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Contact guidance refers to a phenomenon for which the orientation of cells and stress fibers is influenced by geometrical patterns such as nano/microgrooves on substrates, or collagen fibers in gels and soft tissues . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This phenomenon was discovered in 1912, [ 4 ] and the terminology was introduced in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_guidance |
Contact immunity is the property of some vaccines , where a vaccinated individual can confer immunity upon unimmunized individuals through contact with bodily fluids or excrement. In other words, if person "A" has been vaccinated for virus X and person "B" has not, person "B" can receive immunity to virus X just by co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_immunity |
In cell biology , contact inhibition refers to two different but closely related phenomena: contact inhibition of locomotion ( CIL ) and contact inhibition of proliferation ( CIP ). CIL refers to the avoidance behavior exhibited by fibroblast -like cells when in contact with one another. [ 1 ] In most cases, when two c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_inhibition |
A contact list is a collection of screen names . [ 1 ] It is a commonplace feature of instant messaging , Email clients , online games and mobile phones . [ 1 ] It has various trademarked and proprietary names in different contexts. [ 1 ]
Contacts lists' windows show screen names that represent actual other people. [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_list |
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A central distinction in contact mechanics is between stresses acting perpendicular to the contacting bodies' surfaces (known as normal stress ) and frictional stresses acting tangentially between the su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_mechanics |
The contact order of a protein is a measure of the locality of the inter- amino acid contacts in the protein's native state tertiary structure . [ 1 ] It is calculated as the average sequence distance between residues that form native contacts in the folded protein divided by the total length of the protein. Higher con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_order |
Contact pads or bond pads are small, conductive surface areas of a printed circuit board (PCB) or die of an integrated circuit . They are often made of gold, copper, or aluminum and measure mere micrometres wide. Pads are positioned on the edges of die, to facilitate connections without shorting. Contact pads exist to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_pad |
The contact process is a method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. Platinum was originally used as the catalyst for this reaction; however, because it is susceptible to reacting with arsenic impurities in the sulfur feedstock, vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5 ) has since be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_process |
A Contact Region is a concept in robotics which describes the region between an object and a robot ’s end effector . This is used in object manipulation planning, and with the addition of sensors built into the manipulation system, can be used to produce a surface map or contact model of the object being grasped. [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_region |
Electrical contact resistance ( ECR , or simply contact resistance ) is resistance to the flow of electric current caused by incomplete contact of the surfaces through which the current is flowing, and by films or oxide layers on the contacting surfaces. It occurs at electrical connections such as switches, connectors,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_resistance |
The contagion heuristic is a psychological heuristic which follows the law of contagion and the law of similarity , leading people to avoid contact with people or objects viewed as "contaminated" by previous contact with someone or something viewed as bad—or, less often, to seek contact with objects that have been in c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contagion_heuristic |
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites , bacteria , fungi , and viruses . While many types of organisms live on the human body and ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contagious_disease |
Contagium vivum fluidum (Latin: "contagious living fluid") was a phrase first used to describe a virus , and underlined its ability to slip through the finest ceramic filters then available, giving it almost liquid properties. Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), a Dutch microbiologist and botanist, first used the term whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contagium_vivum_fluidum |
A container format (informally, sometimes called a wrapper ) or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file , usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams. [ 1 ] Notable examples of container formats include archive files (such as the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_format |
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) is a term used by water quality professionals to describe pollutants that have been detected in environmental monitoring samples, that may cause ecological or human health impacts, and typically are not regulated under current environmental laws. Sources of these pollutants includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminants_of_emerging_concern |
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity , or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for the physical body , natural environment , workplace , etc. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination |
The Contamination Indicator Decontamination Assurance System (CIDAS) is a technology used to identify chemical contamination . CIDAS is meant to help soldiers by detecting trace levels and finding the exact location of chemical weapon agents. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
CIDAS is a component of a larger U.S. government initiative, run... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination_Indicator_Decontamination_Assurance_System |
Contamination control is the generic term for all activities aiming to control the existence, growth and proliferation of contamination in certain areas. Contamination control may refer to the atmosphere as well as to surfaces, to particulate matter as well as to microbes and to contamination prevention as well as to d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination_control |
This is a list of scientific journals published by the Royal Society of Chemistry . [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_Organic_Synthesis |
A content delivery network or content distribution network ( CDN ) is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers . The goal is to provide high availability and performance ("speed") by distributing the service spatially relative to end users . CDNs came into existence in the late 1990s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network |
A content management system ( CMS ) is computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content ( content management ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A CMS is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system |
Content sniffing , also known as media type sniffing or MIME sniffing , is the practice of inspecting the content of a byte stream to attempt to deduce the file format of the data within it. Content sniffing is generally used to compensate for a lack of accurate metadata that would otherwise be required to enable the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_sniffing |
A contention-based protocol (CBP) is a communications protocol for operating wireless telecommunication equipment that allows many users to use the same radio channel without pre-coordination. The "listen before talk" operating procedure in IEEE 802.11 is the most well known contention-based protocol.
