url stringclasses 1
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Track/measure task Method
Transposing note
display: Octaves and
Semitones
(See also Transpose
Options .)The Transpose display command can be
used to cause the notes on a track to be
displayed up or down by up to 3 octaves
and/or11 semitones. This affects only the wa... |
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Track/measure task Method
Change tempo/ time
signature/ rhythm
patternTo insert a time signature change at the
start of any bar, right-click and choose
Change tempo / time signature/
rhythm pattern from the menu.
This opens a dialog box (shown right)
where you can ma... |
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General Editing Commands and Actions
You can right-click just about anywhere except on a note or item to display a general menu of notation editing
commands. These include the usual general editing commands (Copy, Cut,
Paste, etc.) as well as these notation view specific c... |
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General editing task Method
Remove notation Click on the notation, press Delete key.
Move a notation or
lyricHover your mouse over the middle of the item, then click-hold-drag to drag and drop
the item to its required position.
Insert a lyric Click on the staff to move the ... |
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General editing task Method
Insert tuplet (cont.) For example, a
quarter note triplet
starting at the
beginning of the
measure will span the
first two beats of the
measure and contain
a stop at 2/3 beats and a stop at 4/3 beats (each quarter note triplet is 2/3 ... |
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General editing task Method
Set Voice The Voice command
can be used to select
All notes in default
voice , All notes in
high voice or All
notes in low voice .
The method for setting notes to a specified voice is explained in the next table.
Hide Notes The Hide Notes ... |
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Note Option... Comments ...
Beam Right-click on a selected note and choose Beam , then
Beam notes together to start beaming on any note.
Do not beam notes can be used to remove beaming.
This allows you to break up sets of beamed notes to
better display the intended rhyt... |
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Note Option... Comments ...
Phrase/slur Think of a musical phrase as being conceptually similar to a phrase in the English
language. Take the example of the old Irish song, Cockles and Mussels. The words
“alive alive oh” can be seen to make up a phrase. They belong together,... |
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Note Option... Comments ...
Ornament (cont) A lower mordent (also known as an inverted mordent ) is a single rapid alternation
with the note below. An upper mordent is a single rapid alternation with the note
above. It is often called simply a mordent.
Snap is an inst... |
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14.9Editing Notation Events in Other Views
Notes, of course, can be added, edited and deleted in REAPER’s other MIDI Editor views. This also applies in part
to dynamics and text/custom events and lyrics.
In event list view, these events are listed in sequence along with all... |
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15Customization: Actions, Mouse Modifiers, Menus and Toolbars
15.1Introduction
Customization is the key to unlocking REAPER's real power and making the program work for you, for example
by creating your own actions, assigning your own shortcut keys and custom... |
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15.3The Action List Editor Environment
You'll get more out of REAPER's Action List Editor (shown below) if before trying to use it you take a little time
getting to know its interface, its structure and how you can navigate it.
Item Comments
Filter
See also section
Using Sea... |
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Item Comments
Column headers/
Sort keysThe State column indicates for toggle actions whether their status is on or off.
By default, actions are listed in alphabetical order of their description. You can click
on the Shortcut column header to sort instead o... |
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15.4The Actions List Context Menu
The Actions window right-click menu (shown here) includes two toggle
commands to Remember last action filter (when the list is closed and
later reopened) and/or Close after action on double-click/enter .
The next four actions are mainly t... |
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Note: If you are assigning a combination of keys (e.g. Shift Q), then you need to press both keys together, at
the same time.
15.7Global Shortcut Overrides
The Keyboard/MIDI/OSC Input window is opened by
selecting an action and clicking the Add button. Thi... |
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15.9Deprecated Actions
As you explore the Actions List you might notice that some actions are flagged as “deprecated.” These actions
are considered no longer suitable and are not supported. You should not use them. The main reason they remain
in the Actions List is so that ... |
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Managing Notes
Insert notes of a specific length Insert note …. [range from 1/128 to 1/2 to whole note]
Make notes legato Set note ends to start of next note
Transpose notes Edit: Move notes up/down one octave/semitone
Adjust note lengths slightly Edit: Length... |
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15.14Exporting and Importing Keyboard Shortcuts
The Import/export button near the bottom left corner of the
Actions window can be used backup or restore any or all of your
keyboard assignments. Exported keymap sets are by default
saved as .ReaperKeyMap files in the \KeyM... |
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Here’s a simple example. Normally, to split an item you need to select it, position the edit cursor at the required
position, and then press S. Using a custom action, we can combine this sequence into a single keystroke.
