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3.24Recording Multiple Additional Items
We have already seen how you can use REAPER to record multiple takes on the same tracks. Later, in Chapter 8,
you will be shown how to organise and edit these, so as to take the best parts from each of several takes and
then patch them together into a s... |
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5.If you need to resize any of them, hover the mouse over the border between the end of the event and the
background, about half way up. Click hold and drag to the left to make it shorter, or to the right to make it
longer, then release the mouse.
6.To select all the
requ... |
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3.29Recording a Track’s Output
There could be any number of reasons why you might wish to record a track's output. One example might be to
record the output from an external synthesizer directly
onto an audio track, as a wave file or similar. Here is an
example of how you might do this:
1.... |
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Procedure for Recording to a new MIDI Track
1.Insert a new track into a project file. Arm this track for recording.
2.Ensure that your MIDI keyboard is connected to the computer, MIDI Input of your sound card or Audio
Device and that it is switched on. In this example, we wil... |
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Note: The example above demonstrates an important difference between MIDI and Audio. With Audio the
actual sounds made by the instrument or voice are recorded. It is possible to use FX like EQ and Compression to
alter how the audio item sounds when played back, but the audio item itself stays... |
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built for you. What exactly this produces will, of course, depend upon which Virtual Instrument you have
selected.
Monitoring an External Synthesizer
If you are working with an external hardware synthesizer then it is likely that at times you may wish to monitor
its output ... |
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you use any of the Record: MIDI overdub/replace options with looped time selection recording . In each
case, new takes will not be created. Instead, the existing take will be edited. For example:
Record: MIDI Overdub : with each loop, the new material will be added to the existing material wit... |
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3.37Preference Settings for Recording
The Recording page of Options, Preferences determines REAPER’s recording behavior, including:
To scroll track view while recording.
To display a preview of media item peaks as they are being recorded. This confirms that you really are ... |
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3.38Track Preferences for Recording
The REAPER Track Defaults settings includes a number of items that you can use to help make the recording
process a little easier. These settings can be found on the Project, Track/Send Defaults page of the
Options, Preferences window. Settings on this pag... |
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3.40REAPER Audio Recording Checklist
The following checklist is for guidance only. In some cases you may vary the suggested order (e.g., you can
switch on your PC and start REAPER before getting together your microphone and leads). In other cases the
order is critical (e.g. ... |
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3.42Recording an Internet Audio Stream
You can use REAPER to record an audio stream from the internet . Before doing so you should make sure that
you are not in breach of any copyright restrictions. The exact method will depend on your hardware setup,
including your sound card. Your sound car... |
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One solution could be to convert the files to a compressed format and send her those. There's a quick way to do
this, using the File, Save project as … command. Choose this command and follow these steps.
1.If you wish, navigate to a required parent folder.
2.Enable the thre... |
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4Managing Media: The Media Explorer
4.1Introduction and Overview
The Media Explorer (shown below) is opened using the View, Media Explorer command, or the shortcut Ctrl
Alt X. Its interface is shown in the diagram below. Like many other windows, the Media Explorer is dockable. To
d... |
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4.2Media Explorer Basics
Although in some respects similar to Windows Explorer, REAPER's Media Explorer incorporates extra features to
make searching more flexible and with more options – e.g. you can create your own folders and databases.
The media explorer can be used to m... |
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In order to do this … Do this ….
Fav / Mark (toggle)Double click in either of these columns to label a file as Fav or Mark.
Restrict file
information display
optionsThe Show menu toggles on or off what file information is displayed:
All files (otherwise only media files such as .wa... |
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4.4Working With Metadata
Metadata is information about your audio or midi files that can be embedded within the files. Categories of
metadata recognised by REAPER’s media explorer are Title, Artist, Album, Date, Genre, Comment, Description,
BPM and Key, as well as Custom Tag... |
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In order to do this … Do this ….
Add folder (directory) with
contents to databaseEITHER … Select database in Shortcuts column. Right-click over its name
and choose Add path to database … from menu. Navigate to required
folder, select it and click on OK. Repeat this to add more fold... |
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In order to do this … Do this ….
