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REAPER then "shadow splits" your selected item(s). That is to say, it indicates with a row of colored bars
exactly all of the points at which the item will be split if the parameter settings are left as they are.
You make such adjustments as you wish to the parameter settings until... |
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This next example (right) shows splitting at
transients with a noise gate employed to
remove unwanted background sounds or even
the sound of the instrument decay.
In this example if we were to set the gate
threshold too low, too many unwanted sounds
would still get ... |
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These settings, along with more information about time signature markers and their behavior (including editing
and moving markers) can be found in Changing the project timebase and Using Time Signature/Tempo
Change Markers.
Note that your Preferences. Appearance settings include... |
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You can also choose whether or not to:
Display tempo changes
Display time signature changes
Display tempo/ time signature changes in
separate lanes.
By default both region numbers and names are shown
on the ruler when the region is contained within the
visible area. Two ... |
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10Pitch and Time Manipulation
10.1Changing the Project Play Rate
You can adjust the play rate for the whole project, using the Transport Bar. The project’s default pitch shift
mode will be applied. You can use any of these methods:
Click in the Rate edit box and type a new value (e.g., to... |
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Keyboard shortcuts allow you to easily and quickly change the pitch of any selected item or group of items
without needing to open the Media Item Properties box:
Shift 9: Move pitch down one semitone.
Shift 7: Move pitch down one cent.
Shift 0: Move pitch up one semitone.
Shi... |
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10.4Using ReaPitch with Multiple Tracks
We’ve previously looked at how REAPER can send audio streams from one track to another. Let’s now have a
look at how this feature might be used with ReaPitch .
In the example shown on the left,
sends are used to send a signal from a
Lead Vocal Track... |
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10.6Pitch Correction with ReaTune
The plug-in ReaTune can be
used for pitch correction , in
either manual or automatic
mode. n either mode,
élastique SOLOIST is a
suitable algorithm.
To use automatic mode
(shown top right), first insert
ReaTune into a track’s FX
c... |
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Position the play cursor at the point where you want to insert a single marker, or make a time selection
starting and ending where you wish to insert two stretch markers.
Select the item or items to which you want the marker(s) to be added
Choose Item from the main menu (or right-click o... |
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Other Stretch Marker Modifiers
Various other modifier keys can be used in conjunction with your mouse (left drag) to modify the behavior when
a stretch markers are dragged. These defaults can be changed by selecting Media item stretch markers on the
Mouse Modifiers page of R... |
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Where items have been grouped, markers added to one item in the group will also be added to other items
in that group. By default they will be moved together when one is moved. This can be over-ridden by
holding Ctrl when dragging the marker. Grouping items is explained in Chapter 7. The ... |
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If you are using either time signature markers or tempo markers it is advisable to enable the relevant ruler
layout options (Chapter 9) to ensure these are displayed. If using both, you should consider also
enabling the option to display both types in separate lanes. These ... |
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10.9Playback Time Offset with Routing
The track routing window now presents you with an
option to enable playback time offset (click the Route
button on the track): you can adjust individual tracks to
play back media earlier or later. this is commonly used to
account for MIDI latency... |
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10.11REAPER Integration with ARA
REAPER (64 bit version) now supports A udio Random Access (commonly known as ARA). ARA is an extension
developed for use with certain VST3, AU and RTAS audio plug-ins. REAPER supports ARA compatible VST3 plug-
ins, but not AU or RTAS. Note tha... |
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Importing from Melodyne
An audio item’s sequence of notes, tempo, or
tempo with time signature and measure grid can
be imported into your REAPER project file. After
inserting Melodyne into your track(s) FX
chain(s), follow this sequence:
Within the Melodyne window, click on the +
s... |
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10.12Instrument Tuning with ReaTune
ReaTune is a plug-in that can be used to help
you correct the pitch on your recorded media
items. This is commonly used with vocal
tracks.
However, it can also be used to help you to
tune an instrument – select the ReaTune –
Tuner tab, ... |
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11The Mixer and The Master
11.1Introduction
Until now, most of the emphasis has been on working in Arrange View. This is hardly surprising, as that is the
area where you will fin d yourself spending most of your time (at least with audio) and doing most of your work.