Section 90.7 of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contention-based_protocol |
Contention-free pollable ( CF-Pollable ) is a state of operation for wireless networking nodes. The condition is saying that the node is able to use the Point Coordination Function , as opposed to the Distributed Coordination Function , within a wireless LAN.
A device that is able to use point coordination function is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contention_free_pollable |
Contention or contentious may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contention_systems |
In ecology , contest competition refers to a situation where available resources, such as food and mates, are utilized only by one or a few individuals, thus preventing development or reproduction of other individuals. It refers to a hypothetical situation in which several individuals stage a contest for which one even... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_competition |
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding ( CABAC ) is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It is a lossless compression technique, although the video coding standards in which it is used are typically for lossy compression applications. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-adaptive_binary_arithmetic_coding |
Context-aware services is a computing technology which incorporates information about the current location of a mobile user to provide more relevant services to the user. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] An example of a context-aware service could be a real-time traffic update or even a live video feed of a planned route for a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-aware_services |
Context MBA was the first integrated software application for personal computers, providing five functions in one program: spreadsheet , database , charting , word processing , and communication software . [ 1 ] It was first released in 1981 by Context Management Systems for the Apple III computer, [ 2 ] but was later ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_MBA |
Context mixing is a type of data compression algorithm in which the next- symbol predictions of two or more statistical models are combined to yield a prediction that is often more accurate than any of the individual predictions. For example, one simple method (not necessarily the best) is to average the probabilities... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_mixing |
The context tree weighting method ( CTW ) is a lossless compression and prediction algorithm by Willems, Shtarkov & Tjalkens 1995 . The CTW algorithm is among the very few such algorithms that offer both theoretical guarantees and good practical performance (see, e.g. Begleiter, El-Yaniv & Yona 2004 ).
The CTW algorith... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_tree_weighting |
Contextual design ( CD ) is a user-centered design process developed by Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt . It incorporates ethnographic methods for gathering data relevant to the product via field studies, rationalizing workflows , and designing human–computer interfaces . In practice, this means that researchers aggreg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contextual_design |
In computer science , contextualization is the process of identifying the data relevant to an entity (e.g., a person or a city) based on the entity's contextual information. [ 1 ]
Context or contextual information is any information about any entity that can be used to effectively reduce the amount of reasoning requir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contextualization_(computer_science) |
A contig (from contiguous ) is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA . [ 1 ]
In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data ( reads ); [ 2 ] in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contig |
A contig (from contiguous ) is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA . [ 1 ]
In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data ( reads ); [ 2 ] in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contigs |
The continent of stability is a hypothesised large group of nuclides with masses greater than 300 daltons that is stable against radioactive decay, consisting of freely flowing up quarks and down quarks rather than up and down quarks bound into protons and neutrons. Matter containing these nuclides is termed up-down qu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continent_of_stability |
The Continental Biogeographic Region is a biogeographic region of Europe that extends in a broad band from east to west through the center of the continent.
The Continental Region extends from central France to the Ural Mountains .