Select a file to audition Recommended: make sure Always show waveform peaks for selected
media on the Options menu is enabled.
Click on file in media explorer main panel, or use the up and down arrow keys
on your computer keyboard to move th... |
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In order to do this … Do this ….
Pitch and rate options Right click on either the pitch or the rate control knob for a context menu of
options:
Preserve pitch when tempo-matching or changing play-rate (toggle)
Reset pitch and rate when changing media (toggle)
Pitch shift knob behav... |
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Example 2 - Insert in selected media items (Replace media source)
We wish to use a hat as one track on
our song, and have inserted a series of
empty media items to mark where we
want the hat to go.
We select all the media items, choose a
sample, and with tempo match on... |
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Example 7– Insert part of a media item into a project
1.Select the required portion of the waveform in
the preview window.
2.Right click over the selected portion and
choose one of the items from the context
menu.
3.The item can be loop enabled or disabled. It
can be inserted ... |
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4.8Import Media File Types
Media files of any of the following types can be imported into REAPER in any of the following formats.
CD Audio (.CDA)
DDP (.DAT)
FLAC (.FLAC)
MIDI (.MID)
MIDI System Exclusive Message
(.SYX)
MIDI Karaoke (.KAR)MPEG Audio (,MP2, .MP3)
OGG Vorbis (.O... |
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Type 0 MIDI
When you import the type 0 MIDI file into your project, you are not prompted with the question about expanding
MIDI tracks: the file by definition contains only one track, and so the question would be irrelevant. Instead, you
are straight away asked whether you wish to ... |
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For a bound printed hard copy of this User Guide go to LULU.com
90 |
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5Project Arrangement Basics
5.1Managing Tracks
In Section 2, we introduced basic REAPER track
management features, such as Volume, Panning, Mute
and Solo. This section will explore these features in
more depth and introduce others, e.g. moving and
removing tracks,’ track folders and t... |
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5.2Track Control Modifiers
Four of the items used when auditioning tracks are the Volume, Pan, Mute and Solo controls. These controls
were introduced in Chapter 2. As well as pan, a Width control will be shown shown if you select the stereo pan
or dual pan law (from the p... |
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Sends and Receives
Right clicking over the volume fader of any track or folder will
open a window displaying volume and pan faders not only for
the track itself but also for any sends and receives associated
with that track. An example is shown here.
Right clicking over the Pan fader opens... |
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The more you work with REAPER, the more you will realise how very many preferences settings there are, so
many that it can sometimes be difficult to remember where to go for a particular setting.
To help you there is a text box and a Find button near the bottom of the Prefere... |
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The illustration (below right) shows the
Colors interface (displayed by choosing the
Set tracks to custom color… command),
which can be used to specify different colors
for different tracks and groups of tracks.
Click on your required color. If this is a color
you are likely to need ... |
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5.10The Theme Adjuster: Global Settings
The Global Settings page of the T heme Adjuster
(Options, Themes, Theme adjuster/Color
controls) can be used to modify the overall
appearance of the default theme. Its controls
together affect aspects such as the light/dark
cont... |
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5.12Understanding Sends , Buses, Submixes and Folders
You have already seen that each of the tracks in your
projects has its audio output routed by default to the master,
and that from here the audio signal is directed to your
preferred output device or devices, such as speakers or
he... |
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Anything that you do to the folder will be done to the entire submix. For example, if you adjust the volume
up or down, the volume of the submix will be adjusted up or down. If you add an effect such as a
compressor to the folder then that effect will be applied to the submi... |
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5.13.1Drag and Drop Folder Management
Another way of creating folders is by dragging and dropping. You identify which track is to be the folder, which
are to be its children, then select and drag and drop the children into the folder. When you know what you are
doing, this method is probabl... |
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To create a nested folder, first create an empty track
within an existing top level folder, then use the folder
control icon to make that track into a folder. Because
the track is itself contained within an existing top level
folder, it will automatically be made into ... |
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The grouping matrix, which can be docked, can be used to manage up to 64 different groups. To display this,
choose the View command, then Track Grouping Matrix , or press Ctrl Alt G. We can create a special project
file for our examples. You can then group any selection of tracks that you l... |
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In order to do this … Using the Track Grouping Matrix
Link more parameters for tracks in an
existing groupClick on the intersection cells where the required
parameter column meets the track rows.