As your projects progress... |
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11.4Mixer Menu Commands and Options
Command Description
Master Track Leads to a sub-menu of toggle options for Master Track:
Show in mixer
Show on right side of mixer
Show in separate window
Show in docker
View, Floating Mixer Master (from REAPER's main menu) can
be used to ... |
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Tip: Double-click on any track panel in the Mixer to toggle on and off zoom to track in the TCP. This behavior
can be changed on the Mouse Modifiers page of your preferences (see Chapter 15). You can also use the
Mouse Modifiers page to add further actions of your own. For example, you could... |
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11.6Showing and Hiding Types of Mixer Tracks
Take as an example the above project. It has two folders (or parents) - Vocals and Instruments, containing two
and three child tracks respectively - and one top level track, called Reverb. There are sends from the two folders
to t... |
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In order to do this ... … you do this
Change the order of plug-ins in the FX Chain. Drag and drop up or down the order.
Copy FX from one track to another. Drag and drop FX to FX area on another track.
Display FX context menu. Right click on any displayed plug-in name.
Display the Add FX window.... |
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Notice the rotary faders for Threshold and Ratio that are
shown here on every track.
Example
You can use one of your existing project files for this
example.
1.Open one of your earlier project files, for example,
All Through the Night MARKERS and save it as
All Through... |
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11.8Working with Sends in the Mixer
Enabling the Show sends when size permits option from the Mixer menu will cause your existing sends to be
displayed, each with a small rotary fader to enable you to adjust the send volume level directly from the mixer
panel. Right clicking over an existing ... |
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11.9Showing Track Icons in the Mixer
First, check that Show track icons … is enabled on the mixer’s context menu.
Then the command Track icon, Set track icon (from the context menu on
individual track panels or by right-clicking on the track name or number) can be
used to... |
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Right clicking over a track’s volume or pan fader causes the Volume Control or Pan Law window to be
displayed.
Similarly, the Record Arm, Record Monitoring and Select Record Mode buttons serve the same purposes
as they do in Track View.
Tracks can also be muted or soloed in the Mixer view.... |
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5.Source should be Master mix. Bounds should be Entire project. Channels should be set to Stereo
Set Output format to MP3
Make sure the option to Add rendered items to new tracks in project is enabled.
6.Click on Render 1 File.
7.After a few seconds, the rendered file will ... |
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width set to 0%, you hear both channels equally in the left and right speakers. With side set hard right, you hear
both channels equally in the right speaker, regardless of the width setting.
Dual Pan: Controls each channel separately. The left and right knobs set their respective channels m... |
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11.15Master Track Channels
The topic of routing and channel splitting is one that recurs throughout this user guide. The concept itself starts
as a relatively simple one, but from those simple beginnings it can grow into something as complex and as
complicated as you like. ... |
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8.Play the song. For now, it should be heard over the
speakers, but your headphones should still be silent.
9.In the Master FX chain, add the plug-in ReaEQ and, for
the purpose of this exercise, add a 2 dB gain on Band 2,
a 1 dB drop on Band 3, and a 1dB gain on Band 4.
10.In the Master FX... |
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11.18VU Meters on Multichannel Tracks
\Where a track has more than two channels you have the option of showing the output
of all channels on the track's VU meters in the TCP and Mixer.
This feature is toggled on and off for any track or track selection by right-clicking over... |
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12Managing The Overall Project
12.1Introduction
This chapter covers some of the features of REAPER which are useful when managing your project as a whole
rather than focussing on individual tracks or items. Some of the illustrations in this chapter use REAPER 4 theme
and colors. The infor... |
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12.4Project Lock Settings
The Locking feature of REAPER can be used to effectively freeze certain
aspects of a project file to prevent something accidentally being changed
or deleted. There are two aspects to locking:
Deciding which project elements you would like to be l... |
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12.5The Theme Development Tweaker
Chapter 15 covers REAPER's action list
editor in detail. One action that you might
find useful is the action Theme
development: Show theme
tweak/configuration window .
From the main menu choose the
Actions, Show action list... command.
