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A chromosomal abnormality , chromosomal anomaly , chromosomal aberration , chromosomal mutation , or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These can occur in the form of numerical abnormalities, where there is an atypical number of chromosomes, or as structural a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality |
Chromosome combing (also known as molecular combing or DNA combing) [ 1 ] is a technique used to produce an array of uniformly stretched DNA that is then highly suitable for nucleic acid hybridization studies such as fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) which benefit from the uniformity of stretching, the easy acce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_combing |
Chromosome conformation capture techniques (often abbreviated to 3C technologies or 3C-based methods [ 1 ] ) are a set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell. These methods quantify the number of interactions between genomic loci that are nearby in 3-D space, but ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_conformation_capture |
Chromosome jumping is a tool of molecular biology that is used in the physical mapping of genomes . It is related to several other tools used for the same purpose, including chromosome walking .
Chromosome jumping is used to bypass regions difficult to clone , such as those containing repetitive DNA , that cannot be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_jumping |
Chromosomal landing is a genetic technique used to identify and isolate clones in a genetic library. Chromosomal landing reduces the problem of analyzing large, and/or highly repetitive genomes by minimizing the need for chromosome walking. [ 1 ] It is based on the principle that the expected average between- marker di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_landing |
In biology , the chromosome scaffold is the backbone that supports the structure of the chromosomes . It is composed of a group of non-histone proteins that are essential in the structure and maintenance of eukaryotic chromosomes throughout the cell cycle . These scaffold proteins are responsible for the condensation o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_scaffold |
In cell biology , chromosome territories are regions of the nucleus preferentially occupied by particular chromosomes .
Interphase chromosomes are long DNA strands that are extensively folded, and are often described as appearing like a bowl of spaghetti . The chromosome territory concept holds that despite this appar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_territories |
Chromosomal instability ( CIN ) is a type of genomic instability in which chromosomes are unstable, such that either whole chromosomes or parts of chromosomes are duplicated or deleted. More specifically, CIN refers to the increase in rate of addition or loss of entire chromosomes or sections of them. [ 1 ] The unequal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_theory_of_cancer |
In chemistry , chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds . In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules , especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron dens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromotropism |
Chromium oxychloride
Chromyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO 2 Cl 2 . It is a reddish brown compound that is a volatile liquid at room temperature, which is unusual for transition metal compounds. It is the dichloride of chromic acid .
Chromyl chloride can be prepared by the reaction of potassi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromyl_chloride |
Chromyl fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr O 2 F 2 . It is a violet-red colored crystalline solid that melts to an orange-red liquid. [ 2 ]
The liquid and gaseous CrO 2 F 2 have a tetrahedral geometry with C 2v symmetry , much like chromyl chloride . [ 3 ] Chromyl fluoride dimerizes via fluoride bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromyl_fluoride |
Chronic toxicity , the development of adverse effects as a result of long term exposure to a contaminant or other stressor, is an important aspect of aquatic toxicology . [ 1 ] Adverse effects associated with chronic toxicity can be directly lethal but are more commonly sublethal, including changes in growth, reproduct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_toxicity |
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes , including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar - and lunar -related rhythms. [ 1 ] These cycles are known as biological rhythms. Chronobiology comes from the ancient Greek χρόνος ( chrónos , meaning "time"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology |
Chronocinematograph is an astronomical instrument consisting of a film camera , chronometer and chronograph . [ 1 ] : 15 [ 2 ] : 284–285 The device records images using a more precise timetable for observing an eclipse. It was invented in 1927 by a Polish astronomer, mathematician and geodesist Tadeusz Banachiewicz for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronocinematograph |
A chronogram is a sentence or inscription in which specific letters, interpreted as numerals (such as Roman numerals ), stand for a particular date when rearranged. The word, meaning "time writing", derives from the Greek words chronos (χρόνος "time") and gramma (γράμμα, "letter").
In the pure chronogram , each word c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronogram |
A chronograph is a specific type of watch that is used as a stopwatch combined with a display watch. A basic chronograph has hour and minute hands on the main dial to tell the time, a small seconds hand to tell that the watch is running, and a seconds hand on the main dial usually equipped with a sweeping movement for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronograph |
Pi (approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288) is a mathematical sequence of numbers.
The table below is a brief chronology of computed numerical values of, or bounds on, the mathematical constant pi ( π ). For more detailed explanations for some of these calculations, see Approximations of π .