The southern part of this region is almost completely separated from the larger norther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Biogeographic_Region |
In oceanic biogeochemistry , the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves , acting as a mechanism to transport carbon (as either dissolved or particulate material) from surface waters to the interior of the adjacent deep ocean. [ 1 ]
Originally formulated by Tsunog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf_pump |
In evolutionary biology , contingency describes how the outcome of evolution may be affected by the history of a particular lineage. [ 1 ]
Evolution is a historical process, and the outcomes of history can be sensitive to the details of the interactions and events that preceded them. Contingency was especially emphasi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_(evolutionary_biology) |
In game theory , a contingent cooperator is a person or agent who is willing to act in the collective interest, rather than his short-term selfish interest, if he observes a majority of the other agents in the collective doing the same. The apparent contradiction in this stance is resolved by game theory , which shows ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingent_cooperator |
A continual improvement process , also often called a continuous improvement process (abbreviated as CIP or CI ), is an ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes. [ 1 ] These efforts can seek " incremental " improvement over time or "breakthrough" improvement all at once. [ 2 ] Delivery (customer value... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continual_improvement_process |
In algebra , the continuant is a multivariate polynomial representing the determinant of a tridiagonal matrix and having applications in continued fractions .
The n -th continuant K n ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle K_{n}(x_{1},\;x_{2},\;\ldots ,\;x_{n})} is defined recursively by
A generalized definition take... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuant_(mathematics) |
In mathematics, the terms continuity , continuous , and continuum are used in a variety of related ways. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_(mathematics) |
A continuity equation or transport equation is an equation that describes the transport of some quantity. It is particularly simple and powerful when applied to a conserved quantity , but it can be generalized to apply to any extensive quantity . Since mass , energy , momentum , electric charge and other natural quanti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation |
The continuity theory of normal aging states that older adults will usually maintain the same activities, behaviors , relationships as they did in their earlier years of life. [ 1 ] According to this theory , older adults try to maintain this continuity of lifestyle by adapting strategies that are connected to their pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_theory |
Continuous-scan laser Doppler vibrometry ( CSLDV ) is a method of using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) in which the laser beam is swept across the surface of a test subject to capture the motion of a surface at many points simultaneously. This is different from scanning laser vibrometry (SLDV) in which the laser bea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-scan_laser_Doppler_vibrometry |
In computational solid state physics , Continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo ( CT-QMC ) is a family of stochastic algorithms for solving the Anderson impurity model at finite temperature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] These methods first expand the full partition function as a series of Feynman diagrams , employ Wick's t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-time_quantum_Monte_Carlo |
The Continuous Plankton Recorder ( CPR ) Survey is one of the longest running marine biological monitoring programmes in the world. Started in 1931 by Sir Alister Hardy and Sir Cyril Lucas , [ 1 ] the Survey provides marine scientists and policy-makers with measures of plankton communities, coupled with ocean physical,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Plankton_Recorder |
Electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon adsorbents such as granular activated carbon present an alternative to thermal regeneration or land filling at the end of useful adsorbent life. Continuous adsorption-electrochemical regeneration encompasses the adsorption and regeneration steps, typically separated in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_adsorption-regeneration |
Continuous availability is an approach to computer system and application design that protects users against downtime, whatever the cause and ensures that users remain connected to their documents, data files and business applications. Continuous availability describes the information technology methods to ensure busin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_availability |
Continuous configuration automation ( CCA ) is the methodology or process of automating the deployment and configuration of settings and software for both physical and virtual data center equipment. [ 1 ]
Continuous configuration automation is marketed for data center and application configuration management . CCA too... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_configuration_automation |
A continuous cooling transformation ( CCT ) phase diagram is often used when heat treating steel. [ 1 ] These diagrams are used to represent which types of phase changes will occur in a material as it is cooled at different rates. These diagrams are often more useful than time-temperature-transformation diagrams becaus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_cooling_transformation |
Continuous distillation , a form of distillation , is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams. Distillation is the separation or partial separation of a liquid feed mixture into components or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_distillation |
Continuous emission monitoring systems ( CEMS ) are used as a tool to monitor the effluent gas streams resulting from combustion in industrial processes. CEMS can measure flue gas for oxygen , carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to provide information for combustion control in industrial settings. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_emissions_monitoring_system |
