| --- |
| pretty_name: Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems |
| language: |
| - en |
| - zh |
| license: other |
| license_name: mixed-cc-by-4.0-mit-apache-2.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| - question-answering |
| - visual-question-answering |
| tags: |
| - theory-of-mind |
| - multi-agent |
| - mental-modeling |
| - social-reasoning |
| - role-playing |
| configs: |
| - config_name: sotopia-turn-rewards |
| default: true |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/sotopia/sotopia_turn_rewards_v3.jsonl |
| - config_name: sotopia-mental-personas |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/sotopia/mental_model_persona_dataset.jsonl |
| - config_name: bigtom |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/bigtom/bigtom_qwen_5k_annotated.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-belief |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/belief_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/belief_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/belief_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_out |
| path: data/mmrole/test_out/belief_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_official |
| path: data/mmrole/official_test/belief_prediction.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-preference |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/preference_pairs.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/preference_pairs.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/preference_pairs.jsonl |
| - split: test_out |
| path: data/mmrole/test_out/preference_pairs.jsonl |
| - split: test_official |
| path: data/mmrole/official_test/preference_pairs.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-salience |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/salience_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/salience_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/salience_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_out |
| path: data/mmrole/test_out/salience_prediction.jsonl |
| - split: test_official |
| path: data/mmrole/official_test/salience_prediction.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-probe-qa |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/probe_qa.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/probe_qa.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/probe_qa.jsonl |
| - split: test_out |
| path: data/mmrole/test_out/probe_qa.jsonl |
| - split: test_official |
| path: data/mmrole/official_test/probe_qa.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-raw-annotations |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/raw_annotated.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/raw_annotated.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/raw_annotated.jsonl |
| - split: test_out |
| path: data/mmrole/test_out/raw_annotated.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-raw-official |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: data/mmrole/official_test/raw_annotated.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-reward-belief |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/belief_prediction_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| - config_name: mmrole-reward-preference |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/mmrole/train/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| - split: validation |
| path: data/mmrole/val/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| - split: test_in |
| path: data/mmrole/test_in/preference_pairs_mmrole_reward_openai.jsonl |
| --- |
| |
| # Mental Model Annotation Dataset |
|
|
| ## Dataset for *Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems* |
|
|
| This is the official annotation release accompanying the NeurIPS 2026 paper |
| ***Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems***. |
|
|
| **Paper resources:** [Project page](https://hananshafi.github.io/Mental-Models/) |
| | [Code](https://github.com/hananshafi/Mental-Models) | Paper and arXiv links |
| will be added upon release. |
|
|
| The paper studies explicit, recursive mental representations for multi-agent |
| decision-making. This dataset contains the mental-state, reward, rationale, and |
| preference supervision used for its SOTOPIA, BigToM, and MMRole experiments. |
| The files augment these established benchmarks; they are not a new replacement |
| for the original benchmark datasets. Independent configurations preserve each |
| benchmark's schema and remain compatible with the Hugging Face Dataset Viewer. |
|
|
| ## Contents |
|
|
| | Benchmark | Configuration | Contents | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | SOTOPIA | `sotopia-turn-rewards` | 1,647 interaction episodes with 16,166 turn-level reward records and mental-state supervision | |
| | SOTOPIA | `sotopia-mental-personas` | 500 mental-model persona examples | |
| | BigToM | `bigtom` | 9,964 annotated conditions from 4,982 paired scenarios | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-belief` | First- and second-order belief targets | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-preference` | Preferred responses and hard negatives | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-salience` | Visual perspective and salience targets | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-probe-qa` | Theory-of-Mind diagnostic questions | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-raw-annotations` | Full validated mental-state annotations | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-raw-official` | Official test annotations and test metadata | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-reward-belief` | Belief examples with eight-dimensional reward labels | |
| | MMRole | `mmrole-reward-preference` | Preference pairs with eight-dimensional reward labels | |
|
|
| ## Loading |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| sotopia = load_dataset( |
| "hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset", |
| "sotopia-turn-rewards", |
| ) |
| bigtom = load_dataset("hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset", "bigtom") |
| mmrole = load_dataset("hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset", "mmrole-belief") |
| ``` |
|
|
| Download the original files without schema conversion when using the released |
| training scripts: |
|
|
| ```bash |
| hf download hanangani/Mental-Model-Annotation-Dataset \ |
| --repo-type dataset \ |
| --local-dir Mental-Models-data |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## MMRole images |
|
|
| This repository does not duplicate MMRole's 11,032 source images. MMRole rows |
| retain the upstream `image` and `image_local` references. Download the images |
| from [`YanqiDai/MMRole_dataset`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YanqiDai/MMRole_dataset) |
| and follow its instructions for any referenced MS-COCO files. |
|
|
| ## Validation |
|
|
| All released JSONL records were parsed before upload. `MANIFEST.json` records |
| the row count, byte size, and SHA-256 checksum of every staged file. Temporary |
| files, failed annotation attempts, smoke tests, model checkpoints, and API |
| credentials are excluded. |
|
|
| ## Sources and licenses |
|
|
| This is a derived, mixed-source research dataset. See |
| [`DATA_SOURCES.md`](DATA_SOURCES.md) for provenance, upstream licenses, and |
| redistribution notes. No additional rights are granted for upstream content. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{gani2026mentalmodels, |
| title = {Mental Models for Multi-Agent Systems}, |
| author = {Gani, Hanan and Shao, Lulu and Chandraker, Manmohan}, |
| booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, |
| year = {2026} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