As of May 202... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_computation_of_π |
A chronospecies is a species derived from a sequential development pattern that involves continual and uniform changes from an extinct ancestral form on an evolutionary scale. The sequence of alterations eventually produces a population that is physically, morphologically , and/or genetically distinct from the original... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronospecies |
A chronozone or chron is a unit in chronostratigraphy , defined by events such as geomagnetic reversals (magnetozones), or based on the presence of specific fossils (biozone or biochronozone).
According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy , the term "chronozone" refers to the rocks formed during a particul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronozone |
Chroococcidiopsis is a photosynthetic , coccoidal bacterium , and the only genus in the order Chroococcidiopsidales and in the family Chroococcidiopsidaceae . A diversity of species and cultures exist within the genus, [ 3 ] with a diversity of phenotypes. Some extremophile members of Chroococcidiopsis are known for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroococcidiopsis |
The Chrysler Air Raid Siren is an outdoor warning siren produced during the Cold War era that has an output of 138 dB(C) at 100 feet.
It was known as the Chrysler Bell Victory Siren during its first generation, which was between the end of World War II and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is reputed to be the loudest a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Air-Raid_Siren |
Chrysocolla ( gold-solder , Greek χρῡσόκολλα ; [ 1 ] Latin chrȳsocolla, [ 2 ] oerugo, santerna; Syriac "tankar" ( Bar Bahlul ), alchemical symbol 🜸), also known as "goldsmith's solder" [ 3 ] and "solder of Macedonia" ( Pseudo-Democritus ), [ 4 ] denotes: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysocolla_(gold-solder) |
Chrysoine resorcinol is a synthetic azo dye which was formerly used as a food additive . [ citation needed ] In Europe, it was banned as a food additive in 1977. [ 1 ] In the US, it was banned in 1988. [ 2 ]
Chrysoine resorcinol can be used as a pH indicator with a color change between pH 11 and pH 12.7.
In colorimetr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoine_resorcinol |
The Chu Silk Manuscript ( traditional Chinese : 楚帛書 ; simplified Chinese : 楚帛书 ; pinyin : Chǔ Bóshū ; Wade–Giles : Ch'u Po-shu ), also known as the Chu Silk Manuscript from Zidanku in Changsha ( traditional Chinese : 長沙子彈庫楚帛書 ; simplified Chinese : 长沙子弹库楚帛书 ; pinyin : Chángshā Zǐdànkù Chǔ Bóshū ; Wade–Giles : Ch'ang-sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_Silk_Manuscript |
Chuan He ( Chinese : 何川 ) is a Chinese-American chemical biologist. He currently serves as the John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago , and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . [ 1 ] He is best known for his work in discovering and deciphering reversible RNA meth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan_He |
Chuen Yan Cheng ( Chinese : 鄭泉恩 ) is a Senior Scientist for the Population Council 's Center for Biomedical Research. He is most well known as the inventor of the non- steroid male contraceptive drug — Adjudin , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which is the first male contraceptive drug on the market now finished clinical trial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuen_Yan_Cheng |
The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the net removal of water from alcohols to produce alkenes . [ 1 ] The intermediate is a xanthate . It is named for its discoverer, the Russian chemist Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (1873–1922), who first reported the reaction sequence in 1899.
In the first step... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chugaev_elimination |
In probability theory , the Chung–Erdős inequality provides a lower bound on the probability that one out of many (possibly dependent) events occurs. The lower bound is expressed in terms of the probabilities for pairs of events.
Formally, let A 1 , … , A n {\displaystyle A_{1},\ldots ,A_{n}} be events. Assume that Pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung–Erdős_inequality |
The Churchill Barriers are four causeways in the Orkney islands [ 1 ] with a total length of 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi). They link the Orkney Mainland in the north to the island of South Ronaldsay via Burray [ 2 ] and the two smaller islands of Lamb Holm and Glimps Holm .
The barriers were built between May 1940 and Sep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Barriers |
In lambda calculus , the Church–Rosser theorem states that, when applying reduction rules to terms , the ordering in which the reductions are chosen does not make a difference to the eventual result.
