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It is also known as '''squamous carcinoma of the lung''' and '''lung squamous carcinoma'''.
'''[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]''' can be abbreviated '''[[SCC]]'''; however, this can be confusing as ''[[small cell carcinoma]]'' is sometimes abbreviated as such.
==General==
*Strong association with [[smoking]].
*May be treated with surgery.
Clinical:
*May be associated with elevated serum calcium.<ref name=pmid1831917>{{Cite journal | last1 = Campbell | first1 = JH. | last2 = Ralston | first2 = S. | last3 = Boyle | first3 = IT. | last4 = Banham | first4 = SW. | title = Symptomatic hypercalcaemia in lung cancer. | journal = Respir Med | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | pa...
*+/-Hemoptysis.
==Gross==
*Lung mass - usually centrally located, i.e. associated with a large airway.
===Image===
<gallery>
Image: Ca_bronchus.jpg | Squamous carcinoma of the lung. (WC)
</gallery>
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Central nucleus.
*Dense appearing cytoplasm, usu. eosinophilic.
*+/-Small nucleolus.
*Intracellular bridges - classic.
Note:
*[[Lymphovascular invasion]] (LVI) is relatively common in small tumours. In one series of NSLC tumours less than 2 cm the prevalence of LVI was 16%.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tao H, Hayashi T, Sano F, ''et al.'' |title=Prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion compared with that of visceral pleural invasion in pat...
**Unlike in [[lung adenocarcinoma]], LVI in lung SCC does ''not'' seem to increase the risk of distant metastases and death.<ref name=pmid22617241>{{cite journal |author=Higgins KA, Chino JP, Ready N, ''et al.'' |title=Lymphovascular invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer: implications for staging and adjuvant therapy ...
DDx:
*Metastatic [[squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung]].
*[[Non-small cell lung carcinoma]] - diagnosis should be avoided if possible.
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]] - for ''basaloid squamous cell carcinoma''.
===Grading===
There is no consensus on how grading of lung SCC should be done; however, a three tiered system is suggested in the CAP protocol,<ref name=cap_protocol_v3400>URL: [http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/cp-lung-16protocol-3400.pdf http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=...
The grading system loosely defined by the CAP protocol (version 3.4.0.0):<ref name=cap_protocol_v3400/>
*Grade 1 (well differentiated) - extensive keratinization.
*Grade 2 (moderately differentiated) - some keratinization.
*Grade 3 (poorly differentiated) - no/little keratinization.
===Images===
<gallery>
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma -- very low mag.jpg | Lung SCC - very low mag. (WC)
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma -- low mag.jpg | Lung SCC - low mag. (WC)
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma -- intermed mag.jpg | Lung SCC - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | Lung SCC - high mag. (WC)
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma - alt -- low mag.jpg | Lung SCC - low mag. (WC)
Image: Lung squamous carcinoma - alt -- intermed mag.jpg | Lung SCC - intermed. mag. (WC)
</gallery>
====Cytology====
<gallery>
Image: Squamous carcinoma lung cytology.gif | Lung SCC - cytology. (WC)
</gallery>
==IHC==
*p40 +ve.<ref name=pmid22056955>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bishop | first1 = JA. | last2 = Teruya-Feldstein | first2 = J. | last3 = Westra | first3 = WH. | last4 = Pelosi | first4 = G. | last5 = Travis | first5 = WD. | last6 = Rekhtman | first6 = N. | title = p40 (ΔNp63) is superior to p63 for the diagnosis of pulmonary...
**p63 +ve -- less specific.
*Calponin -ve.
*CK5/6 +ve.
Others:<ref name=pmid24126803>{{Cite journal | last1 = Montezuma | first1 = D. | last2 = Azevedo | first2 = R. | last3 = Lopes | first3 = P. | last4 = Vieira | first4 = R. | last5 = Cunha | first5 = AL. | last6 = Henrique | first6 = R. | title = A panel of four immunohistochemical markers (CK7, CK20, TTF-1, and p63) a...
*CK7 -ve.
*CK20 -ve.
*TTF-1 -ve.
**Positive in [[adenocarcinoma of the lung]].
===SCC versus adenocarcinoma===
*p40 +ve.
*CK5/6 +ve.
*TTF-1 -ve.
*[[Napsin]] -ve.
===Lung SCC versus metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma===
As per Gruver ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid23106579>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gruver | first1 = AM. | last2 = Amin | first2 = MB. | last3 = Luthringer | first3 = DJ. | last4 = Westfall | first4 = D. | last5 = Arora | first5 = K. | last6 = Farver | first6 = CF. | last7 = Osunkoya | first7 = AO. | last8 = McKenney | first8 =...
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! IHC
! Lung <Br>SCC
! Bladder <br>[[urothelial carcinoma|UCC]]
|-
| CK7
| 33% +ve
| 100% +ve
|-
| CK20
| 7% +ve
| 54% +ve
|-
| GATA-3
| 23% +ve
| 78% +ve
|-
| Desmoglein-3
| 87% +ve
| 11% +ve