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Choi Yang-do ( Korean : 최양도 ; born 1953) is a South Korean agricultural biotechnologist . His research focuses on the development of crops with stress-tolerant and yield-enhancing traits. One of his academic achievements is the discovery of a new jasmonate which enhances resistance against external stress of the crop. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi_Yang-do |
Let X be a set of sets none of which are empty. Then a choice function ( selector , selection ) on X is a mathematical function f that is defined on X such that f is a mapping that assigns each element of X to one of its elements.
Let X = { {1,4,7}, {9}, {2,7} }. Then the function f defined by f ({1, 4, 7}) = 7, f ({9... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice_function |
In quantum information theory and operator theory , the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism refers to the correspondence between quantum channels (described by completely positive maps ) and quantum states (described by density matrices ), this is introduced by Man-Duen Choi [ 1 ] and Andrzej Jamiołkowski . [ 2 ] It is also ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi–Jamiołkowski_isomorphism |
In oil and gas production a choke manifold is used to lower the pressure from the well head . It consist of a set of high pressure valves and at least two chokes . These chokes can be fixed or adjustable or a mix of both. The redundancy is needed so that if one choke has to be taken out of service, the flow can be dire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choke_manifold |
Cholamine chloride hydrochloride is one of Good's buffers with a pH in the physiological range. Its pKa at 20°C is 7.10, making it useful in cell culture work. [ 2 ] Its ΔpKa/°C is -0.027 and it has a solubility in water at 0°C of 4.2M.
This article about an amine is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholamine_chloride_hydrochloride |
Cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1) is an autoinducer signaling molecule present in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which causes cholera . CAI-1 is known structurally as a (S)-3-hydroxytridecan and regulates expression of virulence factors.
V. cholerae is the bacterium that houses the CAI-1 chemokine, and was incidentally d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_autoinducer-1 |
Cholestane is a saturated tetracyclic steroid biosynthetically derived from triterpenoids . This 27-carbon biomarker is produced by diagenesis of cholesterol and is one of the most abundant biomarkers in the rock record. [ 2 ] Presence of cholestane, its derivatives and related chemical compounds in environmental sampl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestane |
3DAX , 3SN5 , 3V8D
1581
13122
ENSG00000167910
ENSMUSG00000028240
P22680
Q64505
NM_000780
NM_007824
NP_000771
NP_031850
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene [ 5 ] which has an i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_7_alpha-hydroxylase |
Cholesterol Consensus Domains are highly conserved protein motifs that bind cholesterol . They are commonly located in alpha helices of transmembrane domains within integral membrane proteins , [ 1 ] although examples in β-strands have also been found. [ 2 ]
CRAC (cholesterol-recognition amino acid consensus) is defin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_consensus_domain |
3NA1 , 3N9Y , 3N9Z , 3NA0
1583
13070
ENSG00000140459 ENSG00000288362
ENSMUSG00000032323
P05108
Q9QZ82
NM_001099773 NM_000781
NM_019779 NM_001346787
NP_000772 NP_001093243
NP_001333716 NP_062753
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc , where "scc" is an abbreviation for side... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_side-chain_cleavage_enzyme |
Cholesterol is a cell signaling molecule that is highly regulated in eukaryotic cell membranes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In human health, its effects are most notable in inflammation , metabolic syndrome , and neurodegeneration . [ 4 ] At the molecular level, cholesterol primarily signals by regulating clustering of saturated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_signaling |
Cholesterol total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule cholesterol and is considered a great scientific achievement. [ 1 ] The research group of Robert Robinson with John Cornforth ( Oxford University ) published their synthesis in 1951 [ 2 ] and that of Robert Burns Woodward ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_total_synthesis |
Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine . [ 1 ] In general, the word " choline " describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N , N , N -trimethylethanolammonium cation . Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the neurotra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic |
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates the innate immune response to injury, pathogens , and tissue ischemia . It is the efferent, or motor arm of the inflammatory reflex , the neural circuit that responds to and regulates the inflammatory response. [ 1 ]
In 1987, a study showed that administration of ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_anti-inflammatory_pathway |
A cholinergic crisis is an over-stimulation at a neuromuscular junction due to an excess of acetylcholine , [ 1 ] as a result of the inactivity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme , which normally breaks down acetylcholine.
As a result of cholinergic crisis, the muscles stop responding to the high synaptic levels of ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis |
In botany, the Cholodny–Went model , proposed in 1927, is an early model describing tropism in emerging shoots of monocotyledons , including the tendencies for the shoot to grow towards the light ( phototropism ) and the roots to grow downward ( gravitropism ).