More precisely, if there are two distinct reductions or sequences of reductions that can be applied to the same term, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church–Rosser_theorem |
In computability theory , the Church–Turing thesis (also known as computability thesis , [ 1 ] the Turing–Church thesis , [ 2 ] the Church–Turing conjecture , Church's thesis , Church's conjecture , and Turing's thesis ) is a thesis about the nature of computable functions . It states that a function on the natural num... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church–Turing_thesis |
The churn drill is a large drilling machine that bores large diameter holes in the ground. In mining , they were used to drill into the soft carbonate rocks of lead and zinc hosted regions to extract bulk samples of the ore. Churn drills are also called percussion drills, as they function by lifting and dropping a heav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churn_drill |
A chute is a vertical or inclined plane , channel, or passage through which objects are moved by means of gravity .
A chute, also known as a race, flume , cat, or river canyon, is a steep-sided passage through which water flows rapidly.
Akin to these, man-made chutes, such as the timber slide and log flume , were use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chute_(gravity) |
Chuvash numerals is an ancient numeral system from the Old Turkic script the Chuvash people used. (Modern Chuvash use Hindu-Arabic numerals .)
Those numerals originate from finger numeration . They look like Roman numerals , but larger numerals stay at the right side. It was possible to carve those numerals on wood. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvash_numerals |
Chvorinov's rule is a physical relationship that relates the solidification time for a simple casting to the volume and surface area of the casting. It was first expressed by Czech engineer Nicolas Chvorinov in 1940. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
According to the rule, a casting with a larger surface area and smaller volume will cool m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chvorinov's_rule |
In mathematics , the Chvátal–Sankoff constants are mathematical constants that describe the lengths of longest common subsequences of random strings . Although the existence of these constants has been proven, their exact values are unknown. They are named after Václav Chvátal and David Sankoff , who began investigatin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chvátal–Sankoff_constants |
The Chézy Formula is a semi-empirical resistance equation [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which estimates mean flow velocity in open channel conduits. [ 3 ] The relationship was conceptualized and developed in 1768 by French physicist and engineer Antoine de Chézy (1718–1798) while designing Paris's water canal system. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Chézy d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chézy_formula |
CieloBuio-coordinamento per la protezione del cielo notturno ( Coordination for the protection of the night sky ) is a non-profit organization that operates in Italy for the protection of the night sky by promoting a culture of eco-friendly lighting and raising public awareness about the phenomenon of light pollution .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CieloBuio |
In organic chemistry , the Cieplak effect is a predictive model to rationalize why nucleophiles preferentially add to one face of a carbonyl over another. Proposed by Andrzej Stanislaw Cieplak in 1980, it correctly predicts results that could not be justified by the other standard models at the time, such as the Cram a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cieplak_effect |
Cilazapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE inhibitor ) used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
It was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1990. [ 3 ]
Of the eight possible stereoisomers , only the all-( S )-form is medically viable. [ citation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilazapril |
This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology . For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology , G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilia_(botany) |
The ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita nuclear code (translation table 6 ) is a genetic code used by certain ciliate , dasycladacean and Hexamita species.
The ciliate macronuclear code has not been determined completely. The codon UAA is known to code for Gln only in the Oxytrichidae.
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate,_dasycladacean_and_hexamita_nuclear_code |
Ciliogenesis is defined as the building of the cell's antenna ( primary cilia ) or extracellular fluid mediation mechanism ( motile cilium ). [ 1 ] It includes the assembly and disassembly of the cilia during the cell cycle . Cilia are important appendages of cells and are involved in numerous activities such as cell s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliogenesis |
Cinacalcet , sold under the brand name Sensipar among others, is a medication used to treat primary hyperparathyroidism , tertiary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma . [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 5 ] Cinacalcet acts as a calcimimetic (i.e., it mimics the action of calcium on tissues ) by allosteric activation of the calci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinacalcet |
Cindy Golding (born 1952) is an American politician, entrepreneur, farmer and former chemist who has represented the 83rd district of the Iowa House of Representatives since January 2023, which consists of much of rural Linn County . She is a member of the Republican Party . [ 1 ]
Golding was born in 1952 in Chicago ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Golding |
The Ciner Wyoming LCC is a mining and chemical industry company based in Wyoming, United States, producing natural soda ash from trona. The initial company was founded in 1962. Since 2015, it is under the control of the Turkish Ciner Holding.