Add another track to an existing group Click on intersection cell where the req... |
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5.14.4Track Grouping Window
The Track Grouping window displays all group information about the various parameters for any selected track or
selection of tracks. Most commonly (and most usefully) it makes sense to use it with individual tracks, one track
at a time. Again, this will be more ... |
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5.14.5Track Grouping Window Basic Controls
In order to do this … Using the Track Control Panel
Define the tracks in a new group Select the tracks in the Track Control Panel, press Shift
G then select at least one parameter.
Name a group Press Shift G , select the required gro... |
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5.16VCA Grouping
The origins of VCAs (Voltage Controlled Amplifiers) predate digital audio. By way of analogy, VCAs in REAPER are
a form of track grouping which allows tracks to be followers within a group to a single track lead. VCA follow
tracks will have their volume dBs added to that o... |
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Parameter Comment
Pre FX
FollowIf the grouping matrix option Flag: VCA pre-FX follow is selected for any VCA follow track,
then the signal volume will be adjusted before it is fed into the that track's FX chain.
Automation Volume, pan and width changes on follow tracks can ... |
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Note that if any of the VCA follow tracks already contain a volume envelope, then the values on the VCA lead
track envelope will be added to those already on the follow track envelope.
These actions can applied to VCA lead pan, width and/or mute envelopes as well as volume envelopes.
VCA wit... |
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5.18Headphone Monitoring
Most would agree that when mixing it is better to use the monitors (speakers) in your studio or control room.
However, you may wish also to use headphones from time to time, perhaps for those occasions when you need
to focus in detail on a particular... |
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6Managing Track and Item FX
We have already covered the basic techniques involved in using effects (Direct X and VST) with REAPER tracks.
We are now going to look at some of the options available to help manage and use your FX more effectively.
We'll be looking in more detail at how you u... |
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6.2Using Search Filters
Search filters can be used to help find exactly what you are looking
for. In this case, you can filter the FX list to show only those items
which include a specified string, such as verb or eq. The techniques
explained in this section can also be u... |
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6.3FX Browser Options
The Add FX window Options menu is shown here: the commands are:
Auto-float new FX windows . If enabled, FX will be opened and
displayed in their own separate window when they are added.
FX Plug-ins settings... Displays Options, Preferences, Plug-ins
settings page (s... |
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If you enable the option Draw labels above the item rather than within the item then the buttons will be
displayed (with the item name) above the item. You can, however, also specify as an exception that When
media item height is less than label height the label should be ... |
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In order to do this … You need to do this ...
Add notes to an FX
instanceClick in text edit box
above presets list.
Type your notes/
comments. For longer entries, click on the … (top right) to open a text box.
FX Wet/Dry mix and FX
bypassThe rotary Wet/Dry mix button (to the right of... |
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6.8Embedding FX GUI in TCP or MCP
You can embed the GUI in the TCP/MCP for a limited
number of FX, notably ReaEQ, ReaComp, ReaXComp,
ReaSurround and ReaFir, and some JS plugins that
have their own GUI, including graphical
waveshapers, the spectograph and the goniometer... |
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The FX chain context menu (right-click anywhere in left panel of FX window) allows you to set Chain PDC
mode for an item or track to Per chain
compensation, Per FX compensation
or to Ignore plug-in delay . For the
master track, there is also an option to
select Hardware output compensa... |
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Selected FX Freeze
Other options, available
from a track's FX chain right
click menu, are to freeze a
track up to its last on-line or
selected FX, as you wish -
see above. In this case,
only the first three FX have
been selected. The action
Freeze track to stereo... |
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The Automation notification options let you over ride various VST preferences settings for specific plug-ins.