In both cases the directional growth is considered to be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholodny–Went_model |
In formal language theory , the Chomsky–Schützenberger enumeration theorem is a theorem derived by Noam Chomsky and Marcel-Paul Schützenberger about the number of words of a given length generated by an unambiguous context-free grammar . The theorem provides an unexpected link between the theory of formal languages and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky–Schützenberger_enumeration_theorem |
In formal language theory , the Chomsky–Schützenberger representation theorem is a theorem derived by Noam Chomsky and Marcel-Paul Schützenberger in 1959 [ 1 ] about representing a given context-free language in terms of two simpler languages. These two simpler languages, namely a regular language and a Dyck language ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky–Schützenberger_representation_theorem |
The Chondritic Uniform Reservoir ( CHUR ) is a scientific model in astrophysics and geochemistry for the mean chemical composition of the part of the Solar Nebula from which, during the formation of the Solar System, chondrites formed. This hypothetical chemical reservoir is thought to have been similar in composition ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondritic_uniform_reservoir |
Chondroblasts , or perichondrial cells, is the name given to mesenchymal progenitor cells in situ which, from endochondral ossification , will form chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix . Another name for them is subchondral cortico-spongious progenitors. [ 1 ] They have euchromatic nuclei and stain by basic dye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroblast |
A chondrometer is a measuring instrument designed to determine the bulk density of grain . Grain density is measured in kilograms per hectolitre (Imp. pounds per bushel ). It is thus also referred to as the hectolitre mass. [ 1 ]
Density is a guide to wheat quality and determines the price and the space required to st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrometer |
A Choquet integral is a subadditive or superadditive integral created by the French mathematician Gustave Choquet in 1953. [ 1 ] It was initially used in statistical mechanics and potential theory , [ 2 ] but found its way into decision theory in the 1980s, [ 3 ] where it is used as a way of measuring the expected util... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choquet_integral |
In the field of astronomy the term chord typically refers to a line crossing an object which is traversed during an occultation event. By taking accurate measurements of the start and end times of the event, in conjunction with the known location of the observer and the object's orbit , the length of the chord can be d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord_(astronomy) |
A chord (from the Latin chorda , meaning " bowstring ") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc . If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line , the object is a secant line . The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord_(geometry) |
A chord (from the Latin chorda , meaning " bowstring ") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc . If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line , the object is a secant line . The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord_(trigonometry) |
The chorobates , described by Vitruvius in Book VIII of the De architectura , was used to measure horizontal planes and was especially important in the construction of aqueducts .
Similar to modern spirit levels , the chorobates consisted of a beam of wood 6 m in length held by two supporting legs and equipped with tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorobates |
Chorology (from Greek χῶρος , khōros , "place, space"; and -λογία , -logia ) can mean
The Greek geographer, Strabo (64 or 63 BC- 24AD) wrote in his work Geographica that a geographer is "the person who attempts to describe the parts of the earth" (in Greek, chorographein). [ 1 ]
In the twentieth century, German geogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorology |
The Chou–Fasman method is an empirical technique for the prediction of secondary structures in proteins , originally developed in the 1970s by Peter Y. Chou and Gerald D. Fasman. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The method is based on analyses of the relative frequencies of each amino acid in alpha helices , beta sheets , and turns b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chou–Fasman_method |
In mathematics , the Chowla–Mordell theorem is a result in number theory determining cases where a Gauss sum is the square root of a prime number , multiplied by a root of unity . It was proved and published independently by Sarvadaman Chowla and Louis Mordell , around 1951.
In detail, if p {\displaystyle p} is a prim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chowla–Mordell_theorem |
In mathematics , the Chowla–Selberg formula is the evaluation of a certain product of values of the gamma function at rational values in terms of values of the Dedekind eta function at imaginary quadratic irrational numbers. The result was essentially found by Lerch ( 1897 ) and rediscovered by Chowla and Selberg ( 194... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chowla–Selberg_formula |
In sub-Riemannian geometry , the Chow–Rashevskii theorem (also known as Chow's theorem ) asserts that any two points of a connected sub- Riemannian manifold , endowed with a bracket generating distribution, are connected by a horizontal path in the manifold. It is named after Wei-Liang Chow who proved it in 1939 , an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chow–Rashevskii_theorem |
Choy Jin-ho ( Korean : 최진호 ; born September 1, 1948) is a South Korean scientist. He was a professor in the department of chemistry at Seoul National University from 1981 to 2004, and thereafter a distinguished professor and director of the Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM) at Ewha Womans University .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choy_Jin-ho |
In biodiversity informatics , a chresonym is the cited use of a taxon name , usually a species name, within a publication. The term is derived from the Greek χρῆσις chresis meaning "a use" [ 1 ] and refers to published usage of a name.