Type tweak in... |
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already been introduced. Automation Items are explained in detail in Chapter 18. The others are:
Source Media. Lists media items available for use, or are already used in, the project. Each item will
occur only once in this list. If used more than once, this is indicated in... |
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project. You can then use this (for example) to load a different saved project bay, whilst keeping the original bay
open in the original window. This could be the case, for example, if you wish to sort/group media items into
folders in more than one way.
Create new folder. Individual pro... |
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In order to do this … … you do this
Hide/Show columns Right click on any header, deselect/select from list. Note that the Fades
column will show the length of fades in/out.
Add an item to Source Media
BayDrag and drop from Windows Explorer or REAPER's Media Explorer .
You... |
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The FX Bay and FX Parameter Bay
Many FX Bay
management
commands are
the same as in
the Media Bay –
e.g., setting
retain status
on/off, applying
and clearing
filters, creating
and using folders,
and removing
items from the
media and FX
bays are handled
in exactly the
same way... |
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12.7The Track Manager
The Track Manager (View, Track Manager ) gives you
overview control of your tracks. It shows a grid similar to a
spreadsheet or table. If the grid is empty, click on the Show
All button (above right) to display the project's tracks.
The Options but... |
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To do this … … you do this
Show/hide tracks in
TCP/MCPClick in track row in TCP/MCP columns. You can use the toggle option (on the
Options button ) to Link TCP/Mixer visibility to synchronize track display.
Supports “ Swipe ” (see last row of table).
Scroll track into view Double-click... |
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In the example shown above this table, the Vocal and Acoustic Guitar folders and the Reverb track are the
only ones shown in the TCP. All tracks are shown in the Mixer. The Vocals folder settings have been locked.
Both the Vox Ben and Vox Amy tracks are soloed. They are also... |
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4.Type: Vox View but do not yet press Enter.
5.Take a look at the five options that are available. We'll examine these shortly. For this exercise, make sure
that only Track control panel status is selected.
6.Click on Save.
7.Now adjust the track heights so that all tracks are
minimiz... |
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You can also use keyboard shortcuts with Windows screen sets. By default, Shift F7 to Shift F9 are assigned
to saving Windows screen sets 1 to 3, and F7 to F9 to loading them. These assignments can be changed in the
Actions List Editor (see Chapter 15), accessed directly fro... |
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12.12Item Selection Sets
By using item selection sets, you are able to create many different selections of items within a project file and
select all of the items in any set simply by selecting that set name. The procedure is as follows:
Use the command View, Screensets/Layouts to displa... |
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Global Layout Selects theme defaults for all layout elements.
Transport Selects layout for the T ransport bar.
Envelope Panel Selects a layout for track envelope panels . See Chapter 18.
Master Mixer Panel Selects a layout for the Master in the Mixer panel .
Mixer Panel Select... |
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Choice of CC mode (absolute or relative) will depend on the parameter being assigned and your own control
device. In many cases, absolute mode with soft takeover
will be appropriate, but you may need to experiment.
Soft takeover: if enabled, the learned parameter will not
be changed by... |
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12.18Track Control Panel and Menu Bar Help
A selection of useful information can be displayed below the control
panel and at the end of the main menu bar. Right click just below the
track control panel and select from these options:
Selected track/item/envelope details
CPU/R... |
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Manager or the Undo History. The floating window is a third docker, and this contains tabs for displaying the FX
chains for four of the tracks in the current project. This is, of course, only an example.
These instructions assume that you are already familiar with the basic techniques for ... |
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To do this … You need to do this ...
Dock a window Right-click on the window's title bar and choose the command Dock … in
Docker .
Create a new docker Drag and drop any tab from an existing docker into the arrange view area.
Move a window from one
docker to anotherDrag and d... |
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8.When finished, press Ctrl S to save the subproject. The media items will be rendered to a single file which
will appear as a single media item on its own track in the main project.
9.Display the main project (select its project tab). You may need to extend the length of the media item o... |
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7.If we close the DrumsSub project and play the main project file, the rendered drums can clearly be heard
along with the guide track.
8.Any later changes that we make to the DrumsSub project will be included in the audio file that is rendered
when the
subproject is
saved.... |
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Either drag and drop the .RPP file from media explorer into an empty track in the master file, and when
prompted choose Insert project as media item, or select the empty track and use the Insert, Media
file... command.