A continuous filament winding machine ( CFW Machine / CW Machine) is a machine for laying filament windings continuously over a cylindrical steel band. The steel band is carried on a forward moving mandrel which is able to collapse and return to the beginning of the travel. The steel band is released after the mandre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_filament_winding_machine |
Continuous foam separation is a chemical process closely related to foam fractionation in which foam is used to separate components of a solution when they differ in surface activity. In any solution, surface active components tend to adsorb to gas-liquid interfaces while surface inactive components stay within the bul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_foam_separation |
In mathematics , a continuous function is a function such that a small variation of the argument induces a small variation of the value of the function. This implies there are no abrupt changes in value, known as discontinuities . More precisely, a function is continuous if arbitrarily small changes in its value can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_function |
In probability theory , the continuous mapping theorem states that continuous functions preserve limits even if their arguments are sequences of random variables. A continuous function, in Heine's definition , is such a function that maps convergent sequences into convergent sequences: if x n → x then g ( x n ) → g ( x... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_mapping_theorem |
Continuous modelling is the mathematical practice of applying a model to continuous data (data which has a potentially infinite number, and divisibility, of attributes). They often use differential equations [ 1 ] and are converse to discrete modelling .
Modelling is generally broken down into several steps:
This app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_modelling |
Continuous monitoring and adaptive control ( CMAC ) is a category of stormwater best management practice that allows for a wider range of operation of detention and retention ponds. CMAC systems typically consist of a water level sensor , an actuated valve , and an internet connection. [ 1 ]
Specific applications of C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_monitoring_and_adaptive_control_(stormwater_management) |
Continuous obsolescence or perpetual revolution is a phenomenon where industry trends, or other items that do not immediately correspond to technical needs, mandate a continual readaptation of a system. Such work does not increase the usefulness of the system, but is required for the system to continue fulfilling its f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_obsolescence |
In telecommunications , continuous operation is an operation in which certain components, such as nodes, facilities , circuits , or equipment, are in an operational state at all times. Continuous operation usually requires that there be fully redundant configuration, or at least a sufficient X out of Y degree of redund... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_operation |
In mathematics and statistics , a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete . If it can take on two real values and all the values between them, the variable is continuous in that interval . [ 1 ] If it can take on a value such that there is a non- infinitesimal gap on each side of it containing no values tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_or_discrete_variable |
Continuous phase modulation ( CPM ) is a method for modulation of data commonly used in wireless modems . In contrast to other coherent digital phase modulation techniques where the carrier phase
abruptly resets to zero at the start of every symbol (e.g. M- PSK ), with CPM the carrier phase is modulated in a continuous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_phase_modulation |
In order theory , a continuous poset is a partially ordered set in which every element is the directed supremum of elements approximating it.
Let a , b ∈ P {\displaystyle a,b\in P} be two elements of a preordered set ( P , ≲ ) {\displaystyle (P,\lesssim )} . Then we say that a {\displaystyle a} approximates b {\displa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_poset |
Continuous predicate is a term coined by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) to describe a special type of relational predicate that results as the limit of a recursive process of hypostatic abstraction .
Here is one of Peirce's definitive discussions of the concept:
When we have analyzed a proposition so as to throw ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_predicate |
Continuous reactors (alternatively referred to as flow reactors ) carry chemical materials as a flowing stream. Reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and emerge as continuous stream of product. Continuous reactors are used for a wide variety of chemical and biological processes within the food , chemical and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_reactor |
The CSDA range is a very close approximation to the average distance traveled by a charged particle as it slows down to rest, calculated in the continuous-slowing-down approximation. In this approximation, the rate of energy loss at every point along the track is assumed to be equal to the same as the total stopping po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_slowing_down_approximation_range |
The continuous stirred-tank reactor ( CSTR ), also known as vat- or backmix reactor , mixed flow reactor ( MFR ), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor ( CFSTR ), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering . A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_stirred-tank_reactor |
In mathematics , continuous symmetry is an intuitive idea corresponding to the concept of viewing some symmetries as motions , as opposed to discrete symmetry , e.g. reflection symmetry , which is invariant under a kind of flip from one state to another. However, a discrete symmetry can always be reinterpreted as a sub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_symmetry |
Continuous track or tracked treads are a system of vehicle propulsion used in tracked vehicles , running on a continuous band of treads or track plates driven by two or more wheels. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, ena... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_track |
Return rate is a corporate finance and accounting tool which calculates the gain and loss of investment over a certain period of time.
