It is defined as the ratio of the ionic radius of the positively charged cation to the ionic radius of the negatively charged ani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-anion_radius_ratio |
Cation-exchange capacity ( CEC ) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. [ 1 ] Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity |
Cation diffusion facilitators (CDFs) are transmembrane proteins that provide tolerance of cells to divalent metal ions, such as cadmium, zinc, and cobalt . These proteins are considered to be efflux pumps that remove these divalent metal ions from cells . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] However, some members of the CDF superfamily are imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation_diffusion_facilitator |
Cationization of cotton is an electro kinetic phenomena ( zeta potential and electro kinetic) for surface charge of cotton . The cotton surface is charged with negative ions. Cationization alters the characterization of the surface of the cotton which allows salt free dyeing and improves the dye ability of cotton. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationization_of_cotton |
Cation-cation interactions often occur between molecular cations of transition metals and f-elements (so-called yl cations). They are distinguished as a separate type of intermolecular interactions , since without taking them into account, cations usually repel each other in accordance with Coulomb's law .
Of particul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation–cation_bond |
Cation–π interaction is a noncovalent molecular interaction between the face of an electron-rich π system (e.g. benzene , ethylene , acetylene ) and an adjacent cation (e.g. Li + , Na + ). This interaction is an example of noncovalent bonding between a monopole (cation) and a quadrupole (π system). Bonding energies ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation–π_interaction |
The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol . The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process , was developed by BP Chemicals and is under license by BP Plc. [ 1 ] : 293–307 The process is based on an iridium -containing catalyst , such as the anionic comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cativa_process |
The Catlin Seaview Survey , later renamed the XL Catlin Seaview Survey , was a major scientific expedition which commenced in September 2012, whose aim was to document the composition and health of coral reefs worldwide. Specifically, the survey aimed to "carry out a rapid assessment of the current state of coral reef ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catlin_Seaview_Survey |
Cator Park is a park in Kidbrooke , Greenwich . [ 1 ] It has been won awards for placemaking , [ 2 ] biodiversity , [ 3 ] and landscape . [ 3 ]
It was resigned by HTA Design in collaboration with the London Wildlife Trust and opened to the public in 2019. [ 4 ] The park is made up of multiple biophilic spaces includin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cator_Park |
The age of cattle is determined chiefly by examination of the teeth , and less perfectly by the horn rings or the length of the tail brush; due to bang-tailing, which is the act of cutting the long hairs at the tip of the tail short to identify the animal after management practices, the last method is the least reliabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_age_determination |
In optics , Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy , who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and reflection of light". [ 1 ]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy's_equation |
Cauchy's functional equation is the functional equation : f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) . {\displaystyle f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y).\ }
A function f {\displaystyle f} that solves this equation is called an additive function . Over the rational numbers , it can be shown using elementary algebra that there is a single family o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy's_functional_equation |
In mathematics , specifically group theory , Cauchy's theorem states that if G is a finite group and p is a prime number dividing the order of G (the number of elements in G ), then G contains an element of order p . That is, there is x in G such that p is the smallest positive integer with x p = e , where e is the ide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy's_theorem_(group_theory) |
In mathematics , a Cauchy-continuous , or Cauchy-regular , function is a special kind of continuous function between metric spaces (or more general spaces). Cauchy-continuous functions have the useful property that they can always be (uniquely) extended to the Cauchy completion of their domain.
Let X {\displaystyle X}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy-continuous_function |
The Cauchy formula for repeated integration , named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy , allows one to compress n antiderivatives of a function into a single integral (cf. Cauchy's formula ). For non-integer n it yields the definition of fractional integrals and (with n < 0) fractional derivatives .
Let f be a continuous fun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_formula_for_repeated_integration |
In mathematical analysis , the Cauchy index is an integer associated to a real rational function over an interval . By the Routh–Hurwitz theorem , we have the following interpretation: the Cauchy index of
over the real line is the difference between the number of roots of f ( z ) located in the right half-plane and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_index |
In mathematics , the Cauchy principal value , named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy , is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would otherwise be undefined. In this method, a singularity on an integral interval is avoided by limiting the integral interval to the non singular domain.
Depending o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_principal_value |
A Cauchy problem in mathematics asks for the solution of a partial differential equation that satisfies certain conditions that are given on a hypersurface in the domain. [ 1 ] A Cauchy problem can be an initial value problem or a boundary value problem (for this case see also Cauchy boundary condition ). It is named a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_problem |
In mathematics , more specifically in mathematical analysis , the Cauchy product is the discrete convolution of two infinite series . It is named after the French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy .
The Cauchy product may apply to infinite series [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or power series. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] When people apply it to finit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_product |
In mathematics , a Cauchy sequence is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses. [ 1 ] More precisely, given any small positive distance, all excluding a finite number of elements of the sequence are less than that given distance from each other. Cauchy sequences are na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_sequence |
In mathematics, Cauchy wavelets are a family of continuous wavelets, used in the continuous wavelet transform .
The Cauchy wavelet of order p {\displaystyle p} is defined as:
ψ p ( t ) = Γ ( p + 1 ) 2 π ( j t + j ) p + 1 {\displaystyle \psi _{p}(t)={\frac {\Gamma (p+1)}{2\pi }}\left({\frac {j}{t+j}}\right)^{p+1}}
wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_wavelet |
The Cauchy–Born rule or Cauchy–Born approximation is a basic hypothesis used in the mathematical formulation of solid mechanics which relates the movement of atoms in a crystal to the overall deformation of the bulk solid. A widespread simplified version states that in a crystalline solid subject to a small strain , th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Born_rule |
In mathematics , the Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a result in complex analysis named after the French mathematicians Augustin Louis Cauchy and Jacques Hadamard , describing the radius of convergence of a power series . It was published in 1821 by Cauchy, [ 1 ] but remained relatively unknown until Hadamard rediscovered i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Hadamard_theorem |
In mathematics , the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem (also written as the Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem ) is the main local existence and uniqueness theorem for analytic partial differential equations associated with Cauchy initial value problems . A special case was proven by Augustin Cauchy ( 1842 ), and the full result by S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Kovalevskaya_theorem |
A classical problem of Stanislaw Ulam in the theory of functional equations is the following: When is it true that a function which approximately satisfies a functional equation E must be close to an exact solution of E ? In 1941, Donald H. Hyers gave a partial affirmative answer to this question in the context of Bana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Rassias_stability |
The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality (also called Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is an upper bound on the inner product between two vectors in an inner product space in terms of the product of the vector norms . It is considered one of the most important and widely used inequalities in mathema... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Schwarz_inequality |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.