Example
1.In the Actions List, click o... |
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15.18Meta Actions
Meta actions enable you to repeat the same macro as many times as
you wish without having to keep pressing the same shortcut keys.
This technique can be used, for example, to drop a marker at the
start of each verse of a song.
REAPER includes two meta ... |
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1.Display the Mouse Modifiers page of REAPER's Preferences Window.
2.Display the Context drop down list and select an
entry from that list. A list of current modifiers for
that context is then shown. An example of this is
shown here, for Media item edge ... |
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edge ignoring snap the new default behavior when clicking and dragging from the media item edge.
7.Double click on Default action and select Move item edge ignoring snap from the menu. Now
double click on the modifier Shift and select Move item edge from the menu.
8.Click ... |
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All actions in REAPER's Action List MIDI Editor and MIDI Event List Editor categories (including any custom
actions of your own) are available to be assigned as a mouse modifier in most contexts within the MIDI Editor.
MIDI Editor mouse modifier contexts inc... |
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the time to explore just what is available for the different contexts.
Take the time also to look at the MIDI editor right drag assignments. As well as several variations to set
marquee behavior (select notes, add notes, toggle selection, etc.) there is also an action using C... |
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In order to do this ... … you need to do this.
Select a menu for customization Display the drop down list (top left of window) and select the
required menu.
Change the name of a currently
selected main menu commandSelect the command. Click on the Retitle...... |
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Example
In this example you will learn how to add an action to a REAPER menu as a new command, and how to remove
an unwanted command. You'll also change the order of some commands. As with many other exercises in this
User Guide your main focus should not be on the example i... |
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The procedure is similar to that used for menu customization. Make your changes to the existing default toolbar
layout thru the Customize menus/toolbars dialog box. This can be displayed by right-clicking over the empty
area of the toolbar background, or by... |
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In order to do this ... … you need to do this.
Replace a toolbar icon with text Right click over the item in the list in the left panel. Choose
Text Icon from the menu, type the text then click OK.
Close the Customize Menus/Toolbar
Window without saving your changesClick on... |
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15.24Creating Additional Custom Toolbars
REAPER can display up to 16 general and 8 MIDI only additional
toolbars that you can set up to suit your particular requirements.
By selecting which items are added to these toolbars you are able
create one click ... |
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Shown here is an example of custom toolbars, used to give easy access to various track and windows screen
sets. Let's see how this was done.
Example
1.With the Customize menus/toolbars window open select Floating toolbar 1.
2.Click on Retitle... and
type Screen Sets. Press ... |
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15.26The Toolbar Docker
If you have several custom toolbars, the toolbar docker can be a useful means of accessing your various toolbars
easily without creating a lot of screen clutter. It uses a tabbed layout that makes it easy to switch between your
vario... |
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15.28Using a Control Device with REAPER
A control surface such as a Behringer BCR2000 or a Novation Nocturn can be used to control some of REAPER's
actions. You might also be able to use your pedals and other controls on a MIDI keyboard in a similar way.
Examples might includ... |
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In every case, make sure that you choose the options that are correct for your device from the various Control
Surface Settings options. Shown below is one example of such settings, with a Novation Nocturn. This sample
screen is not intended as a model for y... |
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15.29Controlling REAPER with a Web Browser Interface
You can use your mobile phone or tablet as a control surface for REAPER, for example to record tracks, play
them back, solo or mute tracks, and so on, using REAPER's web browser interface!
Make sure that your REAPER compute... |
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16REAPER Plug-ins in Action
16.1What Are Plug-ins?