For VST3 plug-ins, if using sidechaining you may need to Request VST3 bus channel count to inform the
plugin how to interpret the channels REAPER is sending This is because REAPER d... |
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6.20Audio Signal Flow Chart: Tracks and Folders
This diagram illustrates specifically the audio flow for tracks and folders.
Notes:
1.The Trim Volume envelope (not shown) comes after the Track Volume envelope and before the
Send/Hardware Out Pre Fader (Post FX) .
2.The track ... |
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7Managing and Editing Media Items
7.1Using an External Editor
REAPER’s native media item editing features are likely to be more than capable of meeting your needs. However,
if you prefer to use a different application for editing you can specify up to two external programs (such as
A... |
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7.2.1Basic Editing: Media Items
Some, but not all, of REAPER’s basic item editing tasks use familiar standard Windows procedures. These are
mainly suited to simple tasks, such as moving or splitting media items, or joining items together. Shown below
is a summary table. Rem... |
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To do this with an item or selection of items … You need to do this …
Move item/items, ignore any time selection Select items and drag.
Move item/items, ignore snap and time selection Select items and Shift drag.
Copy selected portion of item or items Click on one item within time sect... |
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Razor edit mouse modifiers and actions
Razor edit mouse modifiers can be customised via Options, Preferences, Editing behavior , Mouse
modifiers. For example, modifiers can be applied to move an area in one direction (horizontal or vertical)
only, or without moving contents,... |
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Length of media item (Position and Length: can be time, beats or HMSF).
Fade In and Fade Out: you can define both the length and the shape of these.
S4nap offset: Offset from the default
snap position if snapping is enabled.
Item timebase: Defaults to project
timebase but can be... |
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7.4Media Item Appearance Preferences
Your media item appearance preferences settings (Chapter 22)
determine how audio and midi items are displayed in arrange view. In
particular, note the following:
Media item labels (including pitch/playrate and gain) can be
displayed, ... |
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7.7Separating Loop Selection from Time Selection
If the setting Link loop points to time selection (on your Preferences, Editing Behavior page) is enabled
then when you make a new time selection the loop selection changes with it. The toggle command Loop points
linked to time selectio... |
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7.10Insert Space in Selection
The command
Insert, Empty
space at time
selection can be
used to create a
gap anywhere in a
song. Make your
time selection
before using this
command. The space is applied to all tracks (as shown here). Existing material is moved to the ri... |
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Ctrl – draws a copy of currently selected media item. Snapping will be applied if enabled.
Ctrl Shift - draws a copy of currently selected media item, will not snap.
Ctrl Alt - draws a copy of currently selected media item pooling MIDI source data with snapping (if enabled).
Shift Ctrl ... |
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Tip: You can assign one name to several media items all in one go. Select all of the items, press F2 to open the
Item Properties dialog box, type the name in the take name edit box and click on OK.
7.14Implode Items To One Track
Where you have built up a number of items
that... |
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For instance, if you split the item at a couple of
places (so you now have three items) then delete
the middle piece, the remaining pieces join up, but
unlike with a normal stereo editor, you can adjust
the join by dragging the ends of the items
appropriately. If you want to m... |
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7.19Take Media Source
The Take media source section of the Media
Item Properties dialog box (F2) can be used to
view the properties of the currently selected take,
or to change or rename its source file. Where there
is only one take, the terms “take media source” and
... |
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within 5 pixels of one of the grid lines. Otherwise, the cursor will be positioned wherever the mouse is clicked.
Also, snapping can be made Relative to Grid.
Note: The snap behavior of ruler markers and regions will follow cursor snap settings.
7.22Snapping with Separate Snap and Grid... |
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You can use the Actions List editor to assign this action to shortcut keys, and/or the Customize Menus/Toolbars
editor to assign it to a toolbar. Both the Actions List editor
and the Customize Menus/Toolbars editor are covered in
Chapter 15.