An existing media item (or item selection) in a master project file c... |
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proxy (subproject) to preview REAPER.RPP projects . If enabled, this ensures that when you select an
.RPP subproject view for preview, if it needs rendering it will automatically be rendered.
Within the main project file, you can create a new take of any subproject item. Ju... |
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13Manipulating and Editing MIDI Items
13.1Introduction
REAPER has a number of techniques for manipulating and editing your MIDI items. In brief these are:
Many of the commands on the arrange view right-click media item context menu can be used with MIDI
items as much as they can wi... |
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13.5Configuring and Accessing the MIDI Editor
Note: Many of the illustrations used in this chapter use the REAPER 4 default color theme. The instructions and
actions are nevertheless accurate for REAPER 5.
The MIDI Editor needs to be opened from an existing item. If you wish ... |
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Filter Button
This is the fifth button shown on the toolbar above. It opens the Filter Events window to allow you to
decide what you want displayed in the MIDI Editor. The Show only events that pass filter box toggles
your filter settings on and off. Invert causes all notes to b... |
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Set selection causes current filter settings to be applied, and Add to selection lets you add to the existing
filter selection. For example, you can create a filter on Note then add to it one based on Pitch. You can also
specify settings to Remove from (current) Selection. S... |
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The Scroll Bars
The MIDI Editor window includes vertical and horizontal scroll bars which can be used to navigate and zoom in
and out of the contents of the MIDI item(s).
The CC Lane(s)
By default, Velocity information is shown in the CC lanes. This can now include a visual
displa... |
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Parameter Description
Bank Select MSB
Bank Select LSBMany MIDI devices offer a total of more than 128 instruments, in which case
these instruments are grouped into banks. Thus, depending on the device, a full
program change message might consist of five parts – cc #0 (Bank S... |
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13.9MIDI Editor CC Lanes
As discussed earlier, clicking on the small + (plus sign) to the right of the of the CC lane name will add a new
lane. Clicking on the down arrow will display a list CC lane types (Bank Select, Mod Wheel, etc) from which you
can make your choice.
Section 1... |
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13.9.2Sysex Events
System exclusive (Sysex) messages are MIDI
data that can only be understood by the
particular make and model of the device that
created them. For example, all synthesizers
should respond to CC messages like Volume or
Pan control, but system exclusi... |
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13.10MIDI CC Lanes: Tips & Tricks
REAPER's MIDI CC lanes additional features are described here.
There are also a number of preferences to determine how –
and how many – CC lanes are displayed. At least one lane will
always be displayed in arrange view (space permitting).
13.10.... |
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13.10.4Renaming CC Lanes
You can rename CC Lanes, importing your preferred names from a previously saved note names file. This is
explained in detail at the end of this chapter.
13.10.514-bit CC Lanes and Actions
The CC Lane drop down menu includes a complete range of options... |
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To do this … You need to do this …
Select a range of notes Right click and drag around the selection.
Select all notes in a range Right click and drag keys in piano roll.
Add to an existing selection Hold Alt and Ctrl while right clicking and dragging around notes.
Change a note’s le... |
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Lyrics
Used to import or export track lyrics in .txt format. Mostly useful with Notation Editor.
Note/CC names
Displays a sub-menu. Rename current note... . Use this in Piano Roll or Named Notes mode to name the
currently selected note. After entering a name you can use Tab ... |
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Humanize …
Opens the dialog box shown here. Humanizing can
make the exact timing of MIDI generated music
sound less “clinical” and more realistic. It does this
by allowing you to introduce random small and
subtle imprecisions in timing and velocity. This
command is also ava... |
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Note preview
Displays a sub-menu enabling you to select any or all of four situations when you would like notes to be
previewed (i.e. audibly heard) – Preview notes when inserting or editing , On velocity change , On
keyboard action, and/or All selected notes that overlap wi... |
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Piano roll notes
Displays a sub menu of Rectangles, Triangles and Diamonds to determine how
notes are displayed. There are toggle options to Show velocity handles on
notes, Show velocity numbers on notes , Show note names on notes,
Show notation text on notes and/or Show velocity... |
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13.15Note Creating and Editing
Overview
A MIDI Item can contain data from up to 16 channels. The MIDI Editor can display and edit all 16 MIDI
channels, or you can use the Filter Events window or Channels drop down list to limit the channel display.