There’s a wonderful assortment of plug-ins supplied with REAPER - over 200 of them! These include the
Jesusonic and the VST Rea plug-ins from Cockos. This section will introduce you to some of these, to give you a
feel for what plug-ins are... |
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16.4Sound Shaping Effects: ReaEQ
Many sound shaping plug-ins fall (in one way or another) into the EQ category. EQ means “equalisation .” This is
rather strange, since they are used to emphasise (or de-emphasise) selected frequencies. Perhaps they should
be called “UnEQ”!
... |
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An example of the difference in how a narrow bandwidth (top) and a wider bandwidth (bottom) can shape a
sound is shown here.
You will also see, if you display the drop down list labelled Type that there are several
type of band. Some of the most commonly used are:
Band: the volume is raise... |
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1.Unsolo your Vox track and solo the track Bouzouki. Open its FX Window and add the JS:Delay/delay.
2.Play the song. Experiment with adjusting the FX parameters until you have found an effect to your liking.
For very small delay settings, such as 0.2 ms, it is easier to type ... |
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Example
1.Display the FX Window for your MASTER and insert the JS: Master Limiter.
2.Play the song, adjusting the controls.
3.As you lower the Threshold, the volume will get louder, but the maximum (limit) volume is never
exceeded.
4.As you lower the Limit, the song gets quieter.
5.The more y... |
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Notice that on the original waveform the volume varies quite considerably from time to time. Applying a limiter
(near right) can lift the quieter passages, but may make the overall effect too loud. The dynamics have been
largely squeezed out of the song. The illustration far... |
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16.10Volume Control with a Noise Gate
Noise Gates controls sound at the quiet end of the scale. Often when you record a track such as a vocal there
will be sections of silence, perhaps between verses. At least, you want them to be silence! However, you might
notice on playback irritating s... |
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ReaVerb even takes this concept a step
further, allowing you to not only use
recorded impulses from real
environments to create your reverb, but
also to use something closer to more
traditional reverb methods to then
modify that sound further, should you
wish to ... |
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Notice that when you are experimenting
with ReaVerb you can:
Drag and drop to change the
order in which modules are
positioned in the reverb chain.
Untick the box to the left of any
module’s name to bypass that
module.
Tip: When making changes to ReaVerb
settings it may be necess... |
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ReaFir can be used to remove such sounds from your tracks in real time. In order to do this, you must first
identify a passage on the track (perhaps a second or two) where you have recorded the unwanted noise by
itself. This is likely to be at the very beginning of the track... |
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that automatically becomes also the starting frequency for Band 2.
f you have not used a Multiband Compressor before, then you are advised to start cautiously and become more
adventurous as you gain in knowledge and confidence. You can experiment on any of the sample All Through
The Night pr... |
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Using ReaXComp: Some Tips
Right-click over any band handle to display a context menu. Options include using large band handles.
Don’t use too many bands. Too many independently compressed bands can make your mix sound
disjointed. Many mastering engineers use only as few as ... |
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16.15Summary Examples of JS Plug-In Categories
With so many JS plug-ins available, it is impossible to fit them all into tidy little categories. However, the table
that follows goes some way towards this. There is no significance in the order in which the categories are listed.
Note, though,... |
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Dedicated process: this puts each bridged plugin into a separate bridge process of its own. This will prevent a
buggy plug-in from crashing the entire bridge, but it has the downside of increasing the overall CPU load.
Native only: the plug-ins are run inside the main Reaper ... |
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17More REAPER Routing Examples
This section is mainly intended for more experienced users of DAW software, to show you some of the more
advanced aspects of REAPER’s routing.
We’ve already looked at REAPER’s basic routing capabilities (e.g. buses, submixes and folders). Tracks in
REAPER ... |
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By default, REAPER tracks comprise two channels (left and right). If you insert an FX into a track’s FX chain and
then click on the 2 in 2 out button you’ll see something like that shown here (below right). If the track has more
than two then these channels will also be di... |
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17.5Sidechaining and Audio Ducking
The next example will show you how to use a technique known as sidechaining to create an effect called
ducking. Put simply, this describes what happens when a compressor is set up to ensure that the volume on
one track is automatically lowered whenever t... |
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11.Now play the song. Adjust the Threshold (first vertical fader) downward, so that during Vocal passages
the VU meter peaks above the fader level.