The technical meaning of the related term synonym is for different names that refer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym |
Dr. Chris Ballentine is the chair of geochemistry and head of the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Oxford , in the United Kingdom. He uses properties of the noble gases to understand the origin and evolution of Earth's atmosphere and mantle .
Ballentine earned his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Ballentine |
Christopher Paul Ponting is a British computational biologist , specializing in the evolution and function of genes and genomes . He is currently Chair of Medical Bioinformatics at the University of Edinburgh and group leader in the MRC Human Genetics Unit. He is also an Associate Faculty member of the Wellcome Trust ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Ponting |
For other uses, see Chris Wallace (disambiguation) .
Christopher Stewart Wallace (26 October 1933 – 7 August 2004) was an Australian computer scientist and physicist .
Wallace is notable for having devised:
He was appointed Foundation Chair of Information Science at Monash University in 1968 at the age of 34 (before... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wallace_(computer_scientist) |
Christel Maria Marian (4 June 1954) is a German chemist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] She is a full professor and the director of the institute of theoretical and computational chemistry at the University of Düsseldorf . [ 3 ]
Marian studied chemistry in Cologne and Bonn. [ 1 ] She finished her doctorate in Theoretical Chemistry at th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christel_Marian |
The Christensen failure criterion is a material failure theory for isotropic materials that attempts to span the range from ductile to brittle materials. [ 1 ] It has a two-property form calibrated by the uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths T ( σ T ) {\displaystyle \left(\sigma _{T}\right)} and C ( σ C ) {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christensen_failure_criterion |
The Christiaan Huygens Medal , named after the mathematician and natural philosopher Christiaan Huygens , is a prize awarded by the European Geosciences Union to promote excellence in geosciences and space science . [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens_Medal |
Christian Friedrich Schönbein HFRSE (18 October 1799 – 29 August 1868) was a German-Swiss chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell (1838) [ 1 ] at the same time as William Robert Grove and his discoveries of guncotton [ 2 ] and ozone . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He also created the concept of geochemistry in 1838. [ 5 ]
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schönbein |
Christian P. R. Hackenberger (b. Osnabruck, 1976) is a German chemist. He is a professor of Chemical Biology at the Humboldt University of Berlin [ 1 ] and heads the research unit Biomolecule Modification and Delivery at the Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology. [ 2 ] He is a co-founder of the Munich-b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hackenberger |
Christian Hamel (4 October 1955 – 15 August 2017) was a French Professor at the Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier , Hôpital Saint Eloi (INM) research unit INSERM 583 of the University. He studied transduction , integration and disorders of sensory and motor systems with the ultimate goal of finding treatments ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hamel |
Christian G. Hartinger FRSNZ (born 1974) is an Austrian-born New Zealand bioinorganic chemist known for his work in metal-based anticancer drugs . In 2022 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi .
Hartinger studied chemistry at the University of Vienna , earning his MSc in 1999 and his PhD in 2001 und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Hartinger |
Christian Alfred Elie Janot (January 4, 1936 – February 23, 2022) was a French physicist and materials scientist known for his work on materials characterization using Mössbauer spectroscopy and his physical metallurgy studies of quasicrystals and noncrystalline materials using neutron scattering techniques. [ 1 ]
Jan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Janot |
Christian Karsten Hansen (born 18 August 1966) is a Danish biotechnology entrepreneur, investor and inventor, with work in new drugs, molecular biology and biochemistry.
Originally from Copenhagen (Denmark), he spent his childhood in Antwerp , Belgium and Caracas , Venezuela before completing high school at Sorø Acade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Karsten_Hansen |
Christian List FBA (born 1973) is a German philosopher and political scientist who serves as professor of philosophy and decision theory at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and co-director of the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He was previously professor of political science and philos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_List |
Christian Wolkersdorfer is a German hydrogeologist and mining hydrogeologist known for his work in mine water management and environmental remediation. He has held academic positions across Europe , North America , and Africa and contributed to research on water management in abandoned mines. He is a member of the Sout... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolkersdorfer |
Christians take multiple positions in the debate on the morality of human cloning . Since Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned on 5 July 1996, and the possibility of cloning humans became a reality, Christian leaders have been pressed to take an ethical stance on its morality . While many Christians tend to disagree... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_views_on_cloning |
Christian views on environmentalism vary greatly amongst different Christians and Christian denominations.