If you select Channel from ... |
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Join notes
Joins all notes in current selection to make one note per row.
Set note ends to start of next note
Extends the end of each note in a selection to the start position of the next note in the selection.
Select previous note/ Select next note
Selects previous or next note in p... |
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To do this … … use this shortcut
Move edit cursor left by one grid unit. Num 4
Move edit cursor right by one pixel. Alt Num 6
Move edit cursor right by one grid unit. Num 6
Note display can be filtered for channels 1 to 10 using any of the shortcuts Shift 1 thru Shift 0 . ... |
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13.21MIDI Editor Modes and Views
13.21.1Note Modes
The MIDI Editor has four modes, accessible from the Views menu.. These are Piano Roll (keyboard shortcut
Alt 1), Named Notes (Alt 2), Event List (Alt 3) and Musical notation (Alt 4). Musical notation view is
covered in the chapter... |
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You can also double click on any event to modify that event’s
properties (see example, right). The information displayed in
the Event Properties dialog box will in large measure depend
on the event type of event.
The Event List view toolbar is simpler than that of the ot... |
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13.23Quantizing MIDI Data
The term Quantize refers to a process of aligning a set of
musical notes to a precise setting. This results in notes
being set on notes and on exact fractions of notes. When
you quantize a group of MIDI notes, the program moves
each note to the close... |
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strength fader is displayed (see above). This is used to adjust the swing setting within a range of -100% to
100%, or you can enter a value directly into the Swing % edit box to its immediate right. You should also set a
Notes value: left at Grid, this will take its value fr... |
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Quantize within % range. These are similar to the Nearly Quantized and Far From Quantized faders in the
Quantize Events dialog box (see previous section).
In addition, the Main (alt Recording) section of the Action List includes actions to:
Toggle MIDI input quantize for all tr... |
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13.27Working with Multiple MIDI Tracks and/or Items (Overview)
From Arrange view you can make MIDI items available for editing by choosing the command Open in built-in
MIDI editor from the right click context menu. This command has four mutually exclusive options – Open
cli... |
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In the MIDI Editor Contents Track List each item is assigned three qualities – visibility status, active status and
editability status. These can be set as required to allow you to work with different items at different times.
Visible means the item and its notes are displayed in th... |
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The Options when using one MIDI editor per project command (also on the MIDI editor Contents menu)
includes further ways in which you
can specify MIDI Editor behavior
when selecting and editing items
Item selection toggle options
are Active MIDI item
follows selecti... |
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editing activities on any part of the selection, such as copying or moving, adjusting velocity, stretching, shrinking,
etc. The table below gives some examples of how you can apply this to various MIDI editing tasks.
If you want to do this … … do this!
Change track/item name. Doubl... |
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13.31MIDI Editor Actions
REAPER’s Action list Editor lets you assign keyboard shortcuts to any command or action, or sequence of actions,
including many not shown on the MIDI Editor menus. Chapter 15 will show you how to do this, including adding
actions to the MIDI Editor ... |
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Category/Group Examples of MIDI Editor assignable actions (not fully comprehensive)
Grid actions Set grid type (straight, dotted, triplet, swing). Adjust swing grid strength.
Navigation Actions to navigate by channel, voice, pitch (all views) or staff (notation editor).
Remove dupli... |
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13.33In-Line MIDI Editing
To use the in-line editor on any MIDI item, first select the item then either use the default shortcut key E or right
click and from the menu choose Open items in editor then Open in in-line editor . The in-line editor will only
be displayed if th... |
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In the alternative scenario, the new MIDI item becomes a discrete item in its own right, so that you can
independently edit either item without affecting the other.