12.Slide the Ratio fader right until you are satisfied with the overall amount of reduction on the Instruments.
This will prob... |
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Set the threshold to about – 13 dB and the ratio to about 3:1. Play the song. You should notice that the
compressor is functioning, but the chorus effect is not heard. We need to bring channels 3 and 4 back into
the audio stream!.
5.Add the JS: Channel Mapper Downmixer at the end
of you... |
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17.8Other Channel Routing/Mixing Plug-ins (Overview)
Here is an overview of some of REAPER's other channel routing/mixing plug-ins . You can always check the web
sites and the forums for the latest information. This section introduces you to some other plug-ins (not used in ... |
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3.You now have one MIDI track for each channel. The MIDI output of each of the 16 tracks is sent to the
track on which you originally inserted the VSTi.
You have a number of options for assisting you with managing this set of tracks. For example, you can put the
MIDI Tracks in one folder,... |
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N.B.: The three different send typesshown in the Routing Matrix by the symbols on the left. From top
to bottom these are Pre Fader (Post FX) , Post Fader (Post Pan) , and Pre FX. In each case, the
height of the large thick bar indicates the send volume level. The flow chart... |
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The template does get modified from time to time, so that the version that you download might not be exactly
the same as the one used in the description that follows. This should not matter. Also, in the example, we will
using the MIDI Editor for demonstration purposes , but if you have a... |
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11.Compose a few notes, similar to the concept shown below. Make it a simple composition of your own.
12.Close the MIDI Editor and save your file.
13.If you wish, you can also use REAPER’s channel routing to send different parts to different tracks, where
you can add FX, a... |
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17.14Surround Panning with ReaSurround and ReaSurroundPan
REAPER includes two plug-ins for surround mixing – ReaSurround and the more fully featured ReaSurroundPan.
It’s advisable to read thru this entire section before deciding which is most suited to your own needs.
Surround sound produc... |
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each track individually, with each track directly routed to the master. Another option is to create sends from all
tracks to a single surround mixing bus and use a single instance of ReaSurround there, disabling direct sends
from individual tracks to the Master. In some resp... |
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In the example shown above, the Surround Panner has been inserted into a “normal” two channel track with a
mono recorded media item.
The Surround Panner therefore finds – and displays – only two inputs this time.
Because 5.1 surround has been selected as the surround mode, even though the ... |
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ReaSurroundPan gives you more mixing options than does ReaSurround. It is an ideal
tool to use, for example, when mixing sound for games or movie soundtracks. It supports
most if not all commonly recognised formats (see illustration, right).
Its basic controls are much the... |
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LFE can be used to send input from that speaker to the LFE. Divergence can be used, for example, to send a
sound to the left and right so that it comes from the center but appears to be from a wider source. Delay can be
used to add the Haas effect to a channel.
Speaker Output Faders
The ... |
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Note: REAPER can be opened in client mode from the Windows Start, All Programs menu, or by first opening the
host application and by selecting REAPER as the client application there. You can also (in both OSX and
Windows) ReWire REAPER to itself by choosing Rewire REAPER fr... |
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2.Setting the MIDI Output for a plug-in: the MIDI can be sent to any MIDI Bus (the MIDI channel cannot be
specified, that is determined by the plug-in).
Note that whereas VST plugins can be assigned to a MIDI bus when receiving MIDI and their output can be
directed to a dedicated MIDI bus... |
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could have used whichever buses we liked, although for reasons that we’ll get to later you might wish to avoid
Bus 1.
1.All the MIDI from track 1 is received on channel 2 on bus 2.
2.All the MIDI from track 2 is received on channel 3 on bus 2.