Let P t be the price of a security at time t , including any cash dividends or interest , and let P t − 1 be its price at t − 1. Let RS t be the simple rate of return on the security ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuously_compounded_nominal_and_real_returns |
Continuum ( pl. : continua or continuums ) theories or models explain variation as involving gradual quantitative transitions without abrupt changes or discontinuities. In contrast, categorical theories or models explain variation using qualitatively different states. [ 1 ]
In physics, for example, the space-time cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_(measurement) |
In the mathematical field of set theory , the continuum means the real numbers , or the corresponding (infinite) cardinal number , denoted by c {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}} . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Georg Cantor proved that the cardinality c {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}} is larger than the smallest infinity, namely, ℵ 0 {\dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_(set_theory) |
Continuum mechanics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the deformation of and transmission of forces through materials modeled as a continuous medium (also called a continuum ) rather than as discrete particles .
Continuum mechanics deals with deformable bodies , as opposed to rigid bodies .
A continuum model a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_mechanics |
The contorsion tensor in differential geometry is the difference between a connection with and without torsion in it. It commonly appears in the study of spin connections . Thus, for example, a vielbein together with a spin connection, when subject to the condition of vanishing torsion, gives a description of Einstein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contorsion_tensor |
Contortae as a term has appeared in several senses in botanical taxonomy , most conspicuously as follows:
Order Contortae is no longer recognised in botanical taxonomy . After a varied history in the nineteenth century, predominant opinion on the Contortae assigned several families to the order in the mid twentieth ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contortae |
In mathematics , the Contou-Carrère symbol 〈 a , b 〉 is a Steinberg symbol defined on pairs of invertible elements of the ring of Laurent power series over an Artinian ring k , taking values in the group of units of k . It was introduced by Contou-Carrère (1994) .
If k is an Artinian local ring, then any invertible fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contou-Carrère_symbol |
Contour advection is a Lagrangian method of simulating the evolution of one or more contours or isolines of
a tracer as it is stirred by a moving fluid.
Consider a blob of dye injected into a river or stream: to first order it could be modelled by tracking only the motion of its outlines.
It is an excellent method for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_advection |
Contour crafting is a building printing technology being researched by Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California 's Information Sciences Institute (in the Viterbi School of Engineering ) that uses a computer-controlled crane or gantry to build edifices rapidly and efficiently with substantially less m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_crafting |
Contour length is a term used in molecular physics . The contour length of a polymer chain (a big molecule consisting of many similar smaller molecules ) is its length at maximum physically possible extension . [ 1 ]
Contour length is equal to the product of the number of segments of polymer molecule(n) and its length... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_length |
In mathematics , contour sets generalize and formalize the everyday notions of
Given a relation on pairs of elements of set X {\displaystyle X}
and an element x {\displaystyle x} of X {\displaystyle X}
The upper contour set of x {\displaystyle x} is the set of all y {\displaystyle y} that are related to x {\displays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_set |
Contra-rotating propellers have benefits when providing thrust in marine applications.
Contra-rotating propellers are used on torpedoes due to the natural torque compensation and are also used in some motor boats. The cost of boring out the outer shafts and problems of mounting the inner shaft bearings are not worth p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra-rotating_marine_propellers |
Contra principia negantem non est disputandum ( Latin , alternatively Contra principia negantem disputari non potest and Contra principia negantem disputari nequit ; literally, "Against one who denies the principles, there can be no debate") is a principle of logic and law : in order to debate reasonably about a disagr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_principia_negantem_non_est_disputandum |
In the life sciences , a contract research organization ( CRO ) is a company that provides support to the pharmaceutical , biotechnology , and medical device industries in the form of research services outsourced on a contract basis. A CRO may provide such services as biopharmaceutical development, biological assay de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_research_organization |
From a legal point of view, a contract is an institutional arrangement for the way in which resources flow, which defines the various relationships between the parties to a transaction or limits the rights and obligations of the parties.