Green Christianity is a broad field that encompasses Christian theological reflection on nature , liturgy , and spiritual practices centered on environmental issues , as well as Christian-based activism in the en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism |
Maria Christina Lampe-Önnerud (born 4 February 1967) is a Swedish inorganic chemist , battery -inventor, and entrepreneur . [ 3 ] She has founded the companies Boston-Power Inc. (2005–2012) and Cadenza Innovation (initially called CloTeam, 2012). [ 4 ] She is developing batteries for use in computers, [ 5 ] electric ve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Lampe-Önnerud |
Christine Sykes Williams Ayoub (1922–2024) was a Canadian and American mathematician specializing in commutative algebra and a professor of mathematics at Pennsylvania State University . A Quaker and descendant of Quakers, she also edited a book of biographies of Quakers.
Ayoub was the daughter of William Lloyd Garris... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Ayoub |
Christine Joblin is a French astrochemist who uses spectroscopy to study photodissociation and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cosmic dust . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Beyond her experimental and observational work, she also contributed to the first clear finding of buckminsterfullerene in a meteorite , a ureilite that explod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Joblin |
Christine Riedtmann (born 1952) [ 1 ] is a Swiss mathematician specializing in abstract algebra . She earned her PhD in 1978 from the University of Zurich under the supervision of Pierre Gabriel , [ 2 ] and is a professor emeritus (since 2016) at the University of Bern . [ 3 ]
In 2012–2013 she was president of the Swi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Riedtmann |
Italy
The Christmas Offensive took place during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War . The Ethiopian offensive was more of a counteroffensive to an ever-slowing Italian offensive which started the war.
On 3 October 1935, Italian General Emilio De Bono invaded Abyssinia. De Bono's advance continued methodically, deliberate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Offensive |
In mathematics and physics , the Christoffel symbols are an array of numbers describing a metric connection . [ 1 ] The metric connection is a specialization of the affine connection to surfaces or other manifolds endowed with a metric , allowing distances to be measured on that surface. In differential geometry , an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_symbols |
Christoph Cremer (born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany ) is a German physicist and emeritus [ 1 ] at the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , former honorary professor at the University of Mainz [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and was a former group leader at Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) at the Johannes Gutenberg University of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Cremer |
Christoph Sutter (born 20 March 1973) [ 1 ] is a Swiss carbon expert and entrepreneur . Christoph attended the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology where he studied for an MSc in environmental science (1993–1999) and a master of didactics on environmental science. He also concluded his PhD on the topic, "Sustainabilit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Sutter |
Christoph Weder is the former director of the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) at the University of Fribourg , Switzerland, and a professor of polymer chemistry and materials. He is best known for his work on stimuli-responsive polymers , polymeric materials that change one or more of their properties when exposed to ext... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Weder |
Christopher A. Lipinski is a medicinal chemist who is working at Pfizer, Inc . [ 1 ] He is known for his "rule of five" , an algorithm that predicts drug compounds that are likely to have oral activity. [ 1 ] By the number of citations, he is the most cited author of some pharmacology journals: Journal of Pharmacologic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_A._Lipinski |
Christopher Boyce Burge is an American computational biologist and a Professor of Biology and Biological Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He is known for his research on gene expression regulation, particularly RNA processing mechanisms like RNA splicing , polyadenylation , and microRNA -mediated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Burge |
Christopher J. Chetsanga (born 1935 in Murehwa , Rhodesia ) is a prominent Zimbabwean scientist who is a member of the African Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] He discovered two enzymes involved in DNA repair . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He has also held various academic administrative posts like Vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Chetsanga |
Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold BEM FRS [ 1 ] (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Kelk_Ingold |
Hugh Christopher Longuet-Higgins (11 April 1923 – 27 March 2004) was a British theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist . He was the Professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge for 13 years until 1967 when he moved to the University of Edinburgh to work in the developing field of cognitive scie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Longuet-Higgins |
In mathematics, the Christ–Kiselev maximal inequality is a maximal inequality for filtrations , named for mathematicians Michael Christ and Alexander Kiselev . [ 1 ]
A continuous filtration of ( M , μ ) {\displaystyle (M,\mu )} is a family of measurable sets { A α } α ∈ R {\displaystyle \{A_{\alpha }\}_{\alpha \in \ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ–Kiselev_maximal_inequality |
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance. [ 1 ]
It is used in many video and still image encoding schemes – both analog and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_subsampling |
Chromalveolata was a eukaryote supergroup present in a major classification of 2005, then regarded as one of the six major groups within the eukaryotes. [ 3 ] It was a refinement of the kingdom Chromista , first proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1981. Chromalveolata was proposed to represent the organisms descended ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromalveolata |
Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO 2− 4 . Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr 2 O 2− 7 . They are oxyanions of chromium in the +6 oxidation state and are moderately strong oxidizing agents . In an aqueous solution , chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible.
Chromates react with hy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromate_and_dichromate |
Chromate conversion coating or alodine coating is a type of conversion coating used to passivate steel , aluminium , zinc , cadmium , copper , silver , titanium , magnesium , and tin alloys. [ 1 ] : p.1265 [ 2 ] The coating serves as a corrosion inhibitor , as a primer to improve the adherence of paints and adhesives ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromate_conversion_coating |
A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id ) is one half of a duplicated chromosome . Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. In replication, the DNA molecule is copied, and the two molecules are known as chromatids. [ 1 ] During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate lon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatid |
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. [ 1 ] The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division , preventing DNA damage , and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin |
Chromatin assembly factor-1 ( CAF-1 ) is a protein complex — including Chaf1a (p150), Chaf1b (p60), and p48 subunits in humans, or Cac1, Cac2, and Cac3, respectively, in yeast— that assembles histone tetramers onto replicating DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
CAF-1 functions as a histo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_assembly_factor_1 |
Chromatin bridge is a mitotic occurrence that forms when telomeres of sister chromatids fuse together and fail to completely segregate into their respective daughter cells. Because this event is most prevalent during anaphase , the term anaphase bridge is often used as a substitute. After the formation of individual da... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_bridge |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell. It aims to determine whether specific proteins are associated with specific genomic regions, such as transcription factors on promoters or other DNA bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_immunoprecipitation |
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins , and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_remodeling |
A chromatin variant (also known as an epigenetic lesion, epimutation or epigenetic alteration) corresponds to a section of the genome that differs in chromatin states across cell types /states within an individual (intra-individual) or between individuals for a given cell type/state (inter-individual). Chromatin varian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_variant |
Chromatofocusing is a protein-separation technique that allows resolution of single proteins and other ampholytes from a complex mixture according to differences in their isoelectric point . [ 1 ] Chromatofocusing uses ion exchange resins and is typically performed on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) or simila... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatofocusing |
Chromatographic response function , often abbreviated to CRF , is a coefficient which measures the quality of the separation in the result of a chromatography .
The CRF concept have been created during the development of separation optimization, to compare the quality of many simulated or real chromatographic separat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatographic_response_function |
In chemical analysis , chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase , which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography |
A chromatography column is a device used in chromatography for the separation of chemical compounds. A chromatography column contains the stationary phase , allowing the mobile phase to pass through it.
Chromatography columns of different types are used in both gas and liquid chromatography:
While small-scale columns... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_column |
A chromatography detector is a device that detects and quantifies separated compounds as they elute from the chromatographic column . These detectors are integral to various chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography , [ 1 ] liquid chromatography , and high-performance liquid chromatography , [ 2 ] and supe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_detector |
Chromatography is a physical method of separation that distributes the components you want to separate between two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) moving in a definite direction. Cold ethanol precipitation, developed by Cohn in 1946, manipulates pH, ionic strength, ethanol concen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_in_blood_processing |
Chromatography software is called also Chromatography Data System . [ 1 ] It is located in the data station of the modern liquid, gas or supercritical fluid chromatographic systems. This is a dedicated software connected to an hardware interface within the chromatographic system, which serves as a central hub for coll... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_software |
Chromatoidal bodies are aggregations of ribosomes found in cysts of some amoebae including Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli . They exist in the cytoplasm and are dark staining. In the early cystic stages of E. histolytica , chromatid bodies arise from aggregation of ribosomes forming polycrystalline masses. As ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatoidal_bodies |
In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria , a chromatophore is a pigmented(coloured), membrane-associated vesicle used to perform photosynthesis. They contain different coloured pigments.
Chromatophores contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. [ 1 ] In purple bacteria , such as Rhodospirillum rubrum , the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatophore_(bacteria) |
In molecular biology , a chromatosome is a result of histone H1 binding to a nucleosome , which contains a histone octamer and DNA . [ 1 ] The chromatosome contains 166 base pairs of DNA. 146 base pairs are from the DNA wrapped around the histone core of the nucleosome. The remaining 20 base pairs are from the DNA of h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatosome |
Chrome Azurol S is a histological dye used in biomedical research. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Chrome Azural S (CAS) is a common spectrophotometric reagent for detection of certain metals like aluminum which can be toxic in excess and can contribute to people with neurodegenerative disorders . [ 3 ] CAS is used to provide quantitativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_Azurol_S |
Chrome yellow is a bright, warm yellow pigment that has been used in art, fashion, and industry. It is the premier orange pigment for many applications. [ 2 ]
The raw pigment precipitates as a fine solid upon mixing lead(II) salts and a source of chromate. Approximately 90,000 tons of chrome yellow are produced annual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_yellow |
In chemistry , chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds . In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules , especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron dens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromism |
Chromium(II) acetate hydrate , also known as chromous acetate , is the coordination compound with the formula Cr 2 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 4 (H 2 O) 2 . This formula is commonly abbreviated Cr 2 (OAc) 4 (H 2 O) 2 . This red-coloured compound features a quadruple bond . It exists as the dihydrate and the anhydrous forms. Both ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(II)_acetate |
Chromium(II) chloride describes inorganic compounds with the formula Cr Cl 2 (H 2 O) n . The anhydrous solid is white when pure, however commercial samples are often grey or green; it is hygroscopic and readily dissolves in water to give bright blue air-sensitive solutions of the tetrahydrate Cr(H 2 O) 4 Cl 2 . Chromiu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(II)_chloride |
Chromium(II) oxide (CrO) is an inorganic compound composed of chromium and oxygen . [ 1 ] It is a black powder that crystallises in the rock salt structure. [ 2 ] Hypophosphites may reduce chromium(III) oxide to chromium(II) oxide:
It is readily oxidized by the atmosphere. CrO is basic , while CrO 3 is acidic , and Cr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(II)_oxide |
Chromium(III) oxide (or chromia ) is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr 2 O 3 . It is one of the principal oxides of chromium and is used as a pigment. In nature, it occurs as the rare mineral eskolaite . [ 3 ]
Cr 2 O 3 has the corundum structure, consisting of a hexagonal close packed array of oxide anions wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(III)_oxide |
Chromium dioxide or chromium(IV) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO 2 . It is a black synthetic magnetic solid. [ 3 ] It once was widely used in magnetic tape emulsion . [ 4 ] With the increase in popularity of CDs and DVDs and more recently digital media, the use of chromium(IV) oxide has declined. H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium(IV)_oxide |
Chromium acetate hydroxide is the coordination complex with the formula [Cr 2 (OH) 3 (OAc) 3 ] 4 . A dark violet solid, it crystallizes as the triacontatetrahydrate (34 molecules of water of crystallization ). It is water soluble. [ 1 ]
The complex is a tetramer of binuclear Cr 2 (OH) 3 (OAc) 3 . The subunits are lin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_acetate_hydroxide |
Chromium hexafluoride or chromium(VI) fluoride is a hypothetical chemical compound between chromium and fluorine with the chemical formula Cr F 6 . It was previously thought to be an unstable yellow solid decomposing at −100 °C, [ 2 ] but this has been shown to be a misidentification of chromium pentafluoride , CrF 5 .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_hexafluoride |
Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely resistant to corrosion . It is an interstitial compound , with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice: [ 2 ] as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_nitride |
Chromo-modal dispersion (CMD) results from exciting various modes of a multimode waveguide with unique spectral components of a broadband optical signal. [ 1 ] Modal dispersion during propagation in the waveguide then provides group velocity dispersion to the signal. The large modal dispersion inherent to multimode wav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromo-modal_dispersion |
Chromogenic in situ hybridization ( CISH ) is a cytogenetic technique that combines the chromogenic signal detection method of immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques with in situ hybridization. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was developed around the year 2000 as an alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromogenic_in_situ_hybridization |
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color . [ 2 ] The word is derived from Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (chroma) ' color ' and -φόρος (phoros) ' carrier of ' .
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible lig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromophore |
Chromosomal crossover , or crossing over , is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes ' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes . It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination , which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of mei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover |
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