3.All the MIDI from track 3 is r... |
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18Automation – Envelopes and More
18.1Understanding Automation
Automation is used to ensure that when your tracks are played, recorded changes in such things as volume level
or panning can be recalled with the music in real time. At its simplest, for example, automation can lift the
v... |
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Manually Creating Envelopes : As an alternative to using your faders to create envelopes, you can shape
them manually. This gives you a very fine degree of control over your project. You can draw your envelope
curves freehand, add points to them at will, and use your mouse ... |
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Envelope Description
Mute This envelope has effectively only two states – On and Off. It is used to mute
passages of a track.
Send Volume Adjusts the volume of the track signal that is sent to the destination track. Can be
used for Post Fader (Post Pan), Post FX and Pre FX sends.
Send ... |
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4.Now click on the Envelopes/Automation button for the Bouzouki track. Select Volume and make it
both Visible and Armed. Select the automation mode Write for this track (see above).
5.Close the Envelopes window. Notice that the Volume fader for this track is now colored red ... |
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3.Right-click over the envelope. From the menu, choose Reduce Number of Points .
4.Select (probably) Points in time selection or (possibly) All Points.
5.Adjust the fader until the number of points looks about right. An example is shown above. Click on OK.
18.8Writing Mute Automation
One... |
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Automation Mode Description
Latch Preview This mode enables you to try out changes to parameter values (e.g. volume level or
pan position) without actually writing them to envelopes. When you are happy with
your parameter settings you can then use an action to write them to ... |
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3. We now display the actions list ( Actions, Show action list) and run the action Automation: Write
current values for actively-writing envelopes to time selection . The envelope is now adjusted (see
below).
Finally we can reset the track automation to trim/read mode.
You can use lat... |
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Other controls are the Bypass toggle and next to that the Hide/Clear button (used to hide an envelope, move
it to the media lane, or clear it altogether). FX parameter envelopes may also have some additional controls, for
example to enable parameter modulation or learn mode ... |
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Amplitude vs Fader Scaling: Right-click over a volume envelope for a context menu which includes Volume
envelope scaling (under the Envelope defaults option). AOptions are amplitude scaling (the default) and
fader scaling. With amplitude scaling, half as high, for example, is half as l... |
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Envelope point left drag
Left dragMove envelope point
Shift left dragMove point ignoring snap
Ctrl left dragFreehand draw ignoring snap
Shift ctrl left dragMove point on one axis only
Alt left dragDelete envelope point
Ctrl alt left dragCopy point ignoring snap
Envelope point ... |
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ensure that the envelope will be placed in the vertical center of the automation lane, thus leaving adequate
room both above and below the envelope for manual editing.
In order to do this … … you need to do this
Hide an individual envelope Right click over the envelope and choose Hide ... |
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18.19Managing and Manipulating Envelopes
The Envelope Point and Envelope Segment right-click context menus
both contain commands and options that are there to help you
manage and manipulate your envelopes. Which of these two menus
will appear depends on whether your mous... |
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Command Explanation
Reset select points to
zero/centerSets all selected points back to a neutral position. Shown here is a selection
of points before and after using this command.
Reduce number of points … Reduces the number of envelope points within a time selection or for the
whole ... |
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The Editing Behavior, Automation page (see Chapter 22) includes important options. It gives you the option,
for example, to Automatically add envelopes when tweaking parameters in automation write mode .
This enables you to create envelopes on the fly without having to sele... |
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The Trim Volume is a special kind of envelope that can be used to fine tune or “tweak” a track's volume
envelope. This might be the case, for example, if you wish to experiment with different volume levels before
committing them to the volume envelope. Some points to note about trim en... |
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case, the grouping is similar to that used in the exercise file All Through The Night GROUPS.RPP . If you
completed those examples it might help you to open that file now.
Example
In this example, both guitar tracks are set to act as both lead and follow in automation mode. T... |
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18.30Automation with FX Parameters
You can create automation envelopes for any parameters for almost any JS, VST,or VSTi plug-in that has been
added to any track or item take FX chain. This section focuses mostly on track FX, though the same techniques
can also be applied to take/item... |
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with. For smoother operation, choose Soft takeover. Toggle mode is also available: this allows FX
parameters to be toggled on/off with a single mapping.