In 1962, Big Island Mine and Refinery was founded by the Stauffer Chemical C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciner_Wyoming |
A cinetheodolite or kinetheodolite is a photographic instrument for collection of trajectory data. It can be used to acquire data in the testing of missiles , rockets , projectiles , aircraft , and fire control systems ; in the ripple firing of rockets, graze action tests, air burst fuze tests, and similar operations. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinetheodolite |
Cinnabar ( / ˈ s ɪ n ə ˌ b ɑːr / ; from Ancient Greek κιννάβαρι ( kinnábari ) ), [ 7 ] or cinnabarite ( / ˌ s ɪ n ə ˈ b ɑːr aɪ t / ), also known as mercurblende is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS). It is the most common source ore for refining elemental mercury and is the historic sourc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabar |
Cinnamon basil is a type of basil ( Ocimum basilicum ). The term "cinnamon basil" can refer to a number of different varieties of basil, including as a synonym for Thai basil ( O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora ), as a particular cultivar of Thai basil, [ 1 ] and as a separate cultivar in its own right (i.e., O. basilicum ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_basil |
Cintāmaṇi ( Sanskrit ; Devanagari : चिन्तामणि ; Chinese : 如意寶珠 ; pinyin : Rúyì bǎozhū ; Mongolian : Чандмань , romanized : Chandmani ; Korean : 여의보주/yeouiboju; Japanese Romaji : Nyoihōju ), also spelled as Chintamani (or the Chintamani Stone ), is a wish -fulfilling jewel resembling a pearl described in Hindu and Mahay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cintamani |
In computational number theory , Cipolla's algorithm is a technique for solving a congruence of the form
where x , n ∈ F p {\displaystyle x,n\in \mathbf {F} _{p}} , so n is the square of x , and where p {\displaystyle p} is an odd prime . Here F p {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{p}} denotes the finite field with p {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipolla's_algorithm |
Ciprian Manolescu ( Romanian pronunciation: [tʃipriˈan manoˈlesku] ; born December 24, 1978) is a Romanian-American [ 2 ] mathematician, working in gauge theory , symplectic geometry , and low-dimensional topology . He is currently a professor of mathematics at Stanford University .
Manolescu completed his first eight... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprian_Manolescu |
The Cirac–Zoller controlled-NOT gate is an implementation of the controlled-NOT (CNOT) quantum logic gate using cold trapped ions that was proposed by Ignacio Cirac and Peter Zoller in 1995 and represents the central ingredient of the Cirac–Zoller proposal for a trapped-ion quantum computer . [ 1 ] The key idea of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirac–Zoller_controlled-NOT_gate |
In chronobiology , the circannual cycle is characterized by biological processes and behaviors recurring on an approximate annual basis, spanning a period of about one year. This term is particularly relevant in the analysis of seasonal environmental changes and their influence on the physiology, behavior, and life cyc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circannual_cycle |
The Circe effect is a phenomenon proposed by William Jencks seen in chemistry and biochemistry where in order to speed up a reaction, the ground state of the substrate is destabilized by an enzyme . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Highly favourable binding of a substrate at a non-reactive site will force the reactive site of the substrat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circe_effect |
Circinella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Syncephalastraceae . [ 1 ] It was first described by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem & (Alexandre Alexis) George Le Monnier in 1873. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution . [ 1 ]
Species: [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circinella |
A circle-throw vibrating machine is a screening machine employed in processes involving particle separation. In particle processes screening refers to separation of larger from smaller particles in a given feed, using only the materials' physical properties. Circle throw machines have simple structure with high screeni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle-throw_vibrating_machine |
Circle grid analysis ( CGA ), also known as circle grid strain analysis , is a method of measuring the strain levels of sheet metal after a part is formed by stamping or drawing . The name itself is a fairly accurate description of the process.