From an economic perspective, contract theory studies how economic actors can and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_theory |
In general relativity and tensor calculus , the contracted Bianchi identities are: [ 1 ]
where R ρ μ {\displaystyle {R^{\rho }}_{\mu }} is the Ricci tensor , R {\displaystyle R} the scalar curvature , and ∇ ρ {\displaystyle \nabla _{\rho }} indicates covariant differentiation .
These identities are named after Luigi ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracted_Bianchi_identities |
In mathematics , a topological space X is contractible if the identity map on X is null-homotopic, i.e. if it is homotopic to some constant map . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Intuitively, a contractible space is one that can be continuously shrunk to a point within that space.
A contractible space is precisely one with the homotopy ty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractible_space |
Contraction band necrosis is a type of uncontrolled cell death ( necrosis ) unique to cardiac myocytes and thought to arise in reperfusion from hypercontraction, which results in sarcolemmal rupture. [ 1 ]
It is a characteristic histologic finding of a recent myocardial infarction (heart attack) that was partially rep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_band_necrosis |
In mathematics — specifically, in large deviations theory — the contraction principle is a theorem that states how a large deviation principle on one space "pushes forward" (via the pushforward of a probability measure) to a large deviation principle on another space via a continuous function .
Let X and Y be Hausdorf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_principle_(large_deviations_theory) |
Contractor rating systems , also known as contractor prequalifications, are one of the larger cost-saving practices available and more routinely applied by governmental organizations as a means of avoiding the high cost and inflated pricing that results from reduced competition on public work by using bonding and suret... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractor_ratings |
A number of Latin terms are used in legal terminology and legal maxims . This is a partial list of these terms, which are wholly or substantially drawn from Latin, or anglicized Law Latin .
In contract law, and in particular the requirement for consideration, if no fixed price is agreed upon for the service and/or mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradictio_in_adjecto |
The contralateral organization of the forebrain ( Latin : contra‚ against; latus‚ side; lateral‚ sided) is the property that the hemispheres of the cerebrum and the thalamus represent mainly the contralateral side of the body. Consequently, the left side of the forebrain mostly represents the right side of the body, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contralateral_brain |
In logic and mathematics , contraposition , or transposition , refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent contrapositive , and an associated proof method known as § Proof by contrapositive . The contrapositive of a statement has its antecedent and consequent negated and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition |
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) is the application of ultrasound contrast medium to traditional medical sonography . Ultrasound contrast agents rely on the different ways in which sound waves are reflected from interfaces between substances. This may be the surface of a small air bubble or a more complex structur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast-enhanced_ultrasound |
The contrast ratio ( CR ) is a property of a display system, defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest shade (white) to that of the darkest shade (black) that the system is capable of producing. A high contrast ratio is a desired aspect of any display. It has similarities with dynamic range .
There is no ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_ratio |
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that occur via mechanisms such as DNA methylation , histone acetylation , and microRNA modification. When these epigenetic changes are heritable , they can influence evolution . Current research indicates that epigenetics has played a role in the evolution of a num... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contribution_of_epigenetic_modifications_to_evolution |
The Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points ( CAPWAP ) protocol is a standard, interoperable networking protocol that enables a central wireless LAN controller to manage a collection of Wireless Termination Points (WTPs) , more commonly known as wireless access points . The protocol specification is describe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_and_Provisioning_of_Wireless_Access_Points_protocol |
In biochemistry , control coefficients [ 1 ] are used to describe how much influence a given reaction step has on the flux or concentration of the species at steady state . This can be accomplished experimentally by changing the expression level of a given enzyme and measuring the resulting changes in flux and metaboli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_coefficient_(biochemistry) |
In telecommunications , control communications is the branch of technology devoted to the design, development, and application of communications facilities used specifically for control purposes, such as for controlling (a) industrial processes, (b) movement of resources, (c) electric power generation, distribution, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_communications |
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