4.Optionally, select Enable only when effect configuration is focussed . This allows you to assign the
same control to ano... |
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Envelopes with Per Take FX Parameters
Parameters on FX that have been added to individual takes can also be automated. These can be edited
manually, with points being added by hand in trim/read mode, or recorded in write, latch or touch mode. The
procedures for manually editing or writ... |
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18.36Automating the Metronome
You can automate the Metronome behavior – for example, to get it to play only at the exact times that you
require. To do this, simply create a new track and use the command Insert, Click Source to insert a media
item into your file. You can the... |
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1.Click on the Envelopes button in the Track Master. This displays the Envelopes window for the Master.
Now tick the item Playrate. Make sure this item is marked as both Visible and Armed.
2.Close this window.
18.39Automation Items
REAPER allows you to define an entire
automation enve... |
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LFO Shape: None, Sine, Triangle, Saw, Square or Parametric.
Frequency: the number of times the shape occurs within the item.
Baseline: raises or lowers the envelope baseline.
Amplitude: determines the depth of the modulation: the higher the amplitude, the greater the curve.
Sk... |
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In order to do this... Do this...
Extend/copy automation
item contentsClick and drag from just inside the item's title bar right edge to the right, or
from left edge to the left.
Extend automation item,
collecting existing pointsCtrl click from edge of title bar outwards. As the item... |
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Actions
The actions list includes various automation item commands and actions, including (but not limited to):
Options: Loop new automation items by default. (toggle)
Options: Always create new automation items when writing automation
Options: Automation item baseline/amplitu... |
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18.40Razor Editing with Automation Envelopes
Razor editing lets you move or copy one part of an envelope to another envelope by dragging it. Razor selection
and razor editing techniques are explained in Chapter 2, including a table of the various options and basic mouse
modifiers. In ... |
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Examples: #1: With Move envelope points with media item and razor edits on ….
...you could
select and
move or
copy this ….… or just
this …… but not
just this.For the third example
to be possible, you
would have to set this
option off.
#2: Using a mouse modifier assi... |
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19Automation - Parameter Modulation
19.1The Concept
Parameter modulation is best undertaken by more experienced mixers. This chapter serves as an introduction,
but inevitably (because of the complexity of the topic) it is not really pitched at the relatively novice user.
Parameter mod... |
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19.3Defining a Parameter for Modulation
Parameter modulation can be used with track FX and/or take/item FX.
Illustrated below is an example of the Parameter Modulation window with just the Enable parameter
modulation and Audio control signal options enabled. The table below ... |
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Item Description
Attack and
ReleaseThese two factors determines the speed with which changes in the
level of the incoming signal will be applied to the parameter. They work
in a similar way to Attack and Release on a compressor.
A higher attack setting will cause the parameter to re... |
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19.4Defining a Parameter for Modification
To select an FX parameter to be modified, follow
either of these sequences:
1.Displaying the track’s
Envelopes/Automation window and
click on the + for any plug-in to display
the list of its controls.
2.Click on the Mod button f... |
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6.Click on the Param button, then choose Parameter Modulation/MIDI link from the menu. This will
open a parameter modulation window for the output wet parameter. Enable the option Audio control
signal and select as the
Track audio channels 1 +
2. Play the track.
7.The wet rotary... |
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12.Now play the song again. Drag hold of the handle on the graph, and use your mouse to drag it to the
lower right position. Notice that the movements of the wet mix fader now become more modest.
13.Now drag hold of the handle on the graph, and use your mouse to drag it towar... |
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19.7Using Parameter Modulation for Dynamic Compression
In this next example, you will use parameter modulation to dynamically adjust the settings to compress a vocal
track in such a way that the threshold will automatically be adjusted during the louder passages. This gives you a
mo... |
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19.8Bypass Mode
Whenever you create a parameter modulation for
a parameter, a small box is added next to its name
in the Envelopes/Automation window. This can be
used to enable any of your parameter
modulations, or set them to bypass mode (in
which case they are of c... |
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