This window stays open until cl... |
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When a track contains several items and you wish to send only some of these items to another track, such
as a reverb bus. An example of how to do this is shown below.
When mixing in a surround format such as 5.1 and you wish to send the
output to a particular channel or channels.
E... |
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In addition, the Preferences Mouse
Modifiers page gives you additional
functionality by using modifier keys with
your mouse when working with fades and
crossfades. Options are available for left
click, left drag and double-click.
For example, holding Shift while dragg... |
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Optionally, you can select Equal gain or Equal power. Equal gain settings include linear fades
(the top shape). Equal power includes logarithmic fades (second from top). Equal gain might be
preferred when both items contain similar material. Equal power might be
chosen when the cro... |
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actions (such as adjusting the fade curve). Other options enable you to adjust the fade curve with the
mouse.
Left click and double click modifiers can
be used to apply any of a number of
additional fade intersection or auto
crossfade actions from REAPER's Actions
li... |
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7.29Storing and Recalling Item Groups
Different groups of items can be saved and recalled using the Item Groups tab of REAPER's Project Bay. The
Project Bay will be explored in more detail in Chapter 12. For now, notice that you can open it using the View,
Project Media/FX Bay comman... |
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We then right click over any of these items (where the mouse is shown above) and choose Glue selected
items from the menu. As a result, the items are joined into one, as shown below.
One application for gluing items is to join several items together into a new loop source. Yo... |
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Media item (left click, left drag and double-click)
Media item bottom half (left click, left drag and double-click)
Media item edge (left drag and double-click)
Media item fade/crossfade (left click, left drag and double-click)
Many contexts have an option associated with
them: th... |
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7.33Dynamic Splitting - Remove Silent Passages
REAPER's Dynamic Splitting is a powerful feature with many applications. Many of these are designed for use
with tempo based composition, but it has other applications, such as to clean up a track and remove those
passages that... |
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Dynamic Split
ParameterSetting to Remove Silent Passages
Hysteresis This setting can be used to adjust the level at which the gate closes relative to
that at which it opens. Raising the hysteresis figure closer to or even above 0dB
will have create more splits.
Display gate threshol... |
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7.34Auto Trim/Split Items
REAPER's action list contains literally hundreds
of commands and actions, many of which are
not shown on any menus. Actions are covered
in more depth in Chapter 15. Two actions worth
looking at here are Item: Auto trim/split
items (remove sile... |
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Spectral peaks can be helpful in recognizing content. For example, the lower and upper registers of a clarinet will
show as different colors. A flute will be different again. Some other possible uses are:
To identify and pinpoint precisely unwanted noise (such as low end hum), or fr... |
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Peak Display Controls
In order to use this tool effectively you will need to understand and master its various controls. For example, if
you are focussing on low end rumble you will probably want
the display to focus on the lower end of the frequency
spectrum. If dealing ... |
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7.36Spectrogram View and Spectral Editing
Spectrogram view shows you a visual representation of all of an item's sound frequencies as they vary through
time, that is, throughout the length (or duration) of that media item. The most obvious difference between this
and spectral peaks is... |
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Example
This picture (left) shows the vocal at the end of a line that ends with a “T” sound. The
rightmost small shaded area represents an unpleasant “TT” where the singer has not let go
of the word. If we mute or remove the whole area, we will create a hole. The trick is to... |
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8Managing, Comping and Editing Takes
Earlier, in Chapter 3, we looked at how you can create multiple takes when you are recording. In particular,
make sure you are familiar with the sections that cover Showing Takes in Lanes , Using Color Coded Takes
and Working With Multiple Take... |
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Note: If you are using the REAPER 6 color theme default layout, the mute button is
located on the top right corner of the track panel, as shown here.
8.3Crossfades with Takes
If you intend to arrange your media items so that
they overlap, then you should first decide whethe... |
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A clever trick is to make all of the items that together make up a complete set of preferred takes a different color
from the others. To do this, first choose your takes and select all of the media items (use marquee to do this),
then choose from the right-click menu Item and take... |
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In this example, we have created a
second comp set and colored it green.