By default, when you copy and paste items using the menus or keyboard shortcuts (such as Ctrl Shift C and
Ctrl V), th... |
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13.36MIDI Preferences Settings
To specify your MIDI preferences , choose the Options, Preferences command (Ctrl P) and then select the
Media, MIDI page. You'll find these shown
in detail in Chapter 22, but for now it’s
worth noting that you can:
Specify whether by defau... |
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track's FX chain: right-click over the plug-in's “In/Out” button and choose the required MIDI Bus from the MIDI
Input menu (below).
The same context menu can also be used to assign MIDI output
from that plug-in to any bus, and/or to assign the synth's audio
input or output to an... |
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If you display the Add FX window and type midi into the filter list box (as shown above), you will see a list of
those Midi FX that are currently available. Below are listed just a few examples.
MIDI CC LFO Generator A LFO Controlled CC generator.
MIDI Duplicate Note Filter B... |
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3.Move the Vox track to the top, select it and press Ctrl T to insert a new track. Your Vox track is now track
1 and the new track is track 2.
4.Name the new track Vox MIDI.
5.Display the Routing window for the Vox MIDI track and add a new Pre FX Receive on Audio 1/2
from the Vox t... |
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13.43MIDI Item Source Properties
The MIDI Item Source Properties dialog box (shown right) is
accessed from Arrange View my choosing Source
properties… from the right-click context menu.
This dialog displays basic information about the MIDI item,
such as the number of MIDI... |
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precaution) Volume. Set this to about -15 dB. If this turns out to be too low, you can later raise it.
4.Also as a precaution, insert the JS: MGA JS Limiter and set Ceiling to -3.0 dB.
5.Select the Sequencer Baby plugin. Some of its main controls are shown below.
6.Click and drag in ... |
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13.47Using MIDI CC Messages to Control FX Presets
This is an advanced topic and as such not recommended for novice users.
Bank/Program Select CC messages can be used to switch programmatically between presets for any FX on any
track during playback in real time. This can be d... |
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16.The preset bank will now be loaded. Display the Program drop down list and select the required preset
(see right). Be sure to select the same channel as you specified at step 10. Click on OK.
17.Repeat step 16. as many times as you wish to create as many
automated preset change... |
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need to check your keyboard’s documentation to find out how to select a MIDI channel of your choice
(from 1 to 16) for MIDI output.
To select a MIDI channel for REAPER input, first right-click on the track control panel over the area shown
(right). You should then choose (fr... |
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14Music Notation and REAPER's Notation Editor
14.1A Brief Introduction to Notation
In a broad sense, the term notation can be applied to any system that uses written symbols to represent musical
notes. Thus, the piano roll view of REAPER's MIDI Editor can be seen as a type ... |
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(quaver), sixteenth note (semiquaver), thirty-second note (demi-semiquaver) and sixty-fourth note (semi-demi-
semiquaver). Above you can see where ties have been used to join together two or more adjacent notes of the
same pitch, effectively creating a single longer note.
To... |
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You can also see that the MIDI editor environment is also the same. For example, the menus and toolbars are
the same, as is the essential MIDI Editor functionality. In either of the two view shown here, for example, you
can add, delete or move notes.
Note that a MIDI item c... |
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14.3Opening MIDI Items in the Notation Editor
Under Options, Preferences, Editing Behavior, MIDI Editor you can specify your default preference as to
whether you want one MIDI editor instance opened for each item, for each track, or for the entire project. When
in musical ... |
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To the right of the page, at the end of each pair of rows there is a pitch cursor in the form of a small gray
triangle. This shows the current pitch that will apply when keyboard actions such as insert note are
applied. An accidental (sharp or flat) will be shown beside it... |
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Bracket tracks by folder: Enabling this option will cause a bracket to be drawn to the left of the score to
indicate where a number of consecutive tracks belong in the same folder.
Color note heads: Determines whether or not note heads are colored in accordance with whichever... |
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Options like these can be enabled or disabled. You can also assign your own shortcut keys for any actions, or
add them to the MIDI Editor's menus or toolbars. The actions list is covered in more detail in Chapter 15:
some time spent browsing thru this list could prove to b... |
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Each MIDI item can have its own key signature, or no key signature. If no key signature is specified for an
item, it will take its key signature from the previous item on the same track. If there is no previous item on
the same track and no key signature defined, it will n... |
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