Datasets:

hanangani
/

Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset

pretty_name: Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems
language:
  - en
  - zh
license: other
license_name: mixed-cc-by-4.0-mit-apache-2.0
task_categories:
  - text-generation
  - question-answering
  - visual-question-answering
tags:
  - theory-of-mind
  - multi-agent
  - mental-modeling
  - social-reasoning
  - role-playing
configs:
  - config_name: sotopia-turn-rewards
    default: true
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sotopia/sotopia_turn_rewards_v3.jsonl
  - config_name: sotopia-mental-personas
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sotopia/mental_model_persona_dataset.jsonl
  - config_name: bigtom
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/bigtom/bigtom_qwen_5k_annotated.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-belief
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/belief_prediction.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/belief_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/belief_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_out
        path: data/mmrole/test_out/belief_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_official
        path: data/mmrole/official_test/belief_prediction.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-preference
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/preference_pairs.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/preference_pairs.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/preference_pairs.jsonl
      - split: test_out
        path: data/mmrole/test_out/preference_pairs.jsonl
      - split: test_official
        path: data/mmrole/official_test/preference_pairs.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-salience
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/salience_prediction.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/salience_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/salience_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_out
        path: data/mmrole/test_out/salience_prediction.jsonl
      - split: test_official
        path: data/mmrole/official_test/salience_prediction.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-probe-qa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/probe_qa.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/probe_qa.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/probe_qa.jsonl
      - split: test_out
        path: data/mmrole/test_out/probe_qa.jsonl
      - split: test_official
        path: data/mmrole/official_test/probe_qa.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-raw-annotations
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/raw_annotated.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/raw_annotated.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/raw_annotated.jsonl
      - split: test_out
        path: data/mmrole/test_out/raw_annotated.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-raw-official
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: data/mmrole/official_test/raw_annotated.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-reward-belief
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl
  - config_name: mmrole-reward-preference
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/mmrole/train/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl
      - split: validation
        path: data/mmrole/val/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl
      - split: test_in
        path: data/mmrole/test_in/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl

Mental Model Annotation Dataset

Dataset for Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems

This is the official annotation release accompanying the NeurIPS 2026 paper Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems.

Paper resources: Project page | Code | Paper and arXiv links will be added upon release.

The paper studies explicit, recursive mental representations for multi-agent decision-making. This dataset contains the mental-state, reward, rationale, and preference supervision used for its SOTOPIA, BigToM, and MMRole experiments. The files augment these established benchmarks; they are not a new replacement for the original benchmark datasets. Independent configurations preserve each benchmark's schema and remain compatible with the Hugging Face Dataset Viewer.

Benchmark	Configuration	Contents
SOTOPIA	`sotopia-turn-rewards`	1,647 interaction episodes with 16,166 turn-level reward records and mental-state supervision
SOTOPIA	`sotopia-mental-personas`	500 mental-model persona examples
BigToM	`bigtom`	9,964 annotated conditions from 4,982 paired scenarios
MMRole	`mmrole-belief`	First- and second-order belief targets
MMRole	`mmrole-preference`	Preferred responses and hard negatives
MMRole	`mmrole-salience`	Visual perspective and salience targets
MMRole	`mmrole-probe-qa`	Theory-of-Mind diagnostic questions
MMRole	`mmrole-raw-annotations`	Full validated mental-state annotations
MMRole	`mmrole-raw-official`	Official test annotations and test metadata
MMRole	`mmrole-reward-belief`	Belief examples with eight-dimensional reward labels
MMRole	`mmrole-reward-preference`	Preference pairs with eight-dimensional reward labels

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

sotopia = load_dataset(
    "hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset",
    "sotopia-turn-rewards",
)
bigtom = load_dataset("hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset", "bigtom")
mmrole = load_dataset("hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset", "mmrole-belief")

Download the original files without schema conversion when using the released training scripts:

hf download hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset \
  --repo-type dataset \
  --local-dir Mental-Models-data

MMRole images

This repository does not duplicate MMRole's 11,032 source images. MMRole rows retain the upstream image and image_local references. Download the images from YanqiDai/MMRole_dataset and follow its instructions for any referenced MS-COCO files.

Validation

All released JSONL records were parsed before upload. MANIFEST.json records the row count, byte size, and SHA-256 checksum of every staged file. Temporary files, failed annotation attempts, smoke tests, model checkpoints, and API credentials are excluded.

Sources and licenses

This is a derived, mixed-source research dataset. See DATA_SOURCES.md for provenance, upstream licenses, and redistribution notes. No additional rights are granted for upstream content.

Citation

@inproceedings{gani2026mentalmodels,
  title     = {Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems},
  author    = {Gani, Hanan and Shao, Lulu and Chandraker, Manmohan},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year      = {2026}
}