We can now switch between comp sets
at will.
In this example, with our preferred
comp set selected we have used the
command Move active comp to top
lane.
Don't forget also that by pressing Ctr... |
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Command (Shortcut) Explanation
Take envelopes... Opens a window from which you
can choose to add a volume, pan,
mute and/or pitch, and/or any
take FX parameter automation
envelope.
Automation envelopes are explained in Chapter 18.
Explode all takes to new tracks Copies each ... |
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In this example, we have three takes of a media item, which has also been split into three sections. All three
takes share the same name (Vox.mp3). Notice that some FX have been added to the active take for the first
section, together with an envelope and a fade out.
By choo... |
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As well as these commands, REAPER's Action List (see Chapter 15) includes a number of actions you can use to
deal with empty take lanes. These actions (which can be assigned to shortcut keys or toolbars) are:
Item: Remove all empty take lanes
Item: Remove the empty take lane after t... |
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8.11Item Take Markers
REAPER supports both project markers and take markers. Project markers will be explained in detail in Chapter
9. Take markers are attached not to a point in time on the project timeline but to a specified location within a
specific media item. Thus, by ... |
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9Loops, Project Markers and Regions
Note: Many of the arrange view illustrations used in this chapter use the REAPER 4 or REAPER 5 default theme
and color scheme. The information and instructions, however, are still accurate and correct for REAPER 6.
9.1Creating Loops
Any audio, MIDI... |
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Creating a Loop from a Time Selection
Another way of creating a loop from only part of an item is to select the
required item, highlight the required part of it as a time selection, right
click, choose Copy loop of selected area of items , remove the original,
then paste... |
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1.Open the sample file All Through The Night.RPP and immediately save it as All Through The Night
MARKERS.RPP
2.Play the song, pausing playback immediately before where
the vocal starts. Press Shift M. When prompted, type as
the name Verse 1 Start and press Enter
3.At the end o... |
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In the first screen shot (below), a project contains two markers, at the start and at the end of the project.
Suppose that you wish to reposition Marker 2. Simply position the edit cursor there and then press Ctrl 2.
Now let us suppose that you want to create Marker 4 at the... |
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9.8Creating and Using Regions
Regions essentially take the idea of markers one step further. You can create regions for your projects, making it
easy to identify, select and work with different passages of a song.
To do this ... Mouse/Keystrokes/Command
Create a new region from time... |
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9.9The Region/Marker Manager
The View, Region/Marker Manager
command toggles this display, used to
manage regions and markers (including
take markers).
This table shows how the region
manager handles markers and regions
using its buttons, its controls, and its
conte... |
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To do this … … you do this
Import regions/markers from .csv
file (replace existing)Use Import regions/markers (replace existing) command
from context menu, select file then click on Open .
Import regions/markers from .csv
file (merge with existing)Use Import regions/markers (mer... |
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9.12Markers and Media Cues
If you need to share your media files with other applications that use media cues (for example, Sound Forge)
you can convert your markers to media cues when rendering. File rendering is covered in detail in Chapter 21.
REAPER also has an option on... |
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9.14Tempo Based Music Production
REAPER incorporates a number of features which make it a good choice for tempo based music production.
Some of these elements (such as creating loops and various item properties) have already been mentioned in
the context of other uses. Others have n... |
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Under Project Settings, Timebase for events. You can select Time, Beats (position, length, rate) or
Beats (position only). The former locks items to the timeline so that changes in tempo will cause items
to be resized and their play rate adjusted. With Beats (position only)... |
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These are just a few of the actions and commands that can be used to suit your own method of working when
creating your tempo-based projects. Explore the others and get to know them. They include:
Copy selected area of items
Trim items to selected area
Split items at prior zero cross... |
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9.16Quantizing Items
REAPER allows you to quantize your audio items. This essentially means lining them up according to the project
tempo or time signature.
You might have a situation in which you have copied and pasted a sample several times within a track (or across
seve... |
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