Literally, a grid of circles of known diameter is etched to the surface of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_grid_analysis |
The circle of equal altitude , also called circle of position ( CoP ), is defined as the locus of points on Earth on which an observer sees a celestial object such as the sun or a star , at a given time, with the same observed altitude . It was discovered by the American sea-captain Thomas Hubbard Sumner in 1837, publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_equal_altitude |
A circuit ID is a company-specific identifier assigned to a data or voice network connection between two locations. This connection, often called a circuit, may then be leased to a customer referring to that ID. In this way, the circuit ID is similar to a serial number on any product sold from a retailer to a customer.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_ID |
Circuit Scribe is a ball-point pen containing silver conductive ink one can use to draw circuits instantly on flexible substrates like paper. Circuit Scribe made its way onto Kickstarter (an online site where people can fund projects) on November 19, 2013, with its goal of raising $85,000 for the manufacturing of the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Scribe |
A circuit breaker analyzer is an instrument that measures the parameters of a circuit breaker . [ 1 ]
In 1984, Megger patented a digital circuit breaker analyzer, controlled by a microprocessor . in 2020 few companies develop software to control circuit breaker analyzers from different devices such as computers, table... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker_analyzer |
The electric circuit extraction or simply circuit extraction , also netlist extraction , is the translation of an integrated circuit layout back into the electrical circuit ( netlist ) it is intended to represent. This extracted circuit is needed for various purposes including circuit simulation , static timing analysi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_extraction |
Circuit reliability (also time availability ) ( CiR ) is the percentage of time an electronic circuit was available for use in a specified period of scheduled availability . Circuit reliability is given by
where T o {\displaystyle T_{o}} is the circuit total outage time, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_reliability |
The circuit topology of a folded linear polymer refers to the arrangement of its intra-molecular contacts. Examples of linear polymers with intra-molecular contacts are nucleic acids and proteins . Proteins fold via the formation of contacts of various natures, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and beta-beta i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_topology |
Circuit total limitation ( CTL ) is one of the present-day standards for electrical panels sold in the United States according to the National Electrical Code . This standard requires an electrical panel to provide a physical mechanism to prevent installing more circuit breakers than it was designed for. This has gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_total_limitation |
Circuits over natural numbers are a mathematical model used in studying computational complexity theory . They are a special case of circuits . The object is a labeled directed acyclic graph the nodes of which evaluate to sets of natural numbers, the leaves are finite sets, and the gates are set operations or arithmeti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuits_over_sets_of_natural_numbers |
Circular consensus sequencing (CCS) is a DNA sequencing method that is used in conjunction with single-molecule real-time sequencing to yield highly accurate long-read sequencing datasets with read lengths averaging 15–25 kb with median accuracy greater than 99.9%. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These long reads, which are created via th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_consensus_sequencing |
A circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term (s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic , lexicographic and linguistic . Circular de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_definition |
Circular dichroism ( CD ) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_dichroism |
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry . The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
The word "loom" derives from the Old English ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_loom |
In physics , circular motion is movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular arc . It can be uniform, with a constant rate of rotation and constant tangential speed , or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_motion |
In projective geometry , the circular points at infinity (also called cyclic points or isotropic points ) are two special points at infinity in the complex projective plane that are contained in the complexification of every real circle .
A point of the complex projective plane may be described in terms of homogeneous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_points_at_infinity |
In electrodynamics , circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
In electrodynamics, the strength and direction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization |
Circular reasoning ( Latin : circulus in probando , "circle in proving"; [ 1 ] also known as circular logic ) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. [ 2 ] Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reasoning |
Circular reporting , or false confirmation , is a situation in source criticism where a piece of information appears to come from multiple independent sources, but in reality comes from only one source. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In many cases, the problem happens mistakenly through sloppy reporting or intelligence-gathering. However... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reporting |
In combinatorial mathematics , a circular shift is the operation of rearranging the entries in a tuple , either by moving the final entry to the first position, while shifting all other entries to the next position, or by performing the inverse operation. A circular shift is a special kind of cyclic permutation , which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_shift |
In geometry , circular symmetry is a type of continuous symmetry for a planar object that can be rotated by any arbitrary angle and map onto itself.
Rotational circular symmetry is isomorphic with the circle group in the complex plane , or the special orthogonal group SO(2), and unitary group U(1). Reflective circular... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_symmetry |
The circulating fluidized bed ( CFB ) is a type of fluidized bed combustion that utilizes a recirculating loop for even greater efficiency of combustion. [ 1 ] while achieving lower emission of pollutants . Reports suggest that up to 95% of pollutants [ 2 ] can be absorbed before being emitted into the atmosphere. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_fluidized_bed |
Circulating cell-free RNA or cfRNA refers to freely-circulating ribonucleic acid molecules in various biological fluids such as blood (both plasma and serum ), urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva , and pleural fluid . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These extracellular RNA molecules are distinct from the intracellular RNA that perfor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_free_RNA |
Circulating mitochondrial DNA , also called cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf mtDNA) , are short sections of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that are released by cells undergoing stress or other damaging or pathological events. Circulating mitochondrial DNA is recognized... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_mitochondrial_DNA |
A circulating water plant or circulating water system is an arrangement of flow of water in fossil-fuel power stations , chemical plants , and oil refineries . Such a system is required because various industrial process plants uses heat exchangers , and also for active fire protection measures. In chemical plants, for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_water_plant |
In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve embedded in the field. In fluid dynamics , the field is the fluid velocity field . In electrodynamics , it can be the electric or the magnetic field.
In aerodynamics , it finds applications in the calculation of lift , for which circu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_(physics) |
Circulation evaporators are a type of evaporating unit designed to separate mixtures unable to be evaporated by a conventional evaporating unit. Circulation evaporation incorporates the use of both heat exchangers and flash separation units in conjunction with circulation of the solvent in order to remove liquid mixtur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_evaporator |
The circulation problem and its variants are a generalisation of network flow problems, with the added constraint of a lower bound on edge flows, and with flow conservation also being required for the source and sink (i.e. there are no special nodes). In variants of the problem, there are multiple commodities flowing t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_problem |
In geometry , the circumference (from Latin circumferēns ' carrying around, circling ' ) is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse . The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment . [ 1 ] More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference |
A circumpolar star is a star that, as viewed from a given latitude on Earth, never sets below the horizon due to its apparent proximity to one of the celestial poles . Circumpolar stars are therefore visible from said location toward the nearest pole for the entire night on every night of the year (and would be continu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar_constellation |
A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes ; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar_distribution |
A circumpolar star is a star that, as viewed from a given latitude on Earth, never sets below the horizon due to its apparent proximity to one of the celestial poles . Circumpolar stars are therefore visible from said location toward the nearest pole for the entire night on every night of the year (and would be continu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar_star |
In biological taxonomy , circumscription is the content of a taxon , that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. For example, if we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscription_(taxonomy) |
In biological classification , circumscriptional names ( Latin : nomina circumscribentia ) are taxon names that are defined by their circumscription ; i.e. the diagnostic feature of the particular set of members included. Such names are not ruled by any nomenclature code and are mainly for taxa above the rank of family... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscriptional_name |
A circumtriple planet is a celestial mass that is hypothesized to be orbiting not only a single star but three stars at the same time. [ 1 ] Scientists observing the star system GW Ori , which is a huge disk of dust and gases about 1,300 light years away from Earth, suspect that there may be a circumtriple planet orbit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumtriple_planet |
Cirquent calculus is a proof calculus that manipulates graph -style constructs termed cirquents , as opposed to the traditional tree -style objects such as formulas or sequents . Cirquents come in a variety of forms, but they all share one main characteristic feature, making them different from the more traditional obj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirquent_calculus |
The Cirrus Airframe Parachute System ( CAPS ) is a whole-plane ballistic parachute recovery system designed specifically for Cirrus Aircraft 's line of general aviation light aircraft including the SR20 , SR22 and SF50 . The design became the first of its kind to become certified with the FAA , achieving certification ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_Airframe_Parachute_System |
Cirrus cloud thinning (CCT) is a proposed method of climate engineering . Cirrus clouds are high cold ice that, like other clouds , both reflect sunlight and absorb warming infrared radiation . However, they differ from other types of clouds in that, on average, infrared absorption outweighs sunlight reflection, result... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_cloud_thinning |
Cis-action or cis-acting is a vague term that, in general, means "an action on the same" in contrast to trans-action "an action on a different". In other words, the initiator of the action is affected by it. Cis-actions occur wherever circular dependencies are present. Most notably in: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-action |
Cis -regulatory elements ( CREs ) or cis -regulatory modules ( CRMs ) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes . CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks , which in turn control morphogenesis , the development of anatomy , and other aspects of embryonic develop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-regulatory_module |
cis is a mathematical notation defined by cis x = cos x + i sin x , [ nb 1 ] where cos is the cosine function, i is the imaginary unit and sin is the sine function. x is the argument of the complex number (angle between line to point and x-axis in polar form ). The notation is less commonly used in mathematics than Eul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis_(mathematics) |
In inorganic chemistry , the cis effect is defined as the labilization (or destabilization) of CO ligands that are cis to other ligands. CO is a well-known strong pi -accepting ligand in organometallic chemistry that will labilize in the cis position when adjacent to ligands due to steric and electronic effects . The s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis_effect |
The Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) [ 1 ] certification was the first stage of Cisco's certification system. The certification was retired on 24 February 2020. [ 2 ] The CCENT certification was an interim step to Associate level or directly with CCNA and CCDA certifications . While the CCENT covered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Certified_Entry_Networking_